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Journal articles on the topic 'KiSwahili (Swahili)'
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1
Luhwago, Neema Julius Luhwago. "Uforensiki katika Ujumi wa Riwaya Pendwa ya Kiswahili: Uchambuzi wa Riwaya ya “Kikosi cha Kisasi”." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v4i2.1476.
Full textAbstract:
English version
This paper aims to explore forensic aesthetics in Swahili literature showing how forensic induces the aesthetics in the Swahili novels. Forensic science emerged in the 19th century because of the development of science and technology. It has an impact on various fields of expertise such as law, chemistry, physics, biology and others for its effectiveness. Due to the misinterpretation of forensic in Swahili novels, most of the stakeholders of Swahili literary works such as Kezilahabi (1976), Hussein (1971) and Kimura (1991) emphasize that the authors of popular novels mimic the Western literary styles. Along with the negative attitude of various stakeholders of Swahili literature, the popular fictional Swahili novels still retain their status and are increasingly widespread in Swahili-speaking societies. This is due to the fact that these novels have the fascination of the phenomena introduced by the science and technology that clearly distinguishes itself around the world based on the aesthetic view of each society. This paper will dispel the negative stereotypes about the popular Swahili novels containing crime, romance and spying. In addition, it will introduce forensic aethetics as it relates to Swahili literature and emerges itself in Swahili novels such as Kikosi cha Kisasi.
Kiswahili version
Makala haya yanakusudia kuchunguza namna uforensiki unavyoibua ujumi wa riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili, sambamba na kuitambulisha taaluma ya uforensiki inavyojitokeza katika riwaya ya Kikosi cha Kisasi. Kutofahamikavyema kwa taaluma ya uforensiki katika riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili, kumesababisha mtazamo hasi kwa wadau mbalimbali wa fasihi ya Kiswahili kama vile Kimura (1991), Hussein (1971) na Kezilahabi (1976), waliotafiti na kuihakiki riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili na kuiona kuwa ni riwaya isiyo na mafunzo yenye maadili kwa jamii, kutokana na maudhui yake ya ujambazi, mauaji, uhalifu, ujasusi, mapenzi na upelelezi kuelezwa waziwazi. Hali hii imesababishwa na uchache wa wanataaluma waliojihusisha na tafiti zinazohusu uforensiki katika riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili. Hata hivyo, suala la uforensiki katika kuibua ujumi wa riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili halijashughulikiwa. Kutoshughulikiwa huko kunaendeleza mtazamo hasi wa kuziona riwaya hizi kuwa zimeiga utamaduni wa kigeni na hazina umuhimu katika jamii yetu, licha ya kuwa jamii yenyewe tayari imeshaathiriwa na utandawazi kutokana na maendeleo ya sayansi na teknolojia.. Makala haya yatasaidia kuondoa mtazamo hasi uliopo juu ya riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili na kuidhihiridha namna uforensiki unavyoibua ujumi katika riwaya pendwa ya Kiswahili hususani riwaya ya Kikosi cha Kisasi.
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Msigwa, Arnold, B. G. "Ujinsi wa nomino za mkopo katika lugha ya Kiswahili." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i2.1382.
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Masculine, the world languages are generally categorized into two categories; masculine language, feminine language and neuter language. Many Bantu Languages, Swahili inclusive is generally categorized as neuter language; meaning that objects have on its vocabulary like noun has no grammatical gender. However, if you underscore a close observation especially on the borrowed noun, you find something different. The aim of the current article therefore is to investigate how the borrowed noun that enters into Swahili from gendered language behaves. The questions raised by this article are: first, do really borrowed noun that come from gendered language into Swahili become neuter like other noun? Secondly, by looking those borrowed now from gendered language and the way they behaves in Swahili, is it correct to generalize that Swahili language is neuter. These questions and other of this trend are the ones addressed in this article. Data collected from through interview and observation is used to support the argument.
3
Obata, Albert. "IMPACT OF SHENG DIALECT ON THE ENGLISH AND SWAHILI TEACHING IN KENYA; A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW." European Journal of Linguistics 1, no. 1 (June 11, 2022): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ejl.891.
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Purpose: Sheng is a blend of two words derived from Kiswahili and English. It is a code created by young people as a badge of identity, also designed to exclude adults. Sheng morphosyntactic structures can highly affect the student’s competence in Kiswahili and English, which is an examinable subject by the Kenya National Examination Council. The purpose of the study therefore, is to evaluate the impact of Sheng dialect on the English and Swahili teaching in Kenya.
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Conclusion: Sheng code interferes with standard Kiswahili and English and hence it has negative effects on teaching of formal education. The study identified that learners have continued to make grammatically Sheng- related errors that hinder their proficiency in English and Swahili. The study found out that, inadequate exposure to Standard English and Swahili and the linguistic backgrounds of the learners make them to evolve communication strategies in which Sheng- formation processes play a major role.
Recommendations: The study recommends educators to discourage the learners from participating in the discourse that is likely to influence their language competence. School administrators can come up with school-based language policies where certain days of the week are dedicated to communicating in Kiswahili and the students made to conform to it.
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Onindo, Orleans, Hellen Mberia, and Ndeti Ndati. "Media Strategies and the Growth of Kiswahili among Journalism Students in Kenyan Universities." American Journal of Communication 5, no. 2 (December 27, 2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajc.1715.
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Purpose: This research traces the influence of strategies employed by the Kenyan media in their strive to realize the growth of Swahili language among the youth, specifically, university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. The fundamental concerns that were on focus here were; debates, competitions and rewards, use of experts, number of programs, program frequency and program placement and the way they have been used to improve Swahili language.
Methodology: The study used mixed method design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. It targeted University students sampled from 4 public Universities in Nairobi County. A sample size of 327 students was used. Focus group discussions involving 32 FGDs participants were also involved. Four Swahili experts were interviewed to get expert opinion. Multi-stage sampling design was used to select the sample for the survey. This sampling technique was appropriate because the study sample was selected in stages using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling technique. Purposive sampling was used to collect qualitative data. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the effect of the strategies employed by the media organizations in connection with airing Swahili programmes and if these strategies influence the growth of Kiswahili. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Data was then analyzed using SPSS (version 20) statistical program and presented using inferential statistics, descriptive, correlation regression and ANOVA analysis.
Findings: The study revealed that the strategies employed by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth. For instance, majority of the respondents agreed that Swahili competition programs in media have made them develop positive attitude toward Kiswahili. Additionally, a majority of the respondents agreed that when experts are used in presenting Swahili programmes it makes them use correct grammar. The study also noted that respondents agreed that an increase in number of discussion programs in Swahili have improved their Swahili vocabulary.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Media as an agent of language growth is known to employ certain strategies that play a big role in changing the youths’ attitude towards Kiswahili language. Social learning theory, Behaviorist Theory of Language Development and Cultivation theory informed this study. Evidence from media programmes indicated that much has been done by both television and radio in form of strategies that have played a big role in promoting the language. These strategies are linked to the debates, rewards a well as the challenges that face the language growth. The study thus revealed that the strategies employed by the media indeed have significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili among the youth.
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Dzahene-Quarshie, Josephine, and Felix Kwame Sosoo. "Language Blending in Tanzanian Adverts: Codeswitching between Swahili, English, and Kiswahili cha Mtaani." Legon Journal of the Humanities 34, no. 1 (June 29, 2023): 118–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v34i1.5s.
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This study interrogates the strategic use of code-switching involving Standard Swahili, English, and Kiswahili cha Mtaani in audio-visual advertisements by telecommunication companies (Telecos) in Tanzania. A purposive sampling method was used to gather the data: codeswitched advertisements for the purpose of demonstrating the blending of codes. The data on advertisement was gathered from audio-visual advertisements by selected Telecos in Tanzania on social media platforms. Underpinned by theories of codeswitching, this study establishes that beyond codeswitching between Kiswahili and English as a language choice for advertising by Telecos in Tanzania, an emerging trend is the use of codeswitching between Standard Kiswahili and Kiswahili cha mtaani (an urban youth variety of Kiswahili); also, some adverts feature three-way codeswitching involving Standard Kiswahili, English and Kiswahili cha mtaani. The study further argues that codeswitching in the advertisements is carefully thought of, intentionally blending the languages in a strategic way to attract customers from different linguistic, economic, and sociological backgrounds as well as different age groups, making this kind of codeswitching distinct from codeswitching which occurs in natural conversation.
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Timammy, Rayya, and Amir Swaleh. "THEMATIC ANALYSIS OF UTENDI WA MWANA KUPONA: A SWAHILI/ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol1.iss3.116.
