Journal articles: 'Kingdom of Bahrain'

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El-Kholei, Ahmed O., Sabah S. Aljenaid, and Ghadeer M. Kadhem. "Urban Transformations and Contested Spaces in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Open House International 44, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2019-b0008.

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Manama, the capital city of the Kingdom of Bahrain, is a major port in the Arabian Gulf, a financial hub. Following the discovery of oil, Bahrain attracted skilled and unskilled expats. The Government initiated plans for urban development. Urban growth was at the expense of agricultural and desert lands in addition to reclaiming land from water bodies. Affluent Bahrainis moved to newer settlements. Low-income Bahrainis continued to live in the old quarters. Single male workers, mostly Asians, moved into dilapidated buildings in the old quarters of the city. The paper employs a mixed research approach. It uses Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems to account for urban transformations; and as well as document review, interviews, and a questionnaire to understand the process underlying these transformations and their outcomes. The results show how globalisation and neoliberalism led Manama to emerge as a global city. Cultural identity and geographic location within the Bahraini metropolitan area suggest these relationships are dynamic. Planners perceived Bahraini cities as a morphological phenomenon. They did not comprehend the complexity of the socio-cultural particularities of Bahraini cities. Revitalising the old quarters of Manama can serve as a national mega project, thus conserving its cultural identity.

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Abdulwahab, Bushra A., and Subhadra Ganguli. "The Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Financial Performance of Banks in the Kingdom of Bahrain during 2004-15." Information Management and Business Review 9, no. 4 (October 15, 2017): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v9i4.1897.

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Following the 2007 global financial crisis, more than 15 M&A transactions took place among financial institutions in the kingdom of Bahrain. This paper evaluates the impact of M&As on the financial performance of four such deals between banks in Bahrain. Data was collected from financial statements of the banks and the Bankscope database during 2004â€“2015. 15 accounting ratios were applied to CAMEL Rating Model approach. Financial modelling with Excel has been applied to test for the significance of changes in the financial performance of the banks three years before and three years after mergers. No significant difference in the financial performance of the local banks between pre and post M&As in the kingdom of Bahrain was observed. No significant difference in the financial performance of the acquirer bank or the target bank was observed except Bahraini Saudi Bank (target bank) which showed significant improvement in the financial performance after the merger with acquirer bank namely Al Salaam Bank. No significant change in the overall CAMEL ratios was observed for all banks involved in the M&As in Bahrain during 2004-15. The study provides an empirical analysis of the M&As before and after the mergers which can serve as a basis for further evaluation of future strategy of the banking sector in the kingdom of Bahrain.

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Abdeldayem, Marwan M., and Ramzi Nekhili. "Credit Rating Changes and Stock Market Reaction in the Kingdom of Bahrain." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 8 (July 20, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n8p23.

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<p>Between 2014 and 2015, the oil price almost halved. Since then, it has fallen a further 40%. Consequently, Moody’s Investors Service has downgraded Bahrain’s long-term issuer rating from Baa3 to Ba1with a negative outlook and placed it on review for further downgrade. In this context, previous literature reaches no agreement about the impact of credit rating changes on stock prices. Some studies indicate that credit rating changes do not affect stock prices, while others conclude they do. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether credit rating change has a significant impact on Bahraini stock prices. We conducted an event study to analyze stock market reaction to such news in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Even though Bahrain has witnessed a series of sovereign downgrades over the past five years, the latest downgrading event in February 17, 2016, has been followed by a credit rating downgrade of its banking sector in March 7, 2016. Hence the choice of the sample period of the event study includes both these downgrading events over the period of study from January 2, 2014 till March 22, 2016. Three sectors were selected from the Bahrain all share index: banks, service and industrial. The findings of the study reveal that sovereign rating downgrade has some mixed pre-announcement and post-announcement effects and credit rating downgrade provides useful information. Overall, the results indicate that downgrades and negative outlook announcements have an adverse impact on long-term equity returns, but little impact on short-term performance.</p>

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Shabib, Fatema, and Subhadra Ganguli. "Impact of CSR on consumer behavior of Bahraini women in the cosmetics industry." World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 13, no. 3 (July 10, 2017): 174–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjemsd-08-2016-0041.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) awareness on the attitudes of Bahraini women consumers in the age group of 18-55 and their buying behavior toward cosmetics products. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative method is used for focusing on Bahraini women consumers aged between 18-55 years. Primary data comprising consumer’s buying behavior and attitudes were collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using software like SPSS and Microsoft Office Excel. Findings The empirical findings revealed that Bahraini women are not aware of CSR. This lack of awareness leads to the exclusion of CSR as a factor in their purchase decisions. However, the awareness of CSR can become a reason for avoiding purchase of specific cosmetics when the consumer discovers that the producer has been involved in socially irresponsible business practices. Moreover, Bahraini women do not seek CSR-related information voluntarily from the cosmetics industry. Research limitations/implications This research paper is subject to sample size limitations; it focuses on women of a specific age group using cosmetics and is limited to the Kingdom of Bahrain. Survey method was used as the only primary data collection method. Practical implications This research provides a clear picture of how consumers behave in the absence of any or very little awareness of CSR. It can benefit cosmetics companies, both existing and new, for adopting future long-term marketing strategies to create public awareness of CSR. Social implications This research highlights the importance of raising awareness of CSR in the Kingdom of Bahrain and the possible implications of such activities on consumers’ purchases of cosmetics products. Originality/value This paper contributes significantly toward information regarding Bahraini consumers’ lack of awareness of CSR and sheds light on consumers’ behavior toward cosmetics products in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

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Alsamawi, Habis. "Characteristics and Trends of Saudi Tourists in the Kingdom of Bahrain." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 09 (September 23, 2018): 20196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/09/603.

