To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method.
Journal articles on the topic 'Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Giri, Suraj, Sourav Sen, and Mahima Lall. "Descriptive Study for Detection of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Maharashtra." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 05 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/50.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND In an infection caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenems is one the last antibiotics used, but the carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a clinical challenge. A relatively new test which was described few years back known as modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) is used to detect the presence of carbapenemase activity in Gramnegative bacilli. Various studies show this test be to be very sensitive and specific. We aim to study mCIM positivity on samples which are positive by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity test method used for detection of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) from clinical specimens. METHODS The study is a cross sectional descriptive study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Samples received from February 2019 to September 2019 were included in the study. During this period 150 samples were collected which were resistant to meropenem by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. These CREs isolates were further subjected to mCIM and the result was analysed. RESULTS Out of the total 150 CRE isolates which were 100 % resistant to meropenem by the conventional disc diffusion method it is found that mCIM was positive for 148 (98.66 %) isolates and negative for only 02 (1.33 %). Two most common CRE were Klebsiella pneumonia (58 %) and Escherichia coli (32 %). In statistical analysis chi square test revealed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in percentage of positivity between the two methods (98.66 % vs 100 %). CONCLUSIONS mCIM is highly sensitive and specific method; however, in practice it showed no added advantage over Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in detecting CRE. KEYWORDS Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM), Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Method, Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
2
Thirunarayanan, Ganesamoorthy. "Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.37.47.
Full textAbstract:
A series containing twelve titled compounds were synthesized by solvent-free method and their purities were examined by literature procedure. These compounds were subjected to study the pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities and the insect antifeedant activities using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method with their bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and leaf disc bio-assay method with 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L.
3
Thirunarayanan, Ganesamoorthy. "Pharmacological and Insect Antifeedant Activities of some 3-(2,4-Dichloro-5-Fluorophenyl)-5-(Substituted Phenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-1H-Pyrazole-1-Carbothioamides." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 37 (August 6, 2014): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-35o2ry.
Full textAbstract:
A series containing twelve titled compounds were synthesized by solvent-free method and their purities were examined by literature procedure. These compounds were subjected to study the pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities and the insect antifeedant activities using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method with their bacterial and fungal strains, DPPH radical scavenging and leaf disc bio-assay method with 4th instar larvae Achoea janata L.
4
Wahdaningsih, Sri, and Eka Kartika Untari. "The Antibacterial Activity of Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus Britton & Rose) Methanolic Fraction Against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes." Jurnal Pharmascience 8, no. 2 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jps.v8i2.10378.
Full textAbstract:
Acnes can be caused by Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Red dragon (Hylocereus polyrhizus B & R) fruit peels is one of natural materials which is assumed to possess an antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of red dragon fruit peels methanol fraction (RDFPMF) against S. epidermidis and P. acne by disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer method. Red dragon fruit peels were maceration in chloroform and fractionation in methanol. Clindamycin 4µg/disk was used as positive control and DMSO 10% was used as negative control. This research showed that the RDFPMF has antibacterial activity against P. acnes which the average of inhibition zones obtained from the concentrations from 100, 50, and 25 mg/mL respectively were 10.5 ± 0.50 mm, 10.0 ± 0.00 mm, and 8.5 ± 0.50 mm. The RDFPMF has no inhibition zone toward S. epidermidis. The red dragon fruit peels methanol fraction has antibacterial activity on P. acnes by disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test).
5
Nguyen, Hoang B., Thanh L. Phan, Thi T. Ung, and Thi KL Nguyen. "Disc Diffusion Reader: an AI-powered potential solution to combat antibiotic resistance in developing countries." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 19, no. 05 (2025): 699–711. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.21108.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is vital for guiding treatment. Although widely used, the Kirby-Bauer method depends on skilled interpretation, which can be time-intensive and error-prone. This study explored the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven progressive web app (PWA) to automate the analysis of Kirby-Bauer test images, thereby enhancing accuracy and efficiency. Methodology: Images of Kirby-Bauer test results were annotated to train the Faster R-CNN ResNet-50 to detect agar plates, inhibition zones, and antibiotic discs. MobileNetv2 was used for antibiotic disc classification. A Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) approach enabled technicians to correct errors and improve model performance through retraining. The PWA, built with VueJS and Python-PHP, provided real-time analysis aligned with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. Results: The application achieved 92.95% accuracy for inhibition zone detection and 96.92% accuracy for antibiotic disc identification, with a performance improvement of 99.28% following HITL corrections. The measurements closely aligned with those of the technicians in 89.54% of the cases. The system processed up to 50 images per hour, supporting reliable and rapid AST workflow. Conclusions: The AI-powered “Disc Diffusion Reader” demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency, by reducing interpretation variability in the AST workflows. Its scalability and adaptability, particularly in low-resource settings, make it a valuable tool for combating AMR. Continuous retraining and validation will ensure sustained reliability, and highlight the potential of AI-driven solutions in modern microbiology.
6
Gayathri, Paneerselvam, Jaganathan Divya, Inbasekaran Muthuvel, et al. "Bio-potent aryl ketoximes." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 35, no. 2 (2024): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2024-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Four aryl ketoximes were synthesized by potassium hydrogen phthalate catalyzed condensation of aryl ketones and hydroxylamine hydrochloride under conventional heating in ethanol medium. The yield of this condensation is more than 75%. The synthesized ketoximes were characterized by their physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic data. The ligand-protein interactions ability of these ketoximes were studied by molecular docking method. The antimicrobial activities of these ketoximes were assess by Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion methods against selective microorganisms.
7
Asamoah, R. B., E. Annan, B. Mensah, et al. "A Comparative Study of Antibacterial Activity of CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag Nanocomposites." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (June 19, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7814324.
Full textAbstract:
The synergistic effects of transition metal based nanocomposites are known to possess enhanced antibacterial activities. However, in-depth analysis of the relative antibacterial performance of some of the prominent nanocomposites remains unavailable. This study compares the antibacterial activity of two separate nanocomposites, which are copper oxide with silver (CuO/Ag) and zinc oxide with silver (ZnO/Ag). The individual CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag nanocomposites were synthesised by a mixed wet-chemical method. The resulting particles were analysed by XRD, XRF, TEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometer, BET, and FTIR. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles were tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), respectively, using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion and the microdilution methods. The Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion test results had the same minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value for both CuO/Ag and ZnO/Ag against E. coli and S. aureus, which was 0.25 mg/ml. The applied nanocomposites using microdilution showed that CuO/Ag had approximately 98.8% and 98.7% efficiency on the respective Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species, while ZnO/Ag achieved 91.7% and 89.3% efficiency, respectively, against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. This study presents a novel approach for relative analysis of the performance efficiency of transition metal based nanocomposites.
8
Bala, Kumud, Ridhima Wadhwa, and Rachana Bohra. "“ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTOSE AND NON- LACTOSE FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST”." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15186.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to identify the fermenting and non-fermenting gram negative bacteria from the tertiary care hospital.Methods: The conventional method of identification by biochemical analysis and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Furthermore, analysis of microbes was done by Vitek-2.Results: 424strains of lactose fermenting and non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli were isolated from 3097 clinical samples. From the total lactose fermenting bacteria Escherichia coli was the predominant isolate accounting for 50.94% specimens, followed by Klebsiella pneumonia 27.59% and Enterobacter 0.47%. From the total non-lactose fermenting gram negative bacilli Acinetobacter baumannii was the predominant isolate accounting for 12.73% specimens followed by Pseudomonas aeroginosa 6.13%, other isolates were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 1.17% , Burkholderia cepacia 0.94%. In the present study male were more infected than female. The study also showed that lactose fermenting bacteria were more infectious than non lactose-fermenting bacteria and isolates were from urine samples.Conclusion: Both Non-Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli and Lactose Fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli were found to be major contaminants, and are important pathogenic bacteria causing wide range of infections in the tertiary care hospital.Keywords: Lactose fermenting gram negative bacteria, Vitek-2, Tertiary Care Hospital, Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion, Lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria
9
Das, T., H. S. Deshmukh, A. Mathai, and Ashok Kumar Reddy. "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endogenous endophthalmitis: clinical presentation, sensitivity spectrum and management." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 6 (2009): 837–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.009431-0.