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This paper has the objective to make a thematic analysis of a classic poem Utendi wa Mwana Kupona using a Swahili/Islamic approach. The poem is believed to have been written by Mwana Kupona binti Mshamu in 1858. The poem is intended to be a motherly advice to her daughter about her religious and marital duties in a Swahili society.As a background to this paper, it was found out that Swahili culture has been greatly influenced by Islam. Ever since Arab, Persian, Indian and other merchants from Asia and the Middle East visited the East African coast to trade or settle, the Waswahili people embraced Islam. The Islamic religion influenced Swahili culture greatly. One of the more direct influences was the adoption of the Arabic script which the Swahili used to write their poetry and used it for other communication.The Arabic language had a lot of impact on the Kiswahili language, enriching it with new vocabulary, and especially religious and literary terminology. This is why a majority of the Waswahili are Muslims; hence Islam is an attribute accompanying the definition of ‘Mswahili’. A modest estimate would put words borrowed from the Arabic language into the Kiswahili language at between twenty to thirty percent.The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw a rapid development of written Kiswahili literature, especially in verse form. The majority or almost all of the poets of the time were very religious or very knowledgeable about Islam. This is the reason most poems of the time were pervaded by Islamic religious themes or other themes but definitely using an Islamic perspective. Utendi wa Mwana Kupona is one such verse. It is a mother’s advice to her daughter about her duties and obligations towards God, and specifically, towards a husband.
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Putri, Shintia Dwi. "Language Comparison Between Swahili and Malay Languages with Semantic and Pragmatic Problems." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 2, no. 1 (April 27, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v2i1.3961.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the similarities and differences of Malay and Kiswahili, which is better known as Swahili. This study intends to investigate the patterns of response from Malays and Kiswahili. In discussing the idea of linguistic meaning by comparing the Swahili language with Malay, this study focuses on different meanings, assuming that there will be differences regarding the discussion of meaning types that can enhance understanding and appreciation of linguistic meaning. The discussion takes a general conceptual orientation of approach that considers language to be an analysis where the analytical unit is speech acts. From a broader perspective, this article distinguishes the conceptual and associative meaning of the use of Malay and Swahili languages then begins dealing with the individual types. There are five types of meanings discussed, namely conceptual, connotative, social, affective and collocative. The results show that there are many differences between Malay and Swahili languages. The connotation is meaning that is still difficult to understand, and it is what requires the continuation of learning semantics and pragmatics because every language has a different meaning following the culture.
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NIKOLSKAYA, M. V. "POLITICAL DIMENSION OF SWAHILI IN EAST AFRICA: COUNTRY AND REGIONAL ASPECTS." Comparative Politics Russia 13, no. 3 (January 11, 2024): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2221-3279-2022-3-13-74-93.
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Kiswahili is an East African Bantu language with around 150 million speakers, including those for whom it is a mother tongue or a language of confident proficiency. Its historical geographic domain spans Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda. All three were part of British East Africa from the early 1920s up until decolonization. At present, their shared history, culture, geographical proximity and integration aspirations make them the core countries in the region. It would be logical therefore to assume that the position of Kiswahili should be growing stronger, yet in reality its status, functions and spread differ across all the three countries. This article seeks to identify the reasons for this phenomenon and analyze whether Kiswahili has the right potential to become a tool for regional political communication and integration.
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Kibiki, Magreth. "Mchango wa Ishara za Mwili kwenye Maana katika Lugha ya Kiswahili." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v4i2.1475.
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English version
The contribution of gestures on meaning has attracted attention of many scholars (c.f Goodwin, 1986; Mc Neill, 1992; Kendon, 2004; Kidwell, 2013; Müller, 2013; Zhi-pheng 2014). Many researches dealt on its contributions in English language. However, its contributions specifically on Swahili has been given less or no attention. As noted by Kendon (2004) and Zhi-pheng (2014) that the intepretation of gestures can yield different intepretations from one culture to another. The current article investigates the contributions of gestures on meaning in Swahili. Pragmatic markers (henceforth PMs) eh, sawa, mh, and ah have been used as case study. Data was obtained from ‘vijiwe vya kahawa’ (setting of informal conversations created around people drinking coffee) and ‘vijiwe vya mamantilie’ (setting of informal conversations created around women preparing and selling food on the streets. The analysis was done using Social Semiotic Approach under Multimodality Theory by Kress (2010). The results indicate that gestures contribute to the meaning-making. It was observed that various gestures (such as facial expressions, eye gaze, mouth, head and hand movements) were used in conjunctions with uttering the PMs hence helped to convey their meanings. Generally, the article concludes that spoken Swahili is rich in meanings complemented by the contributions of gestures. Thus, the current study calls for more researches on gestures in Kiswahili since they play a big role in the sense-making process.
Kiswahili version
Mchango wa ishara za mwili kwenye maana ni suala ambalo limewashughulisha wataalamu wengi (taz. kwa mfano Goodwin, 1986; Mc Neill, 1992; Kendon, 2004; Kidwell, 2013; Müller, 2013; Zhi-pheng 2014). Hata hivyo, tafiti nyingi zilizofanywa zinahusu mchango wa ishara za mwili kwenye maana katika lugha ya Kiingereza na si Kiswahili. Kufuatia tahadhari wanayoitoa Kendon (2004) na Zhi-pheng (2014) kwamba matumizi ya ishara za mwili yanaweza kutofautiana baina ya lugha moja na nyingine, makala hii inachunguza mchango wa ishara za mwili kwenye maana katika lugha ya Kiswahili. Vialami Pragmatiki (kuanzia sasa VIPRA) eh, sawa, mh na ah vimetumika kama uchunguzi kifani. Data zimekusanywa kutoka katika mazungumzo yasiyo rasmi yanayofanywa na wazungumzaji wa Kiswahili katika vijiwe vya kahawa na vya mamantilie. Uchambuzi wa data umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Njianyingi za Mawasiliano kwa kutumia mkabala wa Semiotiki Jamii wa Kress (2010). Matokeo ya uchunguzi huu yanaonesha kwamba ishara za mwili zina mchango kwenye maana za eh, sawa, mh na ah. Ishara tofautitofauti za (kama vile mwonekano wa sura na macho, kichwa, mikono, macho na mdomo) zilionekana kutumika pamoja na eh, sawa, mh na ah na; hivyo, zilisaidia kuchanuza maana za VIPRA hivyo. Kwa ujumla, makala hii inadokeza kwamba lugha ya Kiswahili (hususani Kiswahili cha mazungumzo) ina hazina kubwa ya maana inayotokana na mchango wa ishara za mwili. Hivyo, ipo haja ya kufanya uchunguzi zaidi ili kubaini ishara mbalimbali za mwili na namna zinavyotoa mchango kwenye maana.
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Simo, Chipanda. "A socio-linguistics Analysis of Semantic Changes in Sukuma Loanwords from Kiswahili Language." January to February 2024 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2024v05i01.0357.
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The purpose of this paper is to account for the semantic changes of Swahili loanwords in Kisukuma language. The reason behind this analysis is that the existing studies have touched this topic not deeply, hence offering curtailed explanations of the phenomenon. Cognitive Grammar and Assimilation theory were used as the basis of analysis in the study. The former assumes that lexemes are not stable, thus they can have both core and peripheral senses while the latter assumes that the two different elements tend to get assimilated into the related elements. The study used a case study design whereby Sukuma language was the case. Four Sukuma informants from Ngudu District in Mwanza Region, Tanzania were selected purposively as they speak Kisukuma fluently. Then, fifty Swahili lexemes loaned to Kisukuma were collected. Semi-structured interviews, observations, introspection and critical documentary analysis were used as instruments for data. The study revealed that the Swahili loanwords in Kisukuma have undergone semantic changes technically known as generalization, specialization and shifting. Based on the findings, the study provided certain conclusions and corresponding recommendations.
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Mushumbwa, Alcheraus R. "Makosa Ya Kisarufi Katika Makala Andishi Za Habari: Uchunguzi Kifani Wa BBC Swahili Na DW Kiswahili." Utafiti 15, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 142–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010027.
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Ikisiri Tafiti juu ya matumizi ya lugha katika vyombo vya habari zimethibitisha kuwapo kwa makosa kadhaa ya lugha katika utoaji wa habari. Makala haya, yanamakinikia makosa ya kisarufi katika matini andishi za habari za BBC Swahili na DW Kiswahili. Sampuli ya makala kumi kutoka kila tovuti ya chombo husika zilichanganuliwa kulingana na nadharia ya Corder (1967). Makosa ya udondoshaji, uchopekaji, upatanisho wa kisarufi, umoja na wingi, mpangilio wa vipashio na mantiki yalithibitika. Sababu za kufanyika kwa makosa hayo ni pamoja na: kutomudu sarufi ya Kiswahili, kukosa umakini katika uandishi na uhariri, athari za lugha mama, lugha za kigeni, lugha ya mazungumzo, na uteuzi mbaya wa msamiati. Vilevile, ilibainika kuwa makosa hayo yana athari hasi kwa wazungumzaji wa lugha pamoja na lugha yenyewe. Hata hiyo, tafiti zaidi zinapaswa kufanywa juu ya mazingira yachocheayo uvumilivu wa makosa ya lugha katika utangazaji wa habari kwa Kiswahili.