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The data of this study were based on a survey of the Saudi tourist movement in Bahrain, which included 14993 samples. The results of this study indicate that there are significant statistical indications with most of the study variables, while the results showed that there are several motives for the Saudi tourists to visit Bahrain, including shopping (45.8%), leisure and recreation (23.8%), health and relaxation (11.5%). The sample members were influenced by the opinions of newspapers, magazines and advertising publications (45.9%). in addition to the opinion of relatives and friends on the decision to choose Bahrain for their tourist destination. Tourist’s satisfaction showed a high degree with catering services, cafes, shopping, security Stability and Bahraini hospitality, and even their evaluation of tourist satisfaction in general was distinguished by 85.2%, but in return there are some services have created some resentment among tourists such as facilities provided on King Fahd Causeway and Taxi services, car rental, and leisure activities. The most important findings and recommendations of the study are the need to facilitate travel procedures on King Fahd Causeway, with satisfaction (48%) and expand the establishment of recreational activities (68%), and develop the role of exhibitions and events in attracting tourists

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Abdalla, Latifa. "An Exploration of Transformational Leadership Preferences Among Women Sports Leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research 57, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcssr-2013-0005.

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Abstract The topic of leadership has attracted considerable interest amongst academics and practitioners. Much of the interest in the area of leadership is based on explicit and implicit claims that leadership styles are linked to organizational performance. This study aimed to examine the transformational leadership style among women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 16 female sports leaders from the Kingdom of Bahrain participated in this study. The Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to determine the transformational leadership style of individuals. A demographic questionnaire was also administered to collect participants’ personal data. The results indicated that transformational leadership style is moderate among women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain, thus we need to develop the leadership skills of women sports leaders in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

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AL Othman, Amal, and Said Taan EL Hajjar. "Implementation Influence of ISO9000 on Organization’s Performance." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 7 (June 6, 2017): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n7p100.

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Implementing the International Organization for Standardization (ISO9000) in Bahrain Council of Representatives offers many prospects to diversify Bahrain’s Parliament and raise management development and duties. This paper entirely explores the potential items of customer focus, leadership, people’s involvement, and continual improvement, which will be used as a scale to measure the impact of ISO 9000 on Bahrain Council of Representatives performance and other private sector organizations to recognize that potential. This research work is mainly designed based on one of quantitative approaches, which is the survey questionnaire. Data was collected from Council of Representative’s Staff in the Kingdom of Bahrain by distributing the questionnaire randomly to Council of Representative’s employees and consequently analyzed through quantitative analysis methods. Overall findings show that all items appear to be useful and contribute to the overall reliability of their corresponding construct. This research work will help define best items and constructs for stakeholders’ who are interested in applying ISO9000 standards in the organizations, prioritize improvement of employees and enhance performance relative to shareholders’ expectations and liable organization development. This paper fills a prevailing gap by providing a distinctive reliable assessment scale of such effectiveness and comprehensive assessment measure through an organized analysis of pertinent arcade data in the kingdom of Bahrain.

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Khyrallah Jalud, Mithaq. "Political Decision Making In Bahrain Kingdom." مجلة دراسات إقلیمیة 9, no. 28 (October 1, 2012): 301–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/regs.2012.60223.

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Smyth, Dion. "Bahrain: care in the island kingdom." International Journal of Palliative Nursing 26, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.3.146.

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Al-Haddad, M. K., and Adel Al-Offi. "Psychiatric services in Bahrain: past, present and future." International Psychiatry 6, no. 1 (January 2009): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600000242.

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The Kingdom of Bahrain is an archipelago of 33 islands, located in the Arabian Gulf, covering 2400 km2. The main island, Manama, is the nation's capital. The total population stands at 742 562, 62.3% of whom are local Bahrainis and the remaining 37.7% expatriates (Central Statistics Organisation Directorate, 1991). Bahrain first entered the historical stage around 3000 BC, and for almost 2000 years was the centre of the old Dilmun civilisation (Bibby, 1969). Dilmun was perceived as a sacred land by the Sumerians and Babylonians; it was a burial ground for their dead, and Bahrain has over 100 000 burial mounds each containing 200-250 bodies. In the old Babylonian epic of Gilgamesh, which antedates Homer's Iliad, Dilmun is described as a paradise where the worthy enjoy eternal life (Clarke, 1981).

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Bulaila, Abdulaziz, and Imed Bin Abdallah Sdiri. "The Status of English in Bahrain: A Quantitative Analysis of Domains Uses and Attitudes." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 4 (April 29, 2021): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.4.27.

