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Journal articles on the topic 'KIR – killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Treanor, Bebhinn, Peter M. P. Lanigan, Sunil Kumar, et al. "Microclusters of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin–like receptor signaling at natural killer cell immunological synapses." Journal of Cell Biology 174, no. 1 (2006): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200601108.

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We report the supramolecular organization of killer Ig–like receptor (KIR) phosphorylation using a technique applicable to imaging phosphorylation of any green fluorescent protein–tagged receptor at an intercellular contact or immune synapse. Specifically, we use fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) to report Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between GFP-tagged KIR2DL1 and a Cy3-tagged generic anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody. Visualization of KIR phosphorylation in natural killer (NK) cells contacting target cells expressing cognate major histocompatibility complex class I pro

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2

Castrillon, Marlon, Nancy D. Marin, Amado J. Karduss-Urueta, Sonia Y. Velasquez, and Cristiam M. Alvarez. "Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Diversity in an Admixed South American Population." Cells 11, no. 18 (2022): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11182776.

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Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that mediate antiviral and antitumor responses. NK cell activation and induction of effector functions are tightly regulated by the integration of activating and inhibitory receptors such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR). KIR genes are characterized by a high degree of diversity due to presence or absence, gene copy number and allelic polymorphism. The aim of this study was to establish the distribution of KIR genes and genotypes, to infer the most common haplotypes in an admixed Colombian population and to compare these KIR gene f

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3

Marsh, S. G. E., P. Parham, B. Dupont, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) nomenclature report, 2002." Tissue Antigens 62, no. 1 (2003): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0039.2003.00072.x.

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4

Marsh, S. G. E., P. Parham, B. Dupont, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) nomenclature report, 2002." European Journal of Immunogenetics 30, no. 3 (2003): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2370.2003.00383.x.

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5

Marsh, Steven G. E., Peter Parham, Bo Dupont, et al. "Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Nomenclature Report, 2002." Human Immunology 64, no. 6 (2003): 648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0198-8859(03)00067-3.

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6

Marsh, Steven G. E., Peter Parham, Bo Dupont, et al. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) nomenclature report, 2002." Immunogenetics 55, no. 4 (2003): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0571-z.

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7

Rajagopalan, Sumati, and Eric O. Long. "Understanding how combinations of HLA and KIR genes influence disease." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 7 (2005): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20050499.

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Combinations of HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin–like receptor (KIR) genes have been associated with diseases as diverse as autoimmunity, viral infections, reproductive failure, and now cancer. Much as early observations of disease associations with HLA polymorphism preceded a detailed knowledge of HLA recognition by T cell receptors, the recently reported disease associations with HLA–KIR gene combinations beg for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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8

Gumá, Mónica, Ana Angulo, Carlos Vilches, Natalia Gómez-Lozano, Núria Malats, and Miguel López-Botet. "Imprint of human cytomegalovirus infection on the NK cell receptor repertoire." Blood 104, no. 12 (2004): 3664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-05-2058.

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Expression of the activating CD94/NKG2C killer lectin-like receptor (KLR) specific for HLA-E was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy adult blood donors; the expression of other natural killer (NK) cell receptors (ie, CD94/NKG2A, KIR, CD85j, CD161, NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D) was also studied. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection as well as the HLA-E and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes were considered as potentially relevant variables associated with CD94/NKG2C expression. The proportion of NKG2C+ lymphocytes varied within a wide range (&lt;0.1% t

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9

Parham, Peter, Paul J. Norman, Laurent Abi-Rached, and Lisbeth A. Guethlein. "Human-specific evolution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor recognition of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1590 (2012): 800–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0266.

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In placental mammals, natural killer (NK) cells are a population of lymphocytes that make unique contributions to immune defence and reproduction, functions essential for survival of individuals, populations and species. Modulating these functions are conserved and variable NK-cell receptors that recognize epitopes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In humans, for example, recognition of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E by the CD94:NKG2A receptor is conserved, whereas recognition of HLA-A, B and C by the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) is diversified.

