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1

Frank, Christoph Daniel. "The mechanics of triumph : public ceremony and civic pageantry under Louis XIV." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8760.

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2

Heinrich, Brittany Nicole. "Satirical imagery of the grotesque body of Louis XIV : pushing the corporeal limits of France." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98929.

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The establishment of the French Absolutism under King Louis XIV depended in part on pictorial representation generated by the French Academy. As a vehicle and institute of the state, the Academy created a canon of imagery, which was known throughout Europe. This enabled Louis XIV's image to be reversed by the creators of the satirical images. The makers of the reverse image appropriated the institutionalized styles and genres of royal portraiture to create innovative satirical images of the monarch using the very canon Louis XIV sanctioned. In its analysis of a small body of satirical imagery, the thesis draws on various theories about the body of the king proposed by Jean-Marie Apostolides, Ernst Kantorowicz and Louis Marin. A comparison of satirical images with official images of the king demonstrates the successful strategies of satirical imagery and the collective need for these kinds images in the seventeenth century.
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3

Nelson, Eric W. "The king, the Jesuits and the French Church, 1594-1615." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:78447dd8-1dbb-4a2f-8aee-f964c293faa9.

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This thesis offers a re-examination of the expulsion, return and subsequent integration of the Jesuits into France during the reign of Henry IV and the regency of Marie de Medicis (1594- 1615). Drawing on archival material from Paris, Rome and London, it argues that in order to understand the Society of Jesus's role in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century France one must understand the circumstances of their return. The critical moment for the Society in France, this study contends, was the promulgation of the Edict of Rouen in 1603, not their expulsion in 1594. The Edict and the royal goodwill which sanctioned it gave the Society a legal standing in France and established a set of conditions which formed the basis for a new Jesuit role in the French church and wider society. Moreover, the Edict of Rouen was more than just an attempt by Henry IV to bring peace to the Catholic church; it was also an important assertion of royal authority in the French church. Indeed, I argue that the return of the Society exclusively through royal clemency or grâce defined an important alliance between the monarchy and the Jesuits which was to be a significant feature of the French church for more than a century. Although numerous historians have already looked at various aspects of this important topic, this thesis is the first to argue that the most important development of this period for our understanding of the Society's position and role in France was the accommodation of the Society by the French church and French royal administrative structures after the king's will was expressed in 1603. It also asserts that it was the reality of compromise not the rhetoric of conflict which should shape our understanding of the Society's integration into France and their role in the French church in the seventeenth century.
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4

Runyan, Aimie Kathleen. "Daughters of the King and Founders of a Nation: Les Filles du Roi in New France." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28470/.

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The late seventeenth century was a crucial era in establishing territorial claims on the North American continent. In order to strengthen France's hold on the Quebec colony, Louis XIV sent 770 women across the Atlantic at royal expense in order to populate New France. Since that time, these women known as the filles du roi, have often been reduced to a footnote in history books, or else mistakenly slandered as women of questionable morals. This work seeks to clearly identify the filles du roi through a study of their socioeconomic status, educational background, and various demographic factors, and compare the living conditions they had in France with those that awaited them in Canada. The aim of this undertaking is to better understand these pioneer women and their reasons for leaving France, as well as to identify the lasting contributions they made to French-Canadian culture and society.
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5

De, Waele Michel. "Une question de confiance? : le parlement de Paris et Henri IV, 1589-1599." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29008.

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From 1589 to 1599, the relation between Henri IV and the Parlement of Paris was a tumultuous one. Some parlementaires associated with the Catholic League refused at first to recognize Henri of Navarre as their king. These magistrates met in Paris until April 1594. Meanwhile, their royalist colleagues congregated in Tours where, in March 1589, Henri III had transferred his sovereign court. From there, the royalist councillors helped Henri IV reconquer his realm. This, they did in spite of his religion, although they frequently asked him to convert to Catholicism. After the reunification of the two rival courts in April 1594, the parlementaires seemed to work as one and blocked the verification of numerous edicts presented by the king. Their opposition was so strong that it has led some historians to claim that it was endangering the State's survival. It slowly faded away after the verification of the Edict of Nantes in February 1599. In a pacified France, the conflicts between a king finally in control of his realm and his parlementaires became rare. The magistrates finally had confidence in the government which seemed to take adequate measures to stabilize France after more than thirty years of civil wars.
The difficult relationship between Henri IV and the Parlement of Paris between 1589 and 1599 was not created by the egoistic nature of the magistrates or their incompetence as claimed by numerous historians. If some of the Parlementaires--we will call them the "opportunists"--put their own interests before those of the realm, a majority of their colleagues had a very high idea of their political role within France, an idea based on centuries of relation between the kings of France and the Parlement as well as on the political role of the court as defined by theorists of the time. Confronted to a king they hardly knew, these "traditionalists", on whom this work will be centered, tried to make sure that the interests of the kingdom, its king and its inhabitants were protected. They would not give Henri IV's government the leeway it sought but would scrutinize and frequently block the edicts presented to them, and this until Henri IV proved that he could be trusted as the head of the realm.
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6

Balint, Robert. "The ecclesiastical policy of King Henry III of England : episcopal appointments, 1226-1272." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16347.

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7

Lavieille, Géraldine. "L’icône royale : fabrications collectives et usages politiques de l’image religieuse du roi de France au Grand Siècle." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3050.

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Les transformations qui interviennent en France à la suite des guerres de Religion modifient l’imbrication des sphères politique et religieuse. La scission entre protestants et catholiques, la triple reconstruction religieuse, nationale et étatique, les évolutions des pratiques et croyances religieuses ainsi que la nouvelle vigueur des gallicanismes induisent des mutations dans la dimension religieuse des conceptions du pouvoir royal entre le règne d’Henri IV et celui de Louis XIV, évolutions appréciables sur le plan symbolique. De 1589 à 1715, une iconographie abondante place le roi dans une situation religieuse, le met en rapport avec des personnages saints ou divins, ou souligne l’importance de son action en matière religieuse. Ces portraits du roi régnant ou de rois défunts, produits en des lieux disséminés sur le territoire métropolitain du XVIIe siècle, révèlent une autre image du pouvoir royal que l’iconographie plus amplement étudiée jusqu’ici. Elle intègre une sacralité héritée, fruit d’une longue construction médiévale dont l’importance se lit toujours au Grand Siècle, et des éléments neufs, qui passent en particulier par l’essor de cultes associant le roi et ses sujets, comme celui de saint Louis ou celui de Marie, marqué par le vœu de Louis XIII. Elle doit en outre se comprendre dans le cadre de l’évolution du droit divin, dans ses rapports avec l’autorité et le pouvoir du roi. L’image d’harmonie qui est élaborée témoigne de la place de cette iconographie dans la légitimation d’un ordre politique et social liant espace terrestre et monde céleste. La genèse de ces objets divers (peintures, sculptures, gravures, etc.), souvent éloignée de la cour, entretenant des relations parfois très ténues avec le pouvoir royal, ne peut être envisagée comme le fruit d’une propagande : elle souligne plutôt des fabrications collectives du portrait religieux du roi. Ainsi, cette thèse propose une histoire culturelle du politique, s’appuyant sur une approche iconographique intégrant les pratiques sociales et les théories politiques
The transformations that occurred in France after the Wars of Religion altered the interweaving between the political and the religious spheres. The split between Protestants and Catholics, the rebuilding of the church, the nation and the state, the transformations of the religious beliefs and practices, and the new strength of the gallicanisms led to changes in the religious idea of the royal power between the reign of Henry IV and Louis XIV. These evolutions are assessable on a symbolic level. From 1589 to 1715, an abundant iconography places the monarch in a religious situation, puts him in touch with saints or God, or underlines the importance of his action in the religious field. These portraits of the reigning king or deceased kings, produced in dispatched places in the kingdom, reveal a different image of the royal power than the iconography that has most been studied up to now. It includes an inherited sacrality, built during the Middle Ages and still important in the 17th century, and new elements, which entail the growth of cults associating the monarch and his subjects, such as the cults of saint Louis and the Virgin Mary, marked by the vow of Louis XIII. It must furthermore be understood within the framework of the evolution of the divine right, in its links with the royal authority and power. It builds an image of harmony that shows the place of the iconography in the legitimization of a political and social order linking terrestrial and celestial spaces. The creation of these objects (paintings, sculptures, engravings, etc.), often far away from the court, often in loose relationships with the royal power, cannot be understood as propaganda: it rather emphasizes collective makings of the religious portrait of the king. Thus, this thesis offers a cultural history of the political field, leaning on an iconographic approach including social practices and political theories
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8

Shakibi, Zhand Paul. "The King, the Tsar, the Shah : agency and the making of revolution in Bourbon France, Romanov Russia and Pahlavi Iran." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250158.

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9

Vial, Charles-Eloi. "Les chasses des souverains en France (1804-1830)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040222.

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Activité prisée des rois de France depuis l'époque médiévale, la chasse était devenue pour les derniers Bourbons plus une passion dévorante qu'une simple distraction. Louis XV et Louis XVI furent critiqués par l'opinion publique naissante, qui considérait que leurs chasses onéreuses les éloignaient du gouvernement. Après la chute de la monarchie, les chasses royales disparurent. Elles furent remises au goût du jour par Napoléon Ier, soucieux de s'approprier les apparences de la légitimité monarchique. Le maréchal Berthier fut ainsi nommé Grand veneur en 1804. Grâce à lui, Napoléon put faire de ses chasses un instrument politique puissant, une distraction de Cour prisée, le tout avec une économie substantielle de moyens. La Restauration, au lieu de revenir à l'organisation d'Ancien Régime, choisit de conserver l'équipage de chasse et l'administration mise en place pour Napoléon, qui fonctionnèrent jusqu'en 1830. Naquit ainsi le paradoxe d'une Restauration affichant, à la suite de l'Empire, la volonté de renouer avec la tradition monarchique, mais cela grâce à un équipage formé pour Napoléon. C'est cette continuité, humaine, budgétaire, mais aussi politique et symbolique qu'il convient d'étudier au travers des éléments constitutifs des chasses : une implantation autour de Paris permettant une circulation de la Cour autour de différentes résidences de chasse, une pratique régulière destinée à la distraction du souverain et de ses proches, des invitations de personnages politiquement importants, qui donnent à certains jours de chasse bien précis une résonance particulière. Autant d'aspects qui se retrouvent dans les sources : archives, journaux, mémoires, œuvres d'art
Hunting had always been the privileged activity of kings since the mediaeval period, and for the later Bourbons it became a consuming passion. Indeed Louis XV and Louis XVI were to be criticized by a proto public opinion ; it was thought that hunts were expensive and that they distracted the rulers from the duties of government. The royal hunts disappeared with the fall of the monarchy. But Napoleon, with his desire to appropriate the outward show of monarchical legitimacy, brought it back. Marshal Berthier was appointed Grand veneur and given the task of organizing the imperial hunt in exactly the same way as it had been done under Louis XVI. Napoleon made the hunts a powerful political instrument and a Court indulgence whilst at the same time making considerable savings. The Restoration in fact chose not to revive Ancien Régime customs but preserved the Napoleonic hunting administration. This gave rise to the paradox of a Restoration attempting to reinvigorate monarchical traditions but using structures created by Napoleon. This is that strong continuity, human, budgetary, but also political and symbolic, inside a geographical field concentrated around Paris that made it possible for the Court to circulate around the different imperial hunting residences, to dedicate certain days to the hunts, and to invite some important political figures. All of these aspects are to be found in the sources : archives, newspapers, autobiographies, artworks
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10

Bergeron, Elise. "Questions de genre dans les Mémoires de Marguerite de Valois." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29815.

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This Master's thesis belongs to the field of sixteenth century studies. The text I have chosen to study is the Memoires of Marguerite de Valois, begun in 1594 and published in 1628, thirteen years following the death of this queen. My analysis encompasses both the conventions of genre and rhetoric evidenced in the text. The first chapter explores the peculiarities inherent in the memoirs genre, especially where these explicitly distinguish it from the autobiography. The second chapter examines the rhetorical aspects of Marguerite de Valois' Memoires. In doing so, I have highlighted and analyzed the rhetorical strategies employed in the text, whose ultimate intent was to convince the initial reader, Brantome, and subsequently posterity, of the political astuteness of an author who was also worthy of her correspondent's trust as a loyal ally.
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11

Vial, Charles-Eloi. "Les chasses des souverains en France (1804-1830)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040222.