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The use of the English language in the Kingdom of Bahrain nowadays is widespread in various domains and for multiple purposes. However, there is no consensus among language experts in the country on what status English holds in reality. By using a survey questionnaire, the study explored the domains where English is used, how frequent that use is, and how it is being perceived by Bahraini students and working people in the public and private sectors. The analysis of the collected data helped this research study to assertively conclude that the status of English in Bahrain is shifting and that today it stands as a well-established second language with a variety of functions. This study has even revealed that Arabic, the official language of the country, is being relatively displaced by English in more than one context, including those where Arabic was traditionally the dominant language. It is hoped that such significant findings would help policymakers in Bahrain, especially those responsible for educational policies, to develop relevant language plans that are based on exact research findings. They would also help educational institutions at all levels, curriculum developers, textbook designers in Bahrain, the Arabian Gulf, and all over the world to design relevant language programs that reflect the needs of all Bahrainis and that are aligned with official language policies. Moreover, they would provide language researchers worldwide with valuable data so as to deeply understand the dynamics of English as a global language, gain further insight into the diverse factors that facilitate its expansion, and eventually manage to design more comprehensive reference frameworks and analytical models that could incorporate all this diversity.

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N. Salindo, Randolf Von, and Saed Adnan Mustafa. "Corporate Sustainability Practices and Supply Chain Management Performance of Bahraini Companies: An Initial Survey." Shanlax International Journal of Management 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/management.v7i4.1633.

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Owing to the relatively small area and the decreasing natural resources of the Kingdom of Bahrain, businesses are searching for supply chains that are both sustainable and Greenly friendly. This study was conducted to determine the level of implementation of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) practices and the effect of these SSCM activities on the efficiency of supply chain companies in Bahrain. Bahraini companies are adopting two classes of SSCM practices: Renewable Packaging and Green Procurement. Five key components that make up the overall SSCM performance of the respondent firms were identified: Operational Performance, Efficiency, Green Performance; Corporate Social Responsibility; and Socio-economic Performance. The use of recyclable materials as packaging and the option of using only items that are safe at their end-of-life have a direct, positive and more importantly, significant impact on operational efficiency. Sustainable SSCM practices of Bahraini firms have a positive and significant impact on their sustainable supply chain efficiency.

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Coombridge, Rodney, and Shaima Alansari. "Operationalising recognition of prior learning (RPL): a case study from Bahrain Polytechnic." Learning and Teaching in Higher Education: Gulf Perspectives 15, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18538/lthe.v15.n2.282.

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This case study describe how Bahrain Polytechnic maintains academic quality while responding to students’ expectations that prior learning will be recognized in a competitive market. Although recognising prior learning is important for enhancing the student experience, Higher Education Institutions (HEI’s) need confidence in the quality of transferring students prior learning. Bahrain Polytechnic differ from other HEI’s in the Kingdom of Bahrain in that it delivers applied, professional and technical qualifications. Graduates are expected to be work-ready; confident and competent, aware of what is expected of them in the professional world, and able to perform to their full potential (Bahrain Polytechnic, 2017). Programmes, qualifications and courses, and the underlying methodology of how they are delivered are developed in consultation with businesses, industries, professions, international education and training institutions to ensure that Bahrain Polytechnic graduates meet the needs of the labour market, thus supplying Bahrain’s economy with a source of highly skilled graduates. This enforces the use of a unique teaching and learning philosophy represented in Problem-based Learning (PBL) (Bahrain Polytechnic, 2017). Therefore, Bahrain Polytechnic need to be very cautious when assessing any RPL application. This paper identifies student mobility and internationalization as important and legitimate issues for both individual institutions and for educational quality assurance bodies. It then focuses on the Bahrain Polytechnic’s approach in acknowledging students prior learning through formal education. Following significant internal consultation, Bahrain Polytechnic has developed a more robust process for awarding credits/ exemptions to students based on formal education in other approved HEI’s.

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Albaker, Khaled. "Analytical View of Bahrain’s Government Schools’ Performance: A Quality Perspective." SAGE Open 7, no. 4 (October 2017): 215824401773655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244017736555.

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Since 2005, education in the Kingdom of Bahrain has undergone major reforms as part of the National Education Reform Project to achieve the goals of Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030. The Education & Training Quality Authority (BQA) was created by a Royal Decree as an independent entity established that is responsible for ensuring quality in education and training in the Bahrain. The Directorate of Government Schools Review (DGS) is under the umbrella of BQA and responsible for conducting quality reviews for all Bahraini government schools. Upon successfully completing two cycles of school reviews (review cycle average is 4 years), this article compares the findings of two DGS review cycles. In December 2014, the DGS completed its second review of 206 schools. Generally, the results showed an increase in the polarity of the ratings. Analysis of the results showed the following: In terms of schools’ environments, it is generally safe with equal infrastructure and learning resources among most schools; the performance gap between male and female students is widening; the field of technical and commercial education still faces challenges; parental involvement is limited, despite opportunities for participation; and available technology is used inconsistently. In addition, some schools that are judged inadequate face increased challenges to improvement.

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Janahi, Essam M., Zahra Ilyas, Sara Al-Othman, Abdulla Darwish, Sanad J. Sanad, Budoor Almusaifer, Mariam Al-Mannai, Jamal Golbahar, and Simone Perna. "Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Prevalence, Gender Distribution and Impact on Hepatic Biomarkers." Medicina 55, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100622.

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Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world’s major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.