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10

Cremer, Anja, Ute Heider, Stefan Tomiuk, et al. "Integrated Genotyping and mRNA Expression Profiling of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.3909.3909.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells belong to a subgroup of lymphocytes (CD3-CD56+) which play an important role in the cellular immune response against virus-infected cells and tumors. The activity of NK cells is regulated by a balance of triggering and inhibitory receptors, including Killer Ig-like Receptor (KIR) molecules which interact with specific HLA class I molecules, predominantly HLA-C, on target cells. The 17 known KIR genes are divided into two classes: activating KIRs and inhibitory KIRs. There is strong evidence that inhibitory KIR mismatch between donor and recipient improves the

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11

Salim, P. H., M. Jobim, M. Bredemeier, et al. "Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in systemic sclerosis." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 160, no. 3 (2010): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04095.x.

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12

Carrington, Mary, Sophia Wang, Maureen P. Martin, et al. "Hierarchy of resistance to cervical neoplasia mediated by combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 7 (2005): 1069–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042158.

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Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) recognition of specific human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I allotypes contributes to the array of receptor–ligand interactions that determine natural killer (NK) cell response to its target. Contrasting genetic effects of KIR/HLA combinations have been observed in infectious and autoimmune diseases, where genotypes associated with NK cell activation seem to be protective or to confer susceptibility, respectively. We show here that combinations of KIR and HLA loci also affect the risk of developing cervical neoplasia. Specific inhib

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13

Obama, Kosuke, Yoshitaka Furukawa, Mitsutoshi Tara, et al. "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genotype and HTLV-1 Associated Disease’s Susceptibilities." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 4481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4481.4481.

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Abstract [Introduction] Natural killer (NK) cells show cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and some tumor cells. The highly polymorphic killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) which recognize HLA class 1 molecules play a major role in these cytotoxic activities, and also express on some T-cells. Human T-lymphotrophic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is a caucassive agent for leukemia and some autoimmune diseases. We investigated the correlations between the KIR genotype and susceptibilities to HTLV-1 associated diseases i.e. adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (HAM). [M

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14

Varbanova, V., S. Mihaylova, E. Naumova, C. Cotoc, and A. Mihaylova. "Family-based Association Study of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes with Leukemia." Acta Medica Bulgarica 46, no. 3 (2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2019-0023.

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Abstract NK cell function is controlled by the cell expression of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their ligation with the corresponding HLA ligands. Various malignancies have been associated with certain KIRs surface cell expression and various KIR/HLA ligand combinations. Prior research using case/control study design demonstrates the role of KIR and KIR HLA ligands as genetic factor involved in tumor susceptibility. The objective of this study was to investigate the family-based association of KIRs, HLA class I ligands and KIR/ligand combinations with leukemia diagnosis in fa

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15

Li, Guangjin, Mingcan Yu, Cornelia M. Weyand, and Jörg J. Goronzy. "Epigenetic regulation of killer immunoglobulin–like receptor expression in T cells." Blood 114, no. 16 (2009): 3422–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-01-200170.

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Abstract With increasing age, T cells gain expression of killer immunoglobulin–like receptors (KIRs) that transmit negative signals and dampen the immune response. KIR expression is induced in CD4 and CD8 T cells by CpG DNA demethylation suggesting epigenetic control. To define the mechanisms that underlie the age-associated preferential KIR expression in CD8 T cells, we examined KIR2DL3 promoter methylation patterns. With age, CD8 T cells developed a patchy and stochastic promoter demethylation even in cells that did not express the KIR2DL3-encoded CD158b protein; complete demethylation of th

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16

Vojvodic, Svetlana, and D. Ademovic-Sazdanic. "Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes linkage disequilibrium analysis in population of Vojvodina." Genetika 47, no. 2 (2015): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1502439v.

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Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) form a group of regulatory molecules that modulate cytolytic activity of natural killer cells and T cells through interaction with specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on target cells. KIRs are encoded by the family of 16 homologous genes that vary substantially between haplotypes and display sequence polymorphism with allelic variation that also contributes to diversity within the complex. The aim of the study is to estimate two locus linkage disequilibrium for 16 KIR loci. In this study, we report the evaluation of KIR gene content, all

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17

Jelčić, Ilijas, Katharine C. Hsu, Kristina Kakalacheva, et al. "Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor locus polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 7 (2011): 951–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511431726.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether inhibitory and activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles defined by their KIR binding motifs are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility or severity. Method: We performed a population-based case–control study in 321 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and clinically definite MS (CDMS) and 156 healthy blood donors (HD). Inhibitory and activating KIRs and HLA class I alleles were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-spec

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18

Hidajat, Melanny, Dominik Selleslag, Achiel Van Hoof, Jan Van Droogenbroeck, Johan Billiet, and Arnold Criel. "Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) Genotypes in a Belgian Population." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3852.3852.