Full textAbstract:
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is gaining importance as a community-acquired pathogen, after becoming firmly established as a nosocomial pathogen. Here we report a case of endogenous endophthalmitis due to S. maltophilia. Antibiotic-susceptibility testing of the isolate was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The organism was resistant to aminoglycosides, imipenem, ticarcillin and cotrimoxazole and was sensitive to ceftazidime and chloramphenicol. The patient was successfully treated with a sensitivity-based intravitreal antibiotic regimen.
10
Venkatraman, Rajendran, Jaganathan Divya, Pannerselvam Gayathri, Ganesamoorthy Thirunarayanan, and Inbasekaran Muthuvel. "Synthesis, spectral study and evaluation of antibacterial activity of some novel 4-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-(substituted aryl)pyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 35, no. 1 (2024): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2024-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The objective of this study was to synthesize some novel substituted 4-(2-methoxynaphthalen-6-yl) pyrimidine- 2(1H)-thione compounds using sodium hydroxide catalyzed three component condensation and cyclization reaction of substituted 6-methoxy-2-acetonapthone, various substituted benzaldehydes and thiourea. These thione derivatives were characterized by their analytical, physical, and spectroscopic data. In addition, the in vitro antibacterial activities of these pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated using Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method.
11
Dewi, Putu Sulistiawati, and I. Made Merta Suparka. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CEMCEM (Spondiaspinnata (L.f) Kurz) LEAF EXTRACT IN INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus mutans." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 19, no. 2 (2023): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v19i2.7704.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Dry socket is post-tooth extraction pain characterized by partial or complete loss of blood clots in the alveolar socket. One of the management of dry socket is by using antibiotic therapy. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in addition to being economically wasteful can also cause bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The use of herbal ingredients such as Cemcem (Spondiaspinnata (L.f) Kurz) is one solution. Cemcem leaves are thought to have antibacterial effects because they contain flavonoids, tannins and saponins. This study aims to determine the inhibition of cemcem leaf extract (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Materials and methods: The research method used is the Kirby Bauer method which is a sensitivity test with the agar diffusion method using the disc diffusion technique. In the Kirby Bauer sensitivity test using selective media, namely Muller Hinton Blood Agar media, the inhibition zone created is characterized by a clear zone around the disc. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test to determine whether or not there was a significant difference then continued with the Mann Whitney U - Test. Results: Cemcem leaf extract (Spondias pinnata (L.f) Kurz) with a concentration of 60% and 70% can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans better than positive control and 80% concentration. Conclusion: 60% concentration of cemcem leaf extract is more effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans than 70% and 80% concentrations.
12
Sugiartha, IG Eka, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Puspa Wardhani, and IGAA Putri Sri Rejeki. "COMPARISON RESULTS OF ANALYTICAL PROFILE INDEX AND DISC DIFFUSION ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST TO TECHNICAL DEDICATED REASONABLE 300B METHOD." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY 23, no. 2 (2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.24293/ijcpml.v23i2.1134.
Full textAbstract:
Angka kematian infeksi aliran darah cukup tinggi, berkisar 20–50%. Patogen penyebab dapat dibuktikan dengan pemeriksaan kulturdarah yang dilanjutkan dengan uji kepekaan antibiotika. Metode pemeriksaan dapat dilakukan secara manual atau automatis baiksemiautomatis ataupun automatis penuh. Metode manual relatif tidak memerlukan biaya yang besar dibandingkan metode automatisasi.Penelitian ini merupakan analisis observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Metode identifikasi manual memakai metode API danuji kepekaan antibiotika metode difusi cakram antibiotika Kirby Bauer. Kedua metode ini dibandingkan dengan metode semiautomatisTDR-300B. Metode automatis penuh VITEK 2 digunakan sebagai metode rujukan untuk menilai kinerja metode konvensional dansemiautomatis. Bakteri penyebab infeksi aliran darah didominasi Gram negatif kebanyakan Eschericia coli dan Klebsiella pneumonia.Ketepatan metode identifikasi API terhadap VITEK 2 sebesar 87,87%, ketepatan identifikasi metode TDR-300B terhadap metode VITEK2 adalah 90,9%. Hasil ketepatan uji kepekaan antibiotika metode konvensional difusi cakram antibiotika Kirby Bauer terhadap metodeVITEK 2 adalah 84,64%. Ketepatan uji kepekaan antibiotika metode TDR-300B terhadap metode VITEK 2 sebesar 82,5%. Ketepatanmetode API terhadap metode TDR-300B sebesar 84,84%. Ketepatan uji kepekaan antibiotika metode konvensional terhadap metodeTDR-300B sebesar 78,21%. Hasil metode identifikasi dan uji kepekaan antibiotika konvensional tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistikdengan metode semiautomatis TDR-300B. Metode identifikasi dan uji kepekaan antibiotika konvensional masih dapat dipercaya terutamauntuk daerah dengan keterbatasan biaya atau pemeriksaan masih sedikit.
13
Mala, Veerendiran, Inbasekaran Muthuvel, Ganesamoorthy Thirunarayanan, et al. "Ultrasound assisted synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of some (E)-1,2,3-triphenylprop-2-en-1-ones." Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 31, no. 2 (2020): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2020-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract More than 85% yield of (E)-1,2,3-triphenylprop-2-en-1-ones were synthesized using disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) catalyzed ultrasound assisted aldol condensation of 1,2-diphenylethanone and various substituted benzaldehydes. Synthesized (E)-1,2,3-triphenylprop-2-en-1-ones were examined by their spectroscopic data, yield, micro analysis and physical constants. The effect of solvent on the yield was investigated. The pharmacological effects such as antibacterial and antifungal activities of synthesized enones were evaluated with Bauer-Kirby disc diffusion method.
14
Jain, Sheetal, Rohit Kumar, and Ramanath Karicheri. "Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of coagulase negative staphylococci in a tertiary care hospital of Southern Rajasthan." Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2023.065.
Full textAbstract:
Coagulase negative staphylococci have been recognized as one of the important cause of hospital acquired infections in recent past. It has become difficult to manage these infections due to emergence of multidrug resistance to them. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic sensitivity trend of all Coagulase negative Staphylococci isolates using modified Kirby- Bauer disk diffusion technique. To assess the antibiotic sensitivity for coagulase negative staphylococci, Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar was used. The study findings were interpreted on the basis of CLSI standards. All coagulase negative staphylococci isolates were given a predetermined panel of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci were identified using Cefoxitin disk. The sensitivity to Linezolid, Vancomycin and Rifampicin was found in all 500 isolates of coagulase negative staphylococci in our study. However, they were resistant to Penicillin G (65%), Cefoxitin (56%), Ciprofloxacin (57%), Levofloxacin (32%), Gentamicin (21%), Erythromycin (67%), Clindamycin (60%), Cotrimoxazole (51%) Tetracycline (9%). As CoNS have emerged as an important agent of hospital acquired infections, hence there is need of identification, speciation and resistance pattern of isolates for better management of patients.
15
El-Boraey, Hanaa A., and Aballah El-domiaty. "Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization And Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel Nitrogen Containing Metal Complexes." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 16 (January 31, 2019): 6313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v16i0.8030.
