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1
SHAPIRO, DAVID. "ENDURING ECONOMIC HARDSHIP, WOMEN'S EDUCATION, MARRIAGE AND FERTILITY TRANSITION IN KINSHASA." Journal of Biosocial Science 47, no. 2 (March 20, 2014): 258–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932014000091.
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SummaryThis paper examines fertility transition in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and second-largest city in sub-Saharan Africa. Shapiro (1996) documented the onset of fertility transition in the city, using data from 1990. Women's education was strongly inversely related to fertility, beginning with secondary schooling, and increases in women's education were important in initiating fertility transition in the city. The paper uses data from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey in the DRC to examine fertility in Kinshasa and assess fertility transition since 1990, a period characterized by severe adverse economic conditions in the DRC. Fertility transition has continued at a strong pace. In part this reflects increased educational attainment of women, but it appears also to be largely a consequence of enduring economic hardship. The ongoing fertility decline has been accompanied by substantial delays in entry to marriage and childbearing, reflecting adverse economic conditions, which in turn have contributed to continuing declines in fertility.
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Bwalya Peti, Peti Richard, Yengo Hilaire Monga, and Bisomona John Katunda. "Greves Repetitives Au Ministere De La Sante Publique, Hygiene Et Prevention En Republique Democratique Du Congo:Evaluer Le Malaise Pour Une Possibilite D'une Scission." Human Resource and Leadership Journal 9, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/hrlj.1608.
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But : La République démocratique du Congo (RDC) est confrontée à de graves problèmes dans son système de santé, mettant en évidence des injustices et des inégalités sociales et salariales permanentes au sein du Ministère de la Santé Publique, Hygiène et Prévention. Ces problèmes persistants ont été la cause de nombreuses tensions sociales et grèves à répétition qui ont paralysé les services de santé à travers le pays. Tous les travailleurs de la santé, ont exprimé, plus d’une fois, leur mécontentement face à des conditions de travail difficiles, des salaires insuffisants et des disparités de traitement en termes de primes et avantages sociaux. Ces injustices et inégalités sociales et salariales ont eu des conséquences néfastes sur la qualité des soins de santé fournis à la population congolaise, ce qui a contribué à aggraver la crise du système de santé du pays. L’objectif de cet article est d'évaluer la possibilité d'une scission du Ministère, en analysant les causes profondes de ces grèves récurrentes à travers un recueil d’opinions des professionnels de la santé et administratifs du secteur.
Méthodologie : La méthode utilisée dans cet article est basée sur une approche de recherche qualitative avec un questionnaire semi-structuré. Pour le déploiement du questionnaire et l’analyse des données, les outils suivants ont été utilisés : Google Forms, excel et word. Ceci a permis d’explorer cette thématique auprès des 221 agents du secteur public de la santé dans les provinces du Haut Katanga, Lualaba, Kinshasa, Kasaï, Haut Lomami et de la Tshopo au cours des mois d’août à décembre 2023. Il était composé de 19 questions et n’avait aucun caractère contraignant donc a requis le consentement éclairé des professionnels de santé qui ont été inclus ipso facto dans les observations.
Résultats : Il est intéressant de noter que la grande majorité des participants (95,48%) ont été témoins ou victimes d'injustices, liées principalement aux différences de primes de risque (66,52%) et de salaires (25,79%). Ces injustices ont eu un impact significatif sur les participants, les conduisant à ressentir de la frustration (78,28 %), de la dévalorisation (12,67 %) et de la démotivation (3,62 %). Concernant la scission au sein du Ministère de la Santé Publique, une large majorité des participants (91,86%) voit une utilité à cette scission. Ils sont conscients des avantages de la scission, notamment l'allocation de ressources financières (46,67%) et une meilleure gestion budgétaire (33,48). Ces résultats mettent en évidence les défis auxquels est confronté le secteur de la santé publique, notamment en matière de revendications salariales et de primes de risque. Ils soulignent également l'importance d'une réforme en profondeur pour répondre aux besoins du système de santé congolais. En évaluant la possibilité d’une scission au sein de ce ministère, l’article apporte une contribution théorique significative en mettant en lumière les tensions et les dysfonctionnements au sein de l’organisation gouvernementale.
Contribution unique à la théorie et à la politique : L'originalité de cet article réside dans le fait qu'il aborde de manière approfondie les grèves répétitives au sein du ministère de la Santé publique en République Démocratique du Congo. L'étude se concentre sur l'évaluation du malaise ressenti par les employés, en mettant en lumière la possibilité d'une scission au sein de l'organisation. Cette approche permet d'explorer les motivations des grévistes, les enjeux organisationnels et les implications potentielles d'une scission, offrant ainsi une perspective unique sur les défis auxquels est confronté le ministère de la Santé publique en RDC.
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de Villers, Gauthier. "Identifications et mobilisations au Congo-Kinshasa." Politique africaine 72, no. 1 (1998): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1998.6174.
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Political identifications and mobilisations in Congo-Kinshasa. The observation of developments under the Kabila regime shows the importance of four factors of political identification and mobilisation : «nativeness», «Zairianity», «ethno-regionalism» and «generation». The second of these factors is linked to the conditions of the advent of a new government, while the others already had a driving force under the «democratic transition» and in previous periods in the history of the country.
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Simon-Decap, Mabakutuvangilanga Ntela, Feti Kisiata Julien, Mukeba Nkashama Jacques, Munanga Kabasele Aimé, Ramazani Jean-Bosco, Ramazani Bin Eradi Imani, Matoko Nzinga Flavienne, Margat Aurore, and Rothan-Tondeur Monique. "Covid-19 dans la ville de Kinshasa : Représentations sociales chez les fugitifs du confinement." Interdisciplinary Research Journal and Archives 2 (June 25, 2021): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36966/irjar2021.1.
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Upon the announcement of lockdown of Kinshasa (The capital city of the Democratic Republic of Congo) due to increase cases of corona virus infections, a wave of fear and concern arose among the population of the city causing a massive population’s displacement towards neighboring provinces. This is to contextualize a phenomenological qualitative study exploring the social representation of COVID-19, the motivations influencing the shift of population and the discourses of the subjects on the care strategies, or “therapeutic artifacts” proposed by this population of Kinshasa. The analysis of 19 semi-structured interviews highlighted the presence of five categories of representations of COVID-19: imaginary disease, disease for businessmen, invention for demographic purposes, war between states and, divine punishment. In addition, four types of motivation have influenced the movement of the population: socioeconomic crisis, insecurity, ban of churches and, easy access to traditional treatment. This study finally shows that the fugitive population uses traditional therapies (herbalists and traditional beliefs, including prayers and sorcery) to cope with this pandemic. Improving knowledge, strengthening the communication system and interventions aimed at changing social representations causing negative images of COVID-19 are recommended.
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Adeito Mavunda, Célestin, Madjouma Kanda, Fousséni Folega, Demirel Maza-esso Bawa, Bilouktime Badjare, John Katembo Mukirania, Marra Dourma, and Koffi Akpagana. "Kinshasa Province (Democratic Republic of Congo): Typology of Peri-Urban Ecosystems Providing Edible Insects." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 1, 2023): 11823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511823.
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Tropical peri-urban ecosystems are essential for the urban population’s well-being through the goods and services they provide. Unfortunately, these ecosystems are subjected to anthropogenic pressures for various reasons. This study aims to assess the diversity and structure of the peri-urban ecosystems that provide the most edible insects in Kinshasa. A total of 360 people were interviewed to identify the two insect species most frequently consumed. The tree inventory was carried out in 50 plots (2500 m2 each), of which 25 were in Acacia plantations, 10 were planted Milletia forests, and 15 were natural Millettia forests. The diameters of each tree, dbh ≥ 10 cm, were measured. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish the forest communities. Diversity indices were used to assess floristic variability and structural parameters were used to characterize forest stands. Two insects were identified as being the most commonly consumed in Kinshasa: Gonimbrasia jamesoni (28%) and Cirina forda (27%), found the in Acacia plantation, and in the planted Milletia forests and natural Milletti forest, respectively. The results indicate floristic (higher in the Acacia plantation) and structural variability between stands. The structure of the stands indicates good news for all forests, except the planted forest. The high frequency/dominance of A. auriculiformis and M. laurentii in the peri-urban ecosystems of Kinshasa would therefore be optimal conditions (under natural conditions) for good production of these two caterpillar species.
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Berrueta, Mabel, Maria Luisa Cafferata, Musaku Mwenechanya, Dalau Nkamba Mukadi, Fernando Althabe, Eduardo Bergel, Luz Gibbons, et al. "Syphilis screening and treatment in pregnant women in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Lusaka, Zambia: a cross-sectional study." Gates Open Research 1 (December 8, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12768.1.
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Background: Congenital syphilis is associated with perinatal deaths, preterm births and congenital malformations. Low rates of syphilis screening during pregnancy and treatment of those found seropositive have been reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Zambia. We report the rates on antenatal syphilis screening, the seroprevalence of syphilis infection, and the frequency of antibiotic treatment in pregnant women screened positive for syphilis during their attendance at antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Kinshasa, DRC and Lusaka, Zambia. Methods: Women attending their first ANC were enrolled consecutively during a 9-month period in 16 and 13 ANC clinics in Kinshasa and Lusaka respectively, in the context of the baseline period of a cluster trial. Study personnel collected data on women’s characteristics, the syphilis screening practices, the test results, and the frequency of treatment, that were done under routine ANC conditions and registered in the clinic records. Results: 4,153 women in Kinshasa and 18,097 women in Lusaka were enrolled. The frequency of screening at the first visit was 59.7% (n= 2,479) in Kinshasa, and 27.8% (n=5,025) in Lusaka. Screening test availability varied. In the periods in which tests were available the screening rates were 92.8% in Kinshasa and 52.0% in Lusaka. The frequency of women screened seropositive was 0.4% (n=10) in Kinshasa and 2.2% (n=109) in Lusaka. Respectively, 10% (n=1) and 11.9% (n= 13) among seropositive women received treatment at the first visit. Conclusions: The results of the study show that screening for syphilis in pregnancy is not universal even when supplies are available. Our ongoing trial will evaluate the impact of a behavioral intervention on changing health providers’ practices to increase screening and treatment rates when supplies are available.