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Activité prisée des rois de France depuis l'époque médiévale, la chasse était devenue pour les derniers Bourbons plus une passion dévorante qu'une simple distraction. Louis XV et Louis XVI furent critiqués par l'opinion publique naissante, qui considérait que leurs chasses onéreuses les éloignaient du gouvernement. Après la chute de la monarchie, les chasses royales disparurent. Elles furent remises au goût du jour par Napoléon Ier, soucieux de s'approprier les apparences de la légitimité monarchique. Le maréchal Berthier fut ainsi nommé Grand veneur en 1804. Grâce à lui, Napoléon put faire de ses chasses un instrument politique puissant, une distraction de Cour prisée, le tout avec une économie substantielle de moyens. La Restauration, au lieu de revenir à l'organisation d'Ancien Régime, choisit de conserver l'équipage de chasse et l'administration mise en place pour Napoléon, qui fonctionnèrent jusqu'en 1830. Naquit ainsi le paradoxe d'une Restauration affichant, à la suite de l'Empire, la volonté de renouer avec la tradition monarchique, mais cela grâce à un équipage formé pour Napoléon. C'est cette continuité, humaine, budgétaire, mais aussi politique et symbolique qu'il convient d'étudier au travers des éléments constitutifs des chasses : une implantation autour de Paris permettant une circulation de la Cour autour de différentes résidences de chasse, une pratique régulière destinée à la distraction du souverain et de ses proches, des invitations de personnages politiquement importants, qui donnent à certains jours de chasse bien précis une résonance particulière. Autant d'aspects qui se retrouvent dans les sources : archives, journaux, mémoires, œuvres d'art
Hunting had always been the privileged activity of kings since the mediaeval period, and for the later Bourbons it became a consuming passion. Indeed Louis XV and Louis XVI were to be criticized by a proto public opinion ; it was thought that hunts were expensive and that they distracted the rulers from the duties of government. The royal hunts disappeared with the fall of the monarchy. But Napoleon, with his desire to appropriate the outward show of monarchical legitimacy, brought it back. Marshal Berthier was appointed Grand veneur and given the task of organizing the imperial hunt in exactly the same way as it had been done under Louis XVI. Napoleon made the hunts a powerful political instrument and a Court indulgence whilst at the same time making considerable savings. The Restoration in fact chose not to revive Ancien Régime customs but preserved the Napoleonic hunting administration. This gave rise to the paradox of a Restoration attempting to reinvigorate monarchical traditions but using structures created by Napoleon. This is that strong continuity, human, budgetary, but also political and symbolic, inside a geographical field concentrated around Paris that made it possible for the Court to circulate around the different imperial hunting residences, to dedicate certain days to the hunts, and to invite some important political figures. All of these aspects are to be found in the sources : archives, newspapers, autobiographies, artworks
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12

Ancona, Alexis Faith. "King Arthur as Transcendent Rhetoric of Anxiety: Examining Arthurian Legends as Sociopolitical Paratexts." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1525102970057973.

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13

Bonner, Elizabeth Ann. "The first phase of the politique of Henri II in Scotland, its genesis and the nature of the "auld alliance", 1547-1554." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18608.

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14

Bree, Susan M. "Le portrait de Louis XIV et la vision de l'histoire chez Saint Simon (Mémoires 1707-1715) : de la création à l'apocalypse." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29189.

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The main aim of this thesis is to examine the vision of history which is presented in the Mémoires of the due de Saint-Simon/ a work which describes life at the French court during the last years of the reign of Louis XIV and during the period of the Regency which followed the death of the Sun King (1691-1723). The thesis is a study based on a close reading of the text itselff using two methods to shed light on the different aspects of the subject. It begins with an investigation of the theme of paternity or fatherhood/ and the way in which this theme relates to the question of royal power/ focusing on the figure of the king himself as he appears in his various father roles: father of both a legitimate and an illegitimate line of children/ and father of his kingdom. The strongly religious and moralistic overtones of Saint-Simon's political and social convictions lead the memorialist to condemn what he sees as the chaos and social disorder resulting from the king's "confusion" of these differing paternal identities. The second half of the thesis is largely a stylistic analysis of two passages taken from the body of the Mémoires. For by examining the style of this work (at both a lexical and a syntactical level)/ one may begin to develop an insight into the way in which Saint-Simon interprets the events of his day in order to fit them into his larger vision of the history of the world. Certain stylistic traits in the text suggest a movement from the mere presentation and explanation of events to an interpretation of their deeper meaning. As well/ frequent references in the Mémoires to both Genesis and Revelations/ taken in conjunction with Saint-Simon's theologo-political view of society/ seem to indicate that the memorialist regards the reign of Louis XIV as being a playing-out/ in miniature/ of the history of the world/ from the Fall to a final confrontation between good and evil. Thus/ in the end/ Saint-Simon's constant need to interpret events leads him away from the simple explanation of causes/ towards the elaboration of a prophetic vision (or "apocalypse") : a dire warning issued to the monarchy and to the people of France as to the fate which may yet befall them, if the process of corruption begun by the Sun King himself is not somehow reversed.
Arts, Faculty of
French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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15

Giraudier, Fanny. "Les Grands et le roi : pouvoir et contestation à la cour des premiers Bourbons (1589-1629)." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2137.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’appréhender les relations entre le roi et les nobles à la fin des guerres de Religion. La période des guerres civiles est marquée par un affaiblissement de l’autorité monarchique. Pour rétablir l’ordre dans le royaume, le roi doit compter sur les nobles dont la vocation est de porter les armes. Or, beaucoup de ces seigneurs ne le reconnaissent pas comme roi légitime. Par la guerre, les négociations et une savante politique de légitimation, Henri IV parvient à les rallier progressivement à son autorité. Cette thèse vise à comprendre ce processus de réconciliation, sur quelles bases il repose et comment les nobles contribuent à la redéfinition du pouvoir après ces périodes de troubles. Car si la paix est rétablie dans le royaume à partir de 1598 avec la paix de Vervins et l’édit de Nantes, les contestations nobiliaires ne sont pas totalement éteintes et éclatent à plusieurs reprises jusqu’en 1629. Les modalités de la révolte sont donc au cœur de cette thèse, c’est-à-dire la façon dont les nobles expriment leur mécontentement et justifient leurs oppositions au souverain. La cour est un cadre privilégié pour observer les dynamiques de pouvoir qui se jouent entre le souverain et les nobles, hommes et femmes. Le choix d’une période comprise 1589 et 1629 permet de suivre l’évolution de ces rapports à l’autorité monarchique et de mesurer le poids de l’honneur, moteur de l’action nobiliaire, mais aussi de la défense de la foi dans les prises de position nobiliaires. Cette longue période permet d’appréhender en quoi les contestations nobiliaires contribuent à la construction monarchique dans une période marquée par des conflits religieux
The aim of this thesis is to understand the relationships between the King and the nobles at the end of the Wars of Religion. This period is marked by a weakening of the royal authority and the division of nobility between factions with different religious faiths. In order to restore order in the kingdom, the King must rely upon nobles whose vocation is to bear arms. However, many nobles don’t recognize him like as a legitimate sovereign. Through war, negotiations and a wise policy of legitimation, Henri IV achieves his goal of rallying them behind his authority. This thesis aims to understand this reconciliation process, on what basis it is founded and how nobles contribute to redefine royal power. Even though peace has been restored since 1598 with the Peace of Vervins and the Edict of Nantes, protests of nobility are not shut and flared several times until 1629. The modalities of the revolt are at the heart of this thesis, that is, the way nobles express their discontent and justify their oppositions against the sovereign. The court provides an ideal environment for the observation of the power dynamics between the King and nobles, men and women. The choice of the period from 1589 up to 1629 allows one to follow the evolution of the relations with the monarchical authority and evaluate the weight of honor, driving force of nobility action as well as the defense of faith in the nobles’ positions. This extensive period allows to apprehend how nobility protests contribute to the building of the monarchy during a period marked by religious conflicts
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16

Langlois, Chantal. "La chronique scandaleuse : l'ombre du quotidien." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64030.

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17

Coombes, Pamela M. "The Medici gardens of Boboli and Luxembourg : thoughts on their relationship and development." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60661.

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Marie de' Medici began the 'jardin du Luxembourg' during her Regency for Louis XIII. As Henry IV's queen, she had clung tenaciously to her Italian family heritage and as her upbringing had close associations with the spectacular 'giardino di Boboli', she was thus inspired to utilize it as the prototype for her Parisian garden. The validation of Marie de' Medici's success lies in the investigation of both gardens to determine the recurring features and to ascertain their precise chronology. Evidence suggests that some replicated features were well known to Marie, the 'Grotta Grande', the original layout and the amphitheatre's general form; while other features, the 'Isolotto' and the amphitheatre's stone seating, were not. These were realized either concurrently or even later than similar features at Luxembourg: a factor overlooked by historians who habitually cite the formative role of Boboli at Luxembourg.
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18

Condren, John. "Louis XIV et le repos de l'Italie : French policy towards the duchies of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, 1659-1689." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8259.

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Between 1659 and 1689, northern Italy was generally at peace, having endured almost three decades of continuous war from the 1620s. The Peace of the Pyrenees of November 1659, between the French and Spanish crowns, seemed to offer the young Louis XIV an opportunity to gradually subvert Spanish influence over the small princely families of the Po valley. The Houses of Farnese, Este, and Gonzaga-Nevers, respective rulers of Parma, Modena, and Mantua-Monferrato, had all been allies of France at various points in the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659), but had gained scant reward for their willingness to jeopardise their own relationships with the king of Spain and the Holy Roman Emperor, despite the promises of material and diplomatic support which Cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin had extended to them. As a consequence, they were reluctant to agree to again participate in alliances with France. This thesis examines how Louis XIV gradually came to lose the friendship of these three ruling families, through his arrogant disregard of their interests and their ambitions, and also by his contempt for their capabilities and usefulness. This disregard was frequently born out of the French monarch's unwillingness to jeopardise or to undermine his own interests in Italy – in particular, the permanent retention of the fortress of Pinerolo, in Piedmont, as a porte onto the Po plain. But although the principi padani comprehended the reasons for Louis's unwillingness to act as a benevolent patron, they resented his all-too-palpable distrust of them; his entrenched belief that they were unreliable; and his obvious love of war. The rulers and élites of the Italian states believed that Louis would undoubtedly seek, at some point in his reign, to attack Spain's possessions in Italy, and dwelt in perpetual dread of that day. This thesis provides the account of French policy towards the small Italian states after 1659 which is still absent from the historiography of Louis XIV's foreign policies.
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Wilewski, Sarah. "Styles of sovereignty : the relevance of Louis XIV to English royal iconography, 1689-1714." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a65349cf-629a-4a8a-a961-c281f34a248e.

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This thesis explores the influence of French royal image-making on English monarchies at the turn of the eighteenth century. It investigates the relevance of Louis XIV (r. 1643-1715) to English royal iconography during the reigns of William III (r. 1689-1702) and Queen Anne (r. 1702-1714) across a wide range of source material - from panegyric and portraiture, to medals, sculpture, and architecture. In doing so, it foregrounds the intricate interplay between political communication and different forms of artistic imagination in the early modern period. The thesis conceptualises the relation between post-revolutionary English monarchical image-making and its French counterpart as one of contest with and emancipation from French influence. The specific political circumstances add a particular poignancy to the investigation of this narrative, as the almost continual crises which the English monarchy suffered at the time stand in sharp contrast with the (dynastic) stability of the French monarchy and its highly influential court culture. Despite these elements of rupture and contrast, however, the story of seventeenth-century English monarchical image-making is one of continuity in respect of its gradual disengagement from the French model. In contrast to his immediate predecessors, I contend, William's image-making presents him as Louis's competitor, rather than his imitator. In the course of William's reign, Louis's monarchical model thus turns from model to foil. This development evolves further in Queen Anne's reign, culminating in Louis's mort avant la lettre, as Anne's image-making dispenses with the Ludovican model both as model and as foil. English post-revolutionary image-making, I argue, not only mirrored, but actively contributed to the decline of the Ludovican model, whilst maintaining the figure of the monarch as central to public political discourse. Through the lens of monarchical image-making, therefore, this thesis offers a critical outlook onto late seventeenth-century Anglo-French political and artistic relations.
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20

Tessier, Philippe. "François Denis Tronchet, biographie intellectuelle d'un jurisconsulte en Révolution." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30046.