Full textAbstract:
Four novel Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II) complexes with nitrogen containing ligand (L) i.e. N,N-((Z)-ethane-1,2-diylidine)bis(2-amino benzo hydrazide) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, spectral, thermal (TG/DTG), molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. From the spectroscopic and magnetic studies it has been concluded that all complexes have a six coordinated octahedral geometry. The Schiff base and their metal complexes have also been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by using a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
16
BERKTAŞ, Mustafa, Sabri GÜNGÖR, İclal BALCI, and Bünyamin FİDAN. "The Susceptibility of P.aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens to Antimicrobial Agents." European Journal of Therapeutics 6, no. 1 (2023): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.58600/eurjther.1995-6-1-1541-arch.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, the effects of antimicrobial agents on 105 P.aeruginosa strains isolated from various clinical specimens were examined. The frequency of the clinical specimens isolated from P.aeruginosa strains were as follows; pus (29), urine (28); thorat (17) and ear (13) swabs, feces (10) and phlegm (8). Antibiotic susceptibility test was done through Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion Method. The susceptibility of P.aeruginosa strains to 3rd generation cephalosporins, quinolones, carbapenems and aminoglycosides was found to be satisfying, whereas the susceptibility to 2nd generation cephalosporins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was lower or resistant.
17
Katili, Syifa Sari, Defny S. Wewengkang, and Henki Rotinsulu. "UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK ETANOL ORGANISME LAUT SPONS Ianthella basta TERHADAP BEBERAPA MIKROBA PATOGEN." PHARMACON 9, no. 1 (2020): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.27415.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTSponges are multicellular metazoa animals belonging to the Porifera phylum, which has a different structure from other metazoans. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ethanol extracts from the marine organism sponge Ianthella basta have antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The extraction method used is maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. The method used is the Diffusion Method (Disc Diffusion Kirby and Bauer). The antimicrobial activity test uses a 6 mm paper disc with 50 µL absorption per disc. The results of crude ethanol extract of Ianthella basta sponge from all test microbes, namely Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, were seen to provide the greatest inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an average of inhibitory zone of 7.00 mm categorize as intermediate The results obtained showed that the crude extract of the sponge Ianthella basta has antimicrobial activity because it can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans microbes even though the inhibition zone is categorized as intermediate. Keywords: Ianthella basta, antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans. ABSTRAKSpons adalah hewan metazoa multiseluler tergolong ke dalam filum Porifera, yang memiliki perbedaan struktur dengan metazoan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol dari organisme laut spons Ianthella basta memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap beberapa mikroba patogen Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Candida albicans. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Metode Difusi (Disc Diffusion Kirby and Bauer). Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba ini menggunakan kertas cakram (paper disc) berukuran 6 mm dengan daya serap 50 µL tiap cakram. Hasil ekstrak kasar etanol Spons Ianthella basta dari semua mikroba uji yaitu Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Candida albicans, terlihat yang memberikan daya hambat paling besar terdapat pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan jumlah rata – rata zona hambat yaitu 7,00 mm dengan kategori sedang. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar dari Spons Ianthella basta memiliki aktivitas antimikroba karena mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba uji Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Candida albicans walaupun dengan zona hambat yang dikategorikan sedang. Kata Kunci : Ianthella basta, antimikroba, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans.
18
Mangangkung, Nazarrian, Esther Dellayani Angkouw, Veibe Warouw, Remy Emile Petrus Mangindaan, Fitje Losung, and Revol Dulles Monijung. "Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Ultraviolet Activity Test Of Black Cucumber (Holothuria atra) Extract From Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City." Jurnal Ilmiah PLATAX 11, no. 2 (2023): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jip.v11i2.48018.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to obtain the crude extract of Holothuria atra, test its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium strains using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion), test the anti-UV of Holothuria atra extract taken from Tongkaina Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City. Antibacterial testing was carried out with several different concentrations, from the results of antibacterial testing carried out the average inhibition zone on E. coli bacteria with 100,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (9.67 mm), for 50,000 ppm the average inhibition zone was (8 mm), from B. megaterium bacteria known to have H.a 100,000 ppm producing an average inhibition zone (9.67 mm), H.a 50,000 ppm an average inhibition zone of (8.67 mm). The results of the anti-UV test for Holothuria atra extract showed absorption in UV-C at λ 210 nm with the highest absorbance value of 2.774. Keywords: Sea cucumber, Antibacterial, Anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium. Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kasar Holothuria atra, menguji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap strain Escherichia coli dan Bacillus megaterium dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby-Bauer), menguji anti-UV dari ekstrak Holothuria atra yang diambil dari Perairan Tongkaina Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda, dari hasil pengujian antibakteri yang dilakukan rerata zona hambat pada bakteri E. coli dengan 100.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (9,67 mm), untuk 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8 mm), dari bakteri B. Megaterium diketahui H.a 100.000 ppm menghasilkan rerata zona hambat (9,67 mm), H.a 50.000 ppm rerata zona hambat sebesar (8,67 mm). Untuk hasil pengujian anti-UV ekstrak Holothuria atra menunjukkan serapan pada UV-C pada λ 210 nm dengan nilai absorban tertinggi 2,774. Kata kunci : Teripang laut, antibakteri, anti-UV, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megaterium.
19
D. Venkatesha, R. Shakthi. "Determination of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance Among Staphylococcal Isolates from a Tertiary Care Hospital." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2021): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1009.026.
Full textAbstract:
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as one of the commonest causes of hospital acquired infections. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA. Increase in Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Vancomycin has been observed in both Methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcal isolates. In critically ill patients, Vancomycin has become a poor therapeutic antibiotic whereas; Linezolid has emerged as an alternative drug in treating such patients. This study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity pattern among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to Vancomycin and Linezolid, in order to formulate a better treatment.100 S. aureuswere isolated from various clinical specimens. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and MICs of Vancomycin and Linezolid were determined by E-test following CLSI guidelines. Out of 100 S. aureus isolated, 68 were MRSA strains. Among 68 strains of MRSA for which MIC levels of Vancomycin 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 4, 27, and 37 respectively. Similarly, out of total MRSA strains MIC levels of Linezolid 4 µg/ml, 2µg/ml and 1 µg/ml were 1, 25, and 42 respectively. All 100 strains showed similar in-vitro efficacy for Vancomycin and Linezolid by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, but the number of strains with higher ranges of MICs of Vancomycin were more as compared to those which had higher ranges of MICs for Linezolid. Hence we suggest that Linezolid can be used as an alternative for the treatment of MRSA.
20
Mangla, Aarushi, Hetal Vasani, and M. M. Vegad. "Evaluation of different phenotypic techniques in detection of metallo-betalactamases in pseudomonas aeruginosa." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 8, no. 3 (2022): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2022.047.
Full textAbstract:
Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas is a worrisome pathogen to hospital infection control due to production of resistance to multiple antibiotics. So, treatment options are narrowed down to only few antibiotics which will result in high morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted with the aim to detect prevalence of MBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to compare the different phenotypic methods for the detection of MBL production in Imipenem resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. : In this prospective study total of 14,145 different clinical samples received from different wards. Out of which 804 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using CLSI guidelines. These were evaluated for Carbapenems resistance and MBL production. Imipenem resistant strains were subjected to screening tests like Double-disc synergy test, Combined disc diffusion test (CDT) and Modified-Hodge test. : In our study out of 804 isolates,153(19.02%) isolates are resistant to Imipenem. Out of 153 Imipenem resistant isolates, Combined disc diffusion test was positive in 100%, Double disc synergy test in 76.5% and Modified-hodge test in 84.15% isolates.: Combined disc diffusion test is very sensitive, cost effective and convenient screening test for detection of MBL producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa. So, all Imipenem resistant Pseudomonas isolates should be regularly screened for detection of MBL by Combined disc diffusion test (CDT) to prevent spread of resistance, longer hospital stay and treatment failure.
21
Sampah, James, Isaac Owusu-Frimpong, Frank Twum Aboagye, and Alex Owusu-Ofori. "Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a teaching hospital in Ghana." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (2023): e0274156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274156.