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Mukubu Pika, Léa, Trésor Mbavumoja Selemani, Roselande Jesuka, Jean Pierre Pitchou Meniko To Hulu, Kouagou Raoul Sambieni, Yannick Useni Sikuzani, and Jan Bogaert. "Practice and Biodiversity of Informal Ornamental Horticulture in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Ecologies 5, no. 1 (February 8, 2024): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecologies5010006.
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Biodiversity conservation is a key factor in meeting sustainable development goals. This is even more important in cities, where green spaces are becoming increasingly scarce. This study analyzes Kinshasa’s proliferating ornamental plant nurseries, known as informal horticultural sites (IHSs). The analysis focused on characterizing the profile of horticulturists, their production conditions, and the ornamental species produced. A total of 15 IHSs were sampled using the “snowball” technique, and 178 horticulturists were surveyed. Based on the socio-professional profile of the horticulturists, five groups of IHS are distinguished after a hierarchical clustering of principal components (HCPC). We found that IHSs exclusively employed men, most of whom were new to the trade, from all levels of education, and most of whom ranged from 19 to 45 years old. Production conditions are relatively similar from one site to another. However, all IHSs are characterized by permanent land insecurity, the use of phytosanitary products, plant-conditioning methods that are not very diversified and calibrated to growers’ investment capacities, and diversified seed acquisition methods. A total of 139 ornamental species, most of them exotic, were identified. Of these, 37% are phanerophytes, and 24% are considered potentially invasive. We suggest ways of professionalizing the activity and protecting the urban environment.
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Tshikeba Kabantu, Martin, Raphael Muamba Tshimanga, Jean Marie Onema Kileshye, Webster Gumindoga, and Jules Tshimpampa Beya. "A GIS-based estimation of soil erosion parameters for soil loss potential and erosion hazard in the city of Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-51-2018.
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Abstract. Soil erosion has detrimental impacts on socio economic life, thus increasing poverty. This situation is aggravated by poor planning and lack of infrastructure especially in developing countries. In these countries, efforts to planning are challenged by lack of data. Alternative approaches that use remote sensing and geographical information systems are therefore needed to provide decision makers with the so much needed information for planning purposes. This helps to curb the detrimental impacts of soil erosion, mostly emanating from varied land use conditions. This study was carried out in the city of Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo with the aim of using alternative sources of data, based on earth observation resources, to determine the spatial distribution of soil loss and erosion hazard in the city of Kinshasa. A combined approach based on remote sensing skills and rational equation of soil erosion estimation was used. Soil erosion factors, including rainfall-runoff erosivity R), soil erodibility (K), slope steepness and length (SL), crop/vegetation and management (C) were calculated for the city of Kinshasa. Results show that soil loss in Kinshasa ranges from 0 to 20 t ha−1 yr−1. Most of the south part of the urban area were prone to erosion. From the total area of Kinshasa (996 500 ha), 25 013 ha (2.3 %) is of very high ( > 15 t ha−1 yr−1) risk of soil erosion. Urban areas consist of 4.3 % of the area with very high ( > 15 t ha−1 yr−1) risk of soil erosion compared to a very high risk of 2.3 % ( > 15 t ha−1 yr−1) in the rural area. The study shows that the soil loss in the study area is mostly driven by slope, elevation, and informal settlements.
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di M’balu Joachim, Umba, Masimango N. Thaddée, and Mvumbi Lelo. "Inhibition du développement de l’Aspergillus flavus par l’acide acétique: Analyse de trois expériences réalisées à Kinshasa- RD Congo." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 45, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 7809–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v45-1.5.
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L’Aspergillus flavus est un champignon cosmopolite, très répandu dans la nature et susceptible de contaminer plusieurs aliments. C’est un champignon qui fait beaucoup parler de lui depuis qu’on a découvert qu’il secrète de métabolites hautement toxiques, les aflatoxines, cancérigènes et exerçant d’autres effets nuisibles sur la santé des hommes et des animaux. En effet, les aflatoxines sont de métabolites toxiques secondaires biosynthétisés par certaines souches de micromycètes, notamment Aspergillus flavus. (En fait le terme est un moyen mnémotechnique pour dire : toxines d’Aspergillus flavus).Elles sont produites lorsque les champignons se trouvent dans des conditions de forte humidité relative (80-90%) conjointement à une température élevée (20-30°C).Les dégâts imputables aux aflatoxines sont nombreux aussi bien sur le plan de la santé (humaine et animale) que sur l’économie. En considérant que les mycotoxines ne peuvent jamais être complètement absentes ou éliminées des denrées alimentaires, divers moyens de lutte biologique, chimique ou physique empêchant le développement du champignon produisant l’Aspergillus flavus ont été essayés. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire connaître trois expériences de lutte des aflatoxines par l’acide acétique et de comparer si les résultats obtenus avec les extraits de caieux d’Allium sativum et d’écorces racinaires de Diospyros heterosictricha utilisé comme biopesticides pour inhiber la croissance mycélienne d’Aspergillus flavus. Il ressort des analyses que l’acide acétique exerce effectivement un pouvoir inhibiteur à des pourcentages différents sur le développement de l’Aspergillus flavus. La dose minimale efficace varie d’un auteur à un autre même lorsque les essais sont effectués dans de conditions comparables mais surtout en fonction de dilution. La dose minimale efficace d’inhibition d’Aspergillus flavus est située à 400 ppm (0,04%) estiment certains auteurs. Par contre, d’autres pensent qu’elle est comprise entre 0,02 ml à 15 ml. ABSTRACT Aspergillus flavus is a cosmopolitan fungus, widely distributed in nature and capable of contaminating several foods. It is a mushroom that has been talked about a lot since it was discovered that it secretes highly toxic metabolites, the aflatoxins, carcinogens and having other harmful effects on the health of humans and animals. Aflatoxins are secondary toxic Umba et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.45 (1): 7809-7821 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v45-1.5 7810 metabolites biosynthesized by certain strains of micromycetes, notably Aspergillus flavus. (In fact the term is a mnemonic means to say: toxins of Aspergillus flavus). They are produced when the mushrooms are in conditions of high relative humidity (80-90%) together with a high temperature (20-30°C). The damage attributable to aflatoxins is numerous both in terms of health (human and animal) and in terms of the economy. Considering that mycotoxins can never be completely absent or eliminated from food, various means of biological, chemical or physical control preventing the development of the fungus producing Aspergillus flavus have been tried. The objective of this work is to make known three experiences of aflatoxin control by acetic acid and to compare if the results obtained with the extracts of cloves of Allium sativum and root barks of Diospyros heterosictricha used as biopesticides to inhibit the mycelial growth of Aspergillus flavus. Analyses show that acetic acid effectively exerts inhibitory power at different percentages on the development of Aspergillus flavus. The minimum effective dose varies from one author to another even when the tests are carried out under comparable conditions but especially according to dilution. The minimum effective inhibition dose of Aspergillus flavus is located at 400 ppm (0.04%) believe some authors. On the other hand, others think that it is between 0.02 ml to 15 ml.
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Pascal, Atuba Mamenepi, Kakwaka Katombe Crispin, Buzangu Mbikayi Alexis, Djongo Maunga Bertine, Mangbala Ekibe Didier, Mokili Sambwa Yves, Andjelani Ngongo Angel, Lofandjola Masumbuko Jacques, and Tshimungu Kandolo Felicien. "Frequency and Socio-Demographic, Cultural, Economic and Obstetrical Determinants the Late Use of Antenatal Consultations in the City Province of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Haya: The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjls.2023.v08i01.004.
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Objective: the study was planned to determine the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations (ANC) in the City Province of Kinshasa, and to identify the socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetric determinants; to help improve maternal and child health. Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in October 2018 in the health zone of Matete and that of N'sele. 456 mothers took part by answering a questionnaire made available to them with supporting explanation. Data were statistically analyzed using jamovi 1.6.23 software. Descriptive analyzes and logistical regression made it possible to achieve the purpose of the study. Results: 74.1% of mothers had initiated ANC late. The main determinants were: residence in the N'sele’s Health Zone [OR = 3.61 (2.04 – 6.39); p ˂ 0.001]; low level of education [OR = 10.07 (2.68 – 37.87); p ˂ 0.001] or secondary level [OR = 4.61 (1.78 – 11.98); p≤0.002]; marriage [OR = 1.93 (1.04 – 3.59); p ≤ 0.037] as well as dietary restrictions during pregnancy [OR = 2.20 (1.11 – 4.36); p≤0.024]. Conclusion: the frequency of late recourse to antenatal consultations is very high in the City Province of Kinshasa. Strategies to encourage women to initiate early antenatal visits should focus on improving socio-demographic, cultural, economic and obstetrical conditions without forgetting the political and health aspects. The cultural consideration will have to hold the attention of the decision-makers or investigators to the projects related to this problem.
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Mees, F., R. Adriaens, A. Delgado-Huertas, D. Delvaux, P. Lahogue, C. Mpiana, and L. Tack. "Palygorskite-bearing fracture fills in the Kinshasa area, DR Congo – an exceptional mode of palygorskite vein development." South African Journal of Geology 122, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25131/sajg.122.0013.
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Abstract Tectonic fractures in Palaeozoic strata of the Kinshasa area, DR Congo, locally host palygorskite-bearing veins and associated calcite occurrences. The palygorskite deposits are typically massive, with a varying degree of alignment of clay particles, a higher quartz content than the arkose substrate, and a variable amount of smectite (montmorillonite). The associated calcite occurrences are macrocrystalline coatings and infillings, and more fine-grained calcite veins with cataclastic texture. The calcite coatings and infillings formed from solution in earth surface conditions, as recorded by their stable isotope signature. The palygorskite-dominated deposits in the fractures formed at a later stage, in a setting without indications of authigenic mineral formation related to hydrothermal activity or to low-temperature interaction of solutions with the local substrate. The veins most likely formed by vertical infiltration of suspended matter in fractures that extended to a post-Palaeozoic palaeosurface, during or after deposition of palygorskite-bearing Upper Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments. This represents an exceptional mode of palygorskite vein development, unrelated to any form of mineral authigenesis that is typically invoked to explain vein-type occurrences of palygorskite and related minerals.
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Mpaka, Davin Mbeya, Adelin Makubu N’situ, Thierry Matonda-Ma-Nzuzi, Ally Omba Ndjukendi, Joachim Ebwel Mukau, Gilbert Lelo Mananga, Daniel E.-Andjafono Luwa Okitundu, et al. "Clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders: a cross-sectional study of cases attended at three centers specializing in neurodevelopmental disorders in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)." Annales Africaines de Medecine 16, no. 4 (September 28, 2023): e5291-e5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v16i4.3.