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Qamber, Isa S. "Peak Load Modeling for Kingdom of Bahrain." Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 05, no. 12 (2012): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsea.2012.512b010.

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Buflasa, Hanan Al, David Infield, Simon Watson, and Murray Thomson. "Wind Resource Assessment for the Kingdom of Bahrain." Wind Engineering 32, no. 5 (October 2008): 439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952408786411976.

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The geographical distribution of wind speed (the wind atlas) for the kingdom of Bahrain is presented, based on measured data and on calculations undertaken using WAsP,. The data used were recorded by the Meteorological Directorate at a weather station situated at Bahrain International Airport, taken on an hourly basis for a period of time extended for ten years. These data indicate an annual mean wind speed of 4.6 m/s at 10 m height and mean Weibull scale and shape parameters C and k of 5.2 m/s and 1.9 respectively. At a typical wind turbine hub height of sixty metres, these values are extrapolated to 6.9 m/s, 7.8 m/s and 1.8 respectively, which suggests that the area has a good wind resource. The wind atlas shows that several locations in the less populated central and southern regions of the main island of the archipelago of Bahrain are potentially suitable for wind energy production.

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Bailey, Lucy. "Host-Country Parent Perspectives on International Schooling: A study from Bahrain." Journal of Research in International Education 20, no. 1 (April 2021): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14752409211006634.

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Despite the rapid growth in international schooling worldwide, little attention has been paid to understanding why parents choose this kind of schooling and what they believe their choice has meant for their child. Most saliently, the extant literature has not considered the views of Arab parents, although a number of GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries are seen as hubs of international schooling. This study explores international school choice in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Drawing on survey and interview data from Bahraini parents whose children attend international schools in Bahrain, this paper contributes to school choice literature, exploring what the parents see as the consequences of their choice. The concepts of acculturation strategies (Berry, 2003; Berry, 2005) and school choice as a technology of subjectification (Leyton & Rojas, 2017) are used to understand the social meaning of these parental decisions.

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Sadat-Ali, Mir. "Economic Impact of Osteoporosis Related Hip Fractures in Bahrain. A Systematic Review." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 332–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010332.

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Background: Fragility fractures are common due to osteoporosis and there is very limited data on hip fractures from the Middle East in general and Kingdom of Bahrain in particular. The aim of this paper is to review the published data of femoral fractures in the Middle East and extrapolate the financial burden of osteoporosis related hip fractures in Bahrain and suggest some course of action for the region in controlling the fragility fractures. Methods: An extensive search was performed on published studies on hip fracture from 1990 to 2020 by a Medline, EMBASE the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Science Citation Index, Bahrain Medical Bulletin, Qatar Medical J, Oman with the key words: Osteoporosis, osteopenia, fragility hip fractures. The inclusion criterion was studies published during 1990-2020 describing the prevalence of osteoporosis and proximal hip fractures in patients with ≥50 years, from the Kingdom of Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, State of Kuwait, Sultanate of Oman, United Arab Emirates, State of Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, Turkey and the State Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Based on the fractures per 1000, an average was taken and extrapolated for the Kingdom of Bahrain and direct and indirect costs were assessed. Results: A total of 19 studies were selected for analysis from 10 countries. The average prevalence of postmenopausal osteoporosis was 29.37±6.97% (Range 20.2 to 38.5). In these 10 countries, 252.411 million people live, with an average of 28.56% suffering from osteoporosis. A total of 72.088 million are at risk of having a fragility fracture. The prevalence of fragility fractures of the proximal femur in six countries means prevalence is 4.41/1000. With this average, it is extrapolated that femoral fractures due to osteoporosis costs Bahrain yearly a total of BD 5.31 million. Conclusion: The prevalence of Osteoporosis is going to increase in Bahrain as the population is aging. This will further increase the economic impact of taking care of elderly patients with osteoporosis and related fractures. Early intervention to diagnose and treat this aging population will reduce the cost and save lives.

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Albaqali, Qasim, and Gagan Kukreja. "The factors influencing auditor independence: The perceptions of auditors in Bahrain." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 2 (2017): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i2c2p10.

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The aim of this research is to assess the relationship between the presumed AI influencing factors and AI from the standpoint of auditors in Bahrain. Researchers have continuously identified and assessed several factors that are expected to safeguard AI and objectivity to mitigate the potential threats faced by the audit profession worldwide. As a result of the promising Bahrain Economic Vision 2030 that emphasizes on ‘fairness’ as a one of major principle, the regulators in Bahrain are expected to adopt new measures that enhance the role of auditors in maintaining fairness and transparency. This research hence investigated the subject matter in a way that intended to assess the AI influencing factors in a Bahraini context. The research is quantitative in nature, whereby questionnaires were distributed to a range of auditors representing the audit firms in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Following reliability and validity tests, the responses were analyzed descriptively, along with empirical analysis through using the Multiple Regression Model. The findings signified the substantial role of the audit regulations and related provisions in enhancing AI and impartiality, when compared to other presumed factors. The research recommendations focused on the importance of overseeing the audit firms and accounting professionals through the formation of an independent audit quality board as well as considering the adoption of a joint-audit practice for the listed companies

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Ebrahim, Ahmed Husain, and Subhadra Ganguli. "Strategic priorities for exploiting Bahrain’s medical tourism potential." Journal of Place Management and Development 10, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-03-2016-0011.