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Moskvitina (Siim), Anna. "National language as an object of modern Kiswahili poetry in the Roman and Arabic scripts in East Africa." Language in Africa 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2023-4-2-89-112.
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The article presents a survey of Kiarabu, a tradition of writing in Swahili using the Arabic script, as an integral component of the so-called East African Swahili civilization which since the Medieval Times had been constituted as a network of coastal and island sultanates extending from the South of Somali to the North of Mozambique along the coast of the Indian Ocean. In the colonial times this kind of indigenous literacy gradually came out of use being replaced with the Roman script-based literacy within the project of standardization and making the standard form of Kiswahili an official language in British East Africa. However, Kiarabu still remains an occasional practice and a means to manifest Swahili cultural identity in some areas, where poets-traditionalists write verses in it involving newly designed dialect-based modifications of the alphabet.
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Alio Mohamed, Mohamed Sheikh. "Theological Trends Among Modern Swahili Quranic Translations." AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hikmah.v2i4.32.
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ظهرت أول ترجمة سواحلية مطبوعة للقرآن الكريم في شرق إفريقيا سنة 3291م على يدقُ ّس إنجليزي يدعى غودفري ديل ( )Godfrey Daleكان تابعاً لإرسالية الجامعات إلى)، ثم تبعتها ترجمةUniversities’ Mission to Central Africa( وسط إفريقياقاديانية على يد مبارك أحمدي عام 3291م. وفي عام 3292م ظهرت ترجمة أول ترجمةُسنِّّيَّة كاملة على يد قاضي زنجبار ثم مفتي جمهورية كينيا ( )Chief Kadhiلاحقاً(3213-3291م) الشيخ عبد الله صالح الفارسي التي جاءت كر ٍّدّ َعقَدي على الترجمةالقاديانية. ثم تتابعت الترجمات السواحلية للقرآن الكريم بعد ذلك حيث ظهرت ترجماتُسنِّّيَّة، وشيعية، وإباضية أخرى. ومع وجود عدة دراسات حول هذه التراجم المذكورة غير الكلمات المفتاحية: شرق إفريقيا، القرآن، السَّواحلية، الترجمة، الاتجاهات العقدية. The first printed translation of The Holy Quran into Kiswahili in East Africa was authored by English Anglican Rev. Godfrey Dale, who was belong to Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA), England, and published in 1923. This was followed by a Qadiani translation by Mubarak Ahmadi in 1953. In 1969, the first Sunni complete translation was issued by the Kadhi of Zanzibar; the then Chief Kadhi of Kenya (1968-1981), Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsi, which came as response to the Qadiani translation. Afterward, several Sunni, Shia and Ibadi translations appeared. Despite these translations were studied in several studies, but none has classified them according to their theological affiliations. This research surveys the theological trends among modern Quranic Swahili translations in five folds that include Sunni, Shia, Ibadi, Qadiani and Christian missionary trends. The findings of the study attest that various theological approaches were applied in Swahili modern Quranic translations to convey different theological views. Key Words: East Africa, Quran, Kiswahili, Translation, Thelogical Trends.
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Ndumiwe, Elishafati J. "Unyambuaji wa Kitenzi na Athari Zake katika Usimbaji wa Mada na Fokasi katika Sentensi za Kiswahili." Journal of Linguistics and Language in Education 16, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/jlle.v16i2.2.
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Mada na fokasi ni viambajengo vya sentensi za Kiswahili kwa mkabala wa kipragmatiki. Mada hutokea kabla ya kitenzi ilhali fokasi hutokea mara baada ya kitenzi. Hata hivyo, unyambuaji wa kitenzi husababisha upanguaji, uongezaji au uondoaji wa viambajengo vya kabla au baada ya kitenzi. Kwa hiyo, lengo la makala haya ni kupambanua athari za unyambuaji wa kitenzi katika usimbaji wa mada na fokasi katika sentensi za Kiswahili. Data za makala haya zilikusanywa kwa kutumia mbinu ya upitiaji wa nyaraka kutoka kitabu cha Maendeleo ya Uhusika kilichoandikwa na Khamis (2008). Data ya utafiti huu imechambuliwa kwa mkabala wa kitaamuli. Aidha, uchanganuzi wa data uliongozwa na Nadharia ya Upanguaji wa Umbo la Kifonetiki ya Kidwai (1999). Utafiti huu umebaini kuwa unyambuaji wa kitenzi husababisha upanguaji wa mada na fokasi katika sentensi. Mathalani, mada na fokasi husimbwa katika viambajengo vilivyobakia katika sentensi baada ya unyambuaji wa utendano na utendeka. Katika unyambuaji wa utendea, fokasi huhamia kwenye kiambajengo kilichoongezeka. Kwa upande wa unyambuaji tendeshi, kiambajengo kinachoongezwa katika utendeshi husimbwa kama mada. Vilevile, utendwa hubadili viambajengo vilivyokuwa mada kuwa fokasi na kinyume chake. Utafiti mwingine unaweza kuchunguza usimbaji wa fokasi katika utendua, utendama, utendata au mwambatano wa kauli zaidi ya moja katika kitenzi. Dhana za Msingi: Mada, fokasi, usimbaji, unyambuaji wa kitenzi Topic and focus are pragmatic constituents in Swahili sentences. Topic precedes the verb, while focus appears immediately after verb. However, Swahili verbal extensions lead to change in the position of verbal arguments, an increase in the number of verbal arguments and a reduction in the number of verbal arguments. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of verbal extensions on encoding topic and focus in Swahili sentences. Documentary review was used to collect data from a book entitled ‘Maendeleo ya Uhusika’ by Khamis (2008). The data was analyzed using a qualitative approach. The study was guided by Phonetic Form Scrambling Theory by Kidwai (1999). The fundings of this study show change in the position of topic and focus after verbal extension have been added in Swahili sentences. For example, in reciprocal and stative constructions, topic and focus are encoded in remaining constituents after some of them have been dropped. In addition, the applicative verb encodes new focus, while the causative encodes a new topic. Furthermore, in the passive verb extension, topic changes into focus, and vice versa. The study suggests further research into other extensions such as the reversive, contactive and positional. A study could also be done on combined verb extensions in Swahili sentences. Keywords: Topic, focus, verb extension, encoding and verb argument
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Onindo, Orleans, Hellen Mberia, and Ndeti Ndati. "The Nature of Television and Radio Programs and Their Influence in the Growth of Kiswahili among University Students in Kenya." International Journal of Communication and Public Relation 9, no. 2 (March 27, 2024): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcpr.2426.
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Purpose: This paper traces the place of the nature of programmes in Kenyan media and their influence on Kiswahili growth among university students studying journalism in Kenyan universities. Three fundamental concerns were on focus here; Length of programs; language in programs and the type of Programs.
Methodology: The study used mixed method design to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. It targeted University students sampled from 4 public Universities in Nairobi County. A sample size of 327 students was used. Focus group discussions involving 32 participants were also involved. Four Swahili experts were interviewed to get expert opinion. Multi-stage sampling design was used to select the sample for the survey. This sampling technique was appropriate because the study sample was selected in stages using stratified random sampling and simple random sampling technique. Purposive sampling was used to collect qualitative data. The tools used to collect data were questionnaire for quantitative data, interview schedule for key informants and interview guide for focus group discussions. These were to help to assess the influence of the nature of programmes in media organizations on the growth of Kiswahili among university students in Kenya. The study triangulated quantitative and qualitative data to give results shared in this paper. Data was then analyzed using SPSS (version 20) statistical program. Inferential statistics used were descriptive, correlation regression and ANOVA. Data was presented using tables.