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Context and objective. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries are poorly studied. The aim of the present study was to describe the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of children with autism and to identify associated factors.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of children with ASD attended at three specialized centers in Kinshasa. We confirmed a ASD diagnosis through clinical observation using Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders four Text Revision (DSM-VI-TR) criteria and standardized autism diagnostic tools. We analyzed socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and main comorbidities of ASD. The comparison of proportions was done using Pearson’s chi-square test. One-way ANOVAs were calculated to test differences in averages.
Results. A total of 120 children (72.5 % male) were examined. Their mean age at diagnosis was 7.83 ± 3.4 years, while parents were alerted at 1.8 ±0.78 years. Language delays were the main alert sign (54%) and the main symptom (62%). Social interaction disorders (11.7 %) were under-reported by parents. The core signs of ASD were disorders of social interaction (90.5%), behavior (80%) and language (62.5%). The main ASD symptoms were associated with epilepsy (p=0.027), cerebral palsy (p=0.026) and hearing impairment (p=0.045).
Conclusion. The diagnostic and language delay co-occurring with epilepsy and hearing impairment are the main clinical features of autism in the DRC. This study suggests that screening children for autism and its main comorbidities using a multidisciplinary approach should be a priority in Kinshasa.
Contexte et objectif. Les troubles de spectre de l’autisme (TSA) en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS) sont très peu étudiés. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’examiner les caractéristiques socio-démographiques et clinique des enfants avec autisme et d’identifier les facteurs associés.
Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale des enfants avec TSA des trois centres spécialisés à Kinshasa. Le diagnostic de l’autisme était confirmé par l’observation cliniques selon les critères diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders four Text Revision (DSM-VITR) et les outils diagnostiques standardisés de childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R). Les paramètres d’intérêt englobaient les données sociodémographiques et cliniques ainsi que les principales comorbidités. La comparaison des proportions a été faite à l’aide test du chi-carré de Pearson. Des ANOVA à sens unique ont été calculées pour tester les différences de moyennes.
Résultats. Au total, 120 enfants (sexe masculin 72,5 %) ont été examinés. Leur âge moyen au moment du diagnostic était de 7,83 ± 3,4 ans alors que les parents étaient alertés à 1,8 ±0,78 ans. Les retards de langage étaient le principal signe d'alerte (54 %) et le principal symptôme (62 %). Les troubles des interactions sociales (11,7 %) étaient sous rapportés par les parents. Les principaux signes étaient les troubles de l'interaction sociale (90,5 %), du comportement (80 %) et du langage (62,5 %). Les principaux symptômes des TSA étaient associés à l'épilepsie (p=0,027), à la paralysie cérébrale (p=0,026) et à une déficience auditive (p=0,045).
Conclusion. Le profil clinique de l’autisme en RDC se caractérise par le retard de diagnostic et de langage en cooccurrence avec l'épilepsie et la déficience auditive. Le dépistage de l'autisme et ses principales comorbidités chez les enfants dans une approche multidisciplinaire sont prioritaires à Kinshasa.
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Nguvulu Lufuma, Stève. "Problématique de l’exercice du petit commerce en République Démocratique du Congo : Cas de la ville de Kinshasa." Revue Congolaise des Sciences & Technologies 2, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.59228/rcst.023.v2.i4.54.
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Il s’est dégagé de cette étude consacré à la problématique de l’exercice du petit commerce en République Démocratique du Congo, dont les petits commerçants congolais ont toujours rencontré des difficultés par rapport à l’application des textes qui interdissent aux expatriés d’exercer les petits commerces ainsi le commerce en détail. En effet, l’ordonnance-loi n°90-046 du 08 août 1990 sur le petit commerce s’est révélée inapplicable du fait d’abord de ces conditions d’exercice qui sont peu réalistes et ne tiennent pas compte des réalités socio-économique qui définissent la conjoncture actuelle de notre pays, du phénomène de manque d’instruction remarqué chez la plupart des petits commerçants, d’où la présence du décret n°011/37 du 11 octobre 2011 portant mesures conservatoire en matière d’exercice du petit commerce et du commerce en détail, de l’ordonnance-loi n°13/009 du 23 février 2013 modifiée et complétée certaines dispositions lacunaires en en matières du petit commerce. En fin, il s’est montré que les raisons d’une applicabilité de la loi tenaient au manque de la vulgarisation de ces lois qui déjouait ainsi aux exigences d’une sécurisation des activités du petit commerce ainsi que les contrôles efficaces. Car ce secteur du petit commerce joue un rôle important dans l’économie tant par sa contribution à l’emploi que par son poids dans la valeur ajoutée. Mots clés : Petit commerce, commerçant, principes, nationalité, capacité.
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KISAL, Rigobert MAVUDILA, Romain MAVUDILA KONGO, Emeri KAFINGA LUZOLO, Léon SHONGO ONASAKA, and Paul MANAYALA KIFU. "Profil Etiologique De L’Anémie Dans La Zone De Santé De Lemba, Ville De Kinshasa En République Démocratique Du Congo." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 41, no. 2 (November 5, 2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v41.2.5750.
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L'anémie constitue un problème majeur de la santé publique à travers le monde malgré l'amélioration remarquable des conditions de vie. Elle est classée par l'OMS comme l'un des dix problèmes les plus sérieux du monde et sa prévalence est plus élevée en Afrique dans le pays envoi de développement (OMS, 2019). Notre objectif est de décrire les profils épidémiologique et étiologique des cas d'anémies prises en charge dans la Zone de Santé de Lemba. Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective menée durant 1 an, allant de Janvier 2019 à décembre 2019 et portant sur 797 patients. La prévalence de l’anémie au sein de la Zone de Santé de Lemba est de 38,1%. Le poids moyen suivi de l’écart-type de nos patients est de 57,6±8,6 kg. Les patients appartenant au groupe d’âge de 20-24 ans sont le plus touchés, soit (31%). Le ménage avec 2 à 3 enfants développe plus l’anémie, soit (28%). Les patients habitant le milieu périphérique de la zone de santé souffrent plus de l’anémie que les autres, soit (31%). 68% de patient souffrant de l’anémie ont un niveau d’étude primaire. La survenue d'une anémie chez l'adulte peut représenter un véritable défit diagnostique pour l'interniste et cela parfois dans un contexte d'urgence. Le recours à des examens spécialisés peut s'imposer.
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Bangata, B. M., K. N. Mobambo, A. Ngwibaba, and N. Ngbenelo. "Evaluation de la performance de douze essences forestières arborescentes au cours de leur première année d’installation à Kinshasa/Plateau des Batéké, RD Congo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 4 (October 29, 2022): 1423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i4.6.
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Dans le but de restaurer la fertilité des sols et d’améliorer la productivité des cultures, une étude a été menée du 20 novembre 2018 au 22 novembre 2019 en vue d’évaluer dans les conditions agroécologiques du plateau de Batéké la performance de 12 espèces forestières arborescentes à croissance rapide. Celles-ci peuvent être utilisées dans un système agroforestier en vue de créer les conditions susceptibles à l’amélioration des techniques de production des cultures vivrières, notamment les bananiers en conditions agroécologiques de Kinshasa. 12 espèces ont été utilisées dont quatre légumineuses Milletia laurentii De Wild, Acacia auriculiformis Benth, Inga edulis Mart. et Pterocarpus acuminatus (Graham in Wallich) Kuntze; quatre non légumineuses, Lanea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl., Maesopsis eminii Engl., Gmelina arborea Roxb. et Terminalia superba Anglais. & Diels ainsi que quatre arbres fruitiers Dacryodes edulis (D.Don) H.J.Lam, Mangifera indica L., Persea americana Miller et Eugenia rosa. Suivant le dispositif en blocs complets randomisés avec 3 répétitions, les résultats obtenus ont montré que Acacia auriculiformis Benth, P. acuminatus (Graham in Wallich) Kuntze ont présenté une croissance et un développement biomassique plus que les autres espèces du groupe des légumineuses. Il en est de même pour Maesopsis eminii Engl. et Gmelina arborea Roxb. qui ont présenté des valeurs élevées que les autres espèces forestières non légumineuses. Enfin, Persea américana Miller et Mangifera indica L. viennent également en tête pour les espèces fruitières. Toutes ces six espèces précitées peuvent être recommandées à être disposées en couloirs, en association permanente afin de fournir des matières organiques au sol en vue d’augmenter le rendement des cultures vivrières.
With the aim of restoring soil fertility and improving crop productivity, a study was conducted from November 20, 2018 to November 22, 2019 to assess the performance of 12 fast-growing tree forest species under the agroecological conditions of the Batéké plateau. These can be used in an agroforestry system to create conditions for improving food crop production techniques, particularly banana under the agroecological conditions of Kinshasa. 12 species were used, including four leguminous species, Milletia laurentii De Wild, Acacia auriculiformis Benth, Inga edulis Mart. and Pterocarpus acuminatus (Graham in Wallich) Kuntze; four non-leguminous species, Lanea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl., Maesopsis eminii Engl, Gmelina arborea Roxb. and Terminalia superba English. & Diels and four fruit trees Dacryodes edulis (D.Don) H.J.Lam, Mangifera indica L., Persea americana Miller and Eugenia rosa. Following the randomized complete block design with 3 replications, the results obtained showed that Acacia auriculiformis Benth, P. acuminatus (Graham in Wallich) Kuntze showed a higher growth and biomass development than the other species of the legume group. The same is true for Maesopsis eminii Engl. and Gmelina arborea Roxb. which presented high values than the other non-leguminous forest species. Finally, Persea américana Miller and Mangifera indica L. also came out on top for fruit species. All these six species can be recommended to be arranged in corridors, in permanent association in order to provide organic matter to the soil to increase the yield of food crops.
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Fina Lubaki, Jean-Pierre, Joel M. Francis, and Olufemi Babatunde Omole. "Perspectives of healthcare providers and persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus on improving glycaemic control in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: a qualitative study." BMJ Public Health 2, no. 1 (April 2024): e000580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjph-2023-000580.