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François-Denis Tronchet, jurisconsulte, participa, aux premières places, à l'application du droit, mais aussi à son écriture, à un moment de l'histoire de France où les juristes refusèrent d'être les interprètes du passé pour devenir les agents du devenir historique. Il prit part à tous les grands événements de la Révolution : les Etats généraux, le Serment du Jeu de Paume, la nuit du 4-août, l'élaboration de la Constitution de 1791, la fuite du roi arrêtée à Varennes, le procès du roi ; il siégea, sous le Directoire, au Conseil des Anciens ; enfin, il fut le premier président du Tribunal de cassation sous le Consulat, avant de présider la commission chargée de l'élaboration du Code civil. La pensée de cet avocat au Parlement de Paris fut décisive dans le passage de l'ancien droit au nouveau. Elle s'y exprime dans ses consultations, qui constituent la principale source de cette étude. Conservées aujourd'hui à la bibliothèque de la Cour de cassation, elles constituent une source exceptionnelle, rarement exploitée. Pourtant, des documents furent une source d'inspiration méconnue du Code civil. Il s'agit donc d'une configuration tout-à-fait remarquable, où l'historien dispose tout à la fois d'un travail juridique, les consultations, et du résultat qu'elles ont contribué à inspirer, le Code civil, qui régit toujours notre présent. En outre, on trouve, entre la source (les consultations) et sa résultante (le Code), des témoignages précis de l'action politique de Tronchet, notamment dans les archives parlementaires. Comment un juriste aussi érudit, aussi imprégné de tradition que François-Denis Tronchet a-t-il pu participer de façon aussi décisive à la Révolution, devenant, au moment de la rédaction du Code civil, l'artisan d'un droit absolument nouveau ? L'art de la consultation, par la liberté que donne l'interprétation, lui avait donné la capacité d'envelopper son avis personnel, parfois très créatif, des formes apparemment objectives de l'autorité de l'avocat consultant. Il s'était ainsi préparé à la grande réorganisation des normes de 1789. En outre, la participation à des réseaux d'opposition proches du jansénisme ; l'influence, dans les milieux parlementaires, du culte de la république romaine et d'une philosophie stoïcienne, transmise par l'intermédiaire de Cicéron, qui soulignait la centralité politique de la justice et de la loi naturelle ; tous ces facteurs expliquent ses prises de position favorables à la Révolution, mais aussi le rôle qu'il joua dans la défense du roi. Pour conclure, il voyait la Révolution comme une régénération, une transformation du présent par un retour authentique aux principes passés. Tronchet, comme les antiques jurisconsultes, a cherché à fixer la Révolution à des principes déterminés de toute éternité
François-Denis Tronchet, a Jurisconsult, played a crucial role in the interpretation of Law, but also in its writing, during the French Revolution. During this period of French history, some jurists refused to be only interpreters of the Past, and began to be true actors of History. François-Denis Tronchet took part in nearly all important events of the French Revolution : the Estates-General, the Tennis Court Oath, the Fourth of August and the abolition of feudal privileges, the writing of the Constitution of 1791, the flight of Louis XVI stopped at Varennes, the King's trial. He was a Member of Parliament (of the Conseil des Anciens) during the Directoire ; lastly, he was the president of the Tribunal de cassation during the Consulate and he presided the commission in charge of the redaction of the civil code. His thought was decisive in the transformation of French Law during the French Revolution. It is conveyed in its consultations, which are the main historical source of this dissertation. Today stored at the library of the Cour de cassation, they constitute an extraordinarysource, rarely used. However, these documents inspired the French civil code. Here, historians have a hand, at the same time, a lawyer's work, the consultations, and the result they partly inspired, the civil Code, that still inspires our present. Besides, between the source (the consultations) and its result (the Code) we have some documents about the political life of Tronchet (mainly parliamentary records). How is it so, that such a learned jurist, so influenced by ancient juridical traditions, played such a crucial role in the French revolution, becoming, during the redaction process of the Civil code, the architect of an absolutely new Law ? During the Ancien regime, the art of consultation gave him, by way of the intellectual freedom of interpretation, the ability of giving his own opinion, sometimes very creative, under the guise of apparently objective, and authoritative, form of the consultation. Therefore, he was intellectually prepared to the reorganization of Law brought about by the French Revolution. Besides, other factors explain his participation in the French Revolution. His belonging to opposition networks, close to Jansenism, during the Ancien Regime accounts for his itinerary. The influence, in parliamentary circles, of the celebration of the Roman Republic as well as the influence of stoic philosophy, conveyed through Cicero's writingd, which underlined the major importance of justice and natural Law, also partly account for his adhesion to the Revolution. These intellectual influences also explain his defence of Louis XVI during his trial. To conclude, he viewed the Revolution as a process of regeneration, a transformation of time present by a resurrection of the true principles of ancient Law
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21

Cheneaux-Berthelot, Christiane. "L’économie du blé dans le département de la Seine au XIXème siècle : permanences et mutations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040125.

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Cette étude est à replacer dans le débat sur le retard de l’agriculture française à la veille de la première guerre mondiale, et dans la façon d’aborder cette analyse, entre la macro et la micro-histoire. L’économie du blé au XIXe siècle est une des portes d’entrée de l’analyse. Le blé, culture alimentaire de première nécessité, couvrait la plus grande partie des terres labourables, alimentait des très nombreux moulins, donnait naissance à un trafic de grande envergure tant national qu’international, et se retrouvait, sous forme de pain, dans l’alimentation de tous les foyers. L’impact de cette céréale était si important, que la priorité de tous les gouvernements, était de nourrir en priorité le peuple de cette denrée pour assurer la paix sociale. Ainsi donc, d’un aspect agricole, on passait d’emblée à un aspect politique et social de l’étude. La façon dont le blé était collecté, emmagasiné, distribué, déterminait un marché, plus ou moins ouvert selon que les récoltes s’avéraient suffisantes, ou insuffisantes. L’étude ouvrait donc sur la politique commerciale de la France. Les revenus des producteurs de blé étaient fonction de leur place dans le marché, leurs gains dépendaient de l’élasticité du marché, de la loi de l’offre et de la demande, et des exigences des donneurs d’ordre. L’aspect économique de la question prenait tout son sens. Enfin, la quantité de blé récolté et livré était fonction de la taille de l’exploitation, de l’agencement des terres, de leur qualité et de l’habilité du paysan à optimiser les rendements. L’aspect purement agraire et technique de la production s’avéraient être un préalable à la réflexion. Autant de sujets de réflexion encore d’actualité
This study is part of the debate about The French agriculture backwardness before the First World War, and in the way to situate this analysis between macro and micro history. Wheat economy in the XIXth century is one of the introductions to this analysis. Wheat, being the essential food producing farming, was grown on most of the cultivated lands. It supplied a lot of granaries, gave birth to a tremendous national and international trade and was essentially dedicated to the making of bread for families. The impact of that cereal was so important that the governments’ priority was to feed the population to maintain social peace. Consequently the agricultural subject of our analysis implied to consider the political and social aspect of it. The way wheat was collected, stored, distributed and finally delivered, implied a market, more or less opened, depending on plentiful or insufficient harvests. The study opened on the French external commercial policy. The incomes of wheat producers depended on their situation on the market, their incomes depended on the fluctuations of the market, offer and supply and the demands of the principals. The economical aspect was quite meaningful. Finally, the quantity of wheat sales depended on the sizes of farms, their situation, their quality and the ability of peasants to increase the yields. The mere agricultural and technical aspect of production could not be avoided and turned out to be prior to our reflection. That sort of questioning is quite valid in the present day world
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22

Berthelot, Christiane. "L’économie du blé dans le département de la Seine au XIXème siècle : permanences et mutations." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040125.

Full text
Abstract:
Cette étude est à replacer dans le débat sur le retard de l’agriculture française à la veille de la première guerre mondiale, et dans la façon d’aborder cette analyse, entre la macro et la micro-histoire. L’économie du blé au XIXe siècle est une des portes d’entrée de l’analyse. Le blé, culture alimentaire de première nécessité, couvrait la plus grande partie des terres labourables, alimentait des très nombreux moulins, donnait naissance à un trafic de grande envergure tant national qu’international, et se retrouvait, sous forme de pain, dans l’alimentation de tous les foyers. L’impact de cette céréale était si important, que la priorité de tous les gouvernements, était de nourrir en priorité le peuple de cette denrée pour assurer la paix sociale. Ainsi donc, d’un aspect agricole, on passait d’emblée à un aspect politique et social de l’étude. La façon dont le blé était collecté, emmagasiné, distribué, déterminait un marché, plus ou moins ouvert selon que les récoltes s’avéraient suffisantes, ou insuffisantes. L’étude ouvrait donc sur la politique commerciale de la France. Les revenus des producteurs de blé étaient fonction de leur place dans le marché, leurs gains dépendaient de l’élasticité du marché, de la loi de l’offre et de la demande, et des exigences des donneurs d’ordre. L’aspect économique de la question prenait tout son sens. Enfin, la quantité de blé récolté et livré était fonction de la taille de l’exploitation, de l’agencement des terres, de leur qualité et de l’habilité du paysan à optimiser les rendements. L’aspect purement agraire et technique de la production s’avéraient être un préalable à la réflexion. Autant de sujets de réflexion encore d’actualité
This study is part of the debate about The French agriculture backwardness before the First World War, and in the way to situate this analysis between macro and micro history. Wheat economy in the XIXth century is one of the introductions to this analysis. Wheat, being the essential food producing farming, was grown on most of the cultivated lands. It supplied a lot of granaries, gave birth to a tremendous national and international trade and was essentially dedicated to the making of bread for families. The impact of that cereal was so important that the governments’ priority was to feed the population to maintain social peace. Consequently the agricultural subject of our analysis implied to consider the political and social aspect of it. The way wheat was collected, stored, distributed and finally delivered, implied a market, more or less opened, depending on plentiful or insufficient harvests. The study opened on the French external commercial policy. The incomes of wheat producers depended on their situation on the market, their incomes depended on the fluctuations of the market, offer and supply and the demands of the principals. The economical aspect was quite meaningful. Finally, the quantity of wheat sales depended on the sizes of farms, their situation, their quality and the ability of peasants to increase the yields. The mere agricultural and technical aspect of production could not be avoided and turned out to be prior to our reflection. That sort of questioning is quite valid in the present day world
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23

Guérinot-Nawrocki, Sophie. "Les réseaux d’information et la circulation des nouvelles autour de l’exil de Marie de Médicis (1631-1642)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040088.

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En 1631, Marie de Médicis (1573-1642), reine de France, opposée à la politique de Richelieu, quitte précipitamment le royaume pour trouver refuge à la cour de Bruxelles. Jusqu’à sa mort en 1642, elle ne réussit jamais, malgré maintes tentatives, à rentrer en France. Elle vit dans les Pays-Bas espagnols jusqu’en 1639, puis, après un bref passage dans les Provinces-Unies, à Londres jusqu’en 1641, pour finir ses jours à Cologne. Alors que la guerre de Trente ans déchire l’Europe, Marie de Médicis tisse des liens avec les princes, mais aussi avec d’autres émigrés français, tels que Gaston d’Orléans ou la duchesse de Chevreuse. A travers cette situation exceptionnelle, nous étudions les réseaux, officiels ou secrets, qui se font et se défont autour de ces émigrés. La mise en place des réseaux et leur bon fonctionnement sont assurés par des hommes, ambassadeurs, courtisans, serviteurs, qui ont chacun des profils et des ambitions différents. Leurs histoires individuelles permettent de restituer la logique organique de cet ensemble complexe et mouvant à travers lequel circulent des nouvelles. Celles-ci sont analysées du point de vue matériel de leur support et de leur acheminement, mais aussi en fonction de leur contenu, qui varie selon les circonstances et les tensions politiques du moment. La circulation et les mutations de l’information ont sur la diplomatie des incidences qu’il faut évaluer. De plus, elles reflètent des idées politiques et révèlent des codes, des symboles, des représentations et des comportements particuliers. La mise en scène de l’information devient alors un objet d’étude fondamental
In 1631, Mary de’ Médici (1573-1642), queen mother of the French king, opposed to Richelieu’s government, precipitately leaves the kingdom to find shelter at the court of Brussels. Until her death in 1642, she never succeeds, in spite of many attempts, to be allowed to come back to France. She lives in the Spanish Netherlands from 1631 to 1639. Then, after a short passage through the United Provinces, she stays in London until 1641, to move out again to Cologne, where she finally dies. Whereas the Thirty Years War tears Europe to pieces, Mary de’ Médici weaves bonds not only with foreign princes, but also with other French banned emigrants, such as Gaston of Orleans or the duchess of Chevreuse. The study of this outstanding situation reveals official or secret networks, which are built up and undone around those emigrants. The making and good working of those networks are ensured by a pool of ambassadors, courtiers, servants, who have various profiles and follow different purposes. By rebuilding the individual stories of these men, we can disclose the organic logic of this complex and moving party, in which the news arise and flow. We try to provide an analysis from the point of view of the material support and routing of information, but also according to its content, which may vary following the peculiar circumstances and political issues. The circulation and changes of the news affect the diplomatic deeds in a way that must be investigated and explained. Moreover, information, as a mirror of political thoughts, is reflecting codes, symbols, representations and behaviors. Therefore, the setting and showing of information can be seen as a significant matter for political studies
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24

Tuttle, Liêm. "La justice pénale devant la Cour de Parlement, de Saint Louis à Charles IV (vers 1230-1328)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020052.

