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1
Gheuens, Jana. "Landscape and Identity in Kiribati." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323811.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, I will look into the relationship between landscape and identity on the island nation of Kiribati, a low lying island nation in the Micronesian region of the Pacific that is currently under threat by climate change. Based on qualitative research from several islands in Kiribati (semi-structured interviews and observations), I explore how landscape and landscape changes, identity, and present and future challenges are perceived by Kiribati residents. Landscape is more than just physical surroundings, encompassing qualities of heritage, memory, skills, knowledge and learning, and there is a strong link between landscape and identity for Kiribati islanders. Respondents stressed the importance of community and the ‘simple life’ as important qualities of life in Kiribati. People still come together frequently in their communities where they discuss issues such as building a new house for someone. Communities have as main purpose helping each other and are based on strong bonds of love and friendship. Respondents defined the simple life as a life without violence, without having to worry about money, without any major natural disasters (apart from climate change), and a life in which people are open and friendly to everyone. When it comes to present and future challenges, most respondents were worried about issues related to environmental changes such as changes in fresh water resources and coastal erosion. Although many respondents felt the effect of these environmental changes and people have become more aware of the link between those and global warming, many residents remained sceptical towards climate change, simply because believing it would make it real. A future challenge respondents were worried about is the risk of having to resettle in the future. They are afraid that this will affect their community, their Kiribati identity, and that it would mean the loss of the simple life. For example, the idea exists that in other countries people will not smile on you on the street and that the only family you will have is your core family. Many people also never had to find a job and this is something that scares them as well. I conclude that landscape is a part of every aspect of life in Kiribati. Therefore it is strongly connected to the sense of identity of Kiribati islanders and many fear what will happen in the case of a radical landscape change.
2
Camus, Guigone. "L' éternel retour au mythe : un cas d'écriture du savoir, Tabiteuea, Kiribati." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0696.
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La thèse prend comme objet de réflexion un texte en langue gilbertaise, recueilli en 1948 par l’ethnologue américaine Katharine Luomala (1907-1992) à Tabiteuea, un atoll localisé dans le sud des îles Gilbert – aujourd’hui membres de la République de Kiribati. Couchée sur le papier par Kambati Roteman, informateur de Luomala, originaire du village de Tekaman à Tabiteuea Nord, cette œuvre fait partie d’un corpus de textes et de données ethnographiques conservé aux Bernice P. Bishop Museum Library and Archives d’Honolulu (Hawai’i). Après avoir fait l’objet de plusieurs étapes de traduction, dont la dernière se vit confirmée en 2015 par une collaboration avec Tiam Unimawa, un informateur privilégié, il est analysé tant comme objet littéraire que comme réservoir de sens, déployé en plusieurs volets lus à l’aune d’une combinaison de matériaux ethnographiques (archives Luomala, archives Latouche, données contemporaines issues de deux missions conduites à Tabiteuea en 2011 et 2015)This PhD approaches a narrative written in Gilbertese in 1948 and collected in the field by Katharine Luomala (1907-1992), in Tabiteuea, Southern Gilbert Islands (now part of the republic of Kiribati). Written for the anthropologist by one of her informants named Kambati Roteman, inhabitant of Tekaman village in Tabiteuea North, this narrative belongs to a collection of manuscripts and ethnographic data preserved in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum and Library archives, in Honolulu. After several translation stages, the last of which confirled by a recent collaboration in the field (2015) with an informant, Tiam Unimawa, the text as a literary material conveying various meanings, is analyzed in the light of a combination of ethnographic materials such as Luomala and Latouche archives along with contemporary data collected in Tabiteuea, in 2011 and 2015
3
Cauchi, John Paul. "Climate change, food security and health in Kiribati; investigating community resilience and opportunities for adaptation in Kiribati." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/214100/1/John%20Paul_Cauchi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the interactions between climate change, food security and public health outcomes in Kiribati. Food security is known to be a strong determinant of health outcomes. This study found Kiribati to be overly reliant on imported food of low nutritious quality, with strong negative public health outcomes such as increasing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. Identified environmental problems are worsening with climate change; these affect and imperil domestic food production. This study also identifies the strengths of Kiribati communities, providing recommendations on improving food security and climate resilience based on suggestions of islanders and scientific evidence.
4
Borovnik, Maria. "Seafarers in Kiribati - Consequences of International labour circulation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4510.
Full textAbstract:
Research on seafarers has not been a common theme in migration discourse. Yet,
seafarers are a unique occupational group, and an increasing number are recruited
from developing countries, such as Kiribati. The majority being men, they are
recruited by international agencies for contract work on board ships of different kinds,
registered under so called "foreign flags", and travel globally. Seafarers from Kiribati
circulate between home islands and spaces that are denationalised and often occupied
by different nationalities. Research on seafarers can therefore be placed at the
peripheries of discussions on transnational research.
The argument in my thesis is that socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors
in Kiribati are closely linked to each other. The strong sense of being I-Kiribati
(descending from Kiribati) and the cultural meanings of te aomata (being a real
person), as being linked to a genealogy, being land to strangers, hard working,
resilient and being able to face hardship, influence the likelihood of employment with
German and Japanese agencies. The cultural background, together with the physical
strength of I-Kiribati men, makes them globally competitive when an excellent
standard of education is provided.
The Marine and Fishery Training Centres are internationally recognised and are the
largest maritime Training Centres in the Pacific. However, seafarers cannot build a
transnational network, as they are temporarily migrating out of their cultural
framework and their extended family system, moving transversally across maritime
areas in the world. This thesis explores how the special form of mobility and the
evolving, yet incomplete, articulation of transnationalism affects the social, economic
and personal life of seafarers and families remaining in Kiribati. It also investigates
the changes of identities that develop through a repetitive change of cultural
backgrounds.
Research, including six months of fieldwork on different islands in Kiribati, was
aimed at understanding the consequences of the temporary absence and presence of
seafarers for extended families and their communities; how the employment effects
the health and wellbeing of seafarers and their family members; and the impact of
remittances on families, communities and the environment in Kiribati. It was also
aimed at illuminating whether and where the employment has influenced some of the
cultural elements in which I-Kiribati seafarers are embedded.
5
Brewis, Alexandra Avril. "Age and infertility: An ethnodemographic study from Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185797.
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This biocultural study examines patterns of infertility, or failure to produce live births, by female age cohorts in the Micronesian population of Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati. Anthropological and demographic methods employed included analysis of census survey, reproductive history collection, structured and semi-structured interviews, participant observation, ethnohistorical research, vital registrations, and clinic records. Primary infertility levels are found to be extremely low in this population. This is argued to be a consequence of low risk of exposure to fertility-inhibiting disease, typically extended exposures to coital activity, and a culturally-influenced resistance to birth-limiting behavior before at least one child is born. There is little reduction in fertility, and therefore in biological capacity for conception, before women reach the end of their thirties. This pattern of high fertility is maintained because of socio-culturally defined patterns of sexual behavior within marriage which tend to maintain coital activity despite increasing marriage durations, and therefore with increasing age. In the study's conclusion infertility patterns by age for this population are discussed in relation to issues of the role of physiological aging and infertility increases in human populations. It is concluded that studies of infertility by age need to be considered as culturally-grounded and population-specific, particularly in reference to patterns observed at the population level in female age groups under forty.
6
Gilkes, Brian Eric, and pharoseditions@bigpond com. "The lion and the frigate bird: visual encounters in Kiribati." RMIT University. Media and Communication, 2010. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20100304.105048.
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In order to explain some of the paradoxes and mysteries of the artist's cross cultural experience in Kiribati, he constructed an Artist's Book depicting through visuality, anecdote and reflection, his research process, engaging with current visual perceptions through negotiation with the past. In Kiribati previous encounters with Europeans and Islanders was dominated by English and I Kiribati with significant contributions by French missionaries. Each viewed the other through cultural filters of identity, which were informed by concepts of myth-historical, often heroic pasts, modified by contemporary purpose such as power, trade, evangelism or personal gain. The method of transmission of beliefs about the past differed fundamentally as the Europeans were predominately informed by writing and the I-Kiribati by orality and performance. The non-literary epistemology of the I Kiribati contributed to a cosmology of non-iconic symbols that defined belief systems and social structures. These symbols connected place and space with time, self and group identities. The research found that the all surrounding visual symbol system of sacred meeting house (maneaba), dwelling (bata) and canoe (waa and baurua)) could be partly understood as an ongoing struggle since Deep Time, between the forces of the Ocea n represented by Bakoa, The Shark, and that of the triumph of the coming onto the Land and its people (aba) represented by Tabakea, The Turtle. The performative outcome of this triumph and the spirit of identity (Te Katai ni Kiribati) it engenders is expressed primarily in the ubiquitous I Kiribati Dance. The Artists Book is inspired by the creative classic I Kiribati form of oratory known as Te Kuna, using a structure analogous to the symbolic forms of narrative of Oceanic Voyaging traditionally employed by the I Kiribati. Differences in visual perceptions across cultural interface are understood not only as having the potential for conflict but also as providing positive dynamic force by the interchange of understood differences. The project contributes specifically to the ethnography of English and I Kiribati, semiotic systems and visual epistemologies, indicating directions towards positive outcomes in cross-cultural encounters.