Full textAbstract:
Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae is an increasing global challenge due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with their infections, especially in developing countries where there are little antibiotic treatment options. Despite these challenges, few studies in Ghana have described the burden of CRE. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in the Central region of Ghana. Methodology/Principal findings Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from April to July 2019 at the bacteriology unit of CCTH using a consecutive sampling method. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and confirmed using API 20E. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiogram of isolates. Isolates were also subjected to ESBL testing using the single-disc combination method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and then examined genotypically for the presence of blaKPC-1, blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 genes via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 230 isolates comprising E. coli (40.9%), Citrobacter spp. (32.6%), K. pneumoniae (9.1%), P. mirabilis (6.1%), P. vulgaris (5.2%), Enterobacter spp (3.5%)., K. oxytoca (2.2%), and Serratia marcenses (0.4%). Most isolates were from urine 162(70.4%) and wound samples. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin 171 (74.3%) and cefuroxime 134(58.3%). The prevalence of MDR was 35.2% (81), with E. coli 40(42.6%) being the majority that exhibited MDR. Of the 230 isolates, 113(49.1%) were ESBL producers, with E. coli 54(57.5%) accounting for the majority, while Serratia marcenses was the least. Of the 13 (5.7%) CRE isolates that showed resistance towards carbapenem in the disc diffusion method, 11 showed the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene, while all isolates showed the presence of the blaOXA-48 gene. Conclusion The prevalence of carbapenem resistance and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae pathogens among patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital is high and alarming. Therefore, it is imperative to consider effective infection prevention and control measures should be implemented at the hospital to prevent the rapid spread of these dangerous organisms.
22
Gurung, Manisha, Nitesh G.C, Pawan Acharya, Shyam Sundar Aryal, Sumita Marasini, and Sushil Panta. "Combinatorial Effect of Antibiotics on Prevalent Microorganisms Causing Urinary Tract Infection." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 13, no. 2 (2024): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.507.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common medical condition of urinary tract detected by the presence of threshold number 105 Colony Forming Unit per millilitre of pathogenic bacteria in the urine. This study aimed to determine the combinatorial effect of antimicrobials on the most prevalent microorganism causing UTI along with antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods: Thirty-five bacterial isolates from patients diagnosed with UTI were collected from Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. The isolates were investigated using Standard Laboratory Procedures followed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility test and Double disc diffusion method for combinatorial effect. Results: Out of 35 bacterial isolates, 30 (85.71%) isolates showed resistance pattern to the antibiotics where ampicillin and amoxicillin were the most resistant drug (82.9% each) in 29 isolates and the most sensitive drug was imipenem (82.9%) followed by amikacin (80.0%). The combinatorial effect of antibiotics against resistant isolates was observed using double disc diffusion method in which 10 (33.3%) Escherichia coli isolates out of 30 showed positive result against combination of cefotaxime+amoxicillin, levofloxacin amoxicillin, levofloxacin gentamicin and cefotoxamine+levofloxacin. Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli, the most prevalent bacteria causing urinary tract infection was highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. The resistant antibiotics showed positive result in combination with other antibiotics using double disc diffusion method. This study could be useful for future studies in the therapeutic uses of combination of antibiotics.
23
Sharma, Nisha, and Purshotam Kaushik. "Antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula Retz., against Escherichia coli." Environment Conservation Journal 14, no. 1&2 (2013): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2013.141217.
Full textAbstract:
Terminalia chebula Retz. belongs to the family Combretaceae and is commonly known as Black myrobalan. In the present study fruits of Terminalia chebula were screened for potential antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activity was determined in aqueous, methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts by using disc diffusion ( Kirby-Bauer) method. The activity was carried out for different concentrations of plant extracts i.e. 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml and the relative solvents were used as control for respective extracts. Ciprofloxacin was used as positive control. The antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula gave encouraging results.
24
Chaudhary, Bajarangi Lal, Dakshina Bisht, and Sameer Singh Faujdar. "Biofilm Formation and its Association with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 4 (2021): 2041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.4.26.
Full textAbstract:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically significant pathogen that causes infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening sepsis. Biofilm formation by MRSA is one of the crucial virulence factor. Determination of beta-lactamase and biofilm production among Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from various clinical specimens. Standard bacteriological procedures were used for isolation and identification and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. The cloverleaf method, acidometric, iodometric and chromogenic methods were used to detect beta-lactamase while the microtiter plate method and Congo red agar method were used to detect biofilm production. Of the 288 MRSA strains isolated from various clinical specimens,198 (67.07%) were biofilm producers. Cloverleaf and chromogenic (nitrocefin) disc shows 100% results for beta-lactamase detection. Vancomycin was 100% sensitive followed by teicoplanin (92.36%) and linezolid (89.93%). Cloverleaf and nitrocefin disc methods were the most sensitive for detection of beta-lactamase in S. aureus and there was no significant relation between biofilm production and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of S. aureus.
25
Poornachitra, Poornachitra, Jayanth Kumar Vadivel, Geetha R. V, and Subha Manoharan. "Comparison of Antimicrobial Potency Assay of Common Antibiotic Prophylaxis Drugs Recommended in Dentistry for Preventing Infective Endocarditis - An Invitro Study from Chennai, India." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 31 (2021): 2384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/489.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND Infective endocarditis [IE] prophylaxis is recommended for all dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa. The study intended to compare the antimicrobial potency of amoxicillin, cephalexin, and clindamycin against Streptococcus mutans, the common causative organism of dental infections. The objective was to assess the potency of recommended choice of antibiotics and its efficacy among each other in infective endocarditis prophylaxis during dental procedures. METHODS Saliva samples [N = 20] were collected from patients susceptible for IE and Streptococcus mutans was cultured in Infusion Agar. The principle used in this study was based on the Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test [AST] Method and minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]. In this method, the three HiMedia antibiotic discs of amoxicillin, cephalexin and clindamycin were loaded and assessed for measurable “zone of inhibition” against mutans. RESULTS One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means of zone of inhibition of each disc. The test was statistically significant with F value of 4.093 at P value 0.038. Post hoc analysis was conducted using Tukey’s HSD test as one-way ANOVA was statistically significant. The mean difference of 13.16 mm between amoxicillin and cephalexin was found to be statistically significant at P value 0.041 with lower and upper bound at 0.527 and 25.806 respectively. The mean difference of 2.65 mm between amoxicillin and clindamycin and - 10.50 mm between cephalexin and clindamycin was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Amoxicillin showed to be more potent among the antibiotics chosen for this study. Clindamycin showed to be a better alternative to cephalexin and could be the first choice in case of patients allergic to penicillin group of drugs. KEY WORDS Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Infective Endocarditis, Antimicrobial Potency, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC], Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test [AST], Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion Method
26
Saleem, Waqar, Beenish Sarfraz, and Sumaira Mazhar. "Combined Effect of Honey, Neem (Azadirachta Indica), and Turmeric against Staphylococcus Aureus and E. Coli Isolated from a Clinical Wound Sample." BioScientific Review 4, no. 4 (2022): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.44.01.
Full textAbstract:
Antimicrobial resistance has become evident all over the world. Resistance to antibiotics has become a concern in case of a wide variety of bacterial species, both pathogenic and commensal. More recently, E. coli, pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, and Enterococci were found to be adversely affecting the healthcare structures of the world, particularly where acute and long-term care facilities are available. Microbial species were identified by Vitek compact-2 and MALDI-TOF, while antibiogram sensitivity was checked using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion and well diffusion method. The study used 20 wound samples from five (5) men and fifteen (15) women. Thirty-four (34) purified colonies of bacteria were created, in which 8 were E. coli and 2 were S. aureus. The effects of neem, turmeric, and honey with ethanol extracts showed the maximum zone of inhibition against clinically isolated E. coli, such as PM33C4 and AM25C4. While, methanol extract also showed the maximum zone of inhibition against PM56C4, AF34C4, and PM57C4, using disc diffusion and well diffusion methods. Correspondingly, the effect of neem, turmeric, and honey with ethanol extracts showed maximum inhibition against S. aureus. Whereas, methanol extract showed a sensitive zone of inhibition only against PM54C1 using the disc diffusion method. Hence, it was determined that natural ingredients such as honey, turmeric, and neem are an effective alternative to antibiotics because they manifest excellent antimicrobial activity against clinical bacterial isolates.