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Abstract KIRs (Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors) are expressed on NK (Natural Killer) cells and a subpopulation of T lymphocytes namely memory CD8+ T cells. The distribution of KIR genes varies among individuals and populations. These genes are encoded on chromosome 19 (19q13.4). Till now 17 KIR genes and pseudogenes have been identified. KIRs recognise groups of HLA class I alleles. NK activity is partially controlled through the interaction between KIRs and their HLA ligands. Several studies report that KIRs may affect the outcome of Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantations. We perf

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19

Almalte, Zaema, Suzanne Samarani, Alexandre Iannello, et al. "Novel associations between activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and childhood leukemia." Blood 118, no. 5 (2011): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-10-313791.

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Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia of pre-B cells (pre-B ALL) is the most frequent form of leukemia affecting children in Western countries. Evidence is accumulating that genetic factors play an important role in conferring susceptibility/resistance to leukemia in children. In this regard, activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes are of particular interest. Humans may inherit different numbers of the 6 distinct activating KIR genes. Little is known about the impact of this genetic variation on the innate susceptibility or resistance of humans to the development of B-A

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20

Cichocki, Frank, Todd Lenvik, Stephen K. Anderson, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Antisense transcripts negatively regulate transcription of multiple variegated killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes (136.38)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (2009): 136.38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.136.38.

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Abstract The objective of this study is to understand the epigenetic mechanisms that regulate Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) gene regulation in human natural killer (NK) cells. We have previously identified both bidirectional transcription within the previously characterized KIR promoter and a novel promoter element upstream of the previously characterized promoter. Based on these findings, we propose that antisense transcripts homologous to the KIR promoter region participate in the establishment of the epigenetic modifications that silence individual KIR genes during human NK cell

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21

Graham, Lara V., Jack G. Fisher, Salim I. Khakoo, and Matthew D. Blunt. "Targeting KIR as a novel approach to improve CAR-NK cell function." Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics 7, no. 4 (2023): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2023.25.

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Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK cells are demonstrating promising activity in clinical trials and possess a favorable safety profile compared to CAR-T cells. The Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) have a critical role in the control of NK cell function, and recently, this family of activating and inhibitory receptors have been targeted to improve CAR-NK function. These strategies include the utilisation of inhibitory KIR to reduce trogocytosis-associated NK cell fratricide, the downregulation of inhibitory KIR on CAR-NK cells to alleviate HLA mediated suppression, the selection

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22

Cichocki, Frank, Todd Lenvik, Stephen K. Anderson, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Antisense Transcripts Negatively Regulate Transcription of Multiple Variegated Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genes." Blood 112, no. 11 (2008): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.105.105.

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Abstract Natural killer cells are CD3 negative large granular lymphocytes that lyse virally infected and malignantly transformed targets. NK cell functions are regulated by an array of inhibitory and activating receptors, including members of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. Human KIR genes are expressed in a variegated and clonally restricted manner on the surface of mature NK cells. While it is well established that individual KIR gene expression is strongly correlated with the DNA methylation status of CpG dinucleotides within the promoter region proximal to the transcr

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23

Abi-Rached, Laurent, and Peter Parham. "Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues." Journal of Experimental Medicine 201, no. 8 (2005): 1319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20042558.

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Expression of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) diversifies human natural killer cell populations and T cell subpopulations. Whereas the major histocompatibility complex class I binding functions of inhibitory KIR are known, specificities for the activating receptors have resisted analysis. To understand better activating KIR and their relationship to inhibitory KIR, we took the approach of reconstructing their natural history and that of Ly49, the analogous system in rodents. A general principle is that inhibitory receptors are ancestral, the activating receptors having evolved from them b

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Marin, Wesley M., Ravi Dandekar, Danillo G. Augusto, et al. "High-throughput Interpretation of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Short-read Sequencing Data with PING." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (2021): e1008904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008904.