7
Haughton, Pippa. "Women’s climate change advocacy in Kiribati: vulnerability, agency and storytelling." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22287.
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Climate change has hit the Pacific Island nation of Kiribati hard over the past decade, with unreliable weather patterns, drought, flooding and king tides all affecting the homes, health and livelihoods of residents. As the effects of climate change increase, women are rising up as advocates, fighting for action on mitigation and adaptation strategies locally and internationally. Through in-depth interviews with five I-Kiribati women, this study explores the strategies and impacts of their climate change advocacy. It addresses the questions: ‘How are I-Kiribati women advocating for climate action?’, and ‘What impact do the I-Kiribati women mobilized for climate action hope their voices and stories will have locally and transnationally?’.The qualitative study draws on feminist theory and discourses on vulnerability and women in development, with a view to breaking away from the rhetoric of women as ‘victims’ and focusing on women’s agency in climate change advocacy. It explores the nuances of gender and climate change in Kiribati and the effects of shifting gender roles in local communities. Findings highlight the role of narratives and storytelling in Kiribati and internationally to translate science-based arguments into easily understandable messages for the public.
8
Duong, Sandra. "Rising Islands : Enhancing adaptive capacities in Kiribati through Migration with Dignity." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118689.
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The main body of research within climate-change induced migration has focused on displacement migration. The "sinking islands" reference is often used to describe island states being in the forefront of climate change impacts, and their inhabitants at risk of becoming the first climate change refugees in history. The aim of this thesis is to understand what circumstances are needed for Kiribati’s ‘Migration with Dignity’ concept to enhance the adaptive capacity of livelihoods. By using the Sustainable Livelihood Approach this thesis examines what impacts climate change has on different aspects of livelihoods in Kiribati. This study uses a case study approach. Data has been collected through 14 semi-structured interviews during an eight weeks long minor field study on the capital atoll South Tarawa. While Kiribati faces many development challenges, being a least developed country with a rent-based economy, climate change puts additional strains on the country’s capacities to cope with the increasing monetization and urbanisation, and abilities to satisfy the growing population’s aspirations. The empirical evidence shows a need among the population to find education and skilled wage employment. Harmonisation between migration, development and adaptation policies can increase livelihoods’ economic conditions and abilities to cope with climate change-related stresses, especially for future generations.
9
Redfern, Farran Mack. "Heavy Metal Contamination from Landfills in Coastal Marine Sediments: Kiribati and New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2323.
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Landfill leachates are a concern in the Pacific Region where they may contribute contaminants to the coastal marine environment. Poor waste management and pollution of coastal waters are amongst the major environmental problems in Kiribati, particularly in South Tarawa. An investigation of areas adjacent to coastal landfill sites; Betio, Kiribati and Auckland, New Zealand was undertaken. The Kiribati case study investigated metal contamination in marine sediments at an operational landfill while the New Zealand study was adjacent to a coastal landfill decommissioned in the 1970s. Surficial sediments (top 15 cm) were collected along transects. At both the New Zealand and Kiribati sites, 3 transects adjacent to the landfill and 1 control transect were sampled. The sediments were analyzed for particle size distribution, organic matter content, and Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni and Zn concentrations. The pH was also measured. The Kiribati study site had a groundwater pH of 7.14 - 8.85, and sediment materials were dominated by sand with a low organic matter content (1.60 - 2.21 %). At the Kiribati sites Cd, As, and Ni were below the detection limits. The Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were lower at the Kiribati control transect than the landfill transects. Cr level decreased away from the landfill indicating the landfill as a possible source. However, Cu and Zn did not show any distribution pattern suggesting other potential sources (port and shipwrecks) may have contributed to the elevated levels. At the Kiribati landfill and control transects the Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn concentration were below the Effects Range-Low (ERL) and the threshold Effects levels (TEL) of the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQCs) of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, indicating no potential adverse ecological effects on the biota. At the Kiribati control site the Cr, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn concentrations were within the background ranges published for clean reef sediment but the concentration at the landfill transects exceeded the background ranges. The concentration of mercury at both the control and landfill transects in Kiribati exceeded the Effects Range-Median (ERM) and the Probable Effects Level (PEL) of the SQGs indicating potential adverse ecological effects on the local benthic communities. The New Zealand study site sediments had a pH of 6.22 - 7.24, and comprised up to 90 % clay/silt, with an organic matter content of 5 - 22 %. At the New Zealand landfill transects Arsenic concentrations decreased away from the landfill indicating the landfill as a possible source. Other metals such as Cr did not show a pattern of distribution along the transects, or with depth, suggesting that the landfill was not the only source of these metals. There was a weak correlation between organic matter content, particle size distribution, and metal enrichment. At the New Zealand site, there were no marked differences in metal concentrations between the landfill and control transects suggesting the landfill was not the only source of metals and that the wider urban or industrial run-off may have contributed. All the metal concentrations, except Hg and Zn, exceeded the ERL and the TEL values indicating the potential for adverse ecological effects of metals on the benthic communities. At the New Zealand site the Hg and Zn concentrations exceeded both the ERM and PEL of the SQGs and are considered highly contaminated.
10
Tarakia, Tiante T. "Feasibility study of a hybrid energy system for sustainable energy production in Kiribati." Thesis, Tarakia, Tiante T. (2009) Feasibility study of a hybrid energy system for sustainable energy production in Kiribati. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1717/.
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This thesis presents a comprehensive energy resource assessment for Kiribati. The energy resources assessed are solar, wind and copra with CNO biofuel as a diesel substitute. The main aim is to assess the feasibility and economic viability of these energy resources as energy sources for a Hybrid Energy System (HES) that can provide a sustainable energy source for rural communities on outer islands in Kiribati. Arorae Island, is chosen as a case study to assess these resources, including the feasibility of local CNO production. In particular, the load is estimated and analysed for Arorae Island Council, for which a HES design is developed and assessed. The load pattern and design for this rural institution are assumed to be typical of the other island council institutions, though this thesis suggests that it is always vital to assess the load for particular users. Current CNO production on South Tarawa is also examined with consideration on its opportunity to replace diesel fuel. Interestingly, the findings reveal that it is economically viable to produce CNO on Arorae Island to meet the demand of CNO biofuel. This could possibly be the case for the other islands. The use of CNO as a diesel substitute is practical particularly in an indirect injection diesel engine for outer islands applications; these opportunities thus render CNO an attractive advantage as an alternative source of energy for the islands. A particular distinct aspect of this thesis is its findings in resolving certain technical issues related to CNO use in a diesel engine. The issue of deposits formation in particular is well discussed with the causes being resolved. The study also confirms the excellent solar resource of the island, as well as a potential wind resource of the island, especially for a HES use. In the HOMER design analysis, the viability of the HES using the RE sources are less attractive due to their very high initial costs and NPC. However, they are very cost-effective in terms of low operation costs and in substantial fuel savings. Some optimal systems can operate without a diesel genset which is highly economical on outer islands. Despite their high costs, there is still opportunities to reduce the load estimate and so the high capital costs of the RE systems. In addition, this thesis argues that HESs are viable provided there are external funding sources or subsidies available to meet the initial costs. Other important findings reveal that copra production for export is not viable, and CNO export is promising on a scale of economy given CNO favourable world price. The finding suggests that the country must invest now in CNO production both for export, as well as for biofuel use in order to fully realise the long-term economic benefits from the coconut resources. At current CNO production capacity by the KCMC, the country can replace at least 30 % of diesel fuel imports. This clearly implies that a large scale investment in CNO biofuel can displace considerable amount of diesel fuel. The current fuel shortages on the islands which correlate with inadequate fuel supply reserves, is bound to persist in the next decades or so given the economic vulnerability of the country to soaring world prices of petroleum fuels. Unless it is serious in seeking and developing its alternative sources of energy, over a long term, the country will continue to experience major economic setbacks, one of which is duly being the impact of world fuel prices. Overall, this thesis is novel and unique in many aspects of its assessment, and presents a comprehensive assessment on solar, wind and copra/CNO energy resources. One crucial part, is the feasibility of CNO production on outer islands and its use in a HES which is fully assessed for the first time.
11
Yeeting, Agnes David. "An economic analysis of the domestication of the tuna fishery - the case of Kiribati." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1493.