27
Linggama, Gisella Aisyah, Lita ADY Montolalu, Netty Salindeho, et al. "AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK AIR REBUSAN DAUN MANGROVE SEGAR Sonneratia alba DI DESA WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA." MEDIA TEKNOLOGI HASIL PERIKANAN 7, no. 2 (2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/mthp.7.2.2019.23612.
Full textAbstract:
Sonneratia alba is one type of mangrove whose trees are always green, grow scattered, the height is sometimes up to 15 m and has compounds that are antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity found in extracts of Sonneratia alba mangrove leaf decoction in inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Using the infusion extraction method by boiling it for 40 and 50 minutes after that it is boiled again with small fire water then dried in an oven with a temperature of 75–80°C with an extract concentration of 5% and 10%, positive control (chloramphenicol), and negative control (aquades). The antibacterial activity assay method used was agar diffusion (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) which has been modified. The results obtained were obtained antibacterial activity from extracts of fresh mangrove leaf boiled water extract and antibacterial activity was shown against both test bacteria and explained the broad spectrum antibacterial compounds.Keyword: Sonneratia alba, antibacterial, infusion. Sonneratia alba merupakan salah satu jenis mangrove yang pohon selalu hijau, tumbuh tersebar, ketinggian kadang-kadang hingga 15 m dan memiliki senyawa yang bersifat antibakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri yang terdapat pada ekstrak air rebusan daun mangrove Sonneratia alba dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Menggunakan metode ekstraksi infusa dengan cara direbus selama 40 dan 50 menit setelah itu direbus kembali dengan air api kecil kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven dengan suhu 75–80°C dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 5% dan 10%, kontrol positif (kloramfenikol), dan kontrol negatif (akuades). Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang digunakan adalah difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) yang telah dimodifikasi. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu didapatkan aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak air rebusan daun mangrove segar dan aktivitas antibakterinya ditunjukkan terhadap kedua bakteri uji dan menjelaskan senyawa antibakteri tersebut berspektrum luas.Kata kunci: Sonneratia alba, antibakteri, infusa.
28
Ngantung, Yunike E., Herny E. I. Simbala, and Henki Rotinsulu. "UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI TUNIKATA Lissoclinum patella TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN MIKROBA Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, DAN Candida albicans." PHARMACON 8, no. 4 (2019): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29359.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Tunicate is one of the marine biota that has the potential to be utilized as a search for bioactive compounds, as prospective drugs in the pharmaceutical world. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions of Tunicates Lissoclinum patella obtained from the waters of Tumbak Village against the growth of microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Samples were extracted by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform and methanol. Antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer). The results showed that the ethanols extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, methanol fraction effectively inhibited the growth of microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans with moderate inhibition strength categories based on Davis and Stout theory. Keywords : Tunicata, Lissoclinum patella, antimicrobial, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. ABSTRAK Tunikata merupakan salah satu biota laut yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pencarian senyawa bioaktif, calon obat di dunia farmasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba dari ekstrak dan fraksi Tunikata Lissoclinum patella yang diperoleh dari perairan Desa Tumbak terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut n-Heksan, kloroform dan metanol. Aktivitas antimikroba diuji menggunakan metode disc diffusion test (Kirby dan Bauer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahkwa ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-Heksan, fraksi kloroform, fraksi metanol efektif menghambat mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans dengan kategori kekuatan daya hambat sedang berdasarkan teori Davis dan Stout. Kata kunci : Tunikata, Lissoclinum patella, antimikroba, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus.
29
Sharma, Manisha, Beena Jha, Sushmita Neupane, and Chandra Prakash Bhatt. "Prevalence of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Visiting Kathmandu Medical College." Journal of Nobel Medical College 13, no. 2 (2024): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v13i2.74411.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the leading cause. This study was done to ascertain the prevalence of Multi drug resistance, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase and carbapenemase production among urinary Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done in a Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal from March-September, 2024 after obtaining ethical clearance. Total 89 urinary Klebsiella pneumoniaeisolates were studied. Urine culture, isolation and identification of the isolates was done using standard microbiology techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Extended spectrum Beta lactamase producers were screened using ceftazidime and confirmed by ceftazidime (30μg) and ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid (30/10μg) disc. Carbapenemase producers were detected using modified carbapenem inactivation method. The data obtained were computed and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences 20.0 Version. Results: Total 89(11.93%) Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 743 urine sample. Among the isolates, 50 (56.17%) were multidrug resistant. Extended spectrum Beta lactamase detection by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test identified 34 (38.20%) extended spectrum Beta lactamase producers. 21 (23.59%) were Meropenem resistant by Disc diffusion method while Carbapenemase production was confirmed in 6 (6.74%) isolates by Modified Carbapenem Inactivation method. Conclusion: The present study concluded that multidrug resistance and Extended spectrum Beta lactamase production among uropathogenicKlebsiella pneumoniae is prevalent in our setting. The isolates producing carbapenemase were fewer but raises significant concern.
30
Sanju Pannu, Sumitra Kumari, Anjli Gupta Geeta Tinna, and B. P. Sharma. "Prevalence of ESBL and MBL Producing Acinetobacter species Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital in North-West Region of Rajasthan." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2021): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1010.062.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted with an objective to find the prevalence of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) and metallo betalactamase (MBL) in Acinetobacter species. It was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sardar Patel Medical college, Bikaner from Feb 2018 to Feb.2019. in various clinical specimens including urine, pus, blood, vaginal swabs, respiratory samples, and various body fluids were processed Acinetobacter species isolates were identified by standard protocols. Antibiotic sensitivity testing for all isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Disc potentiation test was performed to check ESBL and MBL production in these bacteria. Maximum ESBL and MBL positive isolates of Acinetobacter species were observed among E.T. tube samples. Early detection, stringent antibiotic policies, and compliance towards infection control practices are the best defenses against this organisms.
31
Nordin, Norsyafikah Asyilla, Tchan Wei Chai, Bee Ling Tan, et al. "Novel Synthetic Monothiourea Aspirin Derivatives Bearing Alkylated Amines as Potential Antimicrobial Agents." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2378186.
Full textAbstract:
A new series of aspirin bearing alkylated amines moieties 1–12 were synthesised by reacting isothiocyanate with a series of aniline derivatives in overall yield of 16–56%. The proposed structures of all the synthesised compounds were confirmed using elemental analysis, FTIR, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus via turbidimetric kinetic and Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Compound 5 bearing meta -CH3 substituent showed the highest relative inhibition zone diameter against tested bacteria compared to ortho and para substituent. Furthermore, aspirin derivatives bearing shorter chains exhibited better bacterial inhibition than longer alkyl chains.
32
Dr. Vandana Sukhadia. "Characterization, Comparative Assessment and Antibacterial Potential of Copper(II) Soya Complexes against Staphylococcus Aureus." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 11, no. 2 (2024): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrset2411245.