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The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) complex on chromosome 19 encodes receptors that modulate the activity of natural killer cells, and variation in these genes has been linked to infectious and autoimmune disease, as well as having bearing on pregnancy and transplant outcomes. The medical relevance and high variability of KIR genes makes short-read sequencing an attractive technology for interrogating the region, providing a high-throughput, high-fidelity sequencing method that is cost-effective. However, because this gene complex is characterized by extensive nucleotide polymor

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Luc-Aimé, Kagoué Simeni, Yindom Louis-Marie, Loni Ekali Gabriel, Clauvis Kunkeng Yengo, F. Esemu Livo, and Nguedia Jules Clement Assob. "Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIR) in HIV-Exposed Infants in Cameroon." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9053280.

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The biological reason(s) behind persistent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (albeit at reduced rate compared to the preantiretroviral therapy era) in spite of the successful implementation of advanced control measures in many African countries remains a priority concern to many HIV/AIDS control programs. This may be partly due to differences in host immunogenetic factors in highly polymorphic regions of the human genome such as those encoding the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) molecules which modulate the activities of natural killer cells. The primary aim of this stu

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Kim, Heeje, Tae-Hyang Lee, So-Hye Park, et al. "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Ligands Predict Outcomes of Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for AML." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 3571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3571.3571.

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Abstract Abstract 3571 The idea of natural killer (NK) cell alloreactivity after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) was developed from reports of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). However, little definite information exists about the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) and its ligand activity in autologous SCT. Since whether autologous NK cells are involved in the eradication of leukemia cells is still unclear, we focused on whether autologous NK or CD8+ T cells are stimulated after myeloablative conditioning, according to the ligand match. In light of a previo

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Fauriat, Cyril, Martin A. Ivarsson, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Karl-Johan Malmberg, and Jakob Michaëlsson. "Education of human natural killer cells by activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Blood 115, no. 6 (2010): 1166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-09-245746.

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Abstract Expression of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) specific for self–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules provides an educational signal that generates functional natural killer (NK) cells. However, the effects of activating KIRs specific for self-MHC class I on NK-cell education remain elusive. Here, we provide evidence that the activating receptor KIR2DS1 tunes down the responsiveness of freshly isolated human NK cells to target cell stimulation in donors homozygous for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–C2, the ligand of KIR2DS1. The tuning was

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Cooley, Sarah, Feng Xiao, Michelle Pitt, et al. "A subpopulation of human peripheral blood NK cells that lacks inhibitory receptors for self-MHC is developmentally immature." Blood 110, no. 2 (2007): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-07-036228.

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Abstract How receptor acquisition correlates with the functional maturation of natural killer (NK) cells is poorly understood. We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to compare NKG2 and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene expression in NK cells from allogeneic transplant recipients and their donors. Marked differences were observed in the NK subsets of recipients who had 8-fold more CD56bright cells, diminished KIR expression (except 2DL4), and increased NKG2A. In normal blood not all CD56dim cells express KIR, and a novel subpopulation of cells commit

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Alter, Galit, Suzannah Rihn, Hendrik Streeck, et al. "Ligand-Independent Exhaustion of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-Positive CD8+ T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection." Journal of Virology 82, no. 19 (2008): 9668–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00341-08.

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ABSTRACT Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in the control of viral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, despite the presence of strong and broad HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in chronic HIV-1 infection, these cells progressively lose critical effector functions and fail to clear the infection. Mounting evidence suggests that the upregulation of several inhibitory regulatory receptors on the surface of CD8+ T cells during HIV-1 infection may contribute directly to the impairment of T-cell function. Here, we investigated the rol

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Geraghty, Daniel, Jodie Goodridge, Aura Burian, and Ni Lee. "HLA-F and MHC-I open conformers are ligands for natural killer cell receptor KIR3DL2. (P5004)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 41.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.41.3.