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La justice pénale constitue, à partir du règne de Saint Louis, une part importante de l’activité de la Cour du roi. En effet, tandis que se développe, notamment grâce à son intervention, un véritable « État de droit » dès le milieu du XIIIe siècle, le nombre d’affaires pénales portées devant elle ne cesse de s’accroître, et leur résolution constitue bientôt un domaine où s’élabore une politique judiciaire spécifique dont il y a lieu de déterminer les objectifs, les moyens et les résultats. Les décisions prises par ce qui devient le « Parlement » tendent à s’inscrire dans le prolongement des idées du temps sur le devoir incombant à la royauté de punir les infractions et de maintenir la paix, tout en révélant une confrontation régulière des juges aux difficultés inhérentes au caractère composite de l’organisation judiciaire et à l’enchevêtrement des coutumes, privilèges et autres droits propres. L’application d’une justice conforme aux idéaux de la royauté passe de manière nécessaire et préalable par la fixation d’un cadre judiciaire et juridique respectueux des droits acquis, mais également porteur d’obligations pour les juges pénaux du royaume. La cour souveraine les contraint ainsi au respect d’un certain nombre de principes, hérités pour partie de ceux qu’elle-même définit comme les fondements du procès pénal dans le cadre de son propre « style » naissant. La manière de résoudre le trouble provoqué par l’acte délictueux devient donc essentielle : après en avoir défini les éléments nécessaires à l’imputation d’une faute punissable, la cour applique et fait appliquer des peines toujours minutieusement « arbitrées » selon l’importance du dommage et l’intention coupable manifestée. La poursuite des crimes, le règlement de juges, la résolution des litiges entre juges et justiciables, sont autant de lieux privilégiés de la défense de la « chose publique », la cour s’assurant par là que les « crimes ne demeureront pas impunis », même si la part de la miséricorde demeure toujours réservée : ils seront traités par voie de droit, c’est-à-dire selon un droit pénal royal conforme à « ce que recommande la justice
As early as the reign of St. Louis, criminal justice represents a major part of the work of the Court of the King. Indeed, from the middle of the thirteenth century, while a true “State of law” is being developed, especially through its daily activities, the number of criminal cases risen before it increases steadily. Their settlement becomes soon an area where a specific judicial policy is adopted, of which it is necessary to determine the objectives, the means and the outcome. The judicial decisions taken by what is becoming the “Parliament”, tend to fall in line with the ideas of that time about the duties of the monarchy concerning the punishment of offenses and the maintaining of peace, while revealing that the judges are confronted on a regular basis to the difficulties posed by the composite character of the judiciary, and the entanglement of customs, privileges and personal laws. Applying justice consistently with the ideals of the monarchy makes it a necessity and a prerequisit to set a judicial and legal framework, respectful for acquired rights, but also binding for criminal judges of the kingdom. The sovereign court forces them to respect a number of principles, partly inherited from those it itself defines, in its own developing procedure, as the fundamentals of the criminal trial. The way to solve the disorder caused by the criminal act becomes essential: after defining the elements necessary for the attribution of a punishable offense, the court applies and enforces penalties that are always meticulously “arbitrated” accordingly to the damage and to the guilt. Thus, the prosecution of crimes, the settlement between judges in criminal matters, or between the judges and private persons are all privileged areas for the defense of “public good”: through those, the court makes sure that “crimes do not go unpunished”, even if room is always left for mercy, and will be dealt with through law, that is through a royal criminal law in accordance with “what justice recommends”
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25

Goudard, François. "La louange à Louis XIV entre "balladins" et prédicateurs 1661-1697 : renouveler la question du discours sur le roi grâce à la louange contenue dans les divertissements et la prédication." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100071/document.

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Etudier l'image de Louis XIV n’est pas nouveau. Explorer le discours sur sa personne l‘est davantage. La thématique « comment parle-t-on de Louis XIV? » sera préférée à la sempiternelle question « comment Louis XIV a-t-il fait parler de lui? ». Le processus (célébrer le roi) compte autant que le résultat (l'image du roi). Ce phénomène est souvent réduit à une vaste opération de communication. Contester que celui-ci produit une image serait une erreur. Néanmoins, réévaluer sa dimension d’hommage au roi parait indispensable. Le terme « célébration » rend compte, mieux que toute autre, de cette dualité. La célébration de Louis XIV peut être étudiée en s’écartant des matériaux traditionnels, grâce aux sermons et oraisons funèbres. En les confortant aux divertissements, la louange au roi apparait alors dans son étendue et sa complexité. Un premier chapitre définit la louange entre promotion du roi et rituel socioculturel, examine comment celle-ci a pénétré tel ou tel type de divertissements, de sermons et d‘oraisons funèbres, notamment grâce à un univers culturel commun par-delà leurs différences respectives. Un second chapitre s'intéresse aux acteurs de la louange, tente de les identifier, de pénétrer leurs motivations sans omettre le roi qui dansa dans les ballets et montra son intérêt pour les divertissements. Enfin, une étude des destinataires, souvent les mêmes dans les différents genres, complète ce panorama.Un dernier chapitre porte sur le portrait du roi, tel qu’il ressort de la louange. Celui-ci peut être approche avec la théorie du double corps du roi ou par l’idéal du roi absolu s’épanouissant sous Louis XIV. La réception de cette image, par ceux à qui elle était destinée, mérite d’être posée, ouvrant différentes problématiques, telle la possibilité d’un regard critique ou les modalités d'accueil des différents textes et de la louange elle-même
The study of Louis XIV’s image is not new. Exploring the speeches on his Person is it more. "How do people talk about Louis XIV “will be preferred to the age old question” how did Louis XIV get himself talked about". The way it proceeds (celebrating the king) matters as much as the result (the image of the king). This phenomenon is often contemplated and reduced to a vast operation of communication. Challenging that it gives rise to an image (representation) would be wrong. Nevertheless it appears essential to reassess its contribution to the homage to the king. The term "celebration" highlights that duality. The celebration of Louis XIV can be studied irrespective of traditional work materials but through preaches and funeral orations. Together with entertainments, the praise to the king then appears in all its extent and complexity.The first chapter describes the praise as a way to promote the king as well as a social cultural rite. It focuses on how the praise has penetrated some entertainments, preaches and funeral orations in a common cultural universe beyond their respective differences. A second chapter investigates more specifically the actors of the praise with an attempt to identify those actors, to penetrate their motivations without forgetting that Louis XIV has danced in the ballets and took pleasure and interest in entertainments. Finally a study of the public often comprising the same people complete the study. The last chapter is devoted to the portrait of the king in the praise. It is possible to come close to this portrait with the theory of the king's two bodies or by the widely spread idealized image of an absolute monarch. The feeling of those people for whom the image was intended deserves to be asked. It thus leaves room for certain issues such as a possibility of critical analysis by public or patterns of acceptance of the various texts and of the praise itself
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26

Guérinot-Nawrocki, Sophie. "Les réseaux d’information et la circulation des nouvelles autour de l’exil de Marie de Médicis (1631-1642)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040088.

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Abstract:
En 1631, Marie de Médicis (1573-1642), reine de France, opposée à la politique de Richelieu, quitte précipitamment le royaume pour trouver refuge à la cour de Bruxelles. Jusqu’à sa mort en 1642, elle ne réussit jamais, malgré maintes tentatives, à rentrer en France. Elle vit dans les Pays-Bas espagnols jusqu’en 1639, puis, après un bref passage dans les Provinces-Unies, à Londres jusqu’en 1641, pour finir ses jours à Cologne. Alors que la guerre de Trente ans déchire l’Europe, Marie de Médicis tisse des liens avec les princes, mais aussi avec d’autres émigrés français, tels que Gaston d’Orléans ou la duchesse de Chevreuse. A travers cette situation exceptionnelle, nous étudions les réseaux, officiels ou secrets, qui se font et se défont autour de ces émigrés. La mise en place des réseaux et leur bon fonctionnement sont assurés par des hommes, ambassadeurs, courtisans, serviteurs, qui ont chacun des profils et des ambitions différents. Leurs histoires individuelles permettent de restituer la logique organique de cet ensemble complexe et mouvant à travers lequel circulent des nouvelles. Celles-ci sont analysées du point de vue matériel de leur support et de leur acheminement, mais aussi en fonction de leur contenu, qui varie selon les circonstances et les tensions politiques du moment. La circulation et les mutations de l’information ont sur la diplomatie des incidences qu’il faut évaluer. De plus, elles reflètent des idées politiques et révèlent des codes, des symboles, des représentations et des comportements particuliers. La mise en scène de l’information devient alors un objet d’étude fondamental
In 1631, Mary de’ Médici (1573-1642), queen mother of the French king, opposed to Richelieu’s government, precipitately leaves the kingdom to find shelter at the court of Brussels. Until her death in 1642, she never succeeds, in spite of many attempts, to be allowed to come back to France. She lives in the Spanish Netherlands from 1631 to 1639. Then, after a short passage through the United Provinces, she stays in London until 1641, to move out again to Cologne, where she finally dies. Whereas the Thirty Years War tears Europe to pieces, Mary de’ Médici weaves bonds not only with foreign princes, but also with other French banned emigrants, such as Gaston of Orleans or the duchess of Chevreuse. The study of this outstanding situation reveals official or secret networks, which are built up and undone around those emigrants. The making and good working of those networks are ensured by a pool of ambassadors, courtiers, servants, who have various profiles and follow different purposes. By rebuilding the individual stories of these men, we can disclose the organic logic of this complex and moving party, in which the news arise and flow. We try to provide an analysis from the point of view of the material support and routing of information, but also according to its content, which may vary following the peculiar circumstances and political issues. The circulation and changes of the news affect the diplomatic deeds in a way that must be investigated and explained. Moreover, information, as a mirror of political thoughts, is reflecting codes, symbols, representations and behaviors. Therefore, the setting and showing of information can be seen as a significant matter for political studies
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27

Franconie, Grégoire. "Le lys et la cocarde : la construction d'une dynastie nationale sous la monarchie de juillet (1830-1848)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010639.

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Après la révolution de 1830, tandis que la légitimité de Louis-Philippe, roi des Français, est contestée par les légitimistes et par les républicains, l'enjeu dynastique est - pour les Orléans - d'articuler la royauté héréditaire au principe de la souveraineté nationale, et d construire pour cette combinaison politique de nouveaux modes d'adhésion. L'enquête sur l'usage politique des baptêmes, mariages et funérailles dans la famille royale met au jour les stratégies discursives et figuratives, les supports médiatiques et la réception des imaginaires et des performances dynastiques. Les représentations des Orléans, comme dynastie fille de saint Louis et de 1789, loin d'être une curiosité anachronique au siècle du progrès, sont le résultat d'un renouvellement et d'une redéfinition des pratiques du passé, interaction entre les intentions des princes et les attentes prescriptives de la nation. Objet d'histoire totale (étudié sous l'angle de l'histoire politique, diplomatique, religieuse et artistique), la fabrique culturelle de la royauté orléaniste, expérimentée pendant la courte période de la monarchie de Juillet, apparaît comme un moment de la culture politique à l'âge romantique
After the Revolution of 1830, while the legitimacy of Louis-Philippe, King of the French, has been disputed by the Legitimists and by the Republicans, the Orléans family has to combine hereditary monarchy and national sovereignty, and build for this dynastic pattern new ways of popular approval.The political use of royal baptisms, weddings and funerals reveals the discursive and representational strategies, the media support and the reception of the dynastic performances. The representations of the House of Orléans as the heir of saint Louis and of 1789, far from being an anachronistic curiosity in the century of progress, are the results of renewed and redefined past practices, which are interactions between dynastic purposes and prescriptive expectations of the Nation. As a political, diplomatic, religious and artistic historic abject, the cultural building of the Orleanist monarchy, which have been experienced du ring the short period of the July Monarchy, appears as a moment of political culture in the romantic age
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28

Chéry, Aurore. "L'image de Louis XV et Louis XVI entre tradition et création : statégies figuratives et inscription dans l'espace public, 1715-1793." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30050.

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L'intérêt scientifique pour l'image de Louis XV et Louis XVI a été jusqu'ici bien moindre que celui manifesté pour celle de leur glorieux ancêtre, Louis XIV. Cette situation a pu être encouragée par une historiographie inclinant à l'hypothèse de la désacralisation de la monarchie au XVIIIe siècle. Il en aurait résulté une dégradation de l'image royale, la monarchie étant incapable de faire face au rôle de plus en plus déterminant joué par la sphère publique. Or, ce travail cherche à montrer que c'est précisément en raison de la prise en compte de l'opinion que cette image royale se redéfinit à cette période, une redéfinition qui apparaissait d'autant plus nécessaire après la défaite dans la Guerre de Sept Ans. C'est bientôt la représentation d'un roi simple et bienfaisant, inspirée par Stanislas Leszczynski, qui s'impose et qui contribue à la popularité de Louis XVI pendant son règne. Ainsi, la représentation royale évolue en se donnant de nouveaux modèles. Elle tire en outre parti d'une multiplicité de supports de diffusion dont la démocratisation permet de toucher un large public. Enfin, cette image ne se conçoit plus sans un nouvel acteur : la presse qui sert à la fois à promouvoir l'iconographie royale, à préciser son sens et à lui donner consistance
Up to now, scholarly studies have shown less interest in the image of Louis XV and Louis XVI than in the one of their glorious ancestor, Louis XIV. This situation may have been encouraged by a historiography fostering the hypothesis of the desacralization of the monarchy in the 18th century. It would have led to a degradation of the royal image, with the monarchy being unable to face up to the growing influence of the public sphere. Yet, this dissertation tries to show that it precisely was because public opinion was taken into account that the royal image was redifined at the period. It appeared all the more necessary after the defeat in the Seven Years War. Soon afterwards, the representation of a simple and benevolent king, inspired by Stanislas Leszczynski, began to prevail and contributed much to the popularity of Louis XVI during his reign. Thus, the royal representation evolved and refered to new models. It also made good use of the democratization of multiple diffusion mediums enabling it to reach a larger public. Finally, the royal image could not be contemplated without paying attention to a major new actor: the press. It was used to promote the new royal iconography but it also precised its meaning and gave it some intellectual substance
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29

Pépin, Guilhem. "The relationship between the kings of England and their role as dukes of Aquitaine and their Gascon subjects : forms, processes and substance of a dialogue (1275-1453)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670166.

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30

KISER, EDGAR VANCE. "KINGS AND CLASSES: CROWN AUTONOMY, STATE POLICIES, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN WESTERN EUROPEAN ABSOLUTISMS (ENGLAND, FRANCE, SWEDEN, SPAIN)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184073.