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IntroductionGlycaemic control remains suboptimal in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Defining interventions to improve glycaemic control requires a clear knowledge of factors driving poor glycaemic control. Qualitative studies exploring the perspectives of key stakeholders on this issue are lacking in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of persons with type 2 diabetes and healthcare providers on ways to improve glycaemic control in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.MethodsThis qualitative study used face-to-face, semistructured interviews on 26 purposively sampled participants: 10 persons with type 2 diabetes and 16 healthcare providers. The study used deductive, constructionist and thematic analyses. Themes were organised and integrated using the WHO Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework.ResultsThe healthcare providers recommended better preparation of the healthcare system for better care of diabetes. This is achieved through training of healthcare providers, equipping healthcare structures and organising a reliable drug delivery system. Healthcare providers must also act to ensure that patients get adequate support from their surroundings and the community by providing adequate information about diabetes. The policy environment must create conditions for alleviating the cost of care and prevention of diabetes. In addition, patients with diabetes identified three needs: need mainly for financial support to overcome the cost of diabetes, knowledge for better self-management of the illness and support from healthcare providers to succeed in self-management.ConclusionImproving glycaemic control in persons with type 2 diabetes requires multidimensional strategies, with particular focus on empowering patients and their families for efficient self-management, strengthening the healthcare system for diabetes care and greater involvement of the government in terms of funding and adopting positive policies. To be efficient, these interventions need to be integrated into the chronic diseases management framework.
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Dinkulu, Serge, Edith Mukwanseke, Longo Flavien Lutete, Adrian Hopkins, Rudolf Friedrich Guthoff, and Thomas Stahnke. "Predictive value of retinal function by the Purkinje test in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in Kinshasa, DR Congo." International Journal of Ophthalmology 14, no. 9 (September 18, 2021): 1392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2021.09.14.
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AIM: To assess the retinal function in patients with dense cataracts in resource poor settings in Kinshasa, DR Congo. METHODS: In a tertiary eye care center, the Purkinje entoptic test was performed as part of the ophthalmological examination in 98 eyes in patients with cataract, using a penlight. Totally 92 cataract patients including 86 patients suffered from unilateral and 6 from bilateral cataracts were included in the study. The investigator asked the patients about their perception of the vascular pattern most commonly described as a leafless or dead tree. Visual acuity≥6/60 was considered an indication of good visual function and visual acuity<6/60 of poor function. Following small incision cataract surgery, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was determined and compared with the preoperative findings. RESULTS: Out of 98 eyes, there were 80 (81.6%) where the Purkinje entoptic phenomenon was reported by the patients. After cataract surgery, out of the 80 eyes, there were 75 (93.8%) with a BCVA of better than 6/60, whereas in 5 eyes (6.2%), BCVA was 6/60 or less. Out of the 18 eyes (18.4%) where no Purkinje tree was recognized, there were 14 (77.8%) with BCVA of better than 6/60, whereas in 4 (22.2%) BCVA was 6/60 or less. CONCLUSION: The Purkinje entoptic test is successfully used for preoperative assessment of retinal function in patients with dense cataract. However, further investigation and refinement of the test is necessary to validate the method for use in sub-Saharan conditions.
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Biey, E. M., E. D. Musibono, and W. Verstraete. "Start-up of a multi-stage system for biogas production and solid waste treatment in low-tech countries." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0262.
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Vegetable fruit garden wastes were treated anaerobically using a multistage Dranco system. The digesters were composed of three 50 L vessels kept in mesophilic conditions. They were operating at 14.5-17% TS. By controlling the pH in the system, the start-up for biogas production was shortened to 60 days. The pH correction was a buffering which enhanced methanogenic activity in the digesters. With a loading rate of 4.1 kg VS/m3reactor.day, the production of biogas was 5 m3/m3reactor.day, and 60-70% methane content. This allowed making a multisystem by starting every 3 weeks with new vessels in order to maintain biogas production, to be used in industries or in local communities in low-tech countries. The designed model was started in Kinshasa (Congo) where a project is expected to treat one ton of solid waste on a daily basis, for a production of 100 m3 biogas. This cost effectiveness of the system is demonstrated and presents the opportunity for biowaste treatment coupled with environmental protection and substantial energy recovery.
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Mudinga, Emery Mushagalusa, Janvier Kilosho Buraye, and Anuarite Bashizi. "Modernisation minière, fragmentation sociale et création des anormaux en République démocratique du Congo." Africa Development 47, no. 4 (January 10, 2023): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i4.2982.
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L’article part du cas d’étude de la chefferie de Luhwindja – une collectivité située à l’est de la RDC – où, depuis l’année 2005, est mis en oeuvre un programme de modernisation minière à travers la multinationale canadienne dénommée Banro. Au-delà de ses effets sur les conditions de vie des populations locales et leur environnement, l’article rend compte de la manière dont la modernisation minière a reconfiguré les dynamiques sociales locales et transformé le rapport des populations locales à l’autorité. D’où l’on déduit le caractère d’une modernité insécurisée. Se basant sur les entretiens, les discussions en groupe, l’observation et l’expérience des auteurs, l’étude renseigne que la modernisation minière, en ayant promu l’investissement privé et attiré des entreprises capitalistes dans les régions minières en RDC, ces dernières ont déstructuré les équilibres de pouvoir existant dans l’arène locale, et ce, par la répression et l’instrumentalisation des luttes sociales locales existantes. C’est cette logique de diviser pour régner – susceptible de contribuer et de renforcer la fragmentation sociale – qui a alors rendu possible le processus de modernisation minière malgré toutes les stratégies de résistance des populations dans les zones concernées en République démocratique du Congo.
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Mbwinzo, Clélie, Jérémie Masidi Muwonga, Gustave Ntita Ilunga, Blaise Matondo Sumbu, Mamy Zita Ngole, Dophie Tshibuela Beya, Jonathan Ibana Kukila, et al. "Evaluation de Performances analytiques de l’hémoglobinomètre HEMOCUE® Hb 201+ : étude observationnelle analytique monocentrique réalisée aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo." Annales Africaines de Medecine 17, no. 1 (January 3, 2024): e5468-e5474. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aamed.v17i1.4.
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Context an objective : The dosage of hemoglobin (Hb) is challenging particularly in rural setting. This dosage can be done using “Point of Care” (POC) material within rural areas and emergency situations. The present study aimed to assess the POC HemoCue® Hb 201+.
Methods. This was an analytical cross-sectional study comparing the rates of the dosage of Hb carried out on HemoCue® Hb 201+ hemoglobinometer and those obtained with Mindray BC-5150 automaton in Kinshasa University Hospital, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Results: Two hundred subjects were involved in the study. Mean and median Hb rates were 10,438 ± 2,741 g/dl and 10,600 g/dl (IQR: 8,675-12,300 g/dl) by Mindray BC-5150, respectively and mean rate of Hb was 10,5 ± 2,756 g/dl and the median rate was 10,900 g/dl (IQR: 8,775 - 12,300 g/dl) by the HemoCue® Hb 201+, respectively. The linear regression revealed a positive relationship between the Hb rates obtained on an automaton Mindray BC- 5150 and those obtained on the HemoCue® Hb 201+. The diagram of Bland Altman showed limits of agreement between automaton Mindray BC- 5150 and HemoCue® Hb 201+.
Conclusion: This study showed that the POC HemoCue® Hb 201+ provided similar results to those of the automaton Mindray BC-5150. Thus, HemoCue® Hb 201+ can be used in emergency services or even in medical institutions that do not have or do not meet the conditions for the use of hematology analyzers in the DRC.
Contexte & objectif : Le dosage du taux de l’hémoglobine est un véritable défi en milieu rural où les laboratoires sont moins équipés. Et pourtant, cette analyse, réalisée au moyen des équipements plus au moins sophistiqués, permettant de confirmer une anémie, peut être facilitée par l’utilisation des Points of care (POC). Le POC Hemocue® Hb 201+, utilisé dans certains sites pour ce faire, n’a jamais été évalué. L’objectif de la présenté étude était d’évaluer les performances du POC Hemocue® Hb 201+ à Kinshasa /RDC.
Méthodes. Il s’agissait d’une étude transversale, analytique comparant les taux d’Hb obtenus sur Hemocue® Hb 201+ et sur Mindray BC-5150 comme référence, aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa.
Résultats: Deux cents sujets ont été inclus. Les taux moyen et médian d’Hb sur l’automate Mindray BC-5150 ont été respectivement, de 10,438 ± 2,741 g/dl et de 10,600 g/dl (IQR : 8,675-12,300 g/dl). Le taux moyen d’Hb sur le POC Hemocue® Hb 201 a été de 10,5 ± 2,756 g/dl et le taux médian de 10,900 g/dl (IQR : 8,775 - 12,300 g/dl). La régression linéaire a mis en évidence une relation positive entre les taux d’Hb dosés sur automate Mindray BC- 5150 et ceux dosés sur HemoCue® Hb 201+. Le diagramme de Bland Altman a montré des limites d’accord entre l’automate Mindray BC- 5150 et Hemocue® Hb 201.
Conclusion: Cette étude a montré que le POC HemoCue® Hb 201+ fournissait des résultats
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Mwanamoki, Paola M., Naresh Devarajan, Florian Thevenon, Emmanuel K. Atibu, Joseph B. Tshibanda, Patience Ngelinkoto, Pius T. Mpiana, et al. "Assessment of pathogenic bacteria in water and sediment from a water reservoir under tropical conditions (Lake Ma Vallée), Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, no. 10 (July 1, 2014): 6821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3891-6.
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Kapembo, Michel L., Amandine Laffite, Mathieu K. Bokolo, Aimé L. Mbanga, Marc M. Maya-Vangua, Jean-Paul Otamonga, Crispin K. Mulaji, Pius T. Mpiana, Walter Wildi, and John Poté. "Evaluation of Water Quality from Suburban Shallow Wells Under Tropical Conditions According to the Seasonal Variation, Bumbu, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Exposure and Health 8, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12403-016-0213-y.
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Proces, Pierre, Emilien Dubiez, Franck Bisiaux, Adrien Péroches, and Adeline Fayolle. "Production d’Acacia auriculiformis dans le système agroforestier de Mampu, plateau Batéké, République démocratique du Congo." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 334 (January 2, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.334.a31489.