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Abstract Killer Immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are innate immune receptors expressed by NK and T cells classically associated with the detection of missing-self through loss of their respective MHC ligand. Some KIR specificities for allelic classical class I MHC (MHC-I) have been described, while other KIR receptor-ligand relationships, including those associated with non-classical MHC-I, have yet to be clearly defined. We report here that KIR3DL2 and the non-classical antigen HLA-F, expressed as a free form devoid of peptide, physically and functionally interact. We further extend those

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Beigmohammadi, Fereshteh, Mahdi Mahmoudi, Jafar Karami, Nooshin Ahmadzadeh, Nasser Ebrahimi-Daryani, and Nima Rezaei. "Analysis of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases." Journal of Immunology Research 2020 (September 19, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4873648.

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Genetic studies have illustrated that killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes could participate in various autoimmune disorders. We aimed to clarify the role of KIR genes, HLA ligands, HLA-KIR interactions, and their genotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility. The study population was composed of 183 IBD subjects, comprising 100 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 83 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and 274 healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to evaluate the absence or presence of the 15 KIR genes, 5 HLA class

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Kobayashi, Michihiro, Hidefumi Hiramatsu, So-ichi Adachi, and Tatsutoshi Nakahata. "Reconstitution of NK Cell Receptor Repertoire after Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 5186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.5186.5186.

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Abstract Interaction between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and HLA class I ligands influence development of natural killer cell repertoire and response to allogeneic tissue. Recently several reports suggests donor/recipient KIR-ligand imcompatibility have great influence for outcome of allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (SCT). We examined recovery of the NK cell receptor after pediatric SCT to elucidate emergence of NKR repertoire and frequency after SCT is depend on whether donor or recipient type and effect of HLA disparity. [Patients and method] Nine patients r

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Yawata, Makoto, Nobuyo Yawata, Monia Draghi, Ann-Margaret Little, Fotini Partheniou, and Peter Parham. "Roles for HLA and KIR polymorphisms in natural killer cell repertoire selection and modulation of effector function." Journal of Experimental Medicine 203, no. 3 (2006): 633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051884.

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Interactions between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands regulate the development and response of human natural killer (NK) cells. Natural selection drove an allele-level group A KIR haplotype and the HLA-C1 ligand to unusually high frequency in the Japanese, who provide a particularly informative population for investigating the mechanisms by which KIR and HLA polymorphism influence NK cell repertoire and function. HLA class I ligands increase the frequencies of NK cells expressing cognate KIR, an effect modified by gene dose, KIR

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Vey, Norbert, and Daniel Olive. "Anti-natural Killer Inhibitory Receptors in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia." European Oncology & Haematology 06, no. 01 (2010): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eoh.2010.06.1.86.

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Treatment with anti-killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) monoclonal antibody (mAb) is a new approach aimed at harnessing the antileukaemic potential of natural killer (NK) cells for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). NK cell antitumour activity is regulated by a balance between activating and inhibitory receptors (KIR). 1-7F9/IPH2101 is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) mAb that binds to inhibitory KIR and blocks binding with its ligand (human leukocyte antigen C [HLA-C] molecule) on leukaemic cells.In vitro,and in a surrogatein vivomodel in mice, treatment with 1-7

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Igarashi, Takehito, Jason Wynberg, Ramprasad Srinivasan, et al. "Enhanced cytotoxicity of allogeneic NK cells with killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand incompatibility against melanoma and renal cell carcinoma cells." Blood 104, no. 1 (2004): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-12-4438.

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Abstract Cellular inactivation through killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) may allow neoplastic cells to evade host natural killer (NK) cell–mediated immunity. Recently, alloreactive NK cells were shown to mediate antileukemic effects against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) after mismatched transplantation, when KIR ligand incompatibility existed in the direction of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Therefore, we investigated whether solid tumor cells would have similar enhanced susceptibility to allogeneic KIR-incompatible NK cells compared with their KIR-matched autologous or alloge

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Yawata, Makoto, Nobuyo Yawata, Laurent Abi-Rached, and Peter Parham. "Variation Within the Human Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor ( KIR) Gene Family." Critical Reviews™ in Immunology 22, no. 5-6 (2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevimmunol.v22.i5-6.70.

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Bitar, Mohamad, Roy Khalaf, Wael Shamseddeen, et al. "Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotypes in Patients with Recurrent Tonsillitis." Genetic Testing 12, no. 4 (2008): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/gte.2008.0033.