Findings: Findings show that nature of programmes has a significant effect on the growth of Kiswahili.For instance, majority of the respondents agreed that the length of Swahili programs in media have made them develop positive attitude toward Kiswahili. Additionally, they agreed that the nature of language used in presenting Swahili programmes makes them use correct grammar. The study also noted that the respondents agreed that the types of programs have significant influence on their Swahili vocabulary.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Social Learning Theory posits that learning takes place in a social context through observation or direct instruction. People learn the tenets of language through these various types of programmes which carry instructions and are observable. For the Behaviorist Theory of Language Development focus is on objectively observable behaviors where learning is acquired based on environmental conditions (McLeod, 2016). Language acquisition, use and growth has been as a result of emulating what is going on around the learner. The Cultivation theory that suggests television is responsible for shaping or cultivating viewer conceptions of social reality has it that TV viewing affects the language development of children through role modeling where children always want to behave like the characters they see and end up developing language aspects such as pronunciation, intonations and vocabulary like those of the TV and Radio presenter believing that that is the way the world is.For practice and policy media literacy to practitioners has been found to be a necessary educational tool for them to understand the type of media content to interact with if they have to grow their language capabilities. There is need to increase knowledge of risks involved in use of hybrid Kiswahili. While this is so language policy should encompass organizing workshops and seminars for the youth to sensitize them on proper language.
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Kresse, Kai. "KENYA: TWENDAPI?: RE-READING ABDILATIF ABDALLA'S PAMPHLET FIFTY YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE." Africa 86, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000996.
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ABSTRACTThe pamphletKenya: Twendapi?(Kenya: Where are we heading?) is a text often referred to but rarely read or analysed. Abdilatif Abdalla wrote it as a twenty-two-year-old political activist of the KPU opposition as a critique of the dictatorial tendencies of Jomo Kenyatta and his KANU government in 1968, and consequently suffered three years of isolation in prison. Many (at least on the East African political and literary scene) know aboutKenya: Twendapi?but few seem to have read it – indeed, it seems almost unavailable to read. This contribution toAfrica's Local Intellectuals series provides a summary reconstruction of its main points and arguments, and a contextual discussion of the text. This is combined with the first published English translation (overseen by Abdalla himself) and a reprint of the original Swahili text, an important but almost inaccessible document. The article proceeds with a perspective first on the political context in Kenya at the time – an early turning point in postcolonial politics – and second on the work and life of its author, Abdilatif Abdalla who had been trained as a Swahili poet by elder family members who were poets. As most students of Swahili literature know, Abdalla's collection of poetrySauti ya Dhiki(1973) originated in the prison cell but they know little about the pamphletKenya: Twendapi?, nor the circumstances of its authorship. Part of my wider point for discussion is that Abdalla, as an engaged poet and political activist, can be usefully understood as a local intellectual who transcended the local from early on – topically and through global references and comparisons, but also through his experience in prison and exile. Concerns about Kenyan politics and Swahili literature have remained central to his life. This reflects Abdalla's continued and overarching connectedness to the Swahili-speaking region. Abdalla wrote in Swahili and was deeply familar with local Swahili genres and discursive conventions, language and verbal specifications (of critique, of emotions, of reflections) that use the whole range and depth of Kimvita, the Mombasan dialect of Kiswahili, as a reservoir of expression.
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Stephano, Rehema. "Utoshelevu wa Mawasiliano kwa Kiswahili katika Teknolojia ya SIKANU:." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 5, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v5i1.1480.
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This paper investigated the adequacy of Kiswahili communication, the most famous and widely used African language, communication in Smartphone technology basing on WhatsApp. Specifically, the analysis relied on Tecno F1. The methodology used was content analysis whereby Kiswahili directives were examined to check how adequate and effective are they. The criteria considered are comprehension/making sense, availability of vocabulary in Kiswahili dictionaries and in daily use, noun classes, affixation and word order. The analysis showed that vocabulary used in the application is, to some extent, sufficient to serve communication purpose to its users. There are words which are very familiar to the users and others are new. The new ones are formed to fill the commucative blankness which is created by the new discoveries. The results showed further that the formation of the words is in line with Kiswahili word formation processes. Likewise, the investigation showed that some verbs were given new meanings to meet new communication to the WhatsApp users. With regard to grammar, most of directives observed to follow Kiswahili word order and affixation rules. However, there are ungrammatical constructions found, mostly, caused by literal translation. Following these results, the paper suggests more efforts to develop and spread Kiswahili, especially to Tanzanians in order to give the language supremacy to be used in science and technology. The use of Swahili will accelerate the development and economic competitiveness in particular among Tanzanians, Africans and other competitors worldwide.
Makala hii inahusu uchunguzi wa utoshelevu wa mawasiliano kwa Kiswahili katika teknolojia ya SIKANU. Uchunguzi umejikita katika programu tumizi ya SIKANU ijulikanayo kwa jina la WhatsApp na simu ya mkononi aina ya Tecno F1 imetumiwa kama uchunguzi kifani. Utafiti umetumia mkabala wa kitaamuli, ambapo maelezo na maelekezo ya Kiswahili yaliyomo katika WhatsApp yamechunguzwa katika kupima utoshelevuake. Vigezo vilivyotumika kupima utoshelevu wa mawasiliano hayo ni uelewekaji, uwepo wa msamiati katika kamusi za Kiswahili na katika matumizi ya wazungumzaji, ngeli za nomino, mpangilio wa viambishi na wa maneno katika tungo. Uchanganuzi umeonesha kuwa msamiati unaotumika katika WhatsApp, kwa kiasi kikubwa, ni toshelevu kiasi cha kukidhi mawasiliano baina ya watumiaji wake. Kuna msamiati ambao unafahamika na kuzoeleka kwa watumiaji na mwingine ni mapya. Msamiati mpya unaundwa kuziba mwanya wa mawasiliano unaotokana na ugunduzi wa mambo mapya. Kadhalika, matokeo ya utafiti yameonesha kuwa uundaji wa msamiati mpya unaakisi michakato ya uundaji wa maneno ya Kiswahili kwa kiasi kikubwa. Vilevile, matokeo yameonesha kuwa baadhi ya vitenzi vinapatiwa maana mpya ili kukidhi mawasiliano mapya ya watumiaji wa WhatsApp. Kuhusu sarufi, maelezo na maelekezo mengi yameonekana kuzingatia mpangilio wa maneno na kanuni za uambishaji za Kiswahili. Kwa upande mwingine, matokeo ya utafiti yameonesha utosarufi katika miundo ya Kiswahili. Utosarufi huo, kwa kiasi kikubwa, unasababishwa na tafsiri sisisi. Kufuatia matokeo haya, makala hii inapendekeza kwamba Watanzania na Waafrika kwa ujumla wajitihidi kuikuza na kuiendeleza lugha ya Kiswahili ili kuipa umashuhuri zaidi na kuiwezesha kutumika katika nyanja za sayansi na teknolojia. Kwa kufanya hivyo, matumizi ya Kiswahili yataongeza kasi ya maendeleo na ushindani wa kiuchumi miongoni mwa Watanzania, Waafrika na walimwengu wengine.
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Atieno, Onyiso Sachbear, Matthews Muoki, and Kamau Wango. "Creation of Indoor Sculptures Using Metal and Glass Inspired by Selected Swahili Kanga Inscriptions." East African Journal of Arts and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajass.7.1.1782.
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The ‘Kanga’, a colourful printed cloth wrapper, is one of Kenya’s coastal region’s most well-known cultural items and has deep cultural, historic and economic significance. In their creation, the Kangas contain inscriptions on them that propagate sayings, proverbs, and pithy phrases in Kiswahili. The inscriptions are located on the lower border and are frequently surrounded and highlighted by various patterns or background colours. The Swahili inscriptions not only impart specific messages to the viewer but are also used to convey feelings, thoughts, and inspire. Despite sculptures being traditionally used as avenues for artistic expression based on many sources of inspiration, this study found no evidence to indicate that Swahili Kanga inscriptions have been used as inspirations in the creation of sculptures in Kenya. It is envisaged that it is possible to extract meaning from inscriptions and interpret the embedded meaning through a three-dimensional artistic genre such as sculpture from which viewers can draw meaning and visually subscribe to. In view of this gap, this study sought to develop the creation of indoor sculptures placed in public spaces that derived their creative inspiration from selected Swahili inscriptions printed on the Kanga. The sculptures were executed using a combination of metal and glass. The proverbs used in this study were already documented and published and the inherent meaning was therefore already transcribed. Creativity of the artist was applied to generate ‘visual meaning’ based on visual interpretation derived from and responsive, as much as possible, to the meaning contained in the proverb itself. However, the proverbs were purposively selected to best navigate and demonstrate the interpretation process from written to visual. Hence, this study applied an exploratory research design in exploring Swahili inscriptions on Kanga. The paper presents data on sculptural idea development and creation of indoor sculptures
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Ojwang, Frank. "Social injustice in learning of the second language among immigrant children in Finland: conventional narratives and perceptions." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 5 (September 30, 2021): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.002063.