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Géré par des communautés locales depuis plus de vingt ans, le massif agroforestier à Acacia auriculiformis de Mampu, sur le plateau Batéké en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), contribue à l’approvisionnement de Kinshasa en produits vivriers et en bois énergie. Grâce aux subventions internationales, ce système agroforestier, qui intègre la pratique de l’abattis-brûlis, est reproduit un peu partout en RDC, bien que sa performance n’ait jamais été évaluée. L’objectif de cette étude était d’estimer la production d’Acacia auriculiformis en biomasse totale et exploitable pour le charbon de bois (tige et branches de plus de 4 cm de diamètre) dans le système agroforestier. À cet effet, deux équations allométriques locales, portant sur la biomasse totale et exploitable, ont été ajustées à partir de données destructives. Des données d’inventaire existantes (n = 112 parcelles) ont permis d’identifier une grande hétérogénéité structurale sur l’ensemble de la rotation (8-10 ans) mais également entre parcelles du même âge. Malgré cette hétérogénéité qui peut s’expliquer par la diversité des conditions environnementales sur le site et/ou les disparités dans l’appropriation de l’itinéraire technique, la production reste néanmoins comparable à celle observée sur d’autres sites avec, en moyenne, 145 tonnes par hectare en 10 ans. Le système agroforestier de Mampu présente de nombreux avantages, des services directs avec la création d’emplois ruraux, et la production combinée de produits vivriers et de charbon de bois, mais aussi des services indirects, comme la déforestation évitée, et le stockage du carbone. La durabilité et la diffusion de ce système agroforestier peuvent néanmoins être discutées.
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Muayila, KH, and E. Tollens. "Assessing the impact of credit constraints on farm household economic welfare in the hinterland of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 51 (May 28, 2012): 6095–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.51.10705.
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This study investigates the impact of credit constraints on farm household economic welfare. Data were cross sectional and collected at household level in the Hinterland of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. The sample survey consists of 202 farm households randomly selected. The survey was conducted from February to March 2008. The non-parametric method known as the Propensity Score Matching was applied to compute the impact of credit constraints on farm household welfare. The credit constraints were identified based on direct questions to households about their credit status. The household economic welfare was measured using the consumption approach. The results from descriptive statistics establish the existence of high level of credit constraints among farm households in the area of study. The majority of farm households (71%) have to endure credit constraints. The results of descriptive statistics indicate that the lack of collateral, the loan terms conditions, the credit technology, the higher level of agricultural risks, the high interest rates and the low returns on farming activities explain the limited access to credit by farmers. The results of logit model show that household social capital, household access to remittances, household land holding and household access to extension service tend to reduce the probability of being credit constrained, while the household size tends to increase the propensity of being credit constrained. The results of the propensity score matching report that credit constraints reduce per capita food consumption per day from -197 FC to -219 FC (-0.35$ to -0.39$). The impact of credit constraints on per capita non-food consumption per day is quite difficult to be supported. The results report that only ATT obtained from Radius estimator shows a negative and significant effect at p<0.010. The average effect of credit constraints on per capita total consumption per day is estimated at about -328 FC (-0.59$) under Radius matching, -269FC (-0.48 $) under Kernel matching and -280 FC (-0.50$) under Stratification matching. The average impact on the ratio of per capita total consumption per day to poverty line of 1$ and to poverty line of 2$ ranges from -0.59 to 0, 48 and from -0.29 to -0.23, respectively. The study concludes that the improvement of farm household access to credit could result in increasing economic welfare.
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Lee, Tae-Hun, Jae-Hyun Han, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Young-A. Choi, Dong Won Kim, Sang-Soo Lee, and Moo-Eob Ahn. "A Sustainable Ambulance Operation Model in a Low-Resource Country (the Democratic Republic of Congo)." Emergency Medicine International 2018 (August 28, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8701957.
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Due to an increase in traffic collisions, the demand for prehospital medical services is on the rise, even in low-resource countries where emergency ambulance services have not been previously provided. To build a sustainable and continuous prehospital ambulance operation model, it is necessary to consider the medical system and economic conditions of the corresponding country. In an attempt to construct a prehospital ambulance operation model that ensures continuous operation, a pilot “emergency patient transporting service from field to hospital” operation was established for approximately three months in Kinshasa, the capital of the DR Congo. To construct a continuously operating model even after the pilot operation, willingness to pay (WTP) by type of emergency medical and transport service was investigated by implementing the contingent valuation method (CVM). Using CVM, the WTP for prehospital emergency services targeting ambulance services personnel, patients, policemen, and hospital staff participating in the pilot operation was calculated. The results of the pilot operation revealed that there were a total of 212 patients with a mean patient number of 2.4 per day. A total of 155 patients used the services for hospital transport, while 121 patients used the services for traffic collisions. Traffic collisions were the category in which ambulance services were most frequently needed (66.2%). Pay services were most frequently utilized in the home-visit services category (40.9%). Based on these results, eight independently operated ambulance operation models and sixteen models that utilize hospital medical personnel and policemen already belonging to existing institutions were proposed. In an effort to implement emergency medical ambulance services in the DR Congo, medical staff receiving pay for performance (incentive pay) should be deployed in the field and on call. Accordingly, with respect to sustainable development goals, various pay-for-service models should be used.
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Munganga Kabate Serge, Kalala Gaëtan, Ebwa Joël, and Chady Lusia Indila. "Test of the Different Proportions of Moringa oléifera fluor on the Growth of COBB500 Chicks in Vivo in Kinshasa (DR Congo) Bay." Britain International of Exact Sciences (BIoEx) Journal 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/bioex.v5i1.812.
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In Kinshasa, to understand the influence of different proportions of Moringa incorporated into the feeding of chicks, a study was carried out on the COBB 500 chicks. 40 chicks with an average weight of 41 ± 4.71 g for the control and 42 ± 4.06 for the test batch were tested in an experimental system duplicated with foods containing 25% crude protein where diets were supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% of the Moringa flour for 21 days. After analysis of the results, we noted the following: It was found that the chicks triplet weight during the experiment in the following order: 152 ± 55.96 g for R1, 181 ± 57, 48 g for R2, 185 ± 46.36 g for R3 and 157.5 ± 27.88 g for feed R0. A non-significant difference (>0.05) was found in the STUDENT t-test, between the body weight gain of chicks fed R0 diet and those fed R1, R2, and R3. SGR (specific growth rate) was significantly correlated with the R3 regimen. Weekly consumption was not constant, and with significant increase during the experimental period. The results of mortality rates obtained during this experiment did not seem to be directly linked to the different regimes but rather to diseases, poor zootechnical construction conditions, and untimely shutdown of electricity in livestock premises. Regarding food Conversion Efficiency (ACE), it is found that diets containing 15% of Moringa show better feed conversion efficiency, with 0% diets showing a decrease in diet as the proportion in Moringa decreases. As regards the quantity of the food consumed, it should be noted that R1 was the most consumed during the experiment.
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Kayembe, John M., Merveille I. Bokwokwo, Periyasamy Sivalingam, Patience Ngelinkoto, Jean‐Paul Otamonga, Crispin K. Mulaji, Josué I. Mubedi, and John Poté. "Effect of untreated urban effluents on the accumulation of toxic metals in river sediments under tropical conditions: Funa River, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Water and Environment Journal 34, no. 2 (December 25, 2018): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/wej.12451.
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Mwanamoki, Paola M., Naresh Devarajan, Florian Thevenon, Emmanuel K. Atibu, Joseph B. Tshibanda, Patience Ngelinkoto, Pius T. Mpiana, et al. "Erratum to: Assessment of pathogenic bacteria in water and sediment from a water reservoir under tropical conditions (Lake Ma Vallée), Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 186, no. 10 (August 5, 2014): 6831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3951-y.
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MMK, Mbula, Situakibanza HNT, Mananga GL, Mbenza B Longo, Makulo JRR, Longokolo MM, Mandina MN, et al. "Atherogenic risk assessment of naive HIV-infected patients attending Infectious Diseases Service of Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)." International Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology 3, no. 1 (October 13, 2020): 040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijcmbt.1001015.
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Background and aim: Metabolic abnormalities are common in HIV/AIDS. Increasingly, lipid ratios are used as screening tools for dyslipidaemia in these medical conditions. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of 4 lipid ratios to predict cardiovascular risks. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and analytical study included 105 HIV+ patients followed in Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital (KUTH). Four indices [Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Castelli Risk Index (CRI) I and II, Atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were compared. Statistical analyzis consisted of measuring frequencies and means, Student’s t-tests, ANOVA and Ficher’s exact test, and the calculation of the Kappa value. Results: Lipid ratios predicted respectively the risk in 62% (AIP), 28.6% (CRI-I) and 23.8% (CRI-II). CRI-I and II were elevated, especially in women. The AIP appeared to be a better predictor than CRI-I and II to assess dyslipidaemia in general and the high-risk frequency. The cholesterol detected risk in 66.7% (Low HDL-C), 50% (High LDL-C), 38.9% (High TC and/or TG). The atherogenic risk was higher with age, advanced WHO stage, HIV-TB, HBV-HCV co-infections, smoking and alcohol intake. Haemoglobin (Hb) and CD4 counts were low when the risk was high. Age ≥ 50 years, stage 4 (WHO), CD4s+ ≤ 200 cells/µL were independent factors associated with atherogenic risk. Conclusion: Lipid ratios can be used as reliable tools for assessing cardiovascular risk of naïve HIV-infected patients who received HAART.
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Katumbi, Benjamin K., Gurvitch O. Nsiala, Hervé B. Ngangu, Céline F. Nyembo, and Emmanuel M. Biey. "Sustainable Recovery of Urban Organic Waste: A Case Study of Composting Waste from the Mfidi Market in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology 22, no. 2 (August 16, 2023): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v22i2480.
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Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the methods of solid waste management in the Mfidi market in order to detect the various problems and propose strategies to fight against insalubrity.
Study Design: This research consists of four parts, an introduction with literature review, a description of the study environment, the methods used and finally the results obtained.
Location and Duration of the Study: This study took place in the Mfidi market in Kinshasa from January 20 to May 15, 2023.
Methodology: The methodological approach was based on observation and experimentation. The quantification consisted in characterizing the waste, recovering the biodegradable organic fraction by the technique of composting. Then test the effectiveness of this compost in its application in the field.
Results: This study showed that the quantity of waste at the Mfidi market varies daily between 1,580 and 4,827 kg, with an average of 3,543.8 kg. With regard to the characteristics of the waste, we note that plants and others are the most important with an average proportion of 59.5%, followed respectively by cardboard and paper (16.6%), plastics (14.6 %), metals (5.4%), textiles (2.1%) and glass (1.9%). The organic fraction was recycled into compost, whose contribution to soil fertility was justified by the growth of the species Amaranthus hubridus sp.