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This dissertation explores the role of Absolutist states in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in Western Europe. Three general questions are addressed: (1) what are the determinants of variations in the autonomy of rulers? (2) what are the consequences of variations in autonomy for states policies? and (3) what are the effects of various state policies on economic development? A new theoretical framework, based on a synthesis of the neoclassical economic literature on principal-agent relations and current organizational theory in sociology, is developed to answer these three questions. Case studies of Absolutism in England, France, Sweden, and Spain are used to illustrate the explanatory power of the theory.
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31

Dressel, Susan. "The Once and Future Queen: Examining the Importance of Feminist Readings of Wace’s Roman de Brut." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/704.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
English Literature
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32

Nardeux, Bruno. "Une "forêt" royale au Moyen Age : Le pays de Lyons, en Normandie (vers 1100 - vers 1450)." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR086.

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Alors que la forêt de Lyons est souvent assimilée à une simple forêt-frontière, dix années d’enquête nous obligent à modifier radicalement cette définition géo-historique. Il faut dire qu’entre temps, il a fallu reconsidérer la notion même de forêt qui désignait au haut Moyen Âge, non pas de grandes étendues boisées, mais tout au contraire un espace fortement humanisé où coexistent futaies et taillis, landes et prairies, champs et villages. De cette grande forêt médiévale de Lyons – la plus importante de Normandie avec ses 30 000 ha – entièrement dévolue à l’usage et aux besoins de son détenteur ducal ou royal se dégage alors un pays, lui-même fruit de la sédimentation de quatre espaces nettement identifiés, entre 1100 et 1450. Des multiples séjours des Plantagenêts puis des Capétiens, attestés par plus de 500 chartes signées en forêt de Lyons entre 1100 et 1400 et justifiées soit par la chasse (espace résidentiel), soit par la guerre (espace militaire) résultent en effet un espace politique qui explique la fortune étonnante d’au moins deux favoris issus du pays de Lyons : Guillaume de Longchamps, chancelier d’Angleterre sous Richard Cœur de Lion et Enguerrand de Marigny, le familier de Philippe le Bel. S’ajoutent à cela tous les revenus qu’un espace économique comme la forêt de Lyons procure à son détenteur, en se rappelant l’importance prise par le bois dans l’économie médiévale. En définitive, l’on découvre ainsi que ce pays a fini par produire un véritable écosystème d’une résilience à toute épreuve jusqu’à ce que les années sombres de la fin de la Guerre de cent ans finissent par avoir raison de cet âge d’or qu’a représenté le Moyen Âge pour la forêt de Lyons
Although the forest of Lyons is often defined simply as a border forest, ten years of research has enabled me to make a radical change to this old geographical definition. My reconsideration of even the concept of “forest,” shows that, in the High Middle Ages, the word meant not large stretches of woodlands but, instead, a well-developed space, where timberlands, thickets, heaths, pastures, cultivated fields, and villages coexisted. The medieval forest of Lyons, the most important in all Normandy with its 30,000 hectares, was entirely devoted to the use and necessities of its ducal or royal title-holder, and it emerged as a pays formed by the coalescence of four distinct spaces between 1100 and 1450. The many sojourns of the Plantagenets and then the Capetians — due to hunting (residential space) and various wars (military space) — are documented by more than 500 acts signed in the forest of Lyons between 1100 and 1400. These sojourns produced a political space that explains the stunning careers of at least two royal favorites, natives of the pays of Lyons: William Longchamp, chancellor under Richard the Lionheart, and Enguerrand de Marigny, chief minister of Philip the Fair. Since wood was a necessity in medieval times, the forest of Lyons was also an important economic space because it earned significant revenue for its title-holder. All things considered, it is clear that the pays of Lyons produced a true ecosystem able to survive all hardships until the dark, final period of the Hundred Years War put an end to the Golden Age that the Middle Ages had brought to the forest of Lyons
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33

Guinand, Julien. "Faire la guerre pour le roi aux portes de l'Italie : (1515-1559)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2109.

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La pratique de la guerre de l’armée royale sous François Ier et Henri II a longtemps été perçue dans l’historiographie comme peu adaptée à un art militaire moderne vu comme associé à l’usage des armes à feu de l’infanterie. Le poids des traditions chevaleresques ainsi que le manque d’un art militaire approfondi sont vus comme décisifs dans ce manque d’innovation. À l’opposé, un autre courant historiographique perçoit cette pratique de la guerre comme plus violente, car plus moderne avec un emploi de fantassins et de mercenaires laissant libre court à une culture du carnage et à un ensauvagement encore jamais vu. Elle s’oppose ainsi à la guerre médiévale jugée comme plus contrôlée. Ce travail questionne alors toute la praxis de la guerre des gens du roi et de ses peuples afin de trouver la juste mesure de leur engagement. Le choix du théâtre d’opérations des portes de l’Italie, entre le Rhône et le Pô, à la frontière sud-est du royaume de France est arrêté comme espace d’étude. Sa marginalité géographique et l’âpreté de son relief offrent une situation atypique pour envisager le fait guerrier. Comme il y est poussé dans ses retranchements humains, matériels et logistiques, il nous permet d’envisager toutes ses facettes. Le service de tous répond aux impératifs militaires et aux efforts de guerre attendus. Il est surtout intéressé et vécu de façons collective et indivuelle. Il n’est pas improvisé par simple témérité. Il est à comprendre dans les échanges des hommes et des corps constitués avec la Couronne et le roi. Il laisse donc percevoir l’organisation des compétences entre l’État monarchique et les autorités locales. Il met à jour leurs évolutions. Enfin, il concerne la foule des gens engagés dans le métier des armes et des non-combattants qui vivent les épreuves des affrontements. Cette étude est donc celle d’une société en guerre affrontant la conjoncture militaire avec ses héritages et ses innovations et rejetant l’idée d’une opposition binaire entre guerre médiévale et guerre moderne
War in the royal army under Francis I and Henry II has long been perceived in historiography as poorly adapted to modern military requirements, which are closely associated with the use of firearms and the infantry. The weight of the chivalrous traditions and the lack of a complex military art seem decisive in this lack of innovation. On the other hand, another historiographical movement sees this practice of war as more violent and modern, with the use of foot soldiers and mercenaries giving rise to a culture of carnage and a level of savagery never seen before. It is thus opposed to medieval warfare, which was more controlled in appearance.This work questions the praxis of war of the king’s men and population in order to find the right level of their commitment. The Italian border, between the Rhone and the Po, in the southeastern part of the kingdom of France was chosen as the theatre of operations to be studied in this work. Its geographical marginality and the harshness of its relief offer an atypical situation to study the war in its complexity. Human, material, and logistical resources tested to their limits allow us to consider all the aspects of war. Everyone’s service can only be the result of a careful thought process. It mirrors the military imperatives and the expected war effort, and it is lived in both collectively and individually. It is not improvised by mere temerity. It is to be understood through the exchanges between men and State bodies comprising the Crown and the King. It thus reveals the organization of competences between the monarchical State and the local authorities. It updates their evolutions. Lastly, it concerns the crowd of people engaged in the military and non-combatants alike, who experience the ordeals of confrontations. The latter participated in making them live their conflicts through that of the king. This study is therefore that of a society at war confronting military conjunctures with its legacy and innovations, and it rejects the idea of a binary opposition between medieval war and modern war
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34

Davies, Kerrith. "Winning the West : the creation of lower Normandy, c.889-c.1087." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6024c204-0ba1-4f3a-b582-4c63835103b2.

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This thesis re-evaluates the chronology of Lower Normandy’s integration into the duchy growing around Rouen from the tenth century onwards. The introduction argues that modern accounts of Normandy’s development remain dependent on the works of Dudo of Saint-Quentin and Flodoard of Rheims. Difficulties with these authors and alternative approaches to Normandy’s early history are identified. It is argued that regional distinctions throughout the later duchy hindered efforts to bring about political cohesion. Chapters One and Two identify the ninth-century Breton occupation and early tenth-century Scandinavian settlement of Lower Normandy as the twin sources of ongoing regional divisions. The early dukes’ interest in and influence over the west are also called into question. Chapters Three and Four instead posit that ducal interest in Lower Normandy was a product of the late tenth century, with direct intervention following in the favourable circumstances of the early eleventh century. Ducal success in this period depended upon the co-operation of regional aristocrats and ecclesiastical institutions and continuing constraints on Rouen’s influence and authority are emphasised. Chapter Five argues that Robert the Magnificent was a more assertive ruler, who actively strengthened ducal authority in Lower Normandy in spite of renewed opposition. Chapter Six considers how rebellion against William the Conqueror in 1047 reveals growing local interest in the conduct of ducal government. Victory allowed William to consolidate ducal authority in Lower Normandy, encouraging further expansion beyond its borders. Local landholders, however, resultantly received little direct ducal patronage, including scant reward in the post-Conquest settlement of England. In conclusion, while Lower Normandy had been brought firmly under ducal control by 1087, it is argued that it was only under William’s son, Henry I, that the region’s aristocrats acquired any major influence over ducal policy and secured an equal position within the wider Anglo-Norman nobility.
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35

Chartain, Lucile. "Le cinéma allemand contemporain en France : la production de l'image d'un autre." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB208.

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Notre travail de thèse de sociologie présente le passage du cinéma allemand en France depuis 1990, de sa sphère de production jusqu'à sa sphère de réception individuelle. Il mobilise les études sur la culture de l'École de Francfort ainsi que les apports de la sociologie de la réception, et s'appuie sur une enquête empirique menée auprès d'acteurs de la branche de production allemande et de spectateurs français. La production contemporaine est traversée par des mutations qui convergent pour générer un paysage cinématographique plus diversifié. L'apparition d'une voie médiane entre cinéma commercial et cinéma d'auteur, les « divertissements de qualité », principalement représentés par les films historiques à caractère authentique, favorise une reconnexion du cinéma allemand avec son public local et international. Les instances d'exportation déploient une nouvelle politique de visibilité polarisée autour de cette voie médiane, valorisée en tant que marchandise culturelle. La réputation du cinéma allemand auprès des distributeurs français est revalorisée, mais s'opère selon un mode conformiste qui tend à privilégier les motifs historiques et à exclure les comédies allemandes des écrans français. Cette orientation guide des horizons d'attente spectatoriels en termes de cinéma historique de qualité, crédible et fiable. Cette catégorisation de la germanité filmique mène alors au réinvestissement actif de visions du monde plus ou moins stéréotypées par rapport à l'Autre. Cette réception favorise en outre la matérialisation de phénomènes abstraits, liés à une expérience généralisée de l'altérité, entre germanité et universalité
This PhD presents the mechanisms of the appearance of German cinema in France since 1990, from its sphere of production to its individual reception. How can contemporary German cinema support new forms of encounter with the Other for French spectators? The analysis draws on the studies of culture undertaken by the Frankfurt School, as well as on contributions from the sociology of cinema and its reception. It also builds on empirical research conducted with major stakeholders : people working in German production on the one hand, and French spectators on the other. Since 1990 the production of German cinema has undergone changes resulting in the creation of a more productive film landscape. The rise in production has led to an increased export of German cinema, notably to France. This is a contradictory development: it has admittedly allowed a diversification in the nature of movies screened, but this diversification has been based on conformist approaches, smoothing out any heterogeneity. The export and advertising of the productions has tended to support historical themes whilst German comedies have been excluded from French screens in a self-fulfilling prophecy. The reception of contemporary German cinema has then led to an active reinvestment in more or less stereotypical worldviews of the Other. The encounter with German cinema has also fluctuated between being an experience of Germany and an experience of the world. The exoticism of German cinema has been too subtle to have any direct impact on the representation of the Other. Its influence has occurred implicitly on intertwined levels: on iconographic images, societal representations, as well as meta-representations
Die Dissertation aus dem Fachbereich Soziologie stellt die Passagen des deutschen Kinos in Frankreich seit 1990 dar - von der Produktionssphäre bis hin zur individuellen Rezeption. Hierbei bedient sie sich sowohl an den Kulturstudien der Frankfurter Schule als auch an den Beiträgen der Rezeptionssoziologie. Des weiteren basiert sie auf einer empirischen Studie, die die Sichtweise von Akteuren der deutschen Produktionsbranche und französischer Konsumenten analysiert. Die zeitgenössische Produktion zeichnet sich durch diverse Mutationen aus, deren Kreuzung zu einer vielfältigeren Kinolandschaft führt. Die Entstehung einer Schnittmenge aus kommerziellem Kino und Autorenfilmen, die zu einer qualitativ hochwertigen Unterhaltung führt, basiert überwiegend auf Historienfilme mit authentischem Charakter und führt zu einem Rückschluss auf das deutsche Kino auf lokaler und internationaler Ebene. Der Export der Filme, die durchaus als Kulturgut wahrgenommen werden, trägt zu einer polarisierten Sichtweise bei. Das deutsche Kino wird aus der Sicht französischer Händler neu bewertet, bedient sich jedoch dabei einer sehr konformistischen Art und Weise, die dazu neigt, sich an historischen Filmen zu bedienen und deutsche Komödien auszugrenzen. Dies führt dazu, dass der französische Zuschauer, von seinem Nachbarn, qualitativ hochwertige Historienfilme erwartet. Diese Kategorisierung von Deutschtum in Filmen führt zu einer Art Stereotypisierung im Hinblick auf den Anderen. Diese Rezeption fördert wiederum die Materalisierung abstrakter Phänomene, die an einer generalisierten Erfahrung des Andersseins bezüglich Deutschtum und Universalität anknüpft
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36

Kim, Lauren J. "French royal acts printed before 1601." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/463.

