Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method

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Academic literature on the topic 'Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 5 June 2025
Last updated: 25 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method"

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Giri, Suraj, Sourav Sen, and Mahima Lall. "Descriptive Study for Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 05 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/50.

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BACKGROUND In an infection caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenems is one the last antibiotics used, but the carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a clinical challenge. A relatively new test which was described few years back known as modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) is used to detect the presence of carbapenemase activity in Gramnegative bacilli. Various studies show this test be to be very sensitive and specific. We aim to study mCIM positivity on samples which are positive by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test method used for detection of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from clinical specimens. METHODS The study is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Samples received from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in the study. During this period 150 samples were collected which were resistant to meropenem by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. These CREs isolates were further subjected to mCIM and the result was analysed. RESULTS Out of the total 150 CRE isolates which were 100 % resistant to meropenem by the conventional disc diffusion method it is found that mCIM was positive for 148 (98.66 %) isolates and negative for only 02 (1.33 %). Two most common CRE were Klebsiella pneumonia (58 %) and Escherichia coli (32 %). In statistical analysis chi square test revealed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in percentage of positivity between the two methods (98.66 % vs 100 %). CONCLUSIONS mCIM is highly sensitive and specific method; however, in practice it showed no added advantage over Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in detecting CRE. KEYWORDS Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM), Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method, Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
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Thirunarayanan, Ganesamoorthy. "Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.47.

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A series containing twelve titled compounds were synthesized by solvent-free method and their purities were examined by literature procedure. These compounds were subjected to study the pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities and the insect antifeedant activities using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method with their bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and leaf disc bio-assay method with 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L.
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Thirunarayanan, Ganesamoorthy. "Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 6, 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-35o2ry.

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A series containing twelve titled compounds were synthesized by solvent-free method and their purities were examined by literature procedure. These compounds were subjected to study the pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities and the insect antifeedant activities using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method with their bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and leaf disc bio-assay method with 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L.
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Wahdaningsih, Sri, and Eka Kartika Untari. "The Antibacterial Activity of Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton & Rose) Methanolic Fraction Against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes." Jurnal Pharmascience 8, no. 2 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v8i2.10378.

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Acnes can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus B & R) fruit peels is one of natural materials which is assumed to possess an antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of red dragon fruit peels methanol fraction (RDFPMF) against S. epidermidis and P. acne by disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. Red dragon fruit peels were maceration in chloroform and fractionation in methanol. Clindamycin 4µg/disk was used as positive control and DMSO 10% was used as negative control. This research showed that the RDFPMF has antibacterial activity against P. acnes which the average of inhibition zones obtained from the concentrations from 100, 50, and 25 mg/mL respectively were 10.5 ± 0.50 mm, 10.0 ± 0.00 mm, and 8.5 ± 0.50 mm. The RDFPMF has no inhibition zone toward S. epidermidis. The red dragon fruit peels methanol fraction has antibacterial activity on P. acnes by disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test).
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Nguyen, Hoang B., Thanh L. Phan, Thi T. Ung, and Thi KL Nguyen. "Disc Diffusion Reader: an AI-powered potential solution to combat antibiotic resistance in developing countries." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 19, no. 05 (2025): 699–711. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21108.

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Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is vital for guiding treatment. Although widely used, the Kirby-Bauer method depends on skilled interpretation, which can be time-intensive and error-prone. This study explored the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven progressive web app (PWA) to automate the analysis of Kirby-Bauer test images, thereby enhancing accuracy and efficiency. Methodology: Images of Kirby-Bauer test results were annotated to train the Faster R-CNN ResNet-50 to detect agar plates, inhibition zones, and antibiotic discs. MobileNetv2 was used for antibiotic disc classification. A Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approach enabled technicians to correct errors and improve model performance through retraining. The PWA, built with VueJS and Python-PHP, provided real-time analysis aligned with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Results: The application achieved 92.95% accuracy for inhibition zone detection and 96.92% accuracy for antibiotic disc identification, with a performance improvement of 99.28% following HITL corrections. The measurements closely aligned with those of the technicians in 89.54% of the cases. The system processed up to 50 images per hour, supporting reliable and rapid AST workflow. Conclusions: The AI-powered “Disc Diffusion Reader” demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency, by reducing interpretation variability in the AST workflows. Its scalability and adaptability, particularly in low-resource settings, make it a valuable tool for combating AMR. Continuous retraining and validation will ensure sustained reliability, and highlight the potential of AI-driven solutions in modern microbiology.
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Gayathri, Paneerselvam, Jaganathan Divya, Inbasekaran Muthuvel, et al. "Bio-potent aryl ketoximes." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2024): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2024-0019.