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38

Bani, Meriem, Jihen Seket, Houda Kaabi, et al. "Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) locus profiles in the Tunisian population." Human Immunology 76, no. 5 (2015): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2015.03.002.

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Ritari, Jarmo, Kati Hyvärinen, Jukka Partanen, and Satu Koskela. "KIR gene content imputation from single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Finnish population." PeerJ 10 (January 7, 2022): e12692. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12692.

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The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene cluster on chromosome 19 encodes cell surface glycoproteins that bind class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules as well as some other ligands. Through regulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity KIRs participate in tumour surveillance and clearing viral infections. KIR gene gene copy number variation associates with the outcome of transplantations and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. Inferring KIR gene content from genetic variant data is therefore desirable for immunogenetic analysis, particularly in the context of g

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Epling-Burnette, Pearlie Kay, Jeffrey S. Painter, Pratima Chaurasia, et al. "Dysregulated NK receptor expression in patients with lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes." Blood 103, no. 9 (2004): 3431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-02-0400.

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Abstract The natural killer (NK) type of lymphoproliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL) is associated with the expansion of CD3-, CD16+, and/or CD56+ lymphocytes. We have examined the repertoire of NK receptors expressed on these cells and delineated the functional activity. We found skewed NK receptor expression on patient NK cells. Reactivity to a single anti-killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (anti-KIR) antibody was noted in 7 of 13 patients. LDGL patients variably expressed NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 RNA. In contrast, CD94 and its inhibitory heterodimerization partner NKG2A

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Rettman, Pauline, Matthew D. Blunt, Rebecca J. Fulton, et al. "Peptide: MHC-based DNA vaccination strategy to activate natural killer cells by targeting killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 5 (2021): e001912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001912.

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BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cells are increasingly being recognized as agents for cancer immunotherapy. The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are expressed by NK cells and are immunogenetic determinants of the outcome of cancer. In particular, KIR2DS2 is associated with protective responses to several cancers and also direct recognition of cancer targets in vitro. Due to the high homology between activating and inhibitory KIR genes to date, it has been challenging to target individual KIR for therapeutic benefit.MethodsA novel KIR2DS2-targeting therapeutic peptide:MHC DNA vacc

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Cooley, Sarah, Peter Parham, and Jeffrey S. Miller. "Strategies to activate NK cells to prevent relapse and induce remission following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation." Blood 131, no. 10 (2018): 1053–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-08-752170.

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Abstract Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of innate immunity that respond to virus infected and tumor cells. After allogeneic transplantation, NK cells are the first reconstituting lymphocytes, but are dysfunctional. Manipulating this first wave of lymphocytes could be instrumental in reducing the 40% relapse rate following transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning. NK cells express numerous activating and inhibitory receptors. Some recognize classical or nonclassical HLA class I ligands, others recognize class I–like ligands or unrelated ligands. Dominant in the NK-cell tra

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Hassan, Norfarazieda, Le Jie Lee, Jun Hao Tan, et al. "Expression of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIR) in Sex-associated Malignancies." JULY ISSUE 18, no. 4 (2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836//mjmhs18.4.14.

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Introduction: Sex shapes immune response with possible consequence on tumor immune escape. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) predominates in males while ovarian cancer (OC) occurs in females. NK cells essential for tumor killing may have male preponderance. Association of sex, NK cell activity and malignancies is unclear. We hypothesize that sex differentially affects KIR expressions in sex-biased cancers. Method: Expression of inhibitory (KIR2DL1-5 and KIR3DL1-3) and activating (KIR2DS1-2 and 4-5 and KIR3DS1) genes in B-, T-cell ALL, OC and normal controls were determined by reverse-transcri

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Shilling, Heather G., Karina L. McQueen, Nathalie W. Cheng, Judith A. Shizuru, Robert S. Negrin, and Peter Parham. "Reconstitution of NK cell receptor repertoire followingHLA-matched hematopoietic cell transplantation." Blood 101, no. 9 (2003): 3730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2002-08-2568.