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Purpose Medical tourism offers many opportunities to diversify Bahrain’s economy and foster economic development and prosperity. This study aims to holistically investigate the potential of developing Bahrain as a medical tourism destination and create a strategic roadmap to help government decision makers and other key private sector players to realize that potential. Design/methodology/approach This study is primarily based on quantitative research methods. Data were collected from medical service providers in the Kingdom of Bahrain using a questionnaire and subsequently analyzed using quantitative analysis techniques. Findings Overall findings indicate that Bahrain has the potential to attain competitiveness in the medical tourism sector. This can be achieved through a combination of industry-specific management strategies which facilitate effective public–private partnerships, reinvent healthcare legislation and encourage investment in medical tourism infrastructure. Practical implications This study will help determine best practice, prioritize improvement opportunities and enhance performance relative to stakeholders’ expectations and responsible tourism development. Originality/value Studies assessing medical tourism competitiveness of various countries are difficult to obtain. This study fills an existing gap by providing a distinct and comprehensive evaluation method of such competitiveness through a structured analysis of relevant market data in Bahrain. This study can be further extended to include a wider range of stakeholders, namely, private enterprise and the government sector.

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Qamber, Isa, Mohammed Ismail, Yusuf Khalifa, and Abdul Ismail. "Kingdom of Bahrain Long Term Load Estimation Modeling." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 11, no. 3 (January 10, 2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2015/20317.

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Salman, Jameela Al. "Community Acquired Pneumonia in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Infectious & Non Infectious Diseases 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/inid-8654/100008.

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Alkhan, Ahmed Mansoor, and M. Kabir Hassan. "Takaful operators: analysing segregated accounts between operator/participants." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (February 8, 2020): 1649–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-01-2020-0005.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis on whether takaful operators actually maintain separated and segregated accounts between the operator and participants’ funds, thereby conforming to Shariah compliance requirements or not. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a qualitative methodology by analysing secondary data relating to two takaful operators in each of the jurisdictions of the Kingdoms of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Findings The findings generally reveal that the financial statements and Shariah Supervisory Board annual reports of the takaful operators in the Kingdom of Bahrain confirm the Shariah-required maintenance of separate accounts between the operator and participants, as well as reveal transparency-related issues and Shariah governance weaknesses for takaful operators in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Research limitations/implications Generalizing based on a single case study may affect the accuracy of the findings. It may also be argued that qualitative researches are generally considered as less valid than quantitative researches. Originality/value This research may have provided empirical data that did not previously exist in the literature.

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Hasan Al-Mannaei, Hasan Mohamed, and Allam Mohammed Mousa Hamdan. "Corporate governance and innovation: Evidence from Bahrain bourse." Corporate Board role duties and composition 12, no. 1 (2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv12i1art2.

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The study aims to assess corporate governance and innovation in selected listed companies at Bahrain Bourse. The study sample included 39 companies in the year 2013. The study built one Linear Regression Model to study the relationship between corporate governance and innovation. After testing the first hypothesis, there is an accepted level of corporate governance in selected listed companies at Bahrain Bourse. And after testing the second hypothesis, there is no relationship between corporate governance and innovation in selected listed companies at Bahrain Bourse, whether the corporate governance is strong in selected listed companies at Bahrain Bourse or not, it has no relationship to Innovation. In Kingdom of Bahrain the innovation is weak due to the fact that Bahrain imports innovation from other countries. The study recommends that all companies listed in Bahrain Bourse to send their employees for special courses on corporate governance, which shows its benefits and to increase their awareness and advises to conduct a workshop of innovation in companies listed in Bahrain Bourse by professional institutes

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Reyad, Sameh, Sherine Badawi, and Allam Hamdan. "Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial skills development on self-employment practices amongst Egyptian and Bahraini accounting students in public and private universities." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 5 (January 2, 2020): 1101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-07-2017-0102.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper examines the development of entrepreneurial skills amongst accounting students in public and private universities and its impact on career pathways, including self-employment. Also, the paper explores what skills have an effect on self-employment intentions. Design/Methodology/approach This study uses a quantitative approach to measure the entrepreneurial skills developed by accounting students in business schools and whether these skills direct them to choose to start their own business. A questionnaire was developed and a sample of 583 Egyptian and Bahraini accounting students was used. Findings The study concludes that in private universities, there is no difference in the development of entrepreneurial skills and subsequent self-employment practices between students in Egypt and Bahrain. When it comes to public universities, students in Bahrain develop better entrepreneurial skills and subsequent self-employment practices than students in Egypt. In addition, private universities are better than public universities in representing the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and self-employment practices. Originality/value This study and its conclusions fill a gap in the literature in comparing public and private universities to highlight the relationship between developing accounting students’ entrepreneurial skills and their self-employment practices. This study is the first to compare universities in Egypt and the Kingdom of Bahrain.

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Musalam, Lulwa Isa AI, and Gagan Kukreja. "The Role of Forensic Accounting in Fraud Investigations: A Survey Based Research from Kingdom of Bahrain." Journal of Business Management and Information Systems 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48001/jbmis.2015.0201016.