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Abstract Four aryl ketoximes were synthesized by potassium hydrogen phthalate catalyzed condensation of aryl ketones and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under conventional heating in ethanol medium. The yield of this condensation is more than 75%. The synthesized ketoximes were characterized by their physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic data. The ligand-protein interactions ability of these ketoximes were studied by molecular docking method. The antimicrobial activities of these ketoximes were assess by Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion methods against selective microorganisms.
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Asamoah, R. B., E. Annan, B. Mensah, et al. "A Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 19, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7814324.

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The synergistic effects of transition metal based nanocomposites are known to possess enhanced antibacterial activities. However, in-depth analysis of the relative antibacterial performance of some of the prominent nanocomposites remains unavailable. This study compares the antibacterial activity of two separate nanocomposites, which are copper oxide with silver (CuO/Ag) and zinc oxide with silver (ZnO/Ag). The individual CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag nanocomposites were synthesised by a mixed wet-chemical method. The resulting particles were analysed by XRD, XRF, TEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, BET, and FTIR. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles were tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), respectively, using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and the microdilution methods. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion test results had the same minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value for both CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag against E. coli and S. aureus, which was 0.25 mg/ml. The applied nanocomposites using microdilution showed that CuO/Ag had approximately 98.8% and 98.7% efficiency on the respective Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, while ZnO/Ag achieved 91.7% and 89.3% efficiency, respectively, against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. This study presents a novel approach for relative analysis of the performance efficiency of transition metal based nanocomposites.
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Bala, Kumud, Ridhima Wadhwa, and Rachana Bohra. "“ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTOSE AND NON- LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST”." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15186.

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Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting gram negative bacteria from the tertiary care hospital.Methods: The conventional method of identification by biochemical analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2.Results: 424strains of lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli were isolated from 3097 clinical samples. From the total lactose fermenting bacteria Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate accounting for 50.94% specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 27.59% and Enterobacter 0.47%. From the total non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant isolate accounting for 12.73% specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa 6.13%, other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.17% , Burkholderia cepacia 0.94%. In the present study male were more infected than female. The study also showed that lactose fermenting bacteria were more infectious than non lactose-fermenting bacteria and isolates were from urine samples.Conclusion: Both Non-Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli and Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli were found to be major contaminants, and are important pathogenic bacteria causing wide range of infections in the tertiary care hospital.Keywords: Lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria, Vitek-2, Tertiary Care Hospital, Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion, Lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria
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Das, T., H. S. Deshmukh, A. Mathai, and Ashok Kumar Reddy. "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis: clinical presentation, sensitivity spectrum and management." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 6 (2009): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.009431-0.

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is gaining importance as a community-acquired pathogen, after becoming firmly established as a nosocomial pathogen. Here we report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis due to S. maltophilia. Antibiotic-susceptibility testing of the isolate was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The organism was resistant to aminoglycosides, imipenem, ticarcillin and cotrimoxazole and was sensitive to ceftazidime and chloramphenicol. The patient was successfully treated with a sensitivity-based intravitreal antibiotic regimen.
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Venkatraman, Rajendran, Jaganathan Divya, Pannerselvam Gayathri, Ganesamoorthy Thirunarayanan, and Inbasekaran Muthuvel. "Synthesis, spectral study and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some novel 4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-(substituted aryl)pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 35, no. 1 (2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2024-0005.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to synthesize some novel substituted 4-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl) pyrimidine- 2(1H)-thione compounds using sodium hydroxide catalyzed three component condensation and cyclization reaction of substituted 6-methoxy-2-acetonapthone, various substituted benzaldehydes and thiourea. These thione derivatives were characterized by their analytical, physical, and spectroscopic data. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial activities of these pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method.
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Book chapters on the topic "Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method"

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Bonsu Karikari, Akosua, Courage Kosi Setsoafia Saba, and David Yembilla Yamik. "Bacterial Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections: Multidrug Resistant ESBL Producing Gram Negative Uropathogens from Patients." In Urinary Tract Infection and Nephropathy - Insights into Potential Relationship [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98466.