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The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is home to the largest tuna fishery stock in the world. However, Pacific Island members of the Western and Central Pacific Tuna Commission (WCPTC) argue that their share of the economic rent from the tuna catches taken out of the Pacific region is very small, being on average only about 6% of the total net benefit, when compared to the share earned by Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs). Kiribati is one of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), which relies heavily on its fishery for its economic development and sustainability. Kiribati earns 40% - 50 % of its government revenue from fisheries access fees paid by DWFNs for tuna caught in the the Kiribati EEZ. The Government of Kiribati (GoK) believes that Kiribati could get greater benefit if they develop their own domestic tuna fishery. This study uses Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and SWOT Analysis to investigate whether domestication of the tuna fishery is the right move for Kiribati or not. The CBA reported in this thesis adapted a model developed by Campbell (2004) to investigate and evaluate fisheries policy in Papua New Guinea (PNG). However the model in this thesis is reflective of the situation and case of Kiribati. In analyzing the different options identified in this study, the CBA indicated negative (-) NPV(s) for the medium-sized vessel option and positive (+) NPV(s) for the large-sized vessel option. The SWOT analysis however, complemented the CBA by further investigating the tuna domestication options in the economic, social and business and business environment of Kiribati. The SWOT analysis indicated that the existing situation and business conditions in Kiribati appears to favor the small to medium sized vessel options which are less risky than the large purse seine vessel option.
12
Webber, Sophie. "Adapting Kiribati, adapting projects : what happens when the World Bank does climate change adaptation?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37010.
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In this thesis I analyse the effects of the Kiribati Adaptation Project (KAP). The KAP is an early climate change adaptation project and it has been instrumental in the World Bank’s (the implementer of the KAP) expansion into the climate change agenda. I situate the KAP in the long, colonial, history of developmentalism and draw from critical development and policy studies to understand this project. Although climate change adaptation and development are contradictory in many senses, they have similarities: they are practiced by the same institutions, with the same project management techniques, and they are implemented through projects. I ask the following research questions:
1. What work does climate change adaptation do as an organising principle for a project?
2. How is climate change adaptation as a policy articulated into grounded practices?
3. What are the unintended effects of a novel climate change adaptation project in an archetypical vulnerable place?
To answer these research questions I draw from six weeks field work in Kiribati, where I met with KAP project managers and consultants, government officials and other interested onlookers. In chapter three, I observe that the KAP was focused on producing technical reports and technical expertise. I analyse why this is the case and what some of the effects of this are. By participating in the KAP, consultants, funders and other i-Matang relatives of the project gain expertise in the novel, and increasingly lucrative, arena of climate change adaptation. In chapter four, I analyse the ways in which i-Kiribati actors assemble and perform their vulnerability to climate change. Performances are an intentional strategy to gain recognition for the plight of the low-lying and fragile atoll nation. Officials and public servants have little choice but to perform their vulnerability; the Government of Kiribati depends on these finances, but this dependence is uncertain.
The KAP is a key site, as it exemplifies the asymmetries of climate change adaptation and mitigation. The KAP expects to create local resilience in the face of an exogenous threat, in the place least able to be resilient, and least responsible for causing the threat.
13
Krüger, Coerw. "Transformation zur Demokratie in der pazifischen Inselwelt : eine Vergleichsstudie des politischen Systemwechsels in Kiribati, Papua-Neuguinea und Samoa /." Marburg : Tectum-Verl, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2623221&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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East, Andrew John. "A future in the past : urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati, a Pacific case study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/19333/2/Andrew_East_Citation.pdf.
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In the last 50 years, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have experienced unprecedented levels of urban development. During this time, the general failure of traditional industrialised planning models to be successfully adapted in PICs has resulted in the need to explore alternative models for urban settlement in the Pacific. In this way, the incorporation of tree based agricultural systems (agroforestry) into urban settlements has considerable potential to address many of the problems associated with rapid urbanisation such as food security, waste management, environmental degradation and unemployment. Research in the Pacific has already shown how urban agroforestry systems can improve food security, increase access to nutritional foods, recycle organic waste, create employment and protect fragile ecological systems. However, in Pacific towns and cities urban agroforestry systems are rarely developed beyond a homegarden setting. The growth of urban centres in the Republic of Kiribati is an example of the challenges confronting many rapidly urbanising PICs. With infertile soils, severely restricted land and water resources and an emerging economy, Kiribati is a developing nation where sustainable development faces some of its greatest challenges. Due to rapidly expanding urban populations, the Kiribati Government is currently investigating the development of future planned urban settlements. In such a scenario, potential exists to extend urban agroforestry systems beyond a homegarden setting and explore alternative models for sustainable urbanisation in the Pacific. This research uses a mixed methods case study approach to investigate the potential role of food producing urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati. More specifically, qualitative procedures are used to explore issues surrounding the promotion and development of urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements while quantitative procedures are used to analyse the nutritional contribution of these systems. Findings from this study show that although urban agroforestry is a highly sustainable land use it faces two main challenges in Kiribati: (i) people’s perception that urban agroforestry systems are a relatively low value land use and (ii) the general inability of the Kiribati Government to effectively regulate urban land uses. However, in the event that urban agroforestry systems were deliberately included at a settlement wide scale beyond a homegarden setting, this study highlights the initial importance of equally allocating productive lands to individual households. Furthermore, the results emphasise the value of simple on-site composting technologies as components of the broader urban agroforestry system. Finally, the marginal nature of the atoll environment is evident in findings on the nutritional contribution of urban agroforestry species in future planned urban settlements. In summary, while considerable constraints must be overcome to ensure the long term viability of planned urban agroforestry systems at a whole of settlement scale, it is argued that such an approach is one of the most cost effective, culturally acceptable and environmentally responsible methods for addressing a range of urban issues in the Pacific and is therefore an essential component to the design of future planned urban settlements in Kiribati.
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East, Andrew John. "A future in the past : urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati, a Pacific case study." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/19333/.
Full textAbstract:
In the last 50 years, Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have experienced unprecedented levels of urban development. During this time, the general failure of traditional industrialised planning models to be successfully adapted in PICs has resulted in the need to explore alternative models for urban settlement in the Pacific. In this way, the incorporation of tree based agricultural systems (agroforestry) into urban settlements has considerable potential to address many of the problems associated with rapid urbanisation such as food security, waste management, environmental degradation and unemployment. Research in the Pacific has already shown how urban agroforestry systems can improve food security, increase access to nutritional foods, recycle organic waste, create employment and protect fragile ecological systems. However, in Pacific towns and cities urban agroforestry systems are rarely developed beyond a homegarden setting. The growth of urban centres in the Republic of Kiribati is an example of the challenges confronting many rapidly urbanising PICs. With infertile soils, severely restricted land and water resources and an emerging economy, Kiribati is a developing nation where sustainable development faces some of its greatest challenges. Due to rapidly expanding urban populations, the Kiribati Government is currently investigating the development of future planned urban settlements. In such a scenario, potential exists to extend urban agroforestry systems beyond a homegarden setting and explore alternative models for sustainable urbanisation in the Pacific. This research uses a mixed methods case study approach to investigate the potential role of food producing urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements in Kiribati. More specifically, qualitative procedures are used to explore issues surrounding the promotion and development of urban agroforestry systems in future planned urban settlements while quantitative procedures are used to analyse the nutritional contribution of these systems. Findings from this study show that although urban agroforestry is a highly sustainable land use it faces two main challenges in Kiribati: (i) people’s perception that urban agroforestry systems are a relatively low value land use and (ii) the general inability of the Kiribati Government to effectively regulate urban land uses. However, in the event that urban agroforestry systems were deliberately included at a settlement wide scale beyond a homegarden setting, this study highlights the initial importance of equally allocating productive lands to individual households. Furthermore, the results emphasise the value of simple on-site composting technologies as components of the broader urban agroforestry system. Finally, the marginal nature of the atoll environment is evident in findings on the nutritional contribution of urban agroforestry species in future planned urban settlements. In summary, while considerable constraints must be overcome to ensure the long term viability of planned urban agroforestry systems at a whole of settlement scale, it is argued that such an approach is one of the most cost effective, culturally acceptable and environmentally responsible methods for addressing a range of urban issues in the Pacific and is therefore an essential component to the design of future planned urban settlements in Kiribati.
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Tokantetaake, Ioeru. "Policing in the new millennium : a description and comparison of policing in Kiribati and Queensland, Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17688.pdf.
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Rose, Samantha Fay. "Waves for change : the role of the South Tarawa-based women's interests program in the decolonisation process of the Gilbert Islands." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66735/1/Samantha_Rose_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis has created a space for women in the history of the decolonisation of the Gilbert Islands. It traces the historical development of the national women's interests program in the Republic of Kiribati (formerly of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony (GEIC)) as it was implemented through a network of women's clubs during the 1960s and 1970s. This thesis has provided the first history and interpretation of the Indigenous women's interests movement as it impacted the Gilbert Islands. It offers a narrative of the movement in terms of three overlapping waves of women leaders, based on an analysis of fieldwork, archival research and interviews conducted on South Tarawa, Kiribati.