Full textAbstract:
Copper(II) soap complexes have been proven their activity against bacteria very effectively. Herein, the influence of biophysical and biomechanical parameters on the activity of Copper(II) soya thiourea complex was evaluated. To this aim, liquid as well as solid growth media were developed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The antibacterial activity of Copper(II) soya thiourea complex against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus was assessed in various concentration of Copper(II) Soya complexes. Copper (II) Soya complexes also resist bacterial growth at higher concentration. This review provides a board overview of Staphylococcus aureus with an emphasis on the Copper(II) soya thiourea complex
33
Rompas, Widya Fransiska, Defny Silvia Wewengkang, and Deby Afriani Mpila. "ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF LAMELLODYSIDEA HERBACEA SPONGE EXTRACT FROM THE WATERS OF POOPOH VILLAGE, MINAHASA REGENCY." PHARMACON 12, no. 3 (2023): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.12.2023.48915.
Full textAbstract:
Infectious disease is one of the diseases that is currently became a health problem in the community. Along with the increase in cases of infection, there is also an increase in cases of resistance to antibiotics. The biodiversity of Indonesia exhibit a potential at anti-bacterial which could be develop to become antibioctics candidate. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Lamellodysidea herbacea sponge obtained from the waters of Poopoh village, Minahasa Regency against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. Extraction was carried by maceration out using 95% ethanol solvent. Anti-bacterial testing using agar diffusion method (Disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer). The results showed that the ethanol extracts of Lamellodysidea herbacea sponge had the largest inhibition zone on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 250 μL/disc of 7.5 mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria at a concentration of 250 μL/disc of 7.33 mm, both inhibition zones were in the medium category. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the largest inhibition zone is found in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
34
Poernomo, Hendri, Mochammad Taha Ma’ruf, and Laksmi Novrina Dewi. "THE COMPARISON OF MACERATION AND SOXHACLETATION METHODS EFFECTIVENESS ON GARLIC EXTRACT TO INHIBIT STAPHYLOCOCUS AUREUS GROWTH." Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) 18, no. 2 (2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46862/interdental.v18i2.5414.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: An abscess is pathological, pus-filled cavity caused by mixedbacterial infection. Bacteria that a role in the process, namely Staphyloccocusaureus. Treatment of abscesses is usually by antibiotics. Abscesses caused byStaphylococcus aureus appears to be resistant to antibiotics, alternative needed by utilizing herbal plants such as garlic. Garlic has active ingredientallicin has antibacterial. Objective: The purpose was to determined whichmethod was the most effective among maceration and soxhletation methodsin making garlic extract with a concentration of 50% against the resistance ofStaphyloccocus aureus. Material and Methods: The research method usedKirby Bauer method which is sensitivity test with the agar diffusion methodusing the disc diffusion technique. The Kirby Bauer sensitivity test usingselective media, namely Muller Hinton Agar media, the inhibition zone iscreated area with a clear zone around the disc. Result: Data obtained fromthe results this study were statistically tested using normality with Shapiro-Wilk to see whether the data normally distributed or not, the expression was with the One Way Anova test to see whether there was a difference that could be measured later with the Least Significant Differencetest to see groups that are influential in inhibiting bacteria. Discussion: Thecontent of active compounds from garlic extract by soxhletation methodmore easily extracted because circulation that can increase the rate of transfercompounds from extract. Conclusion: The results, 50% concentration ofgarlic extract using the soxhletation more effective in inhibiting the growth ofStaphylococcus aureus bacteria than the maceration method.
35
Mongi, Alfa, Deiske A. Sumilat, Fitje Losung, Remmy E. P. Mangindaan, Rosita A. Lintang, and Suzanne L. Undap. "BIOAKTIVITAS JAMUR Aspergillus flavus YANG BERSIMBION DENGAN ASCIDIAN Eudistoma sp." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 8, no. 2 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.8.2.2020.28765.
Full textAbstract:
Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to obtain symbiotic fungi isolates, ethyl acetate extracts from ascidian symbiotic isolates, and to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic isolates using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against the Candida albicans fungus. The results obtained 1 ascidian species which was cultured to obtain pure isolates, the pure isolates were tested molecularly and the results showed that the isolate was Aspergillus flavus, then the isolates were grown on rice medium and extracted. The results of the fungal extract showed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli by 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus by 19 mm and against the Candida albicans by 13.5 mm. Keywords : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Symbiotic. AbstrakAscidian merupakan avertebrata laut yang dapat menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif yang seperti antibakteri dan antijamur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendapatkan isolat jamur simbion dari ascidian, mendapatkan ekstrak etil asetat dari isolat jamur simbion ascidian, dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur ekstrak etil asetat isolat jamur simbion dengan metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 1 jenis ascidian yang kemudian dikultur untuk mendapatkan isolat murni, isolat murni diuji secara molekuler dan didapati hasil bahwa isolat tersebut merupakan jamur Aspergillus flavus. Isolat tersebut kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media nasi dan diekstrak. Hasil ekstrak jamur tersebut menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri dan antijamur terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli sebesar 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 19 mm dan terhadap jamur Candida albicsans 13,5 mm. Kata kunci : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus flavus, Antibakteri, Antijamur, Simbion.
36
Arun, Thangavel. "Evaluation of Preliminary Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activity of Edible Plants against Urinary Tract Infection Causing Bacteria in Children." Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Biochemical Technology 3, no. 2 (2017): 024–30. https://doi.org/10.17352/jcmbt.000022.
Full textAbstract:
The present study is aimed to determine the preliminary phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of acetone extract of the edible plants, Solanum nigrum (L.), Murraya koenigii (L.), Sesbania grandiflora (L.) against urinary tract infection causing bacteria in children. These edible plant extracts were checked for their antibacterial activity by the agar disc diffusion method. The preliminary phytochemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, proteins, amino acids, anthraquinone glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, saponins and steroids. In the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, Ciprofl oxacin showed the high zone formation against all the isolated bacterial strains. Among all the extracts, Murraya koenigii (L.) from winter season showed maximum inhibitory activity for all the isolated bacterial strains. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of the acetone extract of these three edible plants from two different seasons against the isolated bacterial strains were observed. The acetone extracts of these edible plants have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and support the traditional use of these plants as medicines.
37
Sakul, Glorya, Herny E. I. Simbala, and Gerald Rundengan. "UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PANGI (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli DAN Pseudomonas aeruginosa." PHARMACON 9, no. 2 (2020): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.29282.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTOne of the natural ingredients that are often used as a medicinal plants is Pangi (Pangium edule Reinw. Ex Blume) plant. The part of pangi that are often used are leaves, which is known have antibacterial activity. North Sulawesi people empirically use this plant as food and to cure various diseases such as treating itching on the skin caused by bacteria found on the skin. The aim of this research was to determine and study the strength of antibacterial inhibition based on the category of inhibition by Davis and Stout of ethanol extract from pangi (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume) leaf performed by disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer method againts Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonos aeruginosa bacterias. The result showed that the ethanol extract from pangi (Pangium edule Reinw. Ex Blume) leaf has medium inhibitory strength at concentrations of 4%, 6% and 8%.Keywords: Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume leaf, Antibacterial, Disc diffusion method ABSTRAKSalah satu bahan alam yang sering digunakan sebagai tumbuhan obat adalah tumbuhan pangi (Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume). Bagian dari tumbuhan pangi yang sering digunakan adalah bagian daun, dimana telah diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara secara empiris menggunakan tumbuhan ini sebagai bahan makanan serta untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit seperti mengobati penyakit gatal-gatal pada kulit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang terdapat pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kekuatan daya hambat antibakteri berdasarkan kategori penggolongan daya hambat oleh Davis dan Stout dari ekstrak etanol daun Pangium edule Reinw. ex. Blume dengan metode difusi agar (difusi disk Kirby dan Bauer) terhadap bakteri uji Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hasil penelitian didapati bahwa ekstrak etanol daun Pangium edule Reinw ex. Blume mempunyai kekuatan daya hambat kategori sedang pada konsentrasi 4%, 6% dan 8%.Kata kunci: Daun Pangium edule Reinw. ex Blume, Antibakteri, Metode difusi disk
38
Shakya, Pooja, Dhiraj Shrestha, Elina Maharjan, Vijay K. Sharma, and Rabin Paudyal. "ESBL Production Among E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Causing Urinary Tract Infection: A Hospital Based Study." Open Microbiology Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801711010023.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction:Increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) producing microbes in recent years has led to limitations of treatment options. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of ESBL producingE. coliandKlebsiellaspp. at a tertiary hospital in Nepal.Methods:A total of 2209 non-repetitive mid-stream urine (MSU) samples were collected during the study period (March to September 2014). Identification of the isolates was done by Gram's staining followed by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpretation was done following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, 2013. ESBL screening amongE. coliandKlebsiellaspp. isolates were done using ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefpodoxime. The confirmation was done by phenotypic disc diffusion test (combined disc method) using ceftazidime (30µg) and ceftazidime plus clavulanic acid (30/10µg), and cefotaxime (30µg) and cefotaxime plus clavulanic acid (30/10µg) disc as per CLSI guidelines.Results:A total of 451 samples showed significant bacteriuria with 365 (80.9%)E. coli, 17 (3.8%)Klebsiella pneumoniaeand 3 (0.7%)Klebsiella oxytoca. Of 451 isolates, 236 (52.3%) were found MDR strains. By combined disk test, 33 (91.7%)E. coliand 3 (8.3%)Klebsiellaspp. were found ESBL producers.Conclusion:Higher prevalence of ESBL producingE. coliandKlebsiellaspp. was observed warranting prompt need of surveillance for effective management of such MDR strains.