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Interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I ligands influence development of natural killer (NK) cell repertoire and response to infection, cancer, and allogeneic tissue. As KIRs and HLA class I molecules are highly polymorphic, clinical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is predicted to frequently involve KIRmismatch, and thus to provide a unique system for study of human NK cell receptor repertoire development. Eighteen leukemia patients undergoing HLA-matched transplantation and their donors were analyzed for KIR geno

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Rocha, Vanderson, Annalisa Ruggeri, Stephen R. Spellman, et al. "Is There Any Effect of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) on Outcomes after Single Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation?" Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.48.48.

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Abstract The effect of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) ligand incompatibility on outcomes after unrelated cord blood transplantation (UCBT) has been controversial. Eurocord found that KIR ligand mismatching was associated with decreased relapse incidence (RI) and improved overall (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and for those with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, the Japanese registry found no association between KIR ligand matching and LFS or OS in 643 UCBT recipients with acute leukemia. However, both studies hav

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Bagot, Martine, Alessandro Moretta, Simona Sivori, et al. "CD4+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells express the p140–killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor." Blood 97, no. 5 (2001): 1388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v97.5.1388.

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Tumor cells of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) have the cell surface phenotype of mature T-helper lymphocytes, and it may be impossible to differentiate them from nonmalignant lymphocytes in skin and blood. Until now, no specific cell membrane marker of CTCL has been reported. In the current study, it is reported for the first time that CTCL cells express the major histocompatibility complex class I binding p140–killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, which has been described on a minor subset of natural killer lymphocytes and on a marginal circulating CD8+ T lymphocyte subset

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Pende, Daniela, Stefania Marcenaro, Michela Falco, et al. "Anti-leukemia activity of alloreactive NK cells in KIR ligand-mismatched haploidentical HSCT for pediatric patients: evaluation of the functional role of activating KIR and redefinition of inhibitory KIR specificity." Blood 113, no. 13 (2009): 3119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-06-164103.

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Abstract We analyzed 21 children with leukemia receiving haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) from killer immunoglobulin (Ig)–like receptors (KIR) ligand-mismatched donors. We showed that, in most transplantation patients, variable proportions of donor-derived alloreactive natural killer (NK) cells displaying anti-leukemia activity were generated and maintained even late after transplantation. This was assessed through analysis of donor KIR genotype, as well as through phenotypic and functional analyses of NK cells, both at the polyclonal and clonal level. Donor-

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Klyuchnikov, D. Yu, Yu Yu Teterina, O. V. Tyumina, and I. L. Davydkin. "Gene and genotype frequencies of immunoglobulin-like natural killer cell receptors in the population of Samara region." Oncohematology 18, no. 4 (2023): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1818-8346-2023-18-4-172-180.

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Background. The using of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) composition data is of increasing interest in clinical practice to select an optimal donor for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of hematologic malignancies to reduce graft versus host disease and the risk of relapse. It is also of interest to study the frequencies of KIR genes and genotypes in different populations. For the Russian Federation, KIR gene and genotype frequencies have been described for only a few relatively small samples and have not been fully studied. The study of KIR gene a

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Beksaç, Meral, and Klara Dalva. "Role of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor and Ligand Matching in Donor Selection." Bone Marrow Research 2012 (November 10, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/271695.

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Despite all efforts to improve HLA typing and immunosuppression, it is still impossible to prevent severe graft versus host disease (GVHD) which can be fatal. GVHD is not always associated with graft versus malignancy and can prevent stem cell transplantation from reaching its goals. Overall T-cell alloreactivity is not the sole mechanism modulating the immune defense. Innate immune system has its own antigens, ligands, and mediators. The bridge between HLA and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated reactions is becoming better understood in the context of stem cell transplantation. Killer immunogl

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Farag, Sherif, Andrea Bacigalupo, Bo Dupont, et al. "The Effect of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Ligand Incompatibility on Outcome of Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation (UDT)." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.434.434.

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Abstract KIR ligand incompatibility in the graft-versus-host (GvH) direction has been associated with a significant reduction in relapse, graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML)undergoing full haplotype-mismatched, T-cell depleted transplants. The effect in UDT has been less consistent. This study investigates the effect of KIR ligand mismatching on the outcome of UDT in a large combined data set from the National Marrow Donor Program and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, comparing the outcome of 1,816

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