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This thesis is a study of royal acts printed in French before 1601. The kingdom of France is a natural place to begin a study of royal acts. It possessed one of the oldest judicial systems in Europe, which had been established during the reign of St Louis (1226-1270). By the sixteenth century, French kings were able to issue royal acts without any concern as to the distribution of their decrees. In addition, France was one of the leading printing centres in Europe. This research provides the first detailed analysis of this neglected category of texts, and examines the acts’ significance in French legal, political and printing culture. The analysis of royal acts reveals three key historical practices regarding the role of printing in judiciary matters and public affairs. The first is how the French crown communicated to the public. Chapters one and two discuss the royal process of dissemination of edicts and the language of royal acts. The second is how printers and publishers manoeuvred between the large number of royal promulgations and public demand. An overview of the printing industry of royal acts is provided in chapter three and the printers of these official documents are covered in chapter four. The study of royal acts also indicates which edicts were published frequently. The last two chapters examine the content of royal decrees and discuss the most reprinted acts. Chapter five explores the period before 1561 and the final chapter discusses the last forty years of the century. An appendix of all royal acts printed before 1601, which is the basis of my research for this study, is included. It is the first comprehensive catalogue of its kind and contains nearly six thousand entries of surviving royal acts printed before 1601.
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Andrade, Daniela Elias Goulart de. ""Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças de escolas públicas e privadas do ensino fundamental da cidade de Franca-SP e alguns fatores de risco associados"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-18092006-162308/.

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Nas últimas décadas houve aumento significativo na prevalência da obesidade nos países desenvolvidos e vem crescendo também naqueles em desenvolvimento, tornando-se um dos principais problemas de saúde pública. A importância do diagnóstico e tratamento da obesidade em fases precoces da vida justifica-se, pois ela favorece alterações metabólicas que se tornam mais graves quanto maior o grau de obesidade e o tempo de sua instalação. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o estado nutricional de escolares do ensino fundamental de escolas da rede pública e privada da cidade de Franca-SP e conhecer a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade, investigando possíveis associações entre componente alimentar, atividade física e nível sócioconomico dos mesmos, fatores considerados como possíveis influentes da obesidade, tornando-se necessário intervir com um programa de educação alimentar antes que a doença se agrave. Foram avaliados 492 alunos de ambos os sexos com idades entre 6 e 10 anos matriculados da 1a a 4a séries do ensino fundamental de escolas particulares, estaduais e municipais da cidade de Franca–SP, através de avaliação nutricional com coleta de dados antropométricos (peso e altura) e aplicação de um questionário sobre hábitos alimentares, atividade física e condição sócio-econômica elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Foi encontrado que 59,6% das crianças estudadas são eutróficas; 15,8% se encontram nas classificações de baixo peso e 24,6% foram classificadas como excesso de peso, onde 11,6% possuem sobrepeso e 13,0% obesidade. Os dados vão de encontro à literatura, porém, a prevalência da obesidade parece ser maior que os últimos achados. Houve uma associação do nível sócioconomico com a prevalência de excesso de peso, com predominância nas escolas particulares (37,4%), em relação às escolas estaduais (23,7%) e municipais (18,9%) (p=0,004). Destaca-se que 28,0% dos sujeitos obesos estão matriculados em escolas particulares. Das 492 crianças avaliadas, 56,5% realizam apenas a prática desportiva oferecida no currículo escolar. Os sujeitos classificados como eutrófico/baixo peso realizam uma freqüência mais adequada de atividade física (68,6%), se comparados com os classificados como sobreopeso/obesidade (34,4%). No que se refere aos hábitos alimentares, a preferência alimentar de 38,4% é de alimentos do grupo energético extra e 72,9% tem como alimentos que menos gostam aqueles do grupo de reguladores. A informação que o excesso de peso está instalado em aproximadamente 25% da população estudada, que o sedentarismo é a realidade da maioria das crianças, que a preferência em sua alimentação são os alimentos fontes de energia extra, enquanto, aqueles que são fontes de vitaminas, sais minerais e fibras são os de menor preferência, traz grande preocupação, tornando-se necessário desenvolver um programa de incentivo a prática de atividade e de reeducação alimentar com as crianças estudadas e suas respectivas famílias, com o objetivo de reduzir as taxas de obesidade encontradas e prevenir que esta instale nesta população.
Over the last decades, the significant increase of the prevalence of obesity in developed and developing countries has become one of the most important public health problems. The relevance of the diagnostic and treatment of obesity during early ages is justified, because it contributes to metabolic changes that are more severe in higher obesity levels and earlier installation periods. The goal of this study was to evaluate eating habits, physical activity and social and economical environment of elementary school students, factors which possibly influence obesity and require intervention by means of an eating education program before the disease gets even worse. 492 students from 1a to 4a grades of private, local and state elementary schools were evaluated in Franca-SP, through nutritional assessment, collection of anthropometrical data (weight and height) and application of a survey about eating habits, physical activity and socioeconomic conditions developed by the examiners. It was noticed that 59.6% of the observed children had normal nutritional conditions; 15.8% were classified as underweight and 24.6 were classified as overweight, where 11.6% were considered overweight and 13.0%, obese. The data confirm literature, although the prevalence of obesity seems to be higher than the last findings. It has been verified that, even without statistic association, in our sample the boys were more obese than girls, what has been corroborated by the literature. There was an association between the socioeconomic level and the prevalence of overweight, mostly in private schools (37.4%) when comparing to state schools (23.7%) and municipal schools (18.9%) (p=0,004). It is important to highlight that 28.0% of obese subjects attend private schools. Among 492 children studied, 56.5% practiced only the sport activities offered in the school program. The subjects who were classified as with normal nutritional conditions/ underweight used to practice physical activities in a more satisfactory frequency (68.6%) if compared to the classified as overweight/obese (34.4%). Regarding to eating habits, the eating preferences to 38.4% were provisions of the extra energetic group and 72.9% chose as the least appreciated the food belonging to the regulatory group. There was not an association between the quality of the food during the meals throughout the day, however this fact does not indicate that the children’s feeding is adequate. The information that overweight is reflected in ¼ of the studied population, that sedentary lifestyle is a reality to most of the children, that their food preferences are meals with extra energetic supply, while, those who are vitamin suppliers, mineral supplement and fibers are less preferred, brings great concern, requiring the development of a program to motivate the practice of physical activity and eating reeducation with the studied children and their families, aiming at reducing the obesity rates and at preventing that it remains on this population.
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38

Traill, Vanessa Josephine. "The social & political networks of the Anglo-Norman aristocracy : the Clare, Giffard & Tosny Kin-groups, c.940 to c.1200." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4341/.

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Over the last twenty years, the analysis of social networks has become an increasingly significant tool for sociologists, anthropologists and historians alike. Network analysis has not yet, however, been adopted extensively by historians of ducal Normandy or the Anglo-Norman realm. Although there has been some useful work on specific families or political groups, these have tended to artificially isolate networks from one another and from their broader social milieux. It has become clear that these problems can only be addressed by both inter and intra network analysis over a broader time frame, and that those networks themselves must also be conceived in broad terms. This thesis therefore considers three aristocratic kin-groups of significant contemporary and subsequent importance; the Clares, Giffards, and Tosnys, and includes both their cadet branches and their in-laws. All three groups are examined in terms of their kinship structures, their roles as lords and vassals, and their relationships to the church. While much of the material is Anglo-Norman, the chronological range extends from c.940 to c.1200. The aim has been to produce a fuller picture of how all three great family enterprises were constituted, developed, interacted with one another and were embedded within society, and to acknowledge that no man, and indeed, no kin-group, is an island entire of itself.
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Schwieger, Florian. "The Spaces of History: Francis Parkman's Literary Landscapes and the Formation of the American Cosmos." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/74.

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It is the aim of this dissertation to discuss the creation of historiographic space in the works of Francis Parkman. More specifically, this dissertation intends to analyze Parkman’s The Oregon Trail and Montcalm and Wolfe as literary texts that examine geographies of cultural interaction and transnational empire building. Parkman’s historical narratives, this dissertation suggests, not only describe historically significant sites, such as the Oregon Trail and the Northern Frontier, but further create literary heterotopias. These textual counter geographies, as for instance his conceptualizations of the trading posts of the far West and the wilderness fortifications of the far North, allow Parkman to effectively interrogate American history. By investigating the fruitful juncture between history, geography, and literature this project aims to establish the importance of historical geographies for Francis Parkman’s methodology and define its function for the creation of a national consciousness. In addition to Parkman’s use of space, this dissertation further analyzes the historian’s depiction of historical characters and his subsequent attempts to define American identity. Thereby, my analysis specifically highlights the relationship between Parkman’s literary characters and their environment. In an attempt to trace the impact Parkman’s historical narratives exert on postmodern authors of American literature, the concluding chapters interrogate the re-negotiation of Parkman’s historiographic spaces in Thomas King’s Truth and Bright Water and William T. Vollmann’s Fathers and Crows.
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Depreter, Michaël. "Estoit moult belle et poissant: artillerie, artisans et pouvoir princier dans les pays bourguignons, v. 1450-1493." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209260.

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Consacrée à l’organisation de l’artillerie des ducs de Bourgogne, cette thèse met en perspective la modernisation du matériel et la professionnalisation du personnel de l’arme au cours de la seconde moitié du XVe siècle. Les transformations fondamentales auxquelles l’artillerie est alors sujette, définissant largement son utilisation pour les trois siècles à venir, semblent tributaires de décisions politiques autant sinon plus que d’évolutions techniques que le pouvoir princier devait stimuler.

En une première partie sont analysés les modes de décision, de financement et de contrôle d’une arme en plein essor. L’implication personnelle des ducs, Charles le Hardi/Téméraire en tête, est patente. Mais, le développement d’une administration particulière s’impose. La spécialisation de ce personnel est révélée par l’analyse prosopographique. L’artillerie acquiert alors une certaine autonomie au niveau de la gestion des stocks matériels et des ressources financières et humaines.

La seconde partie est consacrée au matériel. Les politiques d’acquisition des armes à feu, des munitions et du matériel auxiliaire (affûts, manteaux, outillage divers) témoignent d’une prise en main progressive de la production :on assiste à l’émergence, encore timide certes, d’une première « industrie d’État ». Quittant le château ducal, le parc d’artillerie des princes bourguignons rejoint des lieux plus adaptés à son stockage, à son entretien, voire à sa fabrication :c’est la naissance de l’arsenal moderne – un des premiers à l’échelle de l’Europe occidentale. Il est alors possible, pour les gestionnaires comme pour l’historien, d’évaluer la puissance de frappe des ducs. Celle-ci est tributaire de deux facteurs :le nombre de bouches à feu, d’une part, la standardisation des calibres, influençant les cadences de tir, de l’autre. Tant au niveau quantitatif que qualitatif, l’état-major bourguignon mène de réels efforts qui doivent permettre à l’artillerie ducale d’éluder les inconvénients politiques et militaires d’un emprunt aux communes et aux seigneurs.

Le troisième volet de l’étude concerne les hommes animant les structures de l’artillerie. Il s’agit d’un ensemble d’artisans-soldats ayant un rôle dans la conception, la fabrication et la manipulation de l’arme. Les modalités de leur recrutement révèlent la volonté du pouvoir princier de s’attacher les meilleurs spécialistes. Un corps ordinaire aux effectifs encore minces, certes, est alors constitué, complété en temps de guerre par un appel aux métiers urbains et par la réquisition d’une abondante main-d’œuvre sur le pays.

Au final, si le gouvernement de Philippe le Bon en révèle les prémices, l’émergence de nouvelles conceptions relatives à la gestion d’une arme en pleine croissance doit attendre le règne de Charles le Hardi. L’efficacité de l’artillerie ducale, devenant un véritable instrument au service du pouvoir central, devait s’en trouver accrue. Pourtant, suite aux défaites de ce duc, un recul des conceptions de l’arme est perceptible. Sans pour autant abandonner entièrement la poursuite des visées de son prédécesseur, Maximilien doit composer avec des moyens financiers et humains inférieurs. Le pouvoir central devint alors à nouveau plus dépendant des pouvoirs communaux et seigneuriaux avec lesquels il fallait négocier, dans le domaine de l’artillerie comme en tant d’autres…


Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Murray, Frances. "The representation of weeping rulers in the early Middle Ages." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15646.

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This thesis examines the representation of weeping rulers in early medieval sources, focusing on the Carolingian empire between 790 and 888. The meanings applied to tears are culturally specific: thus, exploring how, why, when and where rulers cried can illuminate the dynamics of power and ideals of kingship in this period. This thesis provides a survey of a poorly understood phenomenon. It also challenges several assumptions about the nature of early medieval power. Rulers wept not only over their own sins (a well-recognised phenomenon), but also over the sins of others and out of a desire for heavenly glory. Thus, they wept in a ‘monastic' or ‘priestly' way. This was something associated more with certain rulers than others. As such, tears can be used as a lens through which developments in ideas about the relationship between secular rulers and the ecclesiastical hierarchy can be traced. The thesis is divided into six sections. The historiographical importance of this topic is discussed in the introduction. Chapter one assesses the understanding of tears in biblical, Roman and Merovingian sources. Chapter two focuses on the representation of tears in texts associated with the court of Charlemagne (d. 814). Chapter three explores how authors loyal to Louis the Pious (d. 840) used tears to respond to criticisms of him and his wife, the Empress Judith (d. 843). Chapter four turns to exegetical material written between 820 and 860 and examines how biblical rulers were represented weeping. In particular, the reception of these previously unrecognised images in royal courts and their influence on narrative sources will be considered. Chapter five explores sources from the later ninth century, focusing particularly on the writings of Hincmar of Reims (d. 882) and Notker of St Gall (d. 912). Chapter six considers tears in three case studies drawn from post=Carolingian sources. Finally the concluding section outlines the significance of this thesis for our understanding of Carolingian and post Carolingian political culture and the history of weeping in the middle ages.
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Docq, Sébastien. "Essai sur le renouveau de la notion d'apport en droit des sociétés." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010261.