Conclusion: The establishment of an integrated solid waste management system within the Mfidi market can guarantee sanitation conditions in this market.
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Akilimali, Pierre Z., Landry Egbende, Dynah M. Kayembe, Francis Kabasubabo, Benito Kazenza, Steve Botomba, Nguyen Toan Tran, and Désiré K. Mashinda. "COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Factors Associated with Vaccine Hesitancy: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the City of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020188.
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Vaccination against COVID-19 has been the main strategy used by most countries to limit the spread of the virus. However, vaccine uptake has been low in Africa, leading to the implementation of several interventions in order to improve vaccine coverage. This study was conducted due to the lack of information about COVID-19 vaccine coverage and the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Kinshasa city using multi-stage random sampling. A total of 2160 households were included in this study. The data were analyzed using Stata 17 software. The means and standard deviations were computed for continuous data that followed a normal distribution, whereas proportions together with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for categorical variables. The connections between dependent variables and each independent variable were tested using either Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. The logistic regression method was employed to determine the factors that are linked to hesitation in obtaining the COVID-19 immunization. The majority of respondents were aged between 25 and 34 and 35 and 49 (28.9%). During this study, 15% (95% CI [13.25–17.9]) of respondents had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy was 67% (CI95%:64.9–69.1). Among the reasons given for refusing to be vaccinated, most respondents cited concerns about the vaccine being unsafe or causing adverse reactions (45%). Among the reasons given for accepting the vaccine, 26% thought that the vaccine prevented superinfection. The factors associated with hesitancy toward the COVID-19 vaccine were female gender, an age of less than 35 years, and living in non-slum households. Despite the interventions implemented across the country, the reluctance to be vaccinated remains a problem; this could lead to poor health outcomes, especially among the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. It is important to step up awareness-raising campaigns in the community in order to increase the uptake of vaccination.
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Bisiaux, Franck, Régis Peltier, and Jean-Claude Muliele. "Plantations industrielles et agroforesterie au service des populations des plateaux Batéké, Mampu, en République Démocratique du Congo." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 301, no. 301 (September 1, 2009): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.301.a20404.
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En République démocratique du Congo, Kinshasa, la capitale accueillant les populations issues de l'exode rural et de l'insécurité accrue, concentre environ huit millions d'habitants. La ville est principalement entourée de savanes et d'îlots forestiers dégradés. La consommation en bois énergie est estimée dans une fourchette de trois à six millions de tonnes d'équivalent bois énergie par an (ce qui représenterait 0,6 à 1,2 million de tonnes de charbon de bois par an si tout le bois était carbonisé). Le projet Mampu a été conçu comme la phase pilote d'un projet de reboisement de cent mille hectares sur les sols sableux du plateau Batéké pour faire face à la pénurie de bois et de charbon. Malgré les conflits, environ huit mille hectares de plantations d'Acacia auriculiformis ont été principalement réalisées de 1987 à 1993. À partir de 1998, la plantation de Mampu a été divisée en lots de 25 ha attribués à 320 familles d'agriculteurs. La culture se fait suivant un modèle agroforestier de jachère améliorée, inspiré du modèle traditionnel de culture sur brûlis. La production totale de charbon de ce massif varie de 8 000 à 12 000 tonnes annuelles, à laquelle il faut ajouter 10 000 tonnes de manioc, 1 200 tonnes de maïs et 6 tonnes de miel. Pour le seul charbon, cela correspond à un revenu brut annuel de 2,6 millions de dollars US pour le pays. Au moins un quart revient aux propriétaires agrisylviculteurs. Le succès du projet incite à appliquer ce modèle sur les savanes des plateaux Batéké, en prenant en compte les droits fonciers traditionnels et en poursuivant la diversification et la transformation locale des produits. Cela contribuera à couvrir une part plus importante des besoins urbains en énergie renouvelable, tout en créant des emplois ruraux. Cependant, d'autres modèles de systèmes agroforestiers méritent d'être testés ou développés dans les autres conditions écologiques et socio-économiques du pays, comme la gestion du recrû naturel d'espèces locales à usages multiples appliquée dans le système traditionnel de jachère enrichie (nkunku) du Bas-Congo. (Résumé d'auteur)
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EZINGA, Odon KINSWEKI, and Bias MPURU MAZEMBE. "Vulnérabilités Environnementales Face A La Coproduction Des Services De Base En Eau Potable, Electricité Et Assainissement Dans Les Quartiers Batumona A Kimbanseke Et Talangay A N’Sele A Kinshasa-Est/ Rd Congo." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 38, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v38.2.5342.
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Le sous-équipement, la destruction rapide du cadre de vie, l’inaccessibilité aux services de base et les vulnérabilités sont les problèmes environnementaux rencontrés dans les quartiers BATUMONA à Kimbanseke et TALANGAY à N’sele dans partie-Est de la ville de Kinshasa et méritent des solutions appropriées, pour espérer aux lendemains durables dans l’aire d’étude. Les mauvaises conditions d’approvisionnement en eau potable, électricité et assainissement dans les sites étudiés sont à la base de dysfonctionnement actuel dans les sites étudiés et risque de provoquer plus tard leurs isolements. Par ailleurs, l’étude précise que le phénomène de vulnérabilité est très peu connu sur le plan scientifique et trop peu pris en compte par les décideurs et autres acteurs des dynamiques urbaines sur le continent africain en général et en particulier en République Démocratique du Congo GUIGMA & ali.,(2015), MPIANA TSHITENGE, (2015) & KABUYAYA,(2015). Les études réalisées par plusieurs auteurs précisent que posséder une connaissance relative au phénomène des vulnérabilités environnementales exigent de s’intéresser tant aux causes qu’aux conséquences de ce phénomène. Ce phénomène résulte d’une problématique complémentaire qui se rapporte aux effets socio-économiques et environnementaux de la production de l’urbanisation et de la périurbanisation. Il s’agit là de la problématique émergente de l’efficacité urbaine, qui n’est d’autre que la manière dont l’organisation de l’espace urbain produit des effets souhaités sur le triple volet social, économique et environnemental MESSINA, (2018). En rapport avec les résultats de l’étude, l’on peut considérer que dans la perception du concept de vulnérabilité environnementale, les conditions environnementales immédiates des sujets enquêtés ont beaucoup joué dans le contenu formulé sous le concept. Les précarités urbaines et plusieurs manifestations de catastrophes et risques environnementaux auxquels sont confrontés plusieurs enquêtés ont élevé les scores de deux principales assertions, à savoir : difficulté d’accès aux services de base et conditions de vie déplorables ainsi que l’exposition aux catastrophes naturelles. Les autres scores, non négligeables sont accidentels et dépendent de plusieurs contextes familiaux rencontrés par les ménages enquêtés.
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Bangata, BM, KN Ngbolua, M. Mawa, M. Minengu, and KN Mobambo. "Etude comparative de la nodulation et du rendement de quelques variétés d’arachide (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabaceae) cultivées en conditions éco-climatiques de Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v7i3.11.
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Tshibanda, Joseph B., Augustin M. Malumba, Pius T. Mpiana, Crispin K. Mulaji, Jean-Paul Otamonga, and John W. Poté. "Influence of watershed on the accumulation of heavy metals in sediments of urban rivers under tropical conditions: Case of N’djili and Lukaya rivers in Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo." Watershed Ecology and the Environment 3 (2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsee.2021.06.001.
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Migabo, Valentin. "La radio communautaire et le défi de l’accès à l’information publique en période de crises en Afrique : l’exemple de la République démocratique du Congo." Revue internationale animation, territoires et pratiques socioculturelles, no. 16 (December 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55765/atps.i16.447.
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Longtemps utilisée comme outil de propagande politique au service du pouvoir, la radio s’est émancipée ces dix dernières années en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Face à la précarité des infrastructures sociales et à l’absence de l’autorité étatique, les radios communautaires émergent en marge des radios d’État ou commerciales. Administrées par la société civile, elles jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la défense des droits et libertés publiques. Elles participent à la promotion des valeurs démocratiques et à la consolidation de la paix. Leurs émissions dérangent le pouvoir mais rencontrent l’assentiment du peuple parce qu’elles dénoncent les abus, donnent la vraie information et accordent des espaces aux membres de la communauté pour discuter de questions d’intérêts communs. Cependant, les conditions dans lesquelles elles fonctionnent sont déplorables. La plupart n’ont pas d’équipements minimum appropriés et opèrent dans la clandestinité. Les journalistes sont fréquemment arrêtés, voire tués, et leurs maisons fermées. Le texte qui suit fait état de cette vulnérabilité.
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MMK, Mbula, Longo-Mbenza B, Situakibanza HNT, Mananga GL, Makulo JRR, Longokolo MM, Mandina MN, et al. "Clinical and biological profiles of older adults aged 50 and over compared to those under 50 in people living with HIV attending Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital (DR Congo)." International Journal of Clinical Virology 5, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijcv.1001040.
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Background: The survival of people living with HIV (PLWHIVs) is increased and Health systems will have to deal with the early-aging-associated medical conditions. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical and biological profiles of PLWHIVs aged 50 and over and those aged less than 50 years. Material and methods: This study conducted at Kinshasa University Teaching Hospital (KUTH) covers 6 years. The clinical and biological characteristics of PLWHIVs aged 50 and over were compared with those under 50. Statistical analysis used the means ± SD, the calculation of frequencies, Student’s t-test and Chi-square. Results: PLWHIVs aged 50 or over represented 35.1%. Their average age was 58.0 ± 4.8 years. Women predominate among those under 50 and men among those 50 and over. Married people were more numerous (54% among those under 50). There were more unemployed (50% of PLHIV under 50). Patients 50 years and older were significantly classified as WHO stage 4 with a high frequency of history of tuberculosis, genital herpes, high blood pressure, smoking, vomiting, hepatomegaly, moderate elevation of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and sytolic blood pressure (SBP), tuberculosis and anemia. Those under 50 had a significantly increased frequency of shingles, hepatitis B-hepatitis C, headaches and more survivals. The mean of Hb, HDL-C, and CD4s+ were significantly lower in patients 50 years and older, and urea, LDL-C, and ALAT levels were significantly higher. Conclusion: The average age was higher from 50 years old. These PLWHIVs were more frequently in WHO stage 4 with more common TB and anemia. Their Hb, HDL-C, and CD4s+ levels were lower while their urea, LDL-C and ALAT levels were significantly elevated.