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Forensic accounting is the practice of utilizing accounting, auditing and investigative skills to assist in legal matters. The increase in number of frauds and fraudulent activities around the world has emphasized the need for forensic accountants. This research aims at define forensic accounting and differentiates between forensic accounting and traditional accounting and auditing. The study then explores the role of forensic accountants in fraud investigation and the knowledge and skills forensic accountants are expected to possess. Finally, the study will explain the role of forensic accounting in fraud investigation in view of accounting professionals, financial analysts and auditors in Bahrain. The result showed that Forensic Accountant is important in fraud investigation and curb and resolve economic and financial crimes in Bahrain economy. We recommend among others that the government of Bahrain should enact an Act that will make forensic accounting a practice in Bahrain so that economic and financial crimes can become history.

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Gomaa, Yasser. "Language Policy in the Virtual Linguistic Landscape: The case of the Kingdom of Bahrain E-Government National Portal." Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v21i2.29354.

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This study examined language policy in the virtual linguistic landscape in the Kingdom of Bahrain as exemplified in its E-Government National Portal. It was carried out with the aim of extending the view of the linguistic landscape beyond the mainstream research that is typically anchored and defined within the parameters of given geographic boundaries. It sought to answer the question of how the linguistic diversity is experienced in cyberspace. Spolsky and Cooper’s (1991) Preference Model Theory of language choice was used to address this question. The findings authenticate the assumption that the Bahraini virtual linguistic landscape shares not only specific features with physical counterparts, but also displays unique attributes

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Mandeel, Qaher A., and Abdul Ameer A. Al-Laith. "Ethnomycological aspects of the desert truffle among native Bahraini and non-Bahraini peoples of the Kingdom of Bahrain." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 110, no. 1 (March 2007): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.014.

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Saeed, Nermin Kamal. "Salmonella pneumonia complicated with encysted empyema in an immunocompromised youth: Case report and literature Review." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 04 (April 28, 2016): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7069.

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In this case report we described a Bahraini male patient of twenty years of age, a smoker and diagnosed with stage IV B Hodgkin lymphoma. He presented with fever, nonproductive cough, upper back pain and shortness of breath due to right upper lobe pneumonia with right encysted pleural effusion. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis was isolated from the sputum. He was successfully treated with 2 weeks of ceftriaxone followed by 2 weeks of oral cefixime. This was the first case of encysted empyema caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis reported in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The different aspects of pulmonary Salmonella infections were discussed and the literature was reviewed.

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Albuainain, Noora, Ghaleb Sweis, Wassim AlBalkhy, Rateb Sweis, and Zoubeir Lafhaj. "Factors Affecting Occupants’ Satisfaction in Governmental Buildings: The Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain." Buildings 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060231.

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Satisfaction is a very important factor in improving productivity and performance in the work environment. This study aims to investigate the levels of occupants’ satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in the governmental buildings in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to investigate the impact of occupants’ demographics and building attributes (non-IEQ factors) on these levels. For these purposes, the study used a questionnaire that has 17 indoor environmental quality (IEQ) factors in addition to a group of non-IEQ factors. The questionnaire was distributed by hand or using email to 279 employees in the Bahraini governmental sector. The findings of the study revealed that occupants in the Bahraini governmental buildings are not strongly satisfied with IEQ factors, especially with sound privacy, followed by visual privacy and amount of space, and then noise levels. The findings also showed that for most IEQ factors, men are more satisfied than women are, those who work in enclosed private offices are more satisfied than those who work in open-plan offices, and those who have central air-conditioning at their workplace are more than those who have a wall-mounted air conditioner. The impact of age, nature of work, duration of working in the current building and at the current workstation, weekly working hours, and proximity to the window were also investigated. Accordingly, a group of recommendations was suggested aiming to improve the levels of occupants’ satisfaction.

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Tawash, Afaf Ahmed, Abdulmonem M. Al-Shirawi, and Adel M. Sarea. "Corporate Social Responsibility: Universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Research in World Economy 10, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n3p26.

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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become very vital for any corporation as many voices demand that entities must be accountable for business decisions and actions. Since universities are vital entities in the society as they provide higher education to the human factor, they have a huge role that compels them to adhere to CSR and to make it a part of their strategic planning. The study is about measuring the awareness of CSR in the management of universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study used a descriptive survey method to analyze the relationship between Communication, CSR activities and Management’s transparency with the level of awareness of CSR. The respondents of the study are the top and middle level managers of universities where the primary tool in gathering data was a structured questionnaire. Secondary sources were utilized as well, such as: books, articles, unpublished thesis and other printed resources related to the study that were used to support and strengthen the findings of the study. The main finding is, there is a significant relationship between CSR activities and communication with awareness of CSR.

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Mohamed, L. F., S. A. Ebrahim, and A. A. Al-Thukair. "Hazardous healthcare waste management in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Waste Management 29, no. 8 (August 2009): 2404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.02.015.

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Hajjaj, Muneer E., and Ahmed H. Hashim. "Water security and stability in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 1-3 (September 10, 2012): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.704725.

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Al-Noaimi, Mubarak A. "SDG goal 6 monitoring in the Kingdom of Bahrain." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 176 (2020): 406–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.25552.

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Qamber, Isa S. "Annual Maximum Loads Estimation Modeling for Kingdom of Bahrain." Engineering 05, no. 01 (2013): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/eng.2013.51b019.