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Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infectious diseases encountered in clinical practice. The development and spread of multidrug resistant isolates are of great global health burden; among them, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been a prime concern. This topic describes the resistance patterns of eighty three (83) Gram negative uropathogens to different classes of antibiotics. Bacteria isolates were obtained from patients of all age groups who sought medical attention at a secondary and tertiary hospital in Northern Ghana. Culture and isolation methods employed were the quantitative urine culture on Cysteine Lysine Electrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar and standard biochemical tests. ESBL production was detected using the CLSI recommended phenotypic confirmatory test along with routine antibiotic susceptibility test, adopting the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Out of 83 isolates, seven (7) Gram negative uropathogens were characterized and ESBLs were detected in 32 of the isolates. Escherichia coli was the pathogen with most ESBL positive strains. Generally high and multiple drug resistance were recorded in both ESBL and non-ESBL strains to the empirical drugs, however, ESBL positive strains significantly (p = 0.000) showed greater resistance. A notable finding was the appreciable resistance exhibited by ESBL strains to last line treatment drugs that include aminoglycosides and imipenem.
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Rajasekar, Sakthi Jaya Sundar, Sabarinathan Thiyagarajan, and Saleem Mohamed Ali. "Ab.ai – A Novel Automated AI Tool for Reporting Antibiograms." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti220984.

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Anti-Microbial Resistance is one of the greatest threats that mankind faces right now due to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Institution of appropriate antibiotics in right dose for the right patient at right time is the “gamechanger” in fighting AMR. Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing (AST) or antibiogram is done to ascertain the sensitivity profile of the organism. The most widely used method in laboratory practice in India is the Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion test. There are few shortcomings in the manual interpretation of antibiograms in the form of high inter-operator variability, mandatory requirement of trained microbiologists – which is difficult in low-resource settings and high degree of interpersonal bias due to various factors like stress, workload, and visual acuity. We propose the Ab.ai tool for automating the AST procedures in laboratory. The Ab.ai tool comprises of 3 phases: first for data collection, second for data processing and the third for generation of antibiotic sensitivity reports. Various software packages like OpenCV and EasyOCR are used for the development of the Ab.ai tool. A total of 50 antibiograms of both GPC and GNB are interpreted both by manual and automated method. The manual method is considered the “gold-standard” and the performance of Ab.ai tool was compared against the manual method. The Ab.ai tool achieved an agreement of 98.4% on susceptibility categorization of GPC antibiotics and 97.6% on that of GNB antibiotics against the gold standard manual method. The proposed Ab.ai tool serves as a perfect candidate for automating AST procedures and would prove to be a “game-changer” in battling AMR.
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Vishnubhotla, Deepaswitha, R. Ramya Krithi, A. Alekhya, D. Sriya, and R. Deepika. "Isolation and Characterization of Agrobacterium Tumefaciens from Crown Gall and Soil Samples." In Convergence of Technology & Biology - Transforming Life Sciences. Shanlax Publications, 2025. https://doi.org/10.34293/ctbtls.2025.ch016.

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens is popularly known as nature’s genetic engineer. It is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium which is generally found in soil. It causes tumour formation in plants due to its ability to perform inter-kingdom DNA transfer. Due to this characteristic of A. tumefaciens to act as a gene vector it is used as a gene jockeying tool. Its virulence is due to presence of Ti plasmid, T-DNA and vir regions of the plasmid. This paper focuses on the isolation and characterization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens isolated from two samples- crown gall present on Azadirachta indica (neem tree) and soil present around Phaseolus vulgaris (bean) plant. The tumour sample was surface sterilized using Tween-20, 70% ethanol and mercuric chloride solution while the soil sample was serially diluted. Isolation was done by streaking the samples onto MacConkey agar plates that is selective for Agrobacterium. On performing Gram staining it was determined that bacterium was Gram-negative. Antibiotic Sensitivity test performed using Kirby-Bauer method revealed that the isolate was sensitive to kanamycin (1.5 cm) and tetracycline (2.4 cm), visualized as zone of inhibition, while being resistant to cefuroxime and rifampin (0 cm). Biochemical tests revealed that the isolate was positive for motility test (highly motile), oxidase test (disc turns blue), catalase test (effervescence produced), citrate utilization test (Simmon’s citrate agar turned blue) and H2S production test (Kligler’s iron agar turned black). Positive result was obtained for the pathogenicity test in carrot, which confirmed tumour forming ability of the isolate. Leaves of brinjal plant which were infected with the isolate were then tested for GUS activity and blue coloured spots were observed which are positive for GUS assay. From the obtained results, it was concluded that the organism isolated was indeed Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, the strain can be confirmed only by using advanced techniques such as DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
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