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Lumoo Birongo, Frank, and Jacques Usungo Ulungu-Kinyamba. "Y a-t-il une malédiction des ressources en RDC ?" EcoRev' N° 54, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecorev.054.0093.
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Les richesses minières et en particulier aurifères de la partie méridionale du Kivu, au Congo-Kinshasa, ont attisé très tôt les convoitises coloniales. L’orpaillage des populations locales ne s’y est développé qu’en un second temps, dans les années 1980, en profitant de la faiblesse du secteur industriel, obéré par la chute des rendements et paralysé par les guerres et l’insécurité récurrentes de la région. L’extraction, le transport et le pilage des roches, qui emploient aussi des femmes et des enfants, se font dans des conditions inhumaines et dangereuses. Loin de sortir la population de la pauvreté, cette activité, qu’elle soit artisanale ou industrielle, détériore la santé des habitants et détruit le milieu naturel – flore et faune aquatiques, nappes phréatiques, berges et cours d’eau. S’attaquant en particulier au cas des mines d’or de Kamituga et de Lugushwa, les auteurs, membres d’un institut de recherches au Sud-Kivu 1 , estiment possible de redresser la barre par des mesures favorisant un « développement durable ».
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Sagastume, Diana, Deogratias Katsuva Sibongwere, Olivier Kidima, Diertho Mputu Kembo, José Mavuna N’keto, Jean-Claude Dimbelolo, Dorothée Bulemfu Nkakirande, Jean Clovis Kalobu Kabundi, and José L. Peñalvo. "Improving lifestyle behaviours among women in Kisantu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2022): e0274517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274517.
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Introduction As the prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of lifestyle-related conditions is expected to rise quickly. This study aims to develop and evaluate a multi-component health promotion programme for a healthy lifestyle to ultimately prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes among adult women in Kisantu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods and analysis This study is a cluster randomised controlled trial whereby two groups of three healthcare centres each, matched by population size coverage and geographical area, will be randomised to an intervention or a comparison group. Adult women of reproductive age (18–49 years), non-pregnant or first-trimester pregnant, will be recruited from the healthcare centres. 144 women in the intervention centres will follow a 24-month multi-component health promotion programme based on educational and motivational strategies whereas the comparison centres (144 participants) will be limited to a basic educational strategy. The programme will be delivered by trained peer educators and entails individualised education sessions, education and physical activity group activities, and focus groups. Topics of an optimal diet, physical activity, weight management and awareness of type 2 and gestational diabetes will be covered. The primary outcome is the adherence to a healthy lifestyle measured by a validated closed-ended questionnaire and secondary outcomes include anthropometric measurements, clinical parameters, diet diversity and the level of physical activity. Participants from both groups will be assessed at baseline and every 6 months by trained health professionals from the recruiting healthcare centres. Data will be summarised by measures of central tendency for continuous outcomes, and frequency distribution and percentages for categorical data. The primary and secondary outcomes will be quantified using statistical mixed models. Ethics This research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp in Belgium (IRB/RR/AC/137) and the Ethical Committee of the University of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (ESP/CE/130/2021). Any substantial change to the study protocol must be approved by all the bodies that have approved the initial protocol, before being implemented. Also, this journal will be informed regarding any protocol modification. Written informed consent will be required and obtained for all participants. No participant may be enrolled on the study until written informed consent has been obtained. Trial registration number NCT05039307.
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Fifi, Ilunga Kalombo, and Sem Mbimbi Pascal. "Insertion des femmes diplômées d’universités dans milieu professionnel à Lubumbashi en République démocratique du Congo." Journal of Business and Management Studies 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2021.3.1.1.
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La République démocratique du Congo en général et la ville de Lubumbashi en particulier enregistrent une croissance démographique rapide accompagnée d’énormes défis socio-économiques. Alors que le chômage ainsi que les inégalités sociales sont largement documentés, cette situation touche malheureusement plus des femmes malgré leurs niveaux d’étude universitaire. À Lubumbashi, l’enquête conduite dans les entreprises publiques et privées renseigne que seulement 9% des femmes universitaires y travaillent dans l’administration malgré le nombre important de femmes diplômées ces dernières années. L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les facteurs d’insertion professionnelle ainsi que des défis à relever pour capitaliser, au profit du pays, les compétences des femmes universitaires pour une croissance plus inclusive. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de cette étude proviennent d’une enquête conduite à Lubumbashi auprès de 384 femmes diplômées d’universités choisies de manière aléatoire en 2019. Les résultats indiquent 76% de femmes interrogées ont obtenu leurs licences mais celles qui ont fait leurs études dans des filières spécialisées (par exemple : médecine, accouchement) et des filières techniques (par exemple : géologie, chimie) se sont vite insérées dans le monde professionnel. En outre, la matrice de corrélation montre que la position du mari dans une entreprise et sa rémunération, le statut des parents, la connaissance de la langue anglaise ainsi que de l’informatique sont des éléments supplémentaires positivement corrélées à l’insertion professionnelle des femmes diplômées à Lubumbashi. Ces résultats nous motivent d’inviter et d’encourager les filles à s’inscrire dans les filières techniques et apprendre l’outil informatique et l’anglais pour augmenter les chances de trouver de l’emploi. Cette étude constitue aussi une source d’informations fiables pour le pouvoir public qui cherche à améliorer les conditions d’accès des femmes au marché du travail.
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Behl, Rasika, Sofia Ali, Jonathan Altamirano, Abraham Leno, Yvonne Maldonado, and Clea Sarnquist. "Rebuilding child health in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): evaluating the Asili social enterprise program." Conflict and Health 16, no. 1 (May 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13031-022-00454-0.
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Abstract Background The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a long history of conflict and ongoing local instability; the eastern provinces, including South Kivu, have been especially affected. Health systems and livelihoods have been undermined, contributing to massive inequities in access to health services and high rates of internal displacement. Asili, an innovative social enterprise program, aimed to provide essential community services and improve the health of under-five children in two South Kivu communities, Mudaka and Panzi, via provision of small-format, franchisable health clinics and clean water services. Methods We evaluated utilization and acceptance of Asili services in two study sites, Mudaka and Panzi. Data collected included questions on housing conditions, food security, and at follow up, Asili membership and use, satisfaction with services, and recommendations for improvement. Structured pre- and post-interviews with primary caregivers of families with under-five children were the primary source of data with additional community input collected through focus group discussions. Results At baseline, we enrolled 843 households in Mudaka and 890 in Panzi. Market segmentation analysis illuminated service usage patterns, showing Asili services were well received overall in both Mudaka and Panzi. Families reporting higher levels of proxy measures of socioeconomic status (SES), such as electricity, land ownership, and education, were more likely to use Asili services, findings that were further supported by focus group discussions among community members. Conclusions Rebuilding health infrastructure in post-conflict settings, especially those that continue to be conflict-affected and very low SES, is a challenging prospect. Focus group results for this study highlighted the positive community response to Asili, while also underscoring challenges related to cost of services. Programs may need, in particular, to have different levels of costs for different SES groups. Additionally, longer follow-up periods and increased stability may be needed to assess the potential of social enterprise interventions such as Asili to improve health outcomes, especially in children. Trial registration Institutional Review Board approval for this study was obtained at Stanford University (IRB 35216) and the University of Kinshasa, DRC. Further, this study has been registered on Clinicaltrials.gov (record NCT03536286), retrospectively registered as of 4/23/2018.
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Assefi, Marjan, Nadeem Kizilbash, Sohila Nankali, and Vahid Omermeli. "New Point-of-Care Techniques for the Detection of the Monkey Pox Virus." Journal of Critical Care & Emergency Medicine, December 31, 2022, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47363/jccem/2022(1)113.
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Monkey pox infection (MPXV), a zoonotic orthopoxvirus (OPX), is endemic in the Majority rule Republic of Congo (DRC). Presently, symptomatic tests for human monkey pox (MPX) center around continuous quantitative polymerase chain response (PCR) examines, which are ordinarily acted in refined lab settings. In this, we assessed the precision and utility of a multiplex MPX measure utilizing the GeneXpert stage, a versatile fast symptomatic gadget that might act as a mark-of-care test to analyze contaminations in endemic regions. The multiplex MPX/OPX measure incorporates an MPX-explicit PCR test, an OPX-nonexclusive PCR test, and an interior control PCR test. Altogether, 164 analytic examples (50 coverings and 114 vesicular swabs) were gathered from thought MPX cases in Tshuapa Area, DRC, under public observation rules. The examples were tried with the GeneXpert MPX/OPX measure and an OPX PCR examination at the Institute Public de Recherché Biomedical (INRB) in Kinshasa. Aliquots of every example were tried in lined up with an MPX-explicit PCR measure at the Habitats for Infectious prevention and Counteraction. The after effects of the MPX PCR were utilized as the best quality level for all investigations. The GeneXpert MPX/OPX measure performed at INRB had responsiveness of 98.8% and an explicitness of 100 percent. The GeneXpert examination performed well with both hull and vesicle tests. The GeneXpert MPX/OPX test consolidates a basic procedure that performs well in both research facility and field conditions, recommending practicality as a demonstrative stage might grow and facilitate the ebb and flow of MPX recognition capacities
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Iteku, Jeff Bekomo, Donel Moswala Likabo, Aaron Lelo Pambu, Gédéon Ngiala Bongo, Ruth Katunda, Octavie Metila Lunguya, and Joseph Kasali Lumande. "Microbiological Analysis and Identification of Pathogenic Microorganisms on Currency Notes (Congolese Francs) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of Advances in Microbiology, September 24, 2020, 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i930278.
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Aims: The incidence of infectious diseases is still a vital concern in developing countries. Recently, hygienists have focused on the risk of transmitted diseases through currency notes. This study aims at the determination of potential pathogenic microorganisms found on the Congolese Francs currency notes circulating in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Place and Duration of the Study: This study was carried out in Kinshasa city, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between September 3 and 29, 2019 at the Bacteriology Laboratory of the National Institute for Biomedical Research.