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S. Ali, Thamer, and Asma A. Abahussain. "Status of Commercial Fisheries in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26, no. 1 (special Issue) (July 1, 2013): 220–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33762/bagrs.2013.111658.

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IQBAL, THONSE HAWALDAR, RAMONA BIRAU, CRISTI SPULBAR, BABITHA ROHIT, PRAKASH PINTO, THEKKEKUTT MATHUKUTTI RAJESHA, and FABRIZIO DI SCIORIO. "Further evidence on efficiency of Bahrain Bourse: A high challenge for other industries." Industria Textila 71, no. 05 (October 28, 2020): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.05.1732.

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The purpose of the present study is to provide further evidence of the weak form efficiency of the Bahrain Bourse. The research methodology is based on daily closing index values of the Bahrain Bourse from 2011 to 2015 in order to test the efficiency of the stock market while runs test, Autocorrelation Function, and advance tools such as ARCH and GARCH models and Hurst Index to provide further evidence of the weak form efficiency of the Bahrain stock market. For instance, a volatile and inefficient stock market has a negative impact on textile and apparel industry in the Kingdom of Bahrain, which is one of the most prosperous and attractive industries in the country. The empirical results revealed that Bahrain stock market does not follow normal distribution and the successive price changes are not independent. Further, ARCH effect is significant and indicative of a time-varying conditional volatility. There is an arbitrage opportunity and extreme mispricing in the Bahrain stock market as indicated by the GARCH (1,1) model. The results of the Hurst exponent also confirm the inefficiency of the market. The results of these tests are consistent indicating that the Bahrain stock market is inefficient

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Al-Ammary, Jaflah, and Zakaria Saleh. "Assessing the Readiness for Cloud Computing in Higher Education Institutions in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Towards an Education Cloud Computing Strategy." International Journal of Managing Information Technology 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijmit.2021.13103.

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There is a great potential for cloud computing adoption in Bahrain, something which will power exciting innovations and touch every area of people's lives, especially in the education sector. The current study investigates the critical success factors for implementing cloud computing into learning activities in higher institutions in Bahrain and how can effectively enhance the digital educational environment. The data sample of the current research consists of academic and administrative staff from nine universities in Bahrain, both private and public universities. The findings revealed that the adoption of cloud computing has proven to help build a digital educational environment in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Cloud computing can help in making digital research and digital learning and teaching. Besides offering more excellent student choices in education, cloud computing can provide good opportunities for enhancing research in these universities.

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El-Sady, Hassan Mounir. "Macro-Drivers Of Gulf Co-operation Council Countrys Economic Risk." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 10 (September 19, 2012): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i10.7253.

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This study provides the first empirical analysis of the Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC), which explores the macro-drivers of each country's economic risk. It examined the economic risk across GCCs countries over the period of January 2000 to December 2011. The study included all GCC countries: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Kuwait, United Arab of Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Sultanate of Oman (Oman), and Kingdom of Bahrain (Bahrain). In terms of economic risk, results revealed that Kuwait and UAE represented a safe land for local and international investment to be allocated in GCC. This could be attributed to their very high rating and stability of economic systems in comparison with other GCC countries. Results also revealed that KSA, Qatar and Bahrain were considered countries with an instable economic system in comparison with other GCC countries. Moreover, findings revealed that each GCC country was a unique case in terms of its drivers of economic risk. Results also indicated that while KSAs economic risk was driven by the instability of its budget balance as a percentage of GDP, Kuwaits economic risk was driven by the low real GDP growth, and UAEs economic risk was driven by the instable GDP per capita. As for the economic risk of Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, it was driven by the illiquidity of the economy as measured by the current account as a percentage of GDP.

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Al-Qattan, Ahmed. "A Conservative Surgical Approach Towards Central Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report." Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/jbms.3_18112018.

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Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an infrequent benign bony lesion of unpredictably aggressive behavior. The precise lesion character is debatable and remains inconclusive. However, three main theories were proposed: a sensitive lesion, a kind of neoplasm, or a developmental anomaly. This is a case presentation of a 16-year-old boy with a dental history of extraction of the lower right first molar, presented to hospital with two months history of swelling in the aforementioned area after the procedure. First biopsy of the swelling was performed outside the Kingdom of Bahrain. As per histopathological findings, the swelling was described as pyogenic granuloma. Second biopsy with necessary workup was conducted in the Kingdom of Bahrain and was confirmed as central giant cell granuloma through histopathological analysis; it was removed surgically.

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Hidayat, Sutan Emir, Ahmad Rafiki, and Maryam Humood Al Khalifa. "The social media adoption of public sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Journal of Advances in Management Research 16, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jamr-11-2017-0105.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the contemporary implementation of social media within the public sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain by reviewing each of the ministry’s presence in the social media especially on specific social media websites (Twitter, Facebook and YouTube). This study also attempts to identify the types of information that the public is interested to receive from various government social media accounts. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive analysis with frequency distribution and weighted mean was used to analyze the demographic profile of the respondents, internet preferences and government information sources. The study has employed two types of survey methods in collecting data, namely, checklist and questionnaire surveys. A snowball sampling technique was employed for the sampling selection. Among the selected respondents of 500, 384 (76.8 percent) respondents completely responded to the questionnaires. Findings The study has confirmed the fact that most of the Bahrain Government’s ministries have social media platforms with a minimum of at least one official account to reach out to the various segments of the society. It also reveals that the respondents are active internet users who are looking for information in different platforms, i.e. search engines, social media, and have interests in different media forms like blogs, forums, official websites as well as multimedia images and videos. Meanwhile, the respondents are found to be interested in various types of information from the government that ranges from serious topics like emergency alerts, citizens’ rights and healthcare, to lighter topics like ways to protect the environment, science and technology and job seeking advice. Originality/value This clearly declares the inevitability of an increase in the dissemination of information by the Government of Bahrain through social media. The recommendations in this research could be highly beneficial for the Government of Bahrain if implemented as it could improve the cyber relationship between the government and the public.