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Wallin, Pontus. "Vart bör Kiribati, Tuvalu och Marshallöarnas befolkningar ta vägen? : En normativ analys inom ämnet för klimatförändringarnas utmaningar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-39158.
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The effects of anthropogenic climate change are becoming more and more visible as being highlighted by scientists, politicians and media. The causes of droughts, floods, melting ice caps and rising sea levels can all partially be traced back to human activities. In this study, I examine where the future climate refugees of Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands should go when inhabitants of these low lying island nations are forced to leave their disappearing territories due to sea level rise. By using a normative method of analysis i egentlig mening, arguments deriving from certain values will be presented to confront the problem. These values originate from Edward A. Page’s theories concerning justice in sharing the burdens of climate change. Combined with a complementary utilitaristic value, the conclusion is that Australia is most suitable to host future climate refugees of these particular island nations, while the justice based values alone concludes the US as its preferred choice. In parallel, normative political theory will be evaluated regarding its functionality in the subject of global climate questions. Hence this study contains two purposes; to argue where the islanders should go, and whether a normative methodology is suitable when solving such a problem.
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Blomberg, Charlotte, and Sandra Blomvall. "A Comparison of the Ecological, Social and Economic Sustainability in Adaptation Strategies in The Maldives and Kiribati." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23848.
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Havsnivån stiger över hela världen på grund av termisk expansion och smältande glaciärer orsakade av den globala uppvärmningen. Maldiverna och Kiribati är några av de lägst liggande atolländerna i världen vilket gör dem särskilt utsatta för den förväntade havsnivåhöjningen. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka skillnader som finns i Maldivernas och Kiribatis klimatanpassningsstrategier vad gäller ekologisk, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av deras respektive National Adaptation Programme of Action- dokument (NAPA). NAPA identifierar och beskriver de mest angelägna anpassningsprojekten i varje land. Genom att identifiera huruvida anpassningsprojekten är hållbara kan mer effektiva strategier implementeras i framtiden. Resultatet visar att flera anpassningsprojekt har misslyckats med att integrera alla tre aspekter av hållbar utveckling, vilket kan ha bidragit till ett ohållbart genomförande av klimatanpassningsåtgärder, medan vissa projekt även visar att det är möjligt att framgångsrikt integrera alla aspekter av hållbar utveckling.Sea levels are rising around the globe due to thermal expansion and melting glaciers caused by global warming. The Maldives and Kiribati are some of the lowest lying atoll countries in the world, which makes them particularly vulnerable to the projected sea level rise. This thesis investigates what differences exist in the adaptation strategies for the Maldives and Kiribati, in terms of ecological, social and economic sustainability, through a qualitative content analysis of their respective National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) documents. The NAPAs identify and describe the most urgent adaptation projects in each country. By identifying whether the adaptation projects are sustainable, more effective strategies can be implemented in the future. The results show that several adaptation projects fail to incorporate all three aspects of sustainable development, which may have contributed to unsustainable implementation of climate change adaptation measures, whereas some projects also show that it is possible to successfully integrate all aspects of sustainable development.
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Vallot, Damien. "Le récit corallien : production, diffusion et cadrage des récits d'action publique de la disparition des Etats atolliens entre Tuvalu, Kiribati et la Nouvelle Zélande." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0465/document.
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Depuis la prise en compte croissante du changement climatique, denombreux commentateurs ont commencé à raconter une histoire : celle des petitsÉtats insulaires du Pacifique sud, entièrement constitués d’atolls, qui risquent dedisparaître en raison de l’élévation du niveau marin. Nous considérons que cettehistoire est un « récit d’action publique » destiné à attirer l’attention et à convaincreles décideurs politiques d’agir pour empêcher la réalisation du problème ou luitrouver une solution. Ces « récits de la disparition » présentent deux particularités :ils ne sont associés à aucune politique publique déjà mise en oeuvre et ils sontmobilisés par des acteurs variés issus des milieux politiques et de la société civile.À partir de la littérature sur l’analyse cognitive des politiques publiques et plusparticulièrement l’analyse des récits de politiques publiques, cette thèse se proposed’étudier la production, la diffusion et les cadrages de ces récits de la disparition àl’aide de méthodes mixtes associant une démarche qualitative d’enquête avec laréalisation d’une analyse statistique textuelleIn the last 40 years, climate change has been increasingly taken intoaccount. Various observers have started to tell a story: the story of small Pacific atollisland states that might disappear beneath the rising seas. The argument developedin this thesis is that this story is a "public action narative" which aims at drawingattention towards those states and at inciting policy makers to prevent the risk or tofind a solution. Those "sinking island States narratives" display two particularcharacteristics: they are not linked to an existing policy and they are used by variousactors from the political sphere and the civil society.Building on the policy narratives literature, this thesis aims at analysing theproduction, the dissemination and the framing of the sinking island states narratives.It is based on mixed methods and combines a qualitative framework and a statisticalanalysis of textual data
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Longépée, Esméralda. "La résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques des États atolliens dans le contexte du changement climatique : le cas de Kiribati (Pacifique Sud)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS007/document.
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La menace représentée par le changement climatique, et en particulier l’élévation du niveau de la mer, sur les pays entièrement composés d’atolls est largement médiatisée. La République de Kiribati est un pays atollien situé dans l’océan Pacifique, peuplé par 100 000 habitants. Au cours des derniers siècles, les communautés atolliennes de Kiribati ont développé un système de gestion des ressources naturelles qui a assuré leur survie. Depuis quelques décennies, la mondialisation est cause de mutations rapides, en particulier dans le mode de vie et dans la relation des communautés atolliennes à leur environnement naturel. Étant donné le caractère fortement intégré du système sociétal et de l’écosystème dans les atolls, cette thèse aborde la question de l’avenir des pays atolliens dans le contexte du changement climatique par l’étude de la résilience de leurs systèmes socio-écologiques. La résilience d’un système correspond à sa capacité à absorber des perturbations et à se réorganiser tandis qu’il subit des changements tout en conservant la même fonction, structure, identité et les mêmes rétroactions. Cette thèse postule qu’une estimation de la résilience des systèmes socio-écologiques aux perturbations d’origine météo-marine nécessite au préalable une analyse de leur résilience générale. De telles estimations s’appuient sur des modèles conceptuels réalisés à partir de résultats d’entretiens et d’enquêtes menés à Kiribati, et sur l’analyse d’images aériennes. L’avenir des pays atolliens est discuté en envisageant différents scénarios : l’adaptation, la transformation, la migration et l’effondrementThe threats to states entirely composed of atolls from climate change and associated sea-level rise have been widely publicized. The Republic of Kiribati is an atoll country situated in Pacific Ocean settled by 100,000 inhabitants. Over the past centuries, the atoll communities of Kiribati have developed natural resource management systems that have enabled their survival. Over the past decades, globalization has caused rapid changes, especially regarding lifestyles and relationships of atoll communities to their natural environment. Given the highly integrated nature of the societal system and the ecosystem in the atolls, this thesis addresses the question of the future of atoll countries in the context of climate change by studying the resilience of their social-ecological systems. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change so as to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks. This thesis postulated that an assessment of social-ecological resilience of climate- and marine-related disturbances required a preliminary analysis of their general resilience. Such assessments are based on conceptual models made from interviews and surveys and from the analysis of aerial imagery. The future of atoll countries is discussed considering different scenario: adaptation, transformation, migration and collapse
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Pannu, Gharib Singh. "The development of English language teaching in Kiribati : a critical appraisal, with special reference to the primary level." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359804.
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Murray, Christopher J. L. "The determinants of health improvement in developing countries : case-studies of St. Lucia, Guyana, Paraguay, Kiribati, Swaziland and Bolivia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304625.
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Svensk, Elin, and Josefin Lång. "Activity and participation at home and in the community for individuals using lower limb prostheses : A qualitative study conducted in Kiribati." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40468.