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Donnée à la fois économique et juridique, l’apport en société demeure de façon constante une condition indispensable à la formation du contrat de société. Ces dernières années l’obligation d’apporter a pu être réduite à son strict minimum. Cela signifie-il pour autant son éradication du droit des sociétés ? À vrai dire, ce serait plutôt l’inverse. Une telle affirmation implique cependant de comprendre les évolutions subies par cette notion centrale du droit des sociétés. Pour cela, il importe d’en comprendre sa définition. L’apport en société désigne un acte et un objet. Il est un acte juridique d‘affectation de ressources permettant à la société de réaliser son objet social. En outre, il désigne un objet, ce qui correspond à la substance de ce qui est mis en société, du numéraire, un bien ou l’industrie. Le droit français des sociétés entretient un attachement historique à la corporalité des biens. Pour preuve, une hiérarchie des apports s’instaure et relègue l’apporteur en industrie, exclu du capital social, au rang du plus petit des associés. Faisant fi de sa contribution économique, cette approche peut être dépassée. Autrement dit, l’essor de l’économie dématérialisée suppose de rétablir la place de l’apporteur en industrie dans le contrat de société. En outre, affirmer qu’une société peut fonctionner sans apport ignore la contribution économique des apports non formalisés, tel est le cas de la notoriété. Cette évolution du droit suscite une exacerbation de la difficulté à évaluer son contenu. Elle implique la mise en œuvre de solutions nouvelles. La sophistication à l’infini des méthodes d’évaluations ne saurait constituer une réponse adaptée à cette problématique émergente. La contrepartie de l’apport constituée par la remise de droits sociaux peut s’adapter, notamment par la reconnaissance d’une contrepartie formée d’options de souscriptions d’actions. Ces titres répondent à l’indétermination de la valeur de certains biens et appréhendent de façon plus satisfaisante le potentiel économique. Il demeure donc possible de rémunérer un apport en nature par des bons de souscription d’actions
Being an economic and a legal data, the capital contribution remains a prerequisite for the creation of the partnership agreement. In recent years, the obligation to bring such contribution has been reduced to a minimum. Does this mean it was removed from company law ? The French company law maintains ahistorical attachment to the physicality of the goods. As proof, the different kinds of contributions are ranked. According to this hierarchy, sweat equity contributor is not recognized in the share capital, and is even relegated to the rank of the smallest partner. Ignoring its economic contribution, this contribution may be considered as out of fashion. In other words, the rise of cloud economy implies reconsidering the position of sweat equity in the partnership agreement. Moreover, asserting that a company may operate without any input ignores the economic contribution of non-formal inputs, such as notoriety. This evolution of the law creates an exacerbation of the difficulties in assessing its content and implies finding new solutions. The infinite sophistication of assessment methods shall not constitute an appropriate answer to this arising issue. The consideration for the contribution made by the procurement of social rights can be adapted, as an instance by providing share purchase warrants. These securities follow the principle of indeterminacy of the value of certain goods and apprehend more satisfactorily the economic potential. Thus, it remains possible to compensate a contribution in kind with share purchase warrants
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43

Bolton, Anthony J. ""The Best Form of Assistance Always is the Kind That Enables Folks to Help Themselves": Public Reaction to the New Deal in Hancock, Seneca, and Wood Counties of Ohio." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1617017851410995.

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44

Gamess, Eline. "Proposition pour une mixité réussie entre les hommes et les femmes dans les sphères de décision et de direction : Étude comparative entre la Martinique et le Québec." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGUY0846/document.

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Au XXIème siècle, en France, en Martinique, au Québec, le monde du travail se caractérise encore par des inégalités professionnelles persistantes. La non mixité dans la fonction de direction générale ou autrement dit, la ségrégation verticale professionnelle dans l’entreprise serait-elle un invariant quels que soient les contextes ? Les référentiels culturels du dirigeant et du décideur demeurent encore masculins. Les représentations qui se sont construites sur les rôles sociaux des femmes et des hommes dans le travail se sont vite et durablement condensées en stéréotypes négatifs à l’égard des femmes.A partir de la théorie du noyau central d’Abric il semblait opportun de chercher à identifier les principaux déterminants qui ont présidé à la construction de ces stéréotypes. Ce noyau dur serait constitué de déterminismes historiques symboliques et sociaux. S’intéresser à la « déconstruction » des stéréotypes sexués en défaveur des femmes constitue un moyen de repenser l’action collective pour agir plus efficacement en matière de mixité professionnelle. En effet, plusieurs travaux ont montré que, sous certaines conditions, les éléments centraux d’une représentation pouvaient être sensibles à des informations venant les contredire. Réussir la mixité professionnelle entre les femmes et les hommes dans la fonction de direction générale des entreprises requiert, tant de la part de la politique gouvernementale que de celle des ressources humaines, des actions fortes relevant des enjeux de l’élimination des stéréotypes et de déconstruction du rôle social assigné à la femme depuis des millénaires
In the 20th Century, in France, Martinique and Québec, the world of Work is still characterized by persistent professional disparities. Should the not-mixing be an invariant whatever the contexts, in the general managerial function, or in other words, the professional vertical segregation in the company ?The Manager’s and decider’s cultural reference tables remain still male. The representations built by themselves on the women and men social roles in work area are quickly and durably condensed in negative stereotypes against the women.From the theory of the central core of Abric (abric’score), it seems appropriate to try to identify the main determinants which presided over the construction of these stereotypes. This hard core would be constituted by symbolic and social historic determinism. Be interested in the "demolition" of the sexual stereotypes against the women establishes a way to rethink the collective action to act more effectively in regards to professional mixing. Indeed, several works showed that under certain conditions, the central elements of a representation could be sensitive to information coming to contradict them.To make a success of the professional mixing between the women and men in the general managerial function of companies requires so much on behalf of the government policy, a that of the human resources, strong actions raising stakes in the elimination of stereotypes and demolition of the social role assigned to the woman since millenniums
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45

Lemon, Joanne Vivian. "The concept of human nature in five vernacular writers of the French Renaissance." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683177.

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46

Bastos, Neto Adalberto. "Verdade e conexão: o modo de presença do atual jornalismo impresso da Folha de S. Paulo e do Estado de S. Paulo." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2194.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:45:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Adalberto Bastos Neto.pdf: 11163530 bytes, checksum: 3c84d754d412b9f20fcfed9bde5f37d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-22
Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
The history of journalism has been determined by technological advances. There were many changes in the journalistic kind of presence of the enunciation caused by the emergence of new media such as radio, television and now the internet. Websites that publish classified documents, like WikiLeaks, and social networks, like Twitter and Facebook, have brought with increasing intensity new ways of thinking and making journalism. The print journalism discourse has been undergoing a reconfiguration that is based on Internet resources. The current media vehicles imply new forms of manifestation and presence in a hybrid fashion. Drawing upon the French Semiotic theory, this paper aims to investigate in the print editions of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo and O Estado de S. Paulo the existence of discursive features from the internet discourse, and thus show under a diachronic perspective some of the changes that reconfigure the discursive kind of presence of these two newspapers.
A história do jornalismo é marcada pelos avanços da tecnologia. Muitas foram as mudanças no modo de presença da enunciação jornalística provocadas pelo surgimento de novos meios de comunicação, como o rádio, a televisão e, agora, a internet. Sites de divulgação de documentos sigilosos como o WikiLeaks, redes sociais, como o Twitter e o Facebook, têm trazido, cada vez com mais intensidade, novas formas de se pensar e de se fazer jornalismo. Existe hoje uma reconfiguração do discurso jornalístico impresso impulsionada pelos recursos da internet. Numa forma de hibridação, os atuais suportes midiáticos implicam em novas formas de manifestação e de presença. Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da semiótica de linha francesa, este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar nas edições impressas dos jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo, a existência de características discursivas provenientes dos discursos da internet e, assim, mostrar, sob uma perspectiva diacrônica, algumas das mudanças discursivas que reconfiguram o modo de presença desses dois jornais.
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Soleymani, Majd Nina. "Lionnes et colombes : les personnages féminins dans le Cycle de Guillaume d’Orange, la Digénide, et le Châhnâmeh de Ferdowsi." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAL024.

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L’objet de ce travail est d’étudier les effets de la présence importante du féminin dans l’épopée médiévale, présence paradoxale dans la mesure où il s’agit de poèmes guerriers fortement empreints de masculinité. L’analyse s’appuie sur trois corpus épiques majeurs de France, de Byzance et de Perse, composés du XIe au XIIIe siècle. L’étude des personnages féminins dans un cadre comparatiste permet de faire ressortir leur degré d’impact sur la diégèse, de mettre en regard leurs relations de subordination mais aussi d’indépendance vis-à-vis de leurs homologues masculins, et de faire la part entre les stéréotypes misogynes et les marques de valorisation au sein des représentations littéraires. Le genre épique ayant été récemment redéfini comme le lieu privilégié de l’affrontement de valeurs sociétales antithétiques à travers l’emploi d’outils narratifs plutôt que conceptuels, nous souhaiterions montrer que ce fonctionnement peut aussi s’appliquer aux normes de genre. Parce que leur intervention au sein de l’action épique devient problématique dès lors qu’elle entre en concurrence avec celle des hommes, les femmes de l’épopée suscitent une remise en question permanente de ces normes. Qu’il soit indirect ou frontal, ce mouvement d’interrogation latent fait émerger une transgression proprement féminine, qui, lorsqu’elle conduit à l’héroïsme, autorise une relecture des œuvres allant à l’encontre des préjugés essentialistes
This work is meant to explore the literary effects of the massive presence of female characters in the medieval epic, despite the paradox it represents, given that these poems deal mainly with war and seem to be primarily concerned with masculinity. The research focuses on three major epics from France, Byzantium and Persia, composed between the 11th and the 13th century. The study of female characters from a comparative point of view emphasizes their impact on the narrative, contrasts their submissiveness with their independance from their male counterparts, and sheds light upon the misogynistic stereotypes as well as the positive appreciations among their literary representations. Since the epic genre has been recently redefined as the ideal locus for the confronting of antithetic social values through the use of narratological tools, rather than conceptual, we would like to show that this can also apply to gender norms. Because their agency becomes problematic as soon as it challenges that of men, women in epics bring on a constant inquiry of those norms. Be it indirect or straightforward, this latent tendency gives rise to a specifically feminine transgression that, when leading to heroism, allows to re-read those works as going against essentialist prejudices
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Bundalo, Anja. "La construction et la déconstruction des modèles de l'absolutisme éclairé dans l'Europe des Lumières." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2019/document.

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Les philosophes français des Lumières se sont évertués, notamment dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle, à préciser les cas où l’inégalité et les limites de la liberté seraient conformes aux lois naturelles afin de proposer les préceptes permettant une vie sociale épanouie. Ce faisant, ils ouvrirent la voie à la formation des absolutismes éclairés qui trouvent leurs racines juridiques dans la théorie du droit naturel. Elaborée pour une large part par Voltaire qui la mettait directement en relation avec l’idéologie des absolutismes « classiques », l’idéologie des absolutismes éclairés avait pour but principal la création d’un Etat fort. Ayant accepté les propositions des philosophes les « rois philosophes » ou « monarques éclairés » fondèrent les justificatifs d’une telle politique sur la langue, la mode, et surtout sur la confiance dans un progrès que la France avait su promouvoir
The French philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment, especially in the second part of the eighteenth century, endeavoured to specify the cases in which inequality and the limitations of freedom would be in accordance with natural laws in order to propose precepts for a blossoming life. By doing so, they opened the way to the formation of enlightened absolutism, a model of government that finds its legal foundations in the Natural Law Theory Developed largely part by Voltaire, who put it in the direct relation with the ideology of “classical” absolutism, the ideology of enlightened absolutism had as its principal goal the creation of a strong state. Having embraced the philosophers’ precepts, the “enlightened monarchs” or “philosopher kings” founded the evidence of such a policy on language, fashion, and especially on the confidence in a progress that France had been able to promote
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Adot, Lerga Álvaro. "Construire les archives. Du temps des Foix-Béarn à celui des rois de Navarre. Pratiques de l'écrit et enjeux de pouvoir." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1033/document.