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This is a comparative ethnographic research, comparing the primary school level migrant learners’ performance in the learning of the national language of the host countries in Finland and Tanzania. A response from nine teachers, drawn from Tanzanian International Schools, attended by expats’ children, was collected through structured interviews. Additionally, two In-Depth Interviews, targeting Tanzanian Swahili teachers at the international schools, was conducted using the narration approach. The study uses MAXQDA to comparatively analyze the findings of fourteen research articles on immigrant pupils’ learning challenges of the Finnish language as a second language in Finland, and gathered information from this study’s survey is used to analyze the use of Kiswahili as a second language in Tanzania. The research focuses on a comparative analysis of the learning and use of official languages of the host countries as second languages, used in facilitating learning among primary school learners. In Finland, the official language analyzed is Finnish, whereas in Tanzania, the official language analyzed is Kiswahili. The International schools in Tanzania offer Kiswahili lessons to all learners in primary school as guided by national education policy, whereas all public and international schools in Finland offer Finnish lessons for all learners under the education policy. The responses in both Finland and Tanzania are deconstructed qualitatively to illuminate the similarities and differences between European migrant learners and African migrant learners using a second language for learning, and to further deconstruct the nuanced epistemological injustice against minorities. The theories in this research are derived using the grounded theory approach.
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Kibiki, Magrieth, and Pendo Salu Malangwa. "Dhima za Kipragmatiki za Kialami Pragmatiki ‘ah’ katika Mazungumzo ya Kiswahili." JULACE: Journal of the University of Namibia Language Centre 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/julace.v3i2.1384.
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This study examines the pragmatic functions of the pragmatic markers ah in spoken Kiswahili. The data has been obtained from informal conversations made by Swahili speakers in informal social settings. These include ‘vijiwe vya kahawa’ (setting of informal conversations created around people drinking coffee) and ‘vijiwe vya mamantilie’ (setting of informal conversations around women preparing and selling food on the streets). Using Conversation Analysis (Sacks, 1962) and Contextualization Theory (Gumpers, 1982), the results show that the pragmatic marker ah conveys different meanings depending on context of use and hence has various pragmatic functions. Among the pragmatic functions identified in this article are; to be used as gap filler (the interlocutor is thinking about what to say), is used to start the conversation, is used to disagree with what the other interlocutor has said, to show that the speaker has changed from the state of not knowing to the state of knowing (Now I get you) and to show exclamation. Interestingly, also, the study shows that intonation and other paralinguistic features (like gestures) play a role in determining the pragmatic functions of this marker. Generally, this article concludes that pragmatic markers in spoken Kiswahili are rich in meanings. Therefore, they are wealthy to be investigated.
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Myers-Scotton, Carol. "Ali A. Mazrui & Alamin M. Mazrui, The power of Babel: Language and governance in the African experience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Oxford: James Currey; Kampala: Fountain Publishers; Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers; Cape Town: David Philip, 1998. Pp. xii, 228. Hb $40.00, pb $15.25." Language in Society 29, no. 3 (July 2000): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500333048.
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To understand this book, a little background information helps. I first encountered Ali Mazrui in 1968–70 when I was the first lecturer in linguistics at Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda; Mazrui, a member of the political science faculty, was already a famous orator, acknowledged by all as possessing “a golden tongue.” Since then, he has gone on to become probably the most famous African studies professor in the United States; he was the presenter of the nine-part BBC/PBS television series The Africans: A triple heritage, and he is the author of many books and articles on Africa. He has taught at many universities around the world, and is now director of the Institute of Global Cultural Studies and Albert Schweitzer Professor in the Humanities at the State University of New York at Binghamton. His junior co-author (a relative?), Alamin M. Mazrui, was trained as a linguist and is an associate professor of Black studies at Ohio State University. Both are native speakers of Swahili from Mombasa, Kenya (they prefer to refer to the language as Kiswahili, with its noun class prefix, as it would be if one were speaking the language itself). Kiswahili, of course, is probably the best-known African language; many people in East Africa and other areas (e.g. the Democratic Republic of Congo) speak it as a second language. Furthermore, it is one of the few indigenous languages with official status in an African nation; it is the official language of Tanzania, and the co-official language in Kenya along with English. However, Kiswahili is spoken natively mainly along the East African coastline and on the offshore islands (e.g. Zanzibar), often by persons with a dual Arabic-African heritage similar to that of the Mazruis.
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Telemala, Joseph P., and Hussein Suleman. "Exploring Topic-language Preferences in Multilingual Swahili Information Retrieval in Tanzania." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 20, no. 6 (November 30, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458671.
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Habitual switching of languages is a common behaviour among polyglots when searching for information on the Web. Studies in information retrieval (IR) and multilingual information retrieval (MLIR) suggest that part of the reason for such regular switching of languages is the topic of search. Unlike survey-based studies, this study uses query and click-through logs. It exploits the querying and results selection behaviour of Swahili MLIR system users to explore how topic of search (query) is associated with language preferences—topic-language preferences. This article is based on a carefully controlled study using Swahili-speaking Web users in Tanzania who interacted with a guided multilingual search engine. From the statistical analysis of queries and click-through logs, it was revealed that language preferences may be associated with the topics of search. The results also suggest that language preferences are not static; they vary along the course of Web search from query to results selection. In most of the topics, users either had significantly no language preference or preferred to query in Kiswahili and changed their preference to either English or no preference for language when selecting/clicking on the results. The findings of this study might provide researchers with more insights in developing better MLIR systems that support certain types of users and in certain scenarios.
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Neyole, Eunice Nafula, Fridah A. Miruka, and Deborah N. Amukowa. "Communicating Off-Record Politeness by Use of Non-Usual Stress in Kiswahili Language." African Journal of Empirical Research 4, no. 2 (November 8, 2023): 878–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.88.
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The interpretation of meaning as intended is a major factor to be borne in mind by interlocutors in a communicative event. Though speakers choose strategies that enable communication messages in well-interpreted manner, thereby eliminating ambiguity, the same is not the case in the use of unusual stress, which is normally contrasted. Unusual stress communicates off record by giving out hints. This paper discusses unusual stress as an off-record politeness strategy with particular reference to Kiswahili language that is spoken in Kenya. Bi. Msafwari’s topical discussion from the Swahili community laid the basis for analysis. YouTube files of Mawaidha na Bi. Msafwari (Bi. Msafwari’s topical discussions) were the sources of data. Analysis shows that unusual stress functions as an indirect politeness strategy through its characteristic use of free stress. It changes the intonation of the word in use thereby giving a basis for more than one interpretation of meaning. The non-usual emphasis is a hint that the speaker deliberately conveys to the listener in a given context. This paper concludes that determining the meaning intended in unusual stress is complex. This is because unusual stress has opposing functions within the same statement. It is therefore recommended that detection of the presuppositions in unusual stress can reduce ambiguity and direct the listener’s interpretation toward the intended meaning.
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Lukamika, Kibigo Mary. "How Poetry as A Dual Genre Draws its Themes from the Author’s Origin, History and Setting: A Case Study of Two Selected Kiswahili Poetry Books." East African Journal of Education Studies 4, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajes.4.1.516.
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The study explores how poetry as a dual genre draws its themes from the origin, history and setting or environs of the author in the society. Basically, literature like any other art has its own way of expressing its aesthetic value. This is done through the channel of language. On the other hand, literature has many genres. Despite that, poetry is considered to be the most ancient genre in many communities universally. Poetry, therefore, is a genre that has a dual nature, which implies that it is a genre of both oral and written literature. Kiswahili poetry encompasses itself fully with the society in question, its ideologies, philosophies, traditions, culture, and the general life of the Swahili people without taking into consideration the language in which it was constructed. Therefore, it is not possible to disassociate the Kiswahili poetry from their culture as it is fully drawn from their way of life. Since a people’s culture is enclosed in their language, this study selected two Kiswahili Poetry books through purposive sampling to show how poetry draws its themes from the author’s origin, history, setting, and culture. The selected books were: Sikate Tamaa (Said A. Mohamed) and Dhifa (Euphrase Kezilahabi) The study employed the Hermeneutics theory as interpreted by (Newmark and Michael Forster, 2007) . This theory was very vital to this study as it puts into consideration the words used, the history and culture of the author, context, and specific analysis of the text to come up with the objective of the general text. The study also used textual analysis as well as an observation checklist to analyse data. The study discovered that poetry is rich and has a lot to be desired as far as teaching and depicting the author’s origin, history, and setting in the society is concerned hence drawing the themes from that. This study aimed at highlighting the need for more in-depth research as this can reduce the negative notion that poetry is a hard and complicated genre to some learners and scholars. There is also a need for the poetry learners to identify the history of the author in order to provide a starting point for the analysis in question. Therefore, the study proposes that poems be taught at all levels of learning and their various elements in order to enlighten the Kiswahili and English students, scholars, and researchers.