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Abushabab, Wajdi, and Reza Abdi. "Strategic Management Practices: An Investigation of Public Sector Organizations in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Information Management and Business Review 9, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v9i3.1778.

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Several authors argued that strategic planning is limited and not producing the needed outcomes. In todayâ€™s increasingly challenging environment, it is argued that public sector organizations are expected to shift from traditional strategic planning to the strategic management approach in order to achieve their desired outcomes. Previous research has focused almost upon developed, and not on developing countries, for instance, the Kingdom of Bahrain. This study will be the first of its kind to focus on strategic management practices based on the new strategy of Bahrain for 2030. Using quantitative survey method, this paper aims to explore the progress of the transition from strategic planning to the strategic management approach in the public sector of Bahrain, and then the paper explores the elements that are related to successful strategic management approach in these organizations. The findings reveal that the progress in the transition from strategic planning to a strategic management approach in most of the organizations surveyed was limited. However, some of the organizations were found to be at the start of such a transition and this may be a good sign. Additionally, the findings reported many leading edge elements that are closely related to this transition.

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Al-Jarrah, Ayat Amin, Ghassan Kanaan, and Mustafa Abdel-Kareem Ababneh. "Retrieving Arabic Textual Documents Based on Queries Written in Bahraini Slang Language." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 6 (May 23, 2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n6p44.

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Nowadays, the most used language is the colloquial language not the classical language. It is widely used in many nations. The kingdom of Bahrain had the largest share in the spread of the colloquial language, which becomes the trader's language and the language of the social communication too. It became so popular that its usage starts dominating the daily conversations. In this research, we will create algorithm to enhance the process of information retrieval in Arabic slang language of the Gulf. In this algorithm, we put some special Bahraini rules to convert queries from Slang Bahraini to a classical language. In addition, we will apply this algorithm on the Bahraini colloquial language. After making an evaluation for the system relying on the results of three main aspects recall, precision, and F-measure, we noticed that the results of precision about 0.64 for both researches slang and classical, which gives a great indication that the system supports searching in Bahraini slang language. The purpose of this research is to improve the Information Retrieval system field. In addition, it will save the time and the effort of the researchers of the Bahraini colloquial language.

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Ghaffar, Yousef. "The Future of Renewable Energy in the Kingdom of Bahrain." QScience Proceedings 2012, no. 2 (March 11, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qproc.2012.gccenergy.2.9.

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Alqahtani, Haya, and Bahaaeddin Alareeni. "Evaluation of Sustainable Buildings Construction in the ?Kingdom of Bahrain." Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies 5, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29187/jscmt.2020.49.

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Al-Yousuf, Nada. "Microbial keratitis in Kingdom of Bahrain: Clinical and microbiology study." Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology 16, no. 1 (2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-9233.48855.

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Aidrous, I. A. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY OF THE KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN." RUDN Journal of Economics 25, no. 3 (2017): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2017-25-3-367-380.

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Moovala, Vijayalaxmi. "Career Orientation Of Employees In Islamic Banks: Kingdom of Bahrain." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 19 (July 29, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n19p63.

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The main aim of the study was to identify the career anchors of employees working in Islamic banks of Bahrain and to examine the similarities or differences, in the career anchor preferences of males and females, managers and non-managers, and among the three generations [baby-boomers, Gen X and Gen Y]. Edgar Schein’s eight career anchors formed the basis of this study. The study revealed that there is no significant difference in the career anchor preferences of the male, female, managers and non-managers. The main anchor for majority of these categories was technical/functional competence, for the second majority of respondents it was general managerial competence. The career anchors preference of babyboomers and Gen X, and Gen X and Gen Y was somewhat similar. However there was a variation in the career anchor preferences of baby-boomers and Gen Y. Majority of the baby-boomers and Gen X preferred technical/functional competence as their main anchor, and Gen Y opted for general managerial competence. The preferred anchor for the second majority of baby-boomers was security/stability, for Gen X general managerial competence and Gen Y pure challenge. The findings of this study would facilitate Islamic banks in Bahrain to develop appropriate career development plans based on their employee preferences. For male, female, managers and non-managers, career plans based on career anchors like technical/functional competence, and general managerial competence need to be made. Whereas for baby-boomers, Gen X and Gen Y relevant career plans based on specific preferences need to be formulated.

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Nouy, Morgane Le, Richard Ratcliff, Jeremy Hall, and Abdulrahman Buali. "Integrated Effluent and Sludge Management in the Kingdom of Bahrain." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2008, no. 7 (January 1, 2008): 8199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864708790894089.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Kingdom of Bahrain'

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