39
Tania, Noor E. Jannat, SM Shamsuzzaman, Aminul Islam, Khadijatul Kubra, and Md Maminur Rahman. "Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of mecA gene in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus with Detection of Homologous Sequences isolated from Hospital Acquired Infection Patients admitted at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka City of Bangl." Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 11, no. 2 (2025): 146–51. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjid.v11i2.79162.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major concern for public health. Compared to infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), MRSA causes severe infections with increased morbidity and mortality and also places a large economic pressure on our health care sector. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA in different clinical samples isolated from admitted patients in a tertiary care hospital, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at the Microbiology Laboratory of Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2019 for a period of one year. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from pus, wound swab and blood samples by culture, microscopy and different biochemical tests. MRSA were isolated by oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method using Kirby-Bauer technique and MIC of oxacillin by agar dilutional method. PCR and sequencing of mecA gene was done. Results: Out of 208 samples 42.2% MRSA and 57.78% MSSA were detected. Sensitivity and specificity of oxacillin disc diffusion method were 100% and 96.15%, respectively and for cefoxitin disc diffusion method both were 100% in comparison with MIC of oxacillin. All the 19 MRSA strains were positive for mecA gene. Conclusion: In conclusion there is a high prevalence of MRSA. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, December 2024;11(2):146-151
40
Chaudhary, Raina, Khagendra Sijapati, and Sunil Kumar Singh. "A study on Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella among the patients attending Shree Birendra Hospital." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 10, no. 2 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6453.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Enteric fever is the commonest public health problem in developing countries like Nepal. Multi Drug Resistant Salmonella isolates are in vitro susceptible to Quinolone but exhibited a higher Minimum Inhibitory Concentration in vivo. Such phenomenon can be demonstrated by simple disc diffusion test of Nalidixic Acid which shows resistance. This study is conducted to determine prevalence of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella with their anti biotic sensitivity pattern at Shree Birendra Hospital, Chauni, kathmandu. Method: Of total 3945 blood samples from the patients suspected to have enteric fever were collected during the period of January 2011 to August 2011. Then it was mixed with Brain Heart Infusion , further processed according to standard methodology and their anti microbial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: From 3945 samples, 280 (7.09%) showed positi ve growth, 114 (40.7%) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi and 166 (59.2%) Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A. a total of 221 (78.92%) were Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella, all these strains were sensitive to Ciprofloxcin and Ofloxacin in disc diffusion test. Conclusion: Study showed a higher frequency of Nalidixic Acid Resistant Salmonella among the patients. screening of Nalidixic Acid disc diffusion test must be done as routine work for determination of low level resistance of Quinolone so as to decide the drug for the treatment of enteric fever. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i2.6453 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital July-Dec 2011 10(2) 1-3
41
Toding, Serly D. S., Herny E. I. Simbala, and Deby A. Mpila. "UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KACAPIRING (Gardenia augusta) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli DAN Salmonella thypi." PHARMACON 9, no. 2 (2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.9.2020.29281.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT One of the potential medicinal plants as traditional medicine is gardenia plant (Gardenia augusta). Gardenia leaf extract contains alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids, which are known to have antibacterial abilities..The aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of gardenia leaf extract on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi. The examination on the inhibitory power using the Kirby-Bauer method. The Kirby-Bauer method is referring to the diffusion method using paper disc with five treatments, namely the extract of gardenia leaves with a substance concentration of 20%, 40%, and 60% as well positive control (Ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aquades). Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that gardenia leaf extract can inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella thypi at a concentration of 20%, 40% and 60% and classified as strong and medium category. Keywords : Gardenia augusta, antibacterial, of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypiABSTRAK Salah satu tanaman obat dengan potensi sebagai obat tradisional adalah tanaman kacapiring (Garddenia augusta). Daun kacapiring mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin dan triterpenoid, yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri sehingga digunakan dalam penelitian ini.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kacapiring terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella thypi. Pengujian daya hambat menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer, yaitu metode difusi dengan cakram kertas dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu ekstrak daun kacapiring dengan konsentrasi 20%, 40%, dan 60% serta kontrol positif (ciprofloxacin) dan kontrol negatif (akuades). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun kacapiring dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella thypi pada konsentrasi 20%, 40% dan 60% dan tergolong dalam kategori kuat dan sedang. Kata Kunci : Kacapiring, Antibakteri, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella thypi
42
Mohammed, Suhad Hadi, Mohammed Neama Hmood, and Areej Abbas Abd. "Screening of nasal carriage for Staphylococcus aureus and their resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin among medical students in Karbala University." Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2015): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v1i1.56.
Full textAbstract:
Objective Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a problem within healthcare organizationsand in the community. The aim of the study was to screen S. aureus carriage and their susceptibility to cefoxitin and oxacillin amongmedical students.Methods A total of 100 nasal swabs were collected. Isolation and identification of the isolate as S. aureus was done using Gram stain,coagulase test and catalase test. S. aureus isolates were confirmed as MRSA using cefoxitin (30 μg) disc and oxacillin (30 μg) disc by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. From 100 nasal swabs, 76 were coagulase negative Staphylococci and 20 werecoagulase positive Staphylococci.Results From 100 nasal swabs, 76 were coagulase negative Staphylococci and 20 were coagulase positive Staphylococci. From these, 60%and 40% were oxacillin- and cefoxitin-resistant isolates, respectively. The data obtained from this study revealed that there were carriers ofMRSA among the medical students.
43
Hamdani, Muhammad Jen, Natsir Djide, and Mansyur Arif. "Incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing Metallo Beta-Lactamase (MBL) at RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar." Sasambo Journal of Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (2022): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/sjp.v3i1.111.
Full textAbstract:
Bacterial resistance to antibiotic is one of the factors triggering infection therapy failure. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the phenotype of carbapenem-resistant Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates at RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar. This study included Klebsiella pneumoniae identification on each infectious patient’s isolates. The sensitivity test of antibiotics, phenotype confirmatory test, and MBL phenotypic test were conducted using agar diffusion Kirby-Bauer, Vitek-2-Compact, and Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method, respectively. As the result, the antibiotic sensitivity test using the Vitek-2-Compact method on 50 clinical samples (pus, sputum, blood. tissue, urine, brain fluid, and feces) found that 10 isolates (20%) were resistant to carbapenem. The phenotypic test using the Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) method found that carbapenem-resistant isolates caused by the production of Metallo Beta Lactamase (MBL) enzymes were 2 isolates or 20% of the total carbapenem-resistant isolates.