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Background: Kiribati has one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world. A major consequence of diabetes is amputation which creates a demand for prosthetic and orthotic services. It is well established that people with amputations who do not have access to a prosthesis experience difficulties with their mobility and participation in society. Aim: To describe activity and participation at home and in the community for individuals who have received a lower limb prosthesis in Kiribati. Method: This study is based on qualitative interviews using a semi-structured approach with seven participants from Kiribati who have been fitted with lower-limb prostheses. Recorded interviews were performed. Results: The study yielded two main categories which led to the participants becoming more independent: the effect of mobility and the importance of relationships. Conclusion: Activity and participation increased in individuals who use a prosthesis as a result of diabetes type 2, compared to those who do not use a prosthesis. Prosthetic use contributes to increased mobility, which affects activity and participation, in turn leading to greater satisfaction in life. Caution should be taken with regard to these conclusions because the gender distribution did not meet the requirements for variation, making it difficult to generalize the results to the population.Bakgrund: Kiribati har en av den högsta prevalensen av diabetes i världen. En stor konsekvens av diabetes är amputation vilket leder till behov av protes- och ortos service. Svårigheter med mobilitet och delaktighet i samhället har visats för personer som är amputerade men inte har tillgång till protes. Syfte: Beskriva aktivitet och delaktighet i hemmet och i samhället för individer som har fått en protes till nedre extremiteten. Metod: Denna studie är baserad på kvalitativa intervjuer och använder ett semi-strukturerad metod. Sju deltagare från Kiribati med nedre extremitets protes deltog. Inspelade intervjuer genomfördes. Resultat: Studien resulterade i två huvudkategorier, effekten av mobilitet och vikten av relationer. Mobilitet möjliggjorde aktivitet och delaktighet vilket ledde till att deltagarna blev mer självständiga. Nära relationer och hjälp från familjen visade sig viktig efter tillgång till protes. Slutsats: Aktivitet och delaktighet ökade hos individer som till följd av diabetes typ 2 använder sig av protes, i jämförelse med dem som inte använder protes. Protesanvändning bidrar till en ökad mobilitet som påverkar aktivitet och delaktighet vilket leder till högre tillfredställelse i livet. Dessa slutsatser skall dock tas med aktsamhet med anledning av att könsfördelningen inte mötte upp kraven på variation, vilket gör det svårt att generalisera resultatet till populationen.
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Orhan, Akinalp. "How to Save a Disappearing Nation? Discourses on How to Address the Consequences of Climate Change Induced Migration and Examples from Kiribati." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21562.
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Migration induced by the impacts of climate change is a complex phenomenon that consists of various concepts. It also consists of various perspectives about the cause and the effects of such migration. Regardless of these debates, however, some atoll island nations are under a threat of disappearance due the impacts of climate change, especially the rising sea levels. Migration remains the only option for these island nations. Consequently, there are numerous perspectives on how to address the arising problems due to such migration. By utilizing argumentative discourse analysis, this thesis identifies three dominant discourses that address these consequences of climate change induced migration and explores the island nation of Kiribati, although seemingly follows the lead of these dominant discourses, manages to shape and transform the discourses for the best interest of the Island Nation.
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Yates, Rodney B. "Aid, attitudes and ambivalence: The impact of Australian aid in the introduction and sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in the Republic of Kiribati." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118144/8/Rodney%20Yates%20Thesis.pdf.
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Using a critical pedagogy framework, this study examines dependency on Australian Aid and local ownership/sustainability in the introduction of inclusive education in Kiribati through document analysis, interviews with key local stakeholders and school-based focus group discussions. The results indicate that a positive commitment towards inclusive education is emerging and that Australian Aid provided essential advocacy through direct management of initiatives. Inclusive education initiatives remain dependent on Australian Aid for direction and sustainability. Sustainability of inclusive education initiatives in Kiribati will depend on continued development of local ownership including community support and commitment by the Government of Kiribati, particularly budgetary support.
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Shen, Yan [Verfasser], Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Reitner, Volker [Gutachter] Thiel, Gernot [Gutachter] Arp, Michael Pd [Gutachter] Hoppert, Pablo [Gutachter] Suarez-Gonzalez, and Sebastiann [Gutachter] Rampen. "Biosignatures of modern microbial mats, Kiritimati/Kiribati, Central Pacific / Yan Shen ; Gutachter: Volker Thiel, Gernot Pd Arp, Michael Hoppert, Pablo Suarez-Gonzalez, Sebastiann Rampen ; Betreuer: Joachim Reitner." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197303979/34.
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Clark, Philip. "The economic impact of contracted labour upon the livelihoods of small Pacific Island States : an examination of the expenditure patterns of I-Kiribati and Tuvaluan seafarers and their dependents /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19647.pdf.
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Söderberg, Nora. "Climate-Induced Human Mobility in Policy : A Comparative Analysis of Problem Representations in Policy of Two Small-Island Cases." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-402836.
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This thesis is a descriptive study of problem representations of climate-induced human mobility in policy. Two cases which are severely impacted by climate change have been selected for the analysis: Kiribati and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Policies of these cases are analysed through a qualitative text analysis following the methodological approach “What’s the Problem Represented to Be?”. A particular focus is given to the issue of “planned relocations” as this is a form of human movement that is, per definition, driven by policy. The analysis found negative representations of human mobility to be present in both cases, but also positive representations in the case of Kiribati. Planned relocations were represented as something necessary and difficult by both the cases, but a substantial difference concerned the intended length of such movements. Lastly, this study highlights the need for further research on policy engagement in climate-induced human mobility.
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Kuruppu, Natasha D. "Confronting climate change and variability : Enhancing adaptive capacity of water management in Kiribata." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527345.
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Uriam, Kambati K. "In their own words : a study of the history, nature, and function of oral tradition in Gilbertese society." Master's thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113875.
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This is a study of Gilbertese historiography through oral tradition. It
originated from my desire to seek for the true identity of the Gilbertese people.
This study, then, is but one of the preliminary stages necessary to make such
a search possible and successful because one cannot search for a people and
their identity outside their own history. History is vital for the understanding
of a people, who they were that makes them what they are today.
For any history or reconstruction of the past to be possible, one has to
have sources that provide the best possible access to ‘historic* significant
incidents that determine the identity of the people. This is where the oral
traditions of the elders are important. My argument in this thesis is that the
oral traditions contain a close approximation of the past as lived, experienced
and understood in the people’s own words long before the coming of the
Europeans to our shores.
Gilbertese oral tradition is a collection of stories about the ancestors as
remembered and understood by the chroniclers and the people. These stories,
for generations, have been transmitted through word of mouth. Although their
verbal nature makes them intangible and conceivably therefore unreliable, many
are authentic when tested and compared with written or other ‘hard’ facts.
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Roman, Mike T. "I-Kiribati youth perceptions of HIV/AIDS and related risk behaviors." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28992.
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The Republic of Kiribati is one of the last countries to face the HIV/AIDS epidemic in
the Pacific. First appearing in the region in 1982, HIV/AIDS was recognized as a
national concern during the late 90s. Partnering with the National AIDS Committee,
research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods which included focus
groups, surveys, personal interviews and quasi experiments. These methods were used
to explore population and individual perceptions and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS.
Once perceptions and behaviors were understood, HIV/AIDS was placed in a broader
historical and social context. Placing the illness in these contexts, I examined how
history and social environments influenced the spread of the virus. Focusing on youth,
research exposed complex social structures which produced opportunities for varying
levels of stigma, economic development, migration, education and modernity, all
contributing to a systematic promotion and prevention of the spread of HI V/AIDS.
Conclusions showed that gender roles, modernity, educational and economic
opportunity, overpopulation, religious beliefs and limited resources contributed to
greater amounts of high risk behaviors taken by individuals. Conversely, gender roles,
religious beliefs, and modernity also assisted in the prevention of transmission.Graduation date: 2006
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Natake, Tearimawa, and 提瑪娃. "Meat Consumption Preferences in the Island of Tarawa Kiribati." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45914069669000381171.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
熱帶農業暨國際合作系所
96
This thesis analyzes socioeconomic and demographic factors influencing the households' preferences and consumption of meat, poultry, in south Tarawa Island of Kiribati in the central Pacific by using 2007 household survey data. Kiribati was one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world according to United Nations classification. Results show that rural households' meat and other animal products consumption are highly influenced by socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the households such as household income, sizes of household, education levels of head of households and wife, age and gender of household head, employment status of household head and wife. Increases in income received by higher-income households do increase their meat animal product consumption and expenditures. The average household size was 7 people. A very high percentage (91%) of interviewees stated that the amount they normally spend on food was around 20-30% of their household income. Sixty percent of respondents did not purchase any meat or meat products. Results also showed 98% are in agreement that fish is the most preferred source of animal protein. This research suggests that even if meat prices remained constant, consumption patterns would change with trends in incomes and lifestyles, and developments in production, processing, and distribution. Shifts in government policies influencing availability and pricing will also affect consumptions pattern of meat and other animal products in Kiribati.
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Benitera, Sapina, and 沙彬娜. "Health Promotion Behaviors of People with Diabetes in Kiribati." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23972718423245836070.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
護理研究所
99
The purpose of the study is to investigate health promoting behaviors of diabetes patients in Kiribati. A descriptive and correlational study was conducted in a convenience sample of 111 adults with type II diabetes. Participants were recruited from the only diabetic clinic located in the capital atoll of Kiribati. HPLP II questionnaire was used to assess health promoting behaviors of people with type II diabetes. The results showed that participants were not engaging in health promoting behaviors on regular basis. Marital status, number of hospitalization, health in general, comorbidity, smoking history, routine measurement of blood glucose, routine taking of medication, and received advises from doctor/nurse to watch diet, lose weight, and do more exercise were significantly associated with health promoting behavior participation. The study suggested that health care professionals should develop health promoting programs that tailored to fit the individuals’ priorities, resources, culture and lifestyle.
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Shen, Yan. "Biosignatures of modern microbial mats, Kiritimati/Kiribati, Central Pacific." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1279-F.