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B. Bayo, Phaustini, and Beatrice Mark. "Analysis of Congratulation Strategies by Swahili Speakers in Response to Happy Occasions on Facebook Status Updates." July-August 2023 4, no. 4 (August 31, 2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2023v04i04.0307.
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This study investigated congratulatory comments posted on Facebook pages in response to H.E Samia Suluhu Hassan’s historic inauguration as the first female president of the United Republic of Tanzania, to determine strategies used by Kiswahili Facebook users to express their congratulations. Case study design was applied in this study. Data was collected through documentary review, where a sum of 200 congratulatory responses were extracted from selected Facebook accounts. The data were then coded based on Elwood’s (2004) congratulatory framework to obtain frequency and percentage of each strategy. The results showed five strategies for expressing congratulations, arranged from the most frequent to the least frequent: Illocutionary force indicating devices, religious expressions, offers of good wishes, speakers’ expression of their faith to the addressee and expressing encouragement. It is recommended that speakers should be familiar with how to express their congratulations to others based on the addressee’s cultural context as utterances used to express congratulations may differ from one culture to another. Failure to congratulate other people when they have delightful occasion is interpreted as being jealous and uncooperative.
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Ahmed Saleh, Mohamed. "Baquez, Pascal (collectés, traduits et présentés par). – Contes swahili de Kilwa. Hadithi za kiswahili kutoka Kilwa. Contes bilingues." Cahiers d'études africaines 43, no. 171 (January 1, 2003): 668–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.1530.
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Kresse, Kai. "'SWAHILI ENLIGHTENMENT'? EAST AFRICAN REFORMIST DISCOURSE AT THE TURNING POINT: THE EXAMPLE OF SHEIKH MUHAMMAD KASIM MAZRUI." Journal of Religion in Africa 33, no. 3 (2003): 279–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006603322663514.
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AbstractThis article discusses Sheikh Muhammad Kasim Mazrui, an influential yet largely ignored figure within East African Islamic reformism, which shifted from internal to external domination in the second half of the 20th century. His educational booklet 'Hukumu za sharia', written in Kiswahili, is analysed and contextualised. Advising local Muslims, by way of clear argument and reference to authoritative texts, on how to deal with controversial local practices from an Islamic point of view, it pushed for the development of self-reliance, and criticised dependence on Islamic clerics and dignitaries. The text itself displays the rational principles that the reformist movement relied on and propagated, while it also contains hints of a more dogmatic tone that was yet to dominate reformist discourse. Overall, the article establishes a wider comparison in discussing this African Islamic reformism as an 'enlightenment' movement. The focus hereby is on structure rather than substance, as Islamic reform is incompatible with secularism. Common features, however, can be seen in the emphasis on rationality and self-reliance of individual actors, as well as the internal dialectic of the movements, oscillating between liberation and dogmatism.
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Wanjawa, Barack, Lilian Wanzare, Florence Indede, Owen McOnyango, Edward Ombui, and Lawrence Muchemi. "Kencorpus: A Kenyan Language Corpus of Swahili, Dholuo and Luhya for Natural Language Processing Tasks." Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics 36, no. 2 (June 21, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.36.2023.243.
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Indigenous African languages are categorized as under-served in Natural Language Processing. They therefore experience poor digital inclusivity and information access. The processing challenge with such languages has been how to use machine learning and deep learning models without the requisite data. The Kencorpus project intends to bridge this gap by collecting and storing text and speech data that is good enough for data-driven solutions in applications such as machine translation, question answering and transcription in multilingual communities. The Kencorpus dataset is a text and speech corpus for three languages predominantly spoken in Kenya: Swahili, Dholuo and Luhya (three dialects of Lumarachi, Lulogooli and Lubukusu). Data collection was done by researchers who were deployed to the various data collection sources such as communities, schools, media, and publishers. The Kencorpus' dataset has a collection of 5,594 items, being 4,442 texts of 5.6 million words and 1,152 speech files worth 177 hours. Based on this data, other datasets were also developed such as Part of Speech tagging sets for Dholuo and the Luhya dialects of 50,000 and 93,000 words tagged respectively. We developed 7,537 Question-Answer pairs from 1,445 Swahili texts and also created a text translation set of 13,400 sentences from Dholuo and Luhya into Swahili. The datasets are useful for downstream machine learning tasks such as model training and translation. Additionally, we developed two proof of concept systems: for Kiswahili speech-to-text and a machine learning system for Question Answering task. These proofs provided results of a performance of 18.87% word error rate for the former, and 80% Exact Match (EM) for the latter system. These initial results give great promise to the usability of Kencorpus to the machine learning community. Kencorpus is one of few public domain corpora for these three low resource languages and forms a basis of learning and sharing experiences for similar works especially for low resource languages. Challenges in developing the corpus included deficiencies in the data sources, data cleaning challenges, relatively short project timelines and the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that restricted movement and hence the ability to get the data in a timely manner.
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Neyole, Eunice Nafula, Fridah Miruka, and Deborah N. Amukowa. "Contrastive Stress as an off-Record Politeness Strategy: An Analysis of Swahili and Lubukusu Languages." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.71007.
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Interpretation of the intended meaning is an important factor to be considered by the interlocutors in any communicative event. Although a speaker chooses a strategy that enables the communication of the message in a well-interpreted manner, there by eliminating ambiguity, the same does not arise in the use of contrastive stress. Contrastive stress is a strategy that communicates off record politeness by giving out hints. This paper discusses contrastive stress as an off-record politeness strategy with reference to Kiswahili and Lubukusu languages. The Politeness theory founded by Brown & Levinson (1978) and later developed by them in 1987 was adopted for this study. Manguliechi’s oration from the Babukusu community and Bi. Msafwari’s oration from the Swahili community were the basis for analysis. This study relied on library recordings of Manguliechi’s orature and YouTube files of Mawaidhana Bi. Msafwari (Bi. Msafwari’s counsel). Analysis indicates that contrastive stress can function as an indirect politeness strategy through it’s characteristic use of free stress. Contrastive stress changes the intonation of the word in use thus giving a basis for more than one interpretation of meaning. The unusual emphasis is a hint which the speaker deliberately gives to the hearer in a given context. The paper concludes that identifying the intended meaning in contrastive stress is complex. The complexity arises due to the fact that contrastive stress has opposing functions within the same statement. This paper recommends that detection of the presuppositions in contrastive stress can reduce ambiguity and direct the hearer’s interpretation toward the intended meaning.
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Ricard, Alain. "Bertoncini Zúbkovà (Elena), Kiswahili kwa Furaha. Corso di lingua swahili. Rome : Aracne, 2009, vol. 1 : 390 p., vol. 2 :405 p. – ISBN 8854826812." Études littéraires africaines, no. 29 (2010): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027533ar.
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Kileng’a, Aron. "An Investigation into the Sociolinguistics of Asu Personal Names in Same, Tanzania." July to September 2020 1, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2020v01i02.0018.
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Many Ethnic Community Languages (ECLs) in Tanzania are demographically and socioculturally pressured mainly by Kiswahili and English to a lesser extent. The ECLs which were previously used in elementary education, local administration and religious activities currently do not have any place in any official domain and thus are limited to home and other few immediate domains. Due to this unequal coexistence of the languages, many ECLs are considered endangered, calling for efforts from stakeholders to prevent the death of such a precious cultural heritage. By documenting the social aspects of Asu personal names, this paper is a contribution to such initiatives like The Languages of Tanzania Project aiming at documenting Tanzanian ECLs in every possible area and means. The paper used participant observation, in-depth interview and self-intuition to investigate personal names of a Bantu speaking people called Vaasu (Asu) of Northern Tanzania, considering naming as an important aspect of the society. The paper looked at Asu names within the purview of linguistic anthropology considering names as not being arbitrary labels but sociocultural tags that have sociocultural functions and meanings. By using thematic analysis technique, the paper analysed and discussed the typology of the names including family names, circumstantial names, theophorous names, flora and fauna names, to mention but a few. The paper further examined the changing nature of Asu naming system and practice as dictated by cultural contact mainly with Swahili and Christian/ western culture. The paper eventually recommends for further investigation on issues surrounding naming practices and strategic measures to prevent this important African cultural resource.
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Papilaya, Patrich Phill Edrich. "Aplikasi Google Earth Engine Dalam Menyediakan Citra Satelit Sumberbedaya Alam Bebas Awan." MAKILA 16, no. 2 (November 12, 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/makila.v16i2.6586.