Methods: During this study, 36 currency notes of different denominations have been used for microbiological analysis. Currency notes were collected from vendors of the Central market and currency note dealers at Kintambo Magasin market in Kinshasa. The identification of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) was performed using gram staining and biochemical analyses. Results: The findings reveal the presence of following microorganisms, namely Bacillus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Serratia spp, Citrobacter spp, Salmonella enteritidis as well as molds on the Congolese currency notes. It should be observed that circulated currency notes in Kinshasa are contaminated by bacteria and fungi. The contamination rate was based on the fact, that money is new, clean or dirty.
Conclusion: Congolese currency notes constitute the potential sources of infectious disease transmission if hygienic conditions are not respected. Molecular studies are required in order to determine the antibiotic resistance gene of these microorganisms. As the population does not know how to store these notes properly, their contamination would eventually become a major public health hazard. Therefore, a need of an awareness of the population in order to apply hygienic rules while handling currency notes. This is for the first time that such a study is being carried out in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Bouwer, Karen. "Axes of Hope: Flights of Fancy in Recent Work on Urban Congo." Forum for Modern Language Studies, March 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqad016.
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Abstract This article explores the question of hope in dystopian urban spaces as represented in recent work from the Democratic Republic of the Congo by developing the concept of ‘the hole’ used by Congolese people to comment upon the quality of their lives. The more literal reading of ‘le trou’ in Sinzo Aanza’s 2015 novel Généalogie d’une banalité, set in the mining community of Lubumbashi, is compared to the vertical aspiration of ‘la tour’ in The Tower, a 2016 film by Sammy Baloji and Filip De Boeck, set in Kinshasa. The two works, representing a unique landmark and the excesses of extractive economies, provide the opportunity to reflect on fanciful ventures that, despite the material conditions that thwart dreams of a better life, have not foreclosed all spaces of hope.
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Lusambo, Nadine Nsiangani, Nadine Nsiangani Lusambo, and Dieudonné Kaimbo Wa Kaimbo. "Uveitis Among Children Living with HIV / AIDS in Kinshasa, RD Congo: A Case Series." Journal of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, December 22, 2020, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jcmcr.2020.04.03.
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Purpose: To report the clinical features of a series of children living with HIV / AIDS (CLWHA) with uveitis. Methods: This was a case series of CLWHA and who had a diagnosis of uveitis examined from November 2010 to April 2011 in five sanitary structures in Kinshasa. For each child, anamnestic elements were collected. Each child underwent an ophthalmological examination including visual acuity measurement, slit lamp examination and fundus examination after dilation. Results: 15 CLWAH presented with uveitis out of a series of 100 CLWHA examined. Fourteen of the children with uveitis were already on treatment and had normal immune status, the only child who had not yet started treatment had a severe immune deficiency. Retinal vasculitis was the most common disorder in 8 children. It was asymptomatic and mainly concerned the veins on the peripheral retina. Four children presented with chorioretinal scars of unknown etiology. HIV-related microangiopathy was found in 2 children. Unilateral anterior uveitis was the only symptomatic involvement, found in the child who were not on treatment. Conclusion: Uveitis is common in African CLWHA. Retinal vasculitis of unknown etiology appears to be the most common clinical manifestation in this population. Antiretroviral therapy seems to decrease the frequency of sight-threatening conditions.
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Muswema, J. L., G. B. Ekoko, J. K. K. Lobo, V. M. Lukanda, and E. K. Boafo. "TRICO II Core Inventory Calculation and its Radiological Consequence Analyses." Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science 2, no. 2 (February 29, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4031772.
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Two severe accident scenarios are investigated in this paper as they have never been considered previously in the safety analysis report (SAR) of the Congo TRIGA Mark II research reactor (TRICO II) in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo. The source term is derived from the reactor core after two postulated accidents: (1) a large plane crash with total destruction of the reactor building and (2) full damage of one fuel element while the reactor building remains intact. Total effective dose (TED), after core inventory, and dose profiles to human organs are derived to assess the operational safety of the reactor. Results from the study will be used to upgrade the current SAR of the reactor as the reactor safety and licensing concepts are changing over the years; the knowledge and lessons learned from the past experience are being updated accordingly with the available data. TEDs to workers of the facility show that higher values are obtained at areas near the source term at the time of the plane crash accident, which dies out as quickly as the plume is carried away following predominant meteorological conditions at the site. The situation with one fuel element totally damaged poses no threat as far as radiation protection is concerned and reveals a maximum TED of 1.30×10−7 mSv at 100 m from the reactor core. This shows that the operation of this type of research reactor is reliable and safe.
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Van Deun, Armand, Valentin Bola, Rossin Lebeke, Michel Kaswa, Mohamed Anwar Hossain, Mourad Gumusboga, Gabriela Torrea, Bouke Catharine De Jong, Leen Rigouts, and Tom Decroo. "Acquired rifampicin resistance during first TB treatment: magnitude, relative importance, risk factors and keys to control in low-income settings." JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance 4, no. 2 (March 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jacamr/dlac037.
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Abstract Background The incidence of acquired rifampicin resistance (RIF-ADR; RR) during first-line treatment varies. Objectives Compare clinically significant RIF-ADR versus primary and reinfection RR, between regimens (daily versus no rifampicin in the continuation phase; daily versus intermittent rifampicin in the continuation phase) and between rural Bangladesh and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods From patients with treatment failure, relapse, or lost to follow-up, both the outcome and baseline sputum sample were prospectively collected for rpoB sequencing to determine whether RR was present in both samples (primary RR) or only at outcome (RIF-ADR or reinfection RR). Results The most frequent cause of RR at outcome was primary RR (62.9%; 190/302). RIF-ADR was more frequent with the use of rifampicin throughout versus only in the intensive phase (difference: 3.1%; 95% CI: 0.2–6.0). The RIF-ADR rate was higher with intermittent versus daily rifampicin in the continuation phase (difference: 3.9%; 95% CI: 0.4–7.5). RIF-ADR after rifampicin-throughout treatment was higher when resistance to isoniazid was also found compared with isoniazid-susceptible TB. The estimated RIF-ADR rate was 0.5 per 1000 with daily rifampicin during the entire treatment. Reinfection RR was more frequent in Kinshasa than in Bangladesh (difference: 51.0%; 95% CI: 34.9–67.2). Conclusions RR is less frequently created when rifampicin is used only during the intensive phase. Under control programme conditions, the RIF-ADR rate for the WHO 6 month rifampicin daily regimen was as low as in affluent settings. For RR-TB control, first-line regimens should be sturdy with optimal rifampicin protection. RIF-ADR prevention is most needed where isoniazid-polyresistance is high, (re)infection control where crowding is extreme.
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Jules, Mitashi Kimvula, and Lukula Lukwera Firmin. "Comparative Study of Growth and Yield of NERICA and PNR Rice Lines in Rainfed Ecosystem in the Eastern Interland of Kinshasa, DR Congo." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, March 13, 2021, 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2021/v43i130631.
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The developing countries are rife with blatant pauperization. The agricultural sector, provider of food and a strong economy, has been in the hands of artisanal farmers for several decades. As a result, the yield is low to meet the needs of a rapidly growing population. Thus, in order to help support food security in tropical countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a study was conducted on the comparison of growth and yield of 15 lines / varieties of rice under natural conditions. On the Bateke plateau (Kinshasa, DRC) during season B, from January to June 2004. The number of tillers per plant, the number of tassels per plant, the height and flowering at 50% plant, the weight of a thousand kernels as well as the yield in kg / ha were used as observation variables to evaluate the performance of the plant. Each variety under study for 4 months following a randomized full block device with 3 replicates.From our observations, it emerges that although season B was less productive than season A, a few lines / varieties of rice have shown very distinct performances. Indeed, the varieties NERICA 7, P8.20.B3. 2.1. C1, PNR 1, NERICA 5 showed good height growth while NERICA 7, P10. 100. B1. N1B1, P10. 77. B2. N2. B3, P10. 51. B1. N1. gave a high dry grain yield.Therefore, given their high yield in dry grains, these lines / varieties would be a better substitute for the varieties already in circulation (PNR 1, IRAT 112, and IRAT 341) to increase the country's rice production and thus overcome the problem of low yield experienced by the DRCongo.
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Kapembo, Michel L., Florent B. Mukeba, Periyasamy Sivalingam, Johnny B. Mukoko, Mathieu K. Bokolo, Crispin K. Mulaji, Pius T. Mpiana, and John W. Poté. "Survey of water supply and assessment of groundwater quality in the suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke, Kinshasa in Democratic Republic of the Congo." Sustainable Water Resources Management 8, no. 1 (November 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40899-021-00592-y.
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AbstractIn many suburban municipalities of developing countries, the household drinking water comes mainly from groundwater including, wells, streams and springs. These sources are vulnerable because poor hygienic conditions and sanitation prevail causing persistence and recurrent waterborne diseases. In this research, a survey study on water resource use and an epidemiological survey of waterborne diseases were conducted among users of water points and medical institutions in suburban communes of Selembao and Kimbanseke (Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo). In addition, physicochemical (temperature, pH, O2, electrical conductivity, and soluble ions: Na+, K+, PO43−, SO42−, NO3−, NO2−) and bacteriological (FIB: faecal indicator bacteria) analyses of water from 21 wells and springs were performed according to the seasonal variations. FIB included Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus and Total Coliforms. The survey results indicate that more than 75% of the patients admitted to local medical institutions between 2016 and 2019 are affected by waterborne diseases, including typhoid fever, amoebic dysentery, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis disorders and cholera. Except for NO3− in some sites, the water physicochemical parameter values are within WHO permissible limits for drinking/domestic water quality. On the contrary, the results revealed high FIB levels in water from unmanaged wells and springs during rainy and dry seasons. The microbiological pollution was significantly higher in the rainy season compared to the dry season. Interestingly, no FIB contamination was observed in water samples from managed/developed wells. The results from this study will guide local government decisions on improving water quality to prevent recurrent waterborne diseases.
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Nkanga, Mireille Solange Nganga, Benjamin Longo-Mbenza, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Jacques Bikaula Ngwidiwo, Antoine Lufimbo Katawandja, Paul Roger Beia Kazadi, and Alain Nganga Nzonzila. "Ageing, exposure to pollution, and interactions between climate change and local seasons as oxidant conditions predicting incident hematologic malignancy at KINSHASA University clinics, Democratic Republic of CONGO (DRC)." BMC Cancer 17, no. 1 (August 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3547-3.
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