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Tabe, Tammy. "Sapon Riki Ba Kain Toromon: A Study of the I-Kiribati Community in Solomon Islands." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24272.
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Christensen, Pia Monrad. "Infant nutrition and child health on Tarawa, Kiribati : a nutritional anthropological approach." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144115.
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Teaiwa, Katerina. "Tirawata Irouia: Re-Presenting Banaban Histories." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/21131.
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Prance, Felicity Jane. "Institutions and values: climate change adaptation mainstreaming implementation in Kiribati." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/106424.
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Climate change adaptation mainstreaming (CCAM) is considered an effective way of integrating climate change adaptation and sustainable development agendas in policy and practice. Conventional approaches to CCAM emphasise either: a) a technological response that focuses on ensuring climate change projections influence decision-making; or b) the need for CCAM to incorporate an understanding of the underlying drivers of vulnerability that expose people to climate change impacts. However, both approaches give inadequate attention to political and social conflict in shaping CCAM implementation. This dissertation presents a case study from the Republic of Kiribati to explore the role of political and social conflict in shaping CCAM. It argues that the Government of Kiribati, in partnership with United Nations Development Program (UNDP), via the National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA), and the World Bank, via the Kiribati Adaptation Program (KAP), failed to effectively implement mainstreaming. Yet the KAP made more progress than the NAPA. Why was mainstreaming largely unsuccessful in Kiribati? Why did the KAP have more success compared with the NAPA? What does this case study tell us about the political and social pre-conditions for successful CCAM implementation? And what are the implications for CCAM policy and implementation in developing countries? In addressing these questions, I draw on normative neo-institutionalism and the notion of epistemic communities. Normative neo-institutionalism, and especially Olsen’s four pre-conditions for successful reform, provides a powerful framework for understanding the role of political and social factors in reform processes, while the notion of epistemic communities helps us to understand the nature of the values and actors that characterise these factors. According to this approach, successful CCAM implementation depends upon: a) a high degree of normative matching between the reform and implementing institution; b) a high degree of normative matching between the reform and the relevant society; c) a high degree of clarity about reformers’ intentions; and d) the capacity and resources of the institution implementing the reform. CCAM implementation in Kiribati was largely unsuccessful because: a) two competing coalitions became embroiled in political struggles over CCAM; and b) Olsen’s four pre- conditions for successful reform were not met. In regards to the first point, I show that the Ministry for Environment, Land and Agricultural Development formed a coalition with UNDP to support a vulnerability-based approach to CCAM, while the Office of the President formed a coalition with the World Bank to advocate for a technology-based approach. On the second point, I argue that the NAPA initially succeeded because performance against a majority of the pre-conditions was strong, but it ultimately failed because the government became disenchanted with the coalition’s vulnerability-based approach to CCAM. The KAP had more success long term because its coalition of support had greater resources and support from the government to push their technology-driven approach. However, tension within its supporting coalition led to reduced normative matching and capacity to support CCAM implementation. In policy terms, the implication is that CCAM strategies, and the step-by-step guides designed to inform implementation, should take politics and values into account.Thesis (M.Phil.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2017.
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徐宛蒂. "The Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Diseaseamong School-aged Children in Kiribati." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3vwfc4.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
健康事業管理研究所
107
Abstracts The Prevalence of Rheumatic Heart Disease among School-aged Children in Kiribati Background and Objective Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) is considered to be a public health issue for children and adolescents in developing countries, although it is preventable and treatable. This study investigated the prevalence of RHD among school-aged children (aged 9-19) in Kiribati, in order to know the RHD prevalence of the population and related risk factors. Pioneering in this subject, which was rarely studied in the past, this study is expected to encourage the medical field to provide more cases about RHD for reference and help the government to formulate the RHD prevention and screening strategies according to the RHD patients' needs. Methods The objects of study were school-aged children in 10 schools in Kiribati. more than 3,000 children received screening. A total of 3,711 questionnaires were distributed, and 3,711 were collected, so the recovery rate was 99%. The SPSS22.0 statistical software package was used and analysis methods such as frequency distribution analysis, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression analysis were adopted. Result The following conclusions were reached: 1. Prevalence of RHD: among the 3,711 school-aged children, 68 were confirmed to have RHD or were prone to RHD. The prevalence of RHD among school-aged children in Kiribati is 18.32/1000 (95% CI: 13.8~22.2). 2. Relevant risk factors: the following are the results of multivariate logistic regression: school-aged children receiving Benzathine penicillin injection (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 22.48, 95% CI: 6.02 ~ 83.94), family members having rheumatic fever (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI: 1.85-10.46) and family members not sure of having rheumatic fever or not (AOR=5.79, 95% CI: 2.53~13.24). As indicated by the results, environment factor is significantly associated with the prevalence of RHD. Conclusion and Suggest The results of this study suggest that the most important factor affecting the prevalence of RHD among school-aged children in Kiribati is environment factor. It is recommended that the Ministry of Healthof Kiribati needs to formulate and gradually improve the prevention and screening strategies based on the needs of school-aged children with RHD when they can’t perfect the primary prevention system. Taiwan government can help improve the continuous screening ability of the local RHD physicians. take secondary preventive measures for intervention as early as possible and enhance the children compliance with the secondary preventive measures. With these countermeasures taken. not only the prevalence of RHD children can be lowered. but also the cardiac function of the children with RHD can be prevented from continuous worsening. Key words: Rheumatic Heart Disease、School-aged Children、Kiribati
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Taanga, Aketa Maure, and 艾綺塔. "Spatial-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Bigeye and Yellowfin Tunas in Kiribati EEZ." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37800485368068510640.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
94
Information on the distribution characteristics of tuna resources in Kiribati EEZ waters in three zones (Zone 1: west Gilbert region, Zone 2: central Phoenix region, and Zone 3: east Line region) as well as their relationship with the ocean environment is critical for sustainable managing the migratory tuna resource and fishing practices in this region. Therefore, this study is designed to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution and concentration of bigeye tuna (BET) and yellowfin tuna (YFT) in Kiribati EEZ waters in relation to sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth so as to better understand the tuna resources management basis in Kiribati waters. The geographic and temporal distribution and concentration were first displayed. Paired t-test was utilized to compare the distribution between the two tuna species based on Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) derived from the Korean longliners during 1996 to 2004, and also among the three zones of Kiribati EEZ waters. Environmental conditions of the three zones were then compared and correlated with the CPUE of YFT and BET. In addition, the effect of ENSO phenomena on the environmental conditions and the distribution of YFT and BET within the three zones were also examined. The BET was relatively higher in the Zone 3 whereas YFT predominate in the Zone 1 and the Zone 2 due to oceanographic differences among the three zones and the ecological habitats of the two tuna species. It was suggested that El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena altered the oceanographic conditions of the three zones that in turn change the distribution of the two tuna species. During El Niño, the warm phase of ENSO, resulted in having more BET in all the three zones and the opposite observed during La Niña (cold phase) replacing by having relatively higher catch rate for YFT, particularly in the Zone 2. Although the results of the study are from short periods (1996 to 2004) in considering oceanographic anomalies, these environmental variations should be considered into sustainable fisheries management of tuna fisheries in Kiribati EEZ waters.
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TAI, CHU-YUN, and 戴竹芸. "Obesity, nutritional status and related factors survey among Kiribati high school students." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46927397875704618753.
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碩士輔仁大學
營養科學系碩士班
103
Kiribati located in south-east of Australia, across the Equator and the International Date Line, is a Pacific Ocean country and diplomatic allies of Taiwan. Dry hot weather and high salt concentration in the groundwater make it difficult to grow crops. It makes vegetable and fruit intake low in this country, most food are imported, including white rice and processed foods. World Health Organization reported the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 80.5%. Chronic disease mortality accounted for 69% of all causes of death. It is noted that weight and health status of adulthood are often related to eating behaviors during young age. From the point view of disease prevention, it is important to reveal the eating behaviors among young generation in Kiribati. The aim of the study was to investigate weight, nutritional status and related factors, including nutritional knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy among Kiribati high school students. There were 480 junior and senior high school students sampled in Tarawa, capital of Kiribati, in 2013. Nutritional knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy were assessed by questionnaires. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food, nutrient intakes and diet quality. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index to evaluated weight status. Results showed that overweight and obesity prevalence rate were 47.71% among Kiribati high school students. Female had higher obesity rate than male. Daily mean caloric intake was 3961.1±1399.8 kcal. Daily servings of staple food, meat, sea foods, dairy products, vegetables and fruits were 27.1 ±12.7, 2.2 ±1.7, 8.1 ±6.7, 0.6 ±0.7, 0.2 ±0.1 and 1.7 ±1.8 servings respectively. Daily amount of beverage were near 1000 ml. In addition, more beverage intake, the higher overweight and obesity rates. Diet quality score was 55.4±11.1 points on 100 point scale. Staple food, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, sodium and dietary variety scores were less than 5 points (each item composed of 10 points). Nutritional knowledge was poor and affected by parental education level. In conclusion, Kiribati high school students had high prevalence rates of overweight and obesity. Their diet composed of abundant calorie, rice, beverage and sodium, but lack of fruit, vegetable, dairy products and related nutrients. High school students’ nutritional knowledge required great improvement. The results of this study may be expected to be used of improving the nutritional status of Kiribati students.