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translator
Ketersediaan Citra Satelit yang berkualitas menjadi salah satu syarat keberhasilan penelitian sumberdaya alam, secara khusus dibidang kehutanan. Google Earth Engine (GEE) adalah salah satu platform berbasis awan (cloud) yang disediakan oleh Google. GEE bekerja berbasis Bahasa program Java Script. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi GEE mampu menyediakan citra satelit yang memiliki tutupan awan sangat rendah atau bebas awan (clouds free). Aplikasi GEE merupakan salah satu solusi penelitian sumberdaya alam terutama pada pulau-pulau kecil di Provinsi Maluku.
Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - العربية
Armenian - Հայերէն
Azerbaijani - azərbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - беларуская
Bengali - বাংলা
Bulgarian - български
Catalan - català
Chinese - 中文（简体中文）
Chinese - 中文 (繁體中文)
Croatian - hrvatski
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Slovenian - slovenščina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
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Urdu - اردو
Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - יידיש
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33
Ndong Ndong, Yannick Martial. "Robert (Shaaban), Autobiographie d’un écrivain swahili. Traduit du kiswahili par François Devenne. Préface de Xavier Garnier. Paris : Karthala, coll. Lettres du Sud, 2010, 144 p. – ISBN 978-2-8111-0221-0." Études littéraires africaines, no. 29 (2010): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027528ar.
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Wirananda Setiawan, Nyoman Budhi, I. Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum, I. Wayan Eka Sutyawan, and Deasy Sucicahyati Mendala. "Terapi Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma." E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 11, no. 3 (April 5, 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2022.v11.i03.p17.
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Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - ???????????
Armenian - ???????
Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - ??????????
Bengali - ?????
Bulgarian - ?????????
Catalan - català
Chinese - ????????
Chinese - ?? (????)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - ?eština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ???????
German - Deutsch
Greek - ????????
Gujarati - ???????
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - ?????????
Hindi - ??????
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - ???
Kannada - ?????
Korean - ???
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvi?
Macedonian - ??????????
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - ?????????
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - român?
Russian - ???????
Serbian - ??????
Slovak - sloven?ina
Slovenian - slovenš?ina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - ?????
Telugu - ??????
Thai - ???
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - ??????????
Urdu - ????????
Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - ?????
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Latar Belakang: Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma adalah salah satu jenis secondary open-angle glaucoma yang disebabkan oleh akumulasi protein fibril pada trabecular meshwork. Obat, bedah, laser, atau kombinasi terapi merupakan pilihan terapi yang tersedia saat ini. Review sistematik ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa terapi-terapi tersebut terhadap tekanan intraokular serta komplikasi/efek samping pada pasien dengan pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Metode: Kami mengambil sumber data berupa studi primer dari database elektronik yaitu MEDLINE dan Cochrane dalam rentang tahun 2010-2020, berbahasa Inggris, dengan desain studi clinical trial atau observasional. Setelah dilakukan ekstraksi data maka dilanjutkan dengan penilaian terhadap abstrak, desain studi, partisipan, outcome, risk of bias, dan strength of evidence. Hasil: Outcome dalam penelitian sangat bervariasi yang kami kelompokkan menjadi dua variabel yaitu tekanan intraokular dan komplikasi/efek samping. Rata-rata penurunan TIO berkisar antara 4,71 mmHg (dengan SLT pada perilimbus) hingga 14,00 mmHg (dengan trabekulektomi + bevacizumab). Komplikasi yang umum ditemui yaitu inflamasi pada anterior chamber. Limitasi: Banyak studi memaparkan outcome yang heterogen dan beberapa partisipan penelitian tidak murni menggunakan pasien pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Kesimpulan: Beberapa terapi obat, bedah, laser, maupun kombinasi untuk pseudoexfoliation glaucoma efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan intraokular. Meskipun demikian, perlu adanya perhatian untuk dokter umum maupun dokter spesialis mata terkait beberapa komplikasi yang dapat muncul akibat terapi-terapi tersebut.
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Irawan, Angeline Aprilia, Yukhi Kurniawan, Bagus Komang Satriyasa, and I. Gusti Ayu Widianti. "PENGARUH TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID DAN LEMAK PADA TUBUH." E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 11, no. 4 (April 25, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2022.v11.i04.p12.
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Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - ???????????
Armenian - ???????
Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - ??????????
Bengali - ?????
Bulgarian - ?????????
Catalan - català
Chinese - ????????
Chinese - ?? (????)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - ?eština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ???????
German - Deutsch
Greek - ????????
Gujarati - ???????
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - ?????????
Hindi - ??????
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - ???
Kannada - ?????
Korean - ???
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvi?
Macedonian - ??????????
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - ?????????
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - român?
Russian - ???????
Serbian - ??????
Slovak - sloven?ina
Slovenian - slovenš?ina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - ?????
Telugu - ??????
Thai - ???
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - ??????????
Urdu - ????????
Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - ?????
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After turning 40 years old, testosterone hormone in men will decrease, but some data regarding the effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) on cardiovascular safety is still controversial. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of TRT on lipid profile and body fat in men with Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) which affects the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
The literature search was performed on the database, such as PubMed and Wiley Online Library and also additional manual searches were performed on the reference list of related studies. The identified articles were selected according to the eligibility criteria. A total of four articles were used in this systematic review and the quality of the study was assessed using the Jadad score.
From the four studies that is used, four study discussed the effect of TRT on lipid profiles and two studies discussed the effect of TRT on body fat. On the administration of testosterone gel 50mg/day, all lipid profiles improved after nine months of intervention. However, with IM testosterone after one year, the improvement was only partial. All studies discussing the effect of TRT on body fat showed uniform results, namely a decrease in fat percentage.
The results obtained by the studies included in this systematic review suggest that TRT can improve lipid profiles and also decrease body fat in men with LOH.
36
Githiora, Chege. "Oswald Almasi , Michael David Fallon and Nazish Pardhan Wared , Swahili Grammar for Introductory and Intermediate Levels (Sarufi ya Kiswahili cha Ngazi ya Kwanza na Kati). Lanham MD: University Press of America (pb US$49.99 – 978 0 7618 6381 6). 2014, 462 pp." Africa 87, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 424–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972016001078.
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Sheila Pamela Wandera- Simwa. "Mafumbo ya mwanamke katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka." Eastern Africa Journal of Kiswahili (EAJK) 4, no. 1 (September 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/eajk.v4i1.245.
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Ikisiri Azma kuu ya makala hii ni kuchanganua mafumbo ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa kipindi hicho. Kwa kutumia mashairi teule ya Muyaka, sura ya mwanamke huyo inabainishwa. Mwandishi anaongozwa na nadharia ya uhalisia hasa mhimili wa lugha unaosisitiza kuwa lugha sharti iambatane na wakati wake ili iweze kueleweka na wasemaji wake kimuktadha na kimatumizi. Mbali na kudurusu makala muhimu maktabani, mtafiti kwa kuelekezwa, alikwenda nyanjani kuwahoji Waswahili kuhusu utamaduni wao, hususan ule wa karne ya kumi na tisa. Katika makala hii, imedhihirika wazi kwamba, picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili inayochorwa katika mashairi teule ya Muyaka ina misingi yake katika utamaduni wa Waswahili wa karne hiyo. Makala hii itasaidia katika kuelewesha picha ya mwanamke wa Kiswahili wa karne ya kumi na tisa kama alivyosawiriwa katika ushairi wa Kiswahili wa karne hiyo. Maneno muhimu: Mafumbo, uhalisia, utamaduni, shairi. Abstract The main objective of this paper is to analyse puzzles depicting the Swahili woman of the 19th century as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of that era. Using Muyaka’s selected poems and employing the realism theory, this research identified several puzzles through the terminologies used, that contextualiSed and depicted the Swahili Woman of the 19th Century. The researcher used both library and field research. It is clear that the image of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the puzzles of the selected poems of Muyaka emanates from the Swahili culture of the 19th Century. This paper gives a clear understanding of the Swahili woman as portrayed in the Kiswahili poetry of the 19th Century. Key terms: Puzzles, Realism, Culture, Poem.
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Aiello, Flavia, and Rosanna Tramutoli. "KIU (Kiswahili–Italiano-UniOr): The UniOr online Dictionary for Italian L1 Swahili Learners." Lexikos 33 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5788/33-1-1798.