44
S, Dr Pratibha, and Dr Praveen Kumar. "Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pus samples in an Orthopaedic tertiary care centre." Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 1 (2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2021.i01.08.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Clindamycin is a commonly used antibiotic to treat skin and soft tissue infectionscaused by Staphylococcus aureus particularly Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infection. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycinresistance due to genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect suchresistance by a simple D - test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods: 165 isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including Oxacillin(1μg) and Cefoxitin (30μg) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible clindamycin resistancewas detected by D test as per CLSI guidelines on erythromycin resistant isolates. Results: 24(14.5%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 8 (4.84%) showed constitutive resistancewhile the remaining 59 (35.75%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible clindamycin resistance and MSphenotype were found higher in MRSA (21.42%, 40.47%) as compared to MSSA (7.40%, 30.86%).Conclusion: This study showed that the D test should be used as a mandatory method in routinedisc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance.
45
Rahul, Katkar, Upadhyay Prem Shanke, and G. Nath. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF INGREDIENTS OF HARITAKYADI YOGA IN URINARY TRACT INFECTION." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 13, no. 2 (2022): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.130232.
Full textAbstract:
Haritakyadi Yoga is used to treat Urinary tract infections, as mentioned in the Ayurvedic literature. In the present study, Haritakyadi Yoga formulation has been screened for antibacterial activity against selected bacterial species. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was performed by the broth dilution method. The Kirby-Bauer agar disc diffusion method studied the zone of inhibition at 2 and 4 mg/ml concentrations in DMSO solution. Nitrofurantoin drugs (5 µg/ml) were used as a reference control for the antibacterial study. The zone of inhibition study revealed concentration dependant nature of the extract with better effectiveness against gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria. The Haritakyadi Yoga formulation and individual components exhibited antibacterial activity against different bacterial strains responsible for Urinary tract infection.
46
Sartika Gunawan Putri and Sutriani Kaliu. "Antibacterial Activity of Cocoa Leaf Extract Theobroma cacao L. Against Acne-Causing Bacteria Cutibacterium Acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis." BIOEDUSCIENCE 6, no. 3 (2022): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jbes/6310267.
Full textAbstract:
Cocoa plantation waste (Theobroma cacao L.), cocoa leaves are increasingly abundant, with efforts to increase cocoa production by trimming the shape. The Ladongi sub-district in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi, which produces the most cocoa beans, is also not spared from this. Cocoa leaves have not been used optimally, even though their phytochemical components have the potential as antibacterial. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of cocoa leaf extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against acne-causing Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The method used is the disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The results showed that cocoa leaf extract had the potential as an antibacterial against acne-causing bacteria, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis with respectively the best inhibitory concentration of 25%, 19mm, and 22mm.
47
V B, Sumithranand, Roxy M S, and Vaishnavi G. "Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Sweet Orange Peels as a Mediating Agent and their Antibacterial Properties." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 2 (2024): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400221.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents the environmentally friendly synthesis of Citrus sinensis bio-mediated Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The characterization techniques, including XRD, UV Visible spectroscopy, and FTIR, provide insight into the structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The determined average crystalline size using the Debey Scherrer equation is 15.57 nm, highlighting the nanoscale nature of the particles. The band gap energy of the sample was measured as 3.26 eV through UV-Visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was assessed against Salmonella typhimurium, Staph. Aureus, S. faecalis, and E. Coli, using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The findings suggest the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents.
48
A. Eshra, Kareman, Rowida R. Ibrahim, Radwa M. El-Sharaby, Asmaa F. Amer та Radwa A. Eissa. "Phenotypic Methods and Molecular Metallo-β-lactamases Genes Detection in Different Clinical Carbapenems Resistant Acinetobacters Isolates from Tanta University Hospitals". Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology 30, № 3 (2021): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51429/ejmm30312.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Acinetobacter species are very common in hospital acquired infections; Carbapenems resistant species become common in hospital and represent a major health problem. Methodology: Our study was carried on 150 patients from ICU; we compared different phenotypic methods and PCR for detection of carbapenems resistance in Acinetobacters. Results: 88.9% of resistant Acinetobacters were detected by Kirby Bauer Disk diffusion method, 54.2% by Modified Hodge test, 70.8 % by EDTA disc synergy, 85.4% by Amp C disk test, 33.3% by PCR bla-IMP and 12.5% by PCR blaVIM. Conclusion: We recommended for detection of carbapenems resistance in Acinetobacters the phenotypic methods as they are rapid, accurate methods and less costly than PCR. Note: bla-IMP gene (NCBI GenBank Nucleotide accession # LC103138.1); bla-VIM gene (NCBI GenBank Nucleotide accession # MT185944.1 GenBank accession number S71932
49
V., Praveen Kumar, Sowjanya G., Archana A.R.K., and Swetha G. "Detection of Colistin Resistance Among Multi-Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Isolates Isolated from Clinical Specimens of ICU Patients." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 5 (2023): 619–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12573993.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Hospital‑associated infections caused by multidrug‑resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria (GNB), especially <em>Klebsiella</em> <em>pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, </em>and <em>Pseudomonas</em> <em>aeruginosa</em>, represent a growing problem worldwide Colistin is considered to be one of the last resort antibiotic of multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacilli (GNB). The increase in colistin usage has resulted in the emergence of colistin resistance in GNB.<strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>The study included clinical specimens received from intensive Care Units (ICUs), of Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from June 2021 to August 2022 in the Department of Microbiology. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of colistin-resistance (CLR) in MDR isolates collected from different intensive care units (ICUs). The Gram-negative isolates showing colistin resistance by Kirby- Bauer’s disc diffusion method was included and further subjected to broth microdilution method for confirmation of colistin resistance.<strong>Results: </strong>A total of 336 (8.02%) Gram negative bacilli isolated from intensive care units. K. pneumoniae 136 (40.47%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Escherichia coli (33.33%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23.51%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2.67%). 58(17.26%) of the 336 isolates, were found to be resistant to colistin by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion, which were subjected to broth-microdilution method, for confirmation of colistin resistance, following which only 11 (18.96%) isolates showed colistin resistance. The predominant resistant isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate followed by P.aeruginosa, A.baumannii and E.coli. The Colistin resistant Gram-negative isolates showed high sensitivity to Tigecycline and meropenem. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is recommended to reduce the colistin usage as it has been considered a last resort drug. Microbiologist, consultant and hospital infection control committee should work together to prevent further rise of resistance. In our study Tigecycline is found sensitive against colistin resistant Gram-negative bacilli.
50
Ramadhani Tanjung, Vivi, Dewi Rahmawati, and Alhara Yuwanda. "Formulasi Hand Sanitizer Gel dengan Ekstrak Buah Terung Belanda (Solanum Betaceum Cav) Sebagai Antiseptik." COMSERVA Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development 2, no. 12 (2023): 2904–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v2i12.719.
Full textAbstract:
Dutch eggplant fruit (Solanum Betaceum Cav) has chemical contents including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids which are known to have antibacterial activities (Rahmadina and Sudiono 2019). Based on the compounds that are owned Dutch eggplant fruit can be used as a hand antiseptic. This study aims to formulate Dutch eggplant fruit extract (Solanum betaceum Cav) in the form of hand sanitizer preparations. Gel Hand sanitizer extract Dutch eggplant fruit is formulated with different concentrations. The method used is the Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby Bauer Method). Gel Hand sanitizer is tested for its physical properties, including Organoleptis test, homogeneity test, PH test, stability test, irritation test and antibacterial test. Hand sanitizer gel preparations that have antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus bacteria are at a concentration of 15%, which is 4.51 mm.