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Redfern, Farran M. "Heavy metal contamination from landfills in coastal marine sediments, Kiribati and New Zealand /." 2006. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20060501.141345/index.html.
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Naare, Agnes Nikoraa, and 納瑞恩妮. "Dressing Preference between Taiwan and Kiribati – Use Cultural Background and Aesthetic Preference to Analyze." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90063488221593753269.
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碩士中原大學
國際商學碩士學位學程
103
Multiple research have focused on the aesthetic and dressing preference of women around the world. However, no attention has been given to the aesthetic and dressing preference of women from these two countries Taiwan and Kiribati. Fortunately, a recent study of aesthetic dressing preference between Taiwan and Western culture provided motivation to pursue this research topic. This study aims to examine the aesthetic and dressing preference for both Taiwan and Kiribati women, how culture, their age and body image influence their preference in dressing styles and how they define aesthetic dresses. This study is motivated by two research questions: (1) How does culture influence people’s dressing style? (2) Does Age and Body image also have an impact on peoples’ dressing preference? It was hypothesized that culture, age and body image does have an effect on dressing preference. This study advances our understanding of different cultures and their preference in dresses or age and body image and their aesthetic and dressing preference. It gives us an insight view of how people feel about a particular dress or when dressed in a certain way. An online survey of sample distribution was utilized to conduct this survey. Questionnaires were distributed to both samples from Kiribati and Taiwan and recorded voice interviewed were carried out to get a more insight view of this matter. Also a mix method of both Anova and T-test were employed to test the significance of each variable to this topic. The findings from this research illustrates how people from different culture have different taste but yet still have a common liking towards a certain style of dress. Also how age difference can influences their preference and lastly how body images did not really cause an impact on their aesthetic and dressing preference from the result of this study This study is a fundamental tool for individuals who want to understand the culture of these two countries in relation to their aesthetic and dressing preference. It can also be a tool for new businessmen who want to establish, trade or conduct any sort of business activities in both countries, this will provide them with not only essential understanding but also insight perspective from the locals.
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Murdoch, Helen J., and 孟海倫. "The Relationship between Diabetes Knowledge, Social Support and Self-Care Activities of Diabetes in Kiribati." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37677554475422121792.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
護理研究所
102
Diabetes type 2 has been a growing concern globally. It is predicted that 300 million people worldwide will be affected by diabetes by 2025 whereby two third of all cases affected are from low middle income countries like Kiribati. Kiribati has been facing the impact of diabetes where showed that 58% are non-communicable diseases related deaths. About 28% of the population has diabetes. More than 100 individuals with diabetes undergo operation each year due to diabetes complications whereby 58 individuals undergo limb amputation due to gangrenous wounds. However, the relevant issue has never been explored in Kiribati. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between diabetes knowledge, social support and self-care activities of patients with diabetes in Kiribati. Another purpose was to explore how diabetes knowledge and social support contribute to patients’ self-care activities in Kiribati. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive correlational study. A convenient sampling employed of 138 individuals with diabetes attending the diabetic clinic at the Tungaru Central Hospital, referral hospital in Kiribati and two other clinics on south Tarawa; Bairiki and Temanoku clinics. A self-administered questionnaire was used in data collection between the periods from July, 2013 to September, 2013. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 18.0. One-way ANOVA, t-tests, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used for the study. The findings of this investigation showed the mean age of participants was 51.64 (SD=8.8) and range between 25 – 75 years. Religion showed 43% was Catholics while Kiribati Protestant Church (KPC) was 45% and other churches were 11%. The disease duration of diabetes showed average of 7.96 (SD=6.4) and range between 0.08-32 years. Diabetes knowledge average total score was 19.09 (SD=4.22). Social support revealed social support total score was 3.74 (converted score were 74.79). The social support sub-scores revealed a range from 3.35 – 4.20 (converted score were 58.74 – 79.89). The findings showed that the self-care activities total score (SCA-TMS) showed an average of 2.9 days per week and the subscales of self-care range between 5.4 days per week to 0.7 day per week. Univariate analysis was performed between demographic characteristics, medical factors, diabetes knowledge and social support and self-care activities and subscales and the results showed the following were significant: Demographic and medical factors found significant were age, religion, employment status and disease duration. Age was associated with diet self-care (r=0.21, p=0.01), and foot-care self-care (r=0.21, p=0.01). Religion was found associated with foot-care self-care (F=4.36, p=0.02) Post hoc test showed Catholics mean score > KPC. Employment status was associated with diet self-care (t= -2.57, p=0.01). Disease duration was related with physical activity (r= -0.18, p=0.04). Univariate analysis was done between the variables such as diabetes knowledge, social support and self-care activities and sub-dimensions and the results showed that these were the only significant: social support and several subscales were found significant include social support total mean score (MOS-TMS), emotional informational support, tangible support, and affectionate support. Social support total mean score was associated with self-care total mean score (r=0.17, p=0.045) and physical activity self-care (r=0.22, r=0.01). Emotional informational support was related to physical activity self-care (r=0.28, p=0.001). Tangible support was associated with blood glucose monitoring self-care (r=0.17, p=0.049). Affectionate support was associated with three self-care activities include self-care total mean score (r=0.21, p=0.01), diet self-care (r=0.17, p=0.04) and foot-care self-care (r=0.19, p=0.03). Diabetes knowledge was found to have no association with self-care activities total score and subscales. The predictors of self-care activities was tested using the multiple linear regression and the result showed that religion and social support total mean score were significant predictors of overall self-care activities (F(2,135) = 4.11, p=0.02). In conclusion factors including age, religion, employment status, disease duration and social support need to be incorporated when planning and implementing strategies in enhancing self-care behaviours of patient diabetes. There is a need to duplicate the study in the rural areas of Kiribati to compare results.
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ChengTing, Mika Li, and 利正婷. "Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients with Tuberculosis who had Completed DOTS in Kiribati." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23697244050801980963.
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碩士國立陽明大學
國際衛生碩士學位學程
101
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem worldwide. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a subjective measure of an individual’s health status which has been used widely in health care evaluation. Effectiveness of TB treatment has never been explored in Kiribati since the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) program started in 1998. Objective: To examine the HRQoL and related factors among pulmonary TB patients within two years after completion of DOTS, and compare their HRQoL to a comparison group in South Tarawa, Kiribati. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 206 TB patients who had completed DOTS from the only TB clinic in Kiribati during July to September 2012. The comparison group was composed of 214 non-TB individuals whose age and gender distribution was frequency-matched to the TB group. Face-to-face interview with SF-36 and self-developed structured questionnaire were used to collect data on HRQoL and socio-demographics respectively. Results: Findings indicated that the TB patients had a significantly higher score in physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of SF-36 compared to the comparison group, given background characteristics were adjusted for. Multiple liner regression showed that an increased age and presence of persistent symptoms after completion of DOTS were related to lower HRQoL among TB patients. It was noted that 18.5% of TB patients still had persistent symptoms within two years after completion of DOTS. Conclusions: HRQoL among TB patients within two years after completion of DOTS was better than the general population, suggesting the effectiveness of DOTS treatment. Since persistent symptoms negatively impacted HRQoL and a significant number of TB patients still showed persistent symptoms, health professionals should help patients to manage their symptoms in order to promote their quality of life. Key words: tuberculosis, DOTS, HRQoL, SF-36
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Korimara, Roman, and 羅克曼. "Financial Analysis of a Large Scale Photovoltaic System and Its Impact on Energy Demand in Kiribati." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44168726454039986336.
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碩士國立中山大學
電機電力工程國際碩士學程
99
Kiribati, a small and low lying island country located on the equator, is vulnerable to impact of Global Warming. In response, Kiribati’s Government continues and remains firm to fight the increase of pollution gases. Rather than just fighting using words, Kiribati seriously takes into consideration issues which promote the use of clean energy in all aspects. .This thesis emphasizes the use of large scale photovoltaic (PV) installation as a clean energy source that may help contribute in the total energy demand for this island. Here, a large photovoltaic generation system as a Distribution Generation (DG) to feed main utility network (i.e. PUB) on the island, assumed to be constructed in the National Main Stadium (NMS) at Betio Town as the DG Interconnection site, is analyzed. This PVGS has been investigated from two different perspectives: 1) Independent Power Producer (IPP) point of view, which is the design of the selling price of PV power generation and 2) Utility point of view, which is the design of saving costs incurred from PVGS contribution. PV power generation is simulated according to the hourly solar irradiation and temperature provided by the Weather Office in Kiribati. The cash flow of annual power generation, the operation and maintenance costs and the capital investment cost of the PVGS are then used to derive the payback time (PBT) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for the PVGS under different selling price of PV power generation. The voltage variation and the system losses of the distribution feeder, which serves the National Stadium, are also evaluated by executing the load flow analysis for the impact analysis of the PVGS. Results indicate that the reduction of voltage variation and system’s losses can be obtained with the PVGS installed to provide the dispersed generation for the local loads. However, the PVGS penetration is limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent PV power generation. The selling price of PV generation has to be designed according to the conditions of solar irradiation and temperature so that sufficient incentives can be provided.