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Cette thèse de dimension internationale, n'a pas seulement l'objectif de restituer une histoire de la famille Foix-Béarn-Navarre à partir de leurs archives. Il s'agit plutôt de mettre en évidence les liens complexes entre la famille royale de Navarre et ses archives notamment entre le XVe siècle et le XVIIe siècle, en envisageant le statut et le rôle des archives constituées dans la construction de l'histoire, l'identité et la mémoire de cette maison entre la fin du Moyen Âge et le début de la période moderne.Pour la réalisation de cette thèse, nous avons étudié, entre autre, deux volumineux inventaires réalises au XVIe siècle qui nous ont permis de connaitre l'évolution de l'histoire des archives conservés à l'époque dans le trésor du château de Pau. Concrètement ces deux inventaires marquent une époque importante d'auto-affirmation du pouvoir de la famille royale de Navarre, car le premier des ces inventaires fut d'un grand intérêt pour cette famille dans le processus de création d'un État moderne en Béarn, sous le règne d'Henri II de Navarre, et le deuxième (réalise vers 1580-1582) fut le dernier inventaire de la souveraineté, car à partir de l'arrivé d'Henri III de Navarre au trône de France, les archives du trésor de ce château se fossilisèrent.Nous avons souligner au début de cette résumé la dimension internationale du sujet de cette thèse puisqu'une partie des archives de cette maison royale, conservée actuellement dans les ADPA est en étroite relation avec documents gardés à l'heure actuelle dans l'Archivo General de Navarre, situé à Pampelune. Ce sujet a été aussi peu étudiée que l'histoire, l'identité et la mémoire de la famille royale de Navarre sous les règnes de Catherine de Foix (1483-1517) et Henri II (1517-1555).L'organisation des archives fait partie de la construction politique des rois de Navarre, d'une identité politique dans laquelle le Béarn (avec la Navarre) exerce depuis la fin du XVe siècle un rôle prépondérant en tant que territoire indépendant au marge de France. C'est la politique menée par ces rois, qui explique le processus de centralisation dans le chartrier de Pau d'archives procédant de leurs divers domaines (même si la plupart d'entre eux sont des territoires dépendants de la Couronne de France).Enfin, nous voulons citer l'étude réalisé de l'évolution des techniques ou systèmes d'archivage de la documentation du trésor de chartes de Pau dans la longue durée : En ce qui concerne tout d’abord l'évolution des modèles de conservation, classement et description archivistique entre la fin du Moyen Âge et l'époque moderne, se met en place une organisation des archives de plus en plus claire et efficace. L'inventaire de la première moitié du XVIe siècle est divisée par les divers domaines familiales mais nous montre une pauvre organisation pauvre qui ne suit aucun ordre thématique et méthodique dans la façon dont les documents avaient été répertoriés. En revanche, le registre élaboré au début de la décennie 1580 suit une organisation plus méthodique, comme le prouve la division de chaque titre par chapitres thématiques, et la subdivision de chaque chapitre en liasses numérotés. En plus, à la différence des nombreux systèmes de cotation documentaire utilisés par les archivistes dans la première moitié du XVIe siècle, ceux qui ont élaboré l'inventaire du début de la décennie 1580 ont opté pour l’uniformisation d’un système de cotation numérique en chiffres romains.En ce qui concerne l'évolution des modèles de conservation, de classement et de description archivistique, cette étude nous explique aussi les systèmes successifs de cotation de la documentation du trésor de chartes de Pau en fonction des contextes dans lesquels ils ont été réalisés à l’époque moderne et plus particulièrement au XIXe siècle, à l'époque de la naissance de la dénommée comme l'archivistique moderne
This international-wide thesis(theory), has not only the objective to restore a history(story) of the family Foix-Béarn-Navarre from their archives. It is rather a question of highlighting the complex links between the royal family of Navarre and its archives in particular between XVth century and the XVIIth century, by envisaging the status and the role of archives established(constituted) in the construction of the history(story), the identity and the memory of this house between the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of modern period.For the realization of this thesis(theory), we studied, among others, two voluminous inventories realize in the XVIth century who allowed us to know the evolution of the history(story) of archives kept(preserved) in the time(period) in the treasure of the castle of Pau. Concretely these two inventories mark an important time(period) of auto-assertion of the power of the royal family of Navarre, because the first one of these inventories was of a big interest for this family in the process of creation of a modern State with Béarn, under Henri II de Navarre's reign, and the second (realize by 1580-1582) was the last inventory of the sovereignty, because from the arrived of Henri III de Navarre in the throne of France, the archives of the treasure of this castle fossilized.We have to underline at the beginning of this summary the international dimension(size) of the subject of this thesis(theory) because a part(party) of the archives of this royal house, kept(preserved) at present in the ADPA is in narrow relation with documents kept(guarded) at the moment in Archivo General of Navarre, situated in Pamplona. This subject was little studied as well as the history(story), the identity and the memory of the royal family of Navarre under the reigns of Catherine de Foix ( 1483-1517 ) and Henri II ( 1517-1555 ).The organization of archives is a part of the political construction of kings of Navarre, of a political identity in which Béarn (with Navarre) exercises since the end of the XVth century a leading role as independent territory in margin of France. It is the politics led by these kings, that explains the process of centralization in the chartrier of Pau of archives proceeding of their diverse domains (even if most of them are territories dependent on the Crown of France).Finally, we want to quote the study realized by the evolution of techniques or archive systems of the documentation of the treasure of charters of Pau in the long lasting: as regards first of all the evolution of the models of preservation, classification(ranking) and the archival description between the end of the Middle Ages and the modern time(period), is set up an organization of the more and more clear and effective archives. The inventory of the first half of the XVIth century is divided by the diverse domains station wagons but shows us a poor poor organization which follows no thematic and methodical order in the way documents had been listed. On the other hand, the register developed at the beginning of decade 1580 follows a more methodical organization, as proves him(it) the division of every title by thematic chapters, and subdivision of every chapter in bundles numbered. Besides, unlike the numerous systems of documentary quotation used by the archivists in the first half of the XVIth century, those who developed the inventory of the beginning of decade 1580 opted for the standardization of a system of digital quotation in Roman numerals.As regards the evolution of the models of preservation, classification(ranking) and archival description, this study also explains us the successive systems of quotation of the documentation of the treasure of charters of Pau according to the contexts in which they were realized in the modern time(period) and more particularly in the XIXth century, at the time of the birth of the called(mentioned) as archival modern
Esta tesis de dimensión internacional no tiene como único objetivo restituir une historia de la familia Foix-Bearne-Navarra, a partir de sus archivos. Se trata más bien de poner en evidencia los complejos lazos entre la familia real de Navarra y sus archivos, principalmente entre los siglos XV -XVII, abordando el estatus y el papel de los archivos constituidos en la construcción de la historia, la identidad y la memoria de esta casa real entre el final de la Edad Media y el comienzo de la Edad Moderna.Para la realización de esta tesis, hemos estudiado, entre otros aspectos, dios voluminosos inventarios realizados en el siglo XVI, que nos han permitido conocer la evolución de los archivos conservados en el "trésor" del castillo de Pau. Ambos inventarios marcan una época importante de autoafirmación del poder de la familia real de Navarra, ya que el primero tuvo un gran interés para dicha familia en el proceso de creación de un Estado Moderno en Bearne, bajo el reinado de Enrique II de Navarra, y el segundo (realizado hacia 1580-1582) fue el último inventario de la soberanía, ya que a partir de la llegada de Enrique III de Navarra al trono de Francia, los archivos de Pau se fosilizaron.Hemos comentado al inicio de este resumen la dimensión internacional del sujeto de esta tesis, ya que una parte de los archivos de esta casa real, conservado actualmente en los ADPA está en estrecha relación con documentos custodiados en el Archivo General de Navarra, situado en Pamplona. Este tema ha sido tan poco estudiado como la historia, identidad y memoria de la familia real de Navarra bajo los reinados de Catalina de Foix (1483-1517) y Enrique II (1517-1555). La organización de los archivos forma parte de la construcción política de los reyes de los reyes de Navarra, de una identidad política en la que Bearne ejerce desde fines del siglo XV un papel preponderante (junto a Navarra) en tanto que territorio independiente al margen de Francia. La política desarrollada por estos reyes explica el proceso de centralización en el cartulario de Pau de archivos procedentes de sus diversos dominios (incluso si la mayor parte de los mismos son territorios dependientes de la Corona de Francia).Finalmente, queremos citar el estudio realizado de la evolución de las técnicas de archivo de la documentación del "tresor de chartes" de Pau en el tiempo : En primer lugar, en lo concerniente a la evolución de los modelos de conservación, clasificación y descripción archivística entre el fin de la Edad Media y la época moderna, se lleva a cabo una organización cada vez más clara y eficaz. El inventario de la primera mitad del siglo XVI está dividido por los diversos dominios familiares pero nos muestra una pobre organización que no sigue ningún orden temático ni metódico en la manera en la que los documentos son clasificados. Por el contrario, el registro elaborado a inicios de la década 1580 sigue una organización más metódica, como lo prueba la división de cada título en capítulos temáticos, y la subdivisión de cada capítulo en legajos numerados. Además, a diferencia de los numerosos sistemas de signaturas utilizados por los archivistas en la primera mitad del siglo XVI, quienes elaboraron el inventario de comienzos de los años 1580 optaron por la uniformización en un único sistema de signatura (utilizando las cifras romanas).En lo que concierne a la evolución de los modelos de conservación, de clasificación y de descripción archivística, este estudio nos explica también los sucesivos sistemas de signaturas de la documentación del "trésor de chartes" de Pau, en función de los contextos en los que fueron realizados en la época moderna y más particularmente en el siglo XIX, época del nacimiento de lo que conocemos como la archivística moderna
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50

Kociszewska, Ewa. "Stars and Labyrinths. Poetry, Sign, Festvities for the Valois King of Poland in Paris in 1573." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/410.

Full text
Abstract:
Stars and Labyriths
The dissertationis a study of text and objectscreated in Paris in 1573 to celebrate the election of Henri de Valois, the future Henri III of France, to the throne of Poland. The work is composed of two case studies, each of which takes as a point of departure the study of a specific “object” linked to the celebrations of Henri’s election. The first part offers a thorough analysis of the royal device, while the second begins with a reconstruction and exegesis of the court spectacle, both created to celebrate the election of Henri de Valois. For each study, the ideas behind these two inventions will then be set into wider political, intellectual and artistic context, mainly through the use of poetic sources. As a result, two main ideological threads in the celebrations for the Valois king of Poland will be uncovered and explored: the imperial mirage of the French dynasty and the performance of motherhood by Catherine de Médicis.
Przedmiotem pracy są teksty i obiekty artystyczne powstałe w Paryżu w 1573 roku dla Henryka Walezego jako króla Polski. Praca zbudowana jest wokół analizy i interpretacji dwóch najważniejszych i najlepiej udokumentowanych „obiektów” celebrujących elekcję: osobistej dewizy króla oraz dworskiego spektaklu wydanego na jego cześć w ogrodzie Tuileries. Część pierwszą otwiera analiza nieznanego dotąd rękopisu ze zbiorów Châteaud’Ecouen, zawierającego szczegółowy opis astrologiczno-kabalistycznej dewizy stworzonej dla Henryka jako króla Polski. Tekst zestawiony został z odnalezionymi w archiwach i bibliotekach paryskich źródłami wizualnymi oraz przedstawiony w kontekście pism humanistów z kręgu Guillaume’a Postela. Tekst rękopisu pozwolił na sformułowanie hipotezy o idei polsko-francuskiego imperium Walezjuszów jako głównym wątku paryskich uroczystości zorganizowanych dla Henryka jesienią 1573 roku. Dla udowodnienia tej tezy przeanalizowane został ceremoniał uroczystego wjazdu króla Polski do Paryża, a także łacińskie i francuskie inskrypcje, teksty poetyckie i naukowe skomponowane z tej okazji. Część druga poświęcona jest pełnej analizie i interpretacji jednego z najsłynniejszych spektakli w XVI w. sz w., Ballet des Polonais, wydanego przez Katarzynę Medycejską w ogrodzie Tuileries dla Henryka Walezego z okazji wizyty poselstwa polskiego w Paryżu. Inwencja spektaklu autorstwa poety i humanisty Jeana Dorata przedstawiona została w cyklu enigmatycznych łacińskich wierszy zawartych w druku Magnificentissimispectaculi… descriptio. Uważna lektura tego ignorowanego przez badaczy tekstu oraz umieszczenie go w politycznym, artystycznym i literackim kontekście (przede wszystkim sieci intertekstualnych odniesień do księgi V i IX Eneidy oraz epyllionu Katullusa o weselu Peleusa i Tetydy, c. LXIV) pozwoliło zaproponować nową, pełniejszą interpretację spektaklu. W przeciwieństwie do rozpowszechnionej wśród badaczy opinii, spektakl ten nie propagował polityki zgody i tolerancji, ale miał za zadanie ukazać Katarzynę Medycejską jako kochającą matkę, promotorkę imperialnej potęgi Walezjuszów oraz potencjalną regentkę w imieniu Henryka III. Propozycja mojej interpretacji Ballet des Polonais poparta została innymi przykładami z 1573 roku: tekstami poetyckimi oraz analizą podobnej w wymowie ceremonii wręczenia Henrykowi aktu elekcji. Analiza poezji, znaków i uroczystości dla Henryka Walezego pozwoliło przedstawić słabo znane motywacje i wyobrażenia dworu francuskiego związane z elekcją francuskiego księcia na tron polski. Pozwala ona również na przedstawienie form i funkcji ikonografii politycznej we Francji ostatnich władców z dynastii Walezjuszów.
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