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KIU is an online bilingual Swahili–Italian dictionary with about 6000 entries aimed primarily at Italian L1 Swahili learners and which has been developed at the University of Naples 'L'Orientale'. The project was started in 2003 by M. Toscano and developed with the collaboration of language experts and young researchers until 2009 with the aim of offering online lexical resources from Swahili to Italian for learners of the language. After a long interruption, the work was resumed in 2019 by the authors of this article in cooperation with M. Toscano and a team of expert IT technicians. The current work consists of the development ex novo of the dictionary software, which had become obsolete, along with a redesign of some lexicographic features. In this report we will show how the upgraded version of the dictionary software has been implemented, with relevant learner-oriented features, by taking into consideration the standard lexicographic characteristics of Swahili–Italian bilingual dictionaries. This dictionary represents a valuable support for L2 learners and is the only on-line Swahili–Italian dictionary expressly built for university students and Italian users at large. Keywords: Swahili, Italian, online dictionary, learners, lexicography
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Saavedra Casco, José Arturo. "“Swahili estándar“: ¿una categoría prevalente?" Estudios de Asia y África, September 1, 2008, 685–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/eaa.v43i3.1832.
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Este texto se basa principalmente en mi experiencia de varios años, primero como estudiante de swahili y luego como catedrático en el Centro de Estudios de Asia y África en el Colegio de México. En primer lugar, debo decir que, infortunadamente, las referencias a temas africanos en Latinoamérica son sumamente escasas, además de tendenciosas y estereotipadas. Por ello, cuando empecé a estudiar swahili bajo la supervisión de un maestro congoleño originario de Bukavu, no tenía idea de las grandes diferencias regionales que existen entre los dialectos del swahili que pueden encontrarse en los países donde se habla esta lengua. Tampoco sabía que el swahili es la lengua materna de un pequeño porcentaje de sus hablantes ni que el vocabulario de cada zona está sujeto a la influencia de las lenguas locales. Así, el profesor nos presentó el dialecto denominado kingwana como uno de los principales y más empleados, mientras que la variante costeña se definió como una versión “arabizada” de la lengua, que al parecer tendía a diluirse frente a la expansión del swahili más bantuizado y “africano” que él promovía. No fue sino hasta mi primer viaje a Kenia y Tanzania cuando me di cuenta de que, para las personas de esos países, el kingwana era una versión extraña de la lengua; también conocí el concepto llamado “swahili estándar” o kiswahili sanifu. Por supuesto, es de esperarse que todas las personas consideren que su propio dialecto es el más correcto y adecuado. Sin embargo, también es cierto que actualmente las diferencias regionales y los cambios en el vocabulario provocados por las nuevas generaciones han hecho del swahili estándar un concepto cuestionable en cuanto norma o modelo para el uso propio y correcto de la lengua. Por tanto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los orígenes y la historia del swahili estándar y también dar un ejemplo de los grandes contrastes entre algunos dialectos para demostrar la poca influencia que esta variante ejerce en dialectos como el kingwana. También se analizarán las significativas modificaciones en el vocabulario swahili que se habla en África oriental. Además, se intenta reconsiderar la función actual del Taasisi ya Uchunguzi wa Kiswahili (Instituto de Investigación Kiswahili) como heredero del Comité Swahili de África Oriental, que creó e implementó el concepto. Por último, se cuestiona si aún es válido hablar del swahili estándar como el modelo para el uso correcto y apropiado de la lengua y para los libros de texto para su enseñanza.
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Mulokozi, Mugyabuso M. "A Survey of Kiswahili Literature: 1970-1988." Afrika Focus 8, no. 1 (March 7, 1992). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/af.v8i1.5850.
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A survey is given of the development of Kiswahili written literature during the past two decades. Particular attention is given to (a) the rise of the socially critical literature, (b) the emergence of experimental forms of literature, (c) the growing popularity of pop'fiction, (d) the continued development of the nationalistic-cum- cultural novel and (e) the quantitative and qualitative growth of Kiswahili translations. All this is placed against the background of East-African cultural and political developments since Independence.KEY WORDS: Tanzania, Swahili, literature (poetry, drama, fiction), East African historical and political development
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Joshi, Jagdish, and Obadia Y. Mbilinyi. "KINGA NOUN CLASSES AND THEIR SEMANTICS." Towards Excellence, March 31, 2023, 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37867/te150116.
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Kinga is one of the endangered languages in Tanzania. This study is on Kinga noun classes. It is important as it adds knowledge to the studies on Bantu languages. The qualitative approach was used in the study and data were collected by an unstructured interview. From the observation by the researcher, Kinga has 19 noun classes. Most of the classes have no immanent nouns completely belonging to a particular class, different nouns like animals, objects and geographical features can fit to different classes. Class one and two are the only classes that have defined nouns belonging to them; they are nouns referring to human beings. In some classes the nouns lack the prefix, the augment is used instead. There are wonderful semantic features in Kinga noun prefixes. Prefixes can communicate lot of information. The prefixes can communicate behavioral aspects of an individual. Kinga is endangered by Kiswahili. Kiswahili lexicon has penetrated Kinga language. Many Kiswahili words are used in Kinga. The contacts between the two languages endanger Kinga. An account of Kinga language is very minimal. With exception of the book by Schaderberg (1973) about Kinga being a restricted tone system, Kinga language can only be read in the religious books including the New Testament in Kinga written by SIL international. The researcher recommends documenting Kinga and other vernacular languages in Tanzania. It is vital for the future linguistic history. Syntactical, morphological, phonological, semantic and other aspects of language should be documented. Swahili may have a treasure from which lexicon may be added to Swahili instead of taking words from Arabic. Swahili is a Bantu language.
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Ndunguru, Atanas. "Phonological Adaption of Swahili Loanword in Matengo Language." International Journal online of Humanities, April 12, 2024, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijohmn.v11i2.280.
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The study investigates the phonological adaptation of Kiswahili loaned words in Matengo Language, with specific objectives, namely: to examine the underlying structure and surface structure of the loaned Swahili words in Matengo Language and to assess the phonological processes involved in the loaned Swahili words in Matengo Language. The study was guided by the Generative theory. Data were collected through interviews and documentary reviews, employing a descriptive approach. Ten adult native speakers of Matengo language were sampled from Mbinga District and those residing in Dar es Salaam using non-probability sampling (purposive). The study revealed that borrowing across languages shares commonality in phonological processes, although there is variation in the environments where the processes take place. Several strategies for phonological processes were identified in the adaptation of Swahili loaned words in Matengo: substitution, vowel deletion, adoption or structure preservation, insertion, homorganic nasal assimilation, devoicing, and stopping.
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Nassenstein, Nico, and Paulin Baraka Bose. "Morphological features of Kiswahili youth language(s): Evidence from Dar es Salaam, Goma, Lubumbashi and Nairobi." Linguistics Vanguard 6, s4 (December 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2019-0034.
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Abstract Since the late 1980s, linguists’ analyses of Sheng, the urban youth language from Nairobi, have led to the growth of a considerable body of literature. In contrast, only a few studies are available that cover other youth registers from the Kiswahili-speaking parts of Africa. While most of the available studies either deal with techniques of manipulation or with adolescents’ identity constructions, our paper intends to give a comparative overview of specific morphological features of Kiswahili-based youth languages. While certain characteristics of Sheng (Nairobi/Kenya), Lugha ya Mitaani (Dar es Salaam/Tanzania), Kindubile (Lubumbashi/DR Congo) and Yabacrâne (Goma/DR Congo) largely diverge from East Coast Swahili (hereafter ECS) in regard to their nominal and verbal morphology, they all share specific features. Focusing on (apparent) supra-regional developments and changes in Kiswahili, this preliminary description of some structural features that transcend all four youth language practices aims to provide comparative insights into urban register variation, approaching East African youth languages from a micro-typological perspective.
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Nyabunga, Vince A. "An Evaluation of Cultural Concepts in Swahili Translated Texts: An Example of Walioteuliwa by White." Journal of the Kenya National Commission for UNESCO 4, no. 2 (July 23, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.62049/jkncu.v4i2.130.
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This paper evaluated the cultural religious translated concepts in Walioteuliwa This book is read and studied among the SDA believers and interpreted differently among the same believers of same denomination. The objective of the study was to evaluate the difficulties in translating cultural concepts from English into Kiswahili. The study was qualitative and quantitative. Therefore, following cultural concepts were analyzed: ecological, material culture, religious concepts, linguistic concepts, figures of speech and proverbs. Seven SDA churches were purposefully selected to take part in the study. The respondents filled questionnaires and the leaders were interviewed. The actual sample size was 140 participants. Thus, 42 church leaders and 98 church goers were involved. Participants who read and write in Kiswahili only participated in the study. The skopos theory guided this research. It states that the process of translation is determined by the function of its product. Thus, that function is specified by the addressee. The results of this study showed that the strategies used by the translator posed problems in translated cultural concepts among the readers of the selected text. Therefore, this study contributed to the understanding and interpreting of cultural concepts in religious texts.