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Ferreira, Vera Lúcia da Silva. "Migrações Climáticas e Segurança Humana." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/82726.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais apresentada à Faculdade de EconomiaIt is expected that throughout the 21st century climate change will influence global migration patterns, leading to a growing number of people that are forcibly displaced by climate-related hazards. This situation is particularly worrying in small island states such as the Republic of Kiribati and Tuvalu, since sea level rise and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events threaten the habitability of their territories. However, in its present configuration, the International Law does not include a legal framework for climate induced migrants. Given the need to develop mechanisms that ensure the legal recognition and the fundamental rights of these populations, the aim of this dissertation is to understand whether the human security agenda can contribute to the recognition and protection of climate induced migrants. Human security, as a policymaking - driven agenda, has fostered the broadening and deepening of traditional security definitions (mainly state - centred and military). Accordingly, human security identifies a multiplicity of threats and their articulation, thus recognizing the multidimensional impacts posed by climate change and its role on forced migrations. That may further its political relevancy and its ability to influence governments and international organizations in the issue of climate induced migrants’ protection. Therefore, drawing on Constructivism – and assuming that the international reality and national interests are socially constructed and changeable –, we want to assess the probability of the construction of a collective identity around human security, which materializes in political, normative and legal instruments that can secure the recognition and protection of climate induced migrants. Nevertheless, human security does not question the structures and power relations operating in the international system, thus, it can become a mechanism that perpetuates these same structures and not an instrument of effective protection. Relying on the Critical Theory, which questions the origins of the social institutions and power relations, we will analyse the role of human security in the reproduction of the existing interests and its effective potential to recognize and grant protection to climate induced migrants.
Ao longo do século XXI, é esperado que as alterações climáticas influenciem os fluxos migratórios globais, conduzindo ao aumento do número de pessoas que são forçadas a deslocar-se devido a condições climáticas adversas. Esta situação é particularmente gravosa em Estados insulares como a República do Kiribati e o Tuvalu, visto que a subida do nível das águas do mar e a ocorrência cada vez mais frequente de fenómenos climáticos extremos comprometem a habitabilidade dos seus territórios. Contudo, na sua configuração atual, o Direito Internacional não contempla o enquadramento legal dos migrantes climáticos. Perante a necessidade de desenvolver mecanismos que assegurem o reconhecimento legal e os direitos fundamentais destas populações, esta dissertação procurará compreender se a agenda de segurança humana poderá contribuir para o reconhecimento e proteção dos migrantes climáticos. A segurança humana, enquanto agenda direcionada para o policymaking, propiciou o alargamento e aprofundamento das definições tradicionais de segurança (sobretudo estatocêntricas e militares). Assim, ao identificar uma multiplicidade de ameaças e a sua articulação, a segurança humana reconhece os impactos multidimensionais das alterações climáticas e o seu papel na migração forçada de populações. Tal facto poderá conferir-lhe relevância política e uma capacidade para influenciar governos e organizações internacionais relativamente à proteção dos migrantes climáticos. Deste modo, recorrendo ao Construtivismo – e partindo do princípio de que a realidade internacional e os interesses nacionais são socialmente construídos e mutáveis –, pretende-se aferir a verosimilidade da construção de uma identidade coletiva em torno da segurança humana, que se materialize em instrumentos políticos, normativos e legais de reconhecimento e proteção dos migrantes climáticos. Contudo, ao não questionar as estruturas e relações de poder existentes no sistema internacional, a segurança humana corre o risco de se consubstanciar num mecanismo de reprodução dessas mesmas estruturas, e não num instrumento de proteção de facto. Mobilizando a Teoria Crítica, que questiona a origem das instituições sociais e das relações de poder, será analisado o contributo da segurança humana para a reprodução dos interesses vigentes e o seu efetivo potencial para reconhecer e conceder proteção aos migrantes climáticos.
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Murta, Marcelo Lages. "As dimensões da cultura : a construção de políticas públicas a partir da sociomuseologia na República do Kiribati." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/12680.
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Orientação: Mario de Souza ChagasEsta tese foi elaborada a partir das observações em torno do desenvolvimento da Política Nacional de Cultura da República do Kiribati, articulada pelo Museu Nacional do país junto a organismos regionais e internacionais. Para tanto, a investigação partiu de uma discussão teórica sobre as disputas pela cultura nas instituições locais e globais, com um trabalho analítico sobre documentos e normativas internacionais no âmbito da UNESCO, da Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos e dos pactos associados aos Direitos Econômicos, Sociais, Culturais, Civis e Políticos. A inserção da função social dos museus nas normativas internacionais foi observada a partir da Mesa de Santiago (1972), da formação do Movimento Internacional para uma Nova Museologia (MINOM), das suas bases intrinsecamente ligadas a experiências práticas e das declarações oriundas de diversos encontros internacionais que viriam a constituir o Programa Ibermuseus, com a Declaração de Salvador (2007), num processo que culminaria na Recomendação de 2015 da UNESCO. A museologia social e a sociomuseologia foram discutidas a partir de experiências ibero-americanas, observadas principalmente em Portugal e no Brasil. Com base em um entendimento amplo, de que a sociomuseologia e as políticas públicas coincidem na busca pela identificação de problemas e de soluções possíveis no tempo presente, foi empreendida uma pesquisa para o desenho da Política Nacional de Cultura da República de Kiribati a partir de um estudo etnográfico e de ações participativas com agentes envolvidos na área cultural no país.
This thesis is based on observations about the development of the National Cultural Policy of the Republic of Kiribati, which was articulated by the National Museum of the country together with regional and international organizations. To this end, the research started from a theoretical discussion on the disputes for the cultural sector in local and global institutions, with an analytical work on documents and international norms within the scope of UNESCO, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the pacts associated with Economic, Social, Cultural, Civil and Political Rights. The insertion of the social role of museums in international norms was analyzed in documents from the Santiago Roundtable (1972), from the formation of the International Movement for a New Museology (MINOM), from practical experiences and from statements coming from different meetings in the international context, such as the Declaration of Salvador (2007) and the constitution of the Ibermuseums Program, which influenced the latest UNESCO Recommendation concerning the Protection and Promotion of Museums and Collections (2015). Social museology and sociomuseology were discussed based on Ibero-American experiences, observed mainly in Portugal and Brazil. Based on a broad understanding, that sociomuseology and public policies coincide in the exploration of problems and possible solutions at the present time, research was undertaken to design the National Cultural Policy of the Republic of Kiribati, which was developed using an ethnographic approach and participatory actions with agents involved in the cultural area in the country.
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Chang, Wei, and 張瑋. "South Pacific Island Nations’ Diplomatic Choice between Taiwan and China─Case Studies of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12934987837291995261.
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碩士東吳大學
政治學系
100
South pacific island nations play important roles in cross-Strait diplomatic competition for a long time. Owing to the political conflicts between China and Taiwan, south pacific island nations get more interests by means of changing their diplomatic recognition. Focusing on the south pacific island nations’ domestic political factors, the influence of the parliament on island nations’ diplomatic choice is noteworthy. Moreover, Australia may have the greatest influence on island nations because it is the largest donor in the south pacific, its view on cross-Strait diplomatic competition also has a considerable influence on island nations’ diplomatic choice. This thesis will start from the point of view of the south pacific island nations to study the factors which influence on island nations’ choice when they face the diplomatic competition between China and Taiwan. In this thesis, the first step is to generalize the diplomatic relation history and current status between Taiwan and China with the south pacific island nations respectively. This thesis also discusses China, Taiwan and Australia’s policies and standpoints toward the south pacific, it includes, for example, the influence on a diplomatic truce between Taiwan and China after President Ma Ying-Jeou took office in 2008, and China changed its aid mode to island nations since 2005. Then, this thesis will conduct case studies of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu to discuss the degree of influence when these island nations make diplomatic choices in three variables: personal and national interests, domestic political factors and external power factors. It is found from this thesis that in the cases of Nauru, Kiribati and Vanuatu, the greatest influence variable is personal and national interests, domestic political factors is secondary, and external power factors have significant influence only in Vanuatu case. These case studies may not represent all the south pacific island nations, but expecting generalize those three variables could become the standard of interpretation when we observe the island nations’ diplomatic choice in the future.