Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kivu'
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Matondo, Kanga. "Contribution à l'analyse psycho-sociale de l'influence des activités du guérisseur traditionnel dans le milieu rural zaïrois: cas spécifique de la société Lega du Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213413.
Full textBrignol, Christian. "Circulation et transports dans le Kivu zaïrois." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30014.
Full textThe development of the thesis was structured into five parts - the first part is dedicated to a study of regional data and different exploitation forms in the regional environment and also accomplished by an analysis of the economic exchanges in the kivu area. - the second part deals with present infracstructure of transporta- tion, including a particular regional form: human transport of goods. - the third part draws up a qualitative and quantitative balance sheet of the regional traffic (roads, tracks, lacustrian and aerial transport). - the forth part devotes itself to a detailed study of connection between the principal agent of transport, which is the road and the region, particularly its impact on local activities (agriculture, trade, etc. ). - finally the fifth part endeavours to evaluate the perspectives which offer themselves to the region and the possible solutions of an improvement of the exchanges. The conclusion presents a chart of priorities resulting in this prospective analysis
Brignol, Christian. "Circulation et transports dans le Kivu zairois." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375964389.
Full textMorelle, Thibaut. "Conservation et développement en République Démocratique du Congo : pour une approche participative des espaces protégés au Kivu oriental, le cas des chefferies de Bwisha (Nord Kivu) et de Kabare (Sud Kivu)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30016.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of projects integrating nature conservation and development in the Democratic Republic of Congo on the eastern part of Kivu, in the movement of participatory approaches which have developed since the 1980s within multilateral cooperation projects. We highlight the areas with conservation issues that are the object of integrated conservation and focus a diversity of actors around the management of natural resources. These articulations focus on the waterfront areas of the Virunga and Kahuzi Biega national parks, particularly in the Bwisha and Kabare chiefdoms. However, these regions face several aggravating situations: high population density, difficult socio-economic conditions in which people live, characterized by a lack of land and poverty. Those involved in conservation must take into account these factors and then the various forms of conflict which may affect the peripheries and protected areas. Conservation is organised around a central/peripheral opposition between protected natural areas to be conserved, and riparian areas conducive to human activities.However, it engenders methods of management, of development sometimes out of step with the populations, and in particular local land practices; this can be at the origin of power relations, conflicts in the management of protected areas and constitute obstacles to the participation of local populations in conservation activities. At the heart of this research is the study of integrated conservation in national parks and the associated management arrangements
Assaghle, Peter Stephen. "Vulnérabilité des femmes et violences dans la région des Grands Lacs africains : cas des femmes du Grand Kivu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0120.
Full textSince the 1990s, the two (2) provinces of Kivu are experiencing profound instability as result not only of the dismantling of the Congolese state and its institutions, but also of the regional clashes taking place on their soil and devastating them. These disorders create diverse violences that women of Great Kivu find difficult to resist. They are exposed to denial of their rights and to several attacks on their integrity, the climax of which is reached when clashes arise. This vulnerability is the central question of our work. It is therefore interested, on the one hand, in the demonstration of realities underlying the weakness of these women, on the other hand, in the analysis of the glaring deficiencies in their protection, despite of the adoption by DRC of regional and international conventions protecting women’s rights
Rwabuhungu, Rwatangabo Digne. "Etude du comportement biogéochimique du carbone dans le lac Kivu au nord-ouest du Rwanda." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210422.
Full textLe Rift Est-Africain comprend plusieurs grands lacs, dont le lac Kivu situé entre 1°34’
et 2°30’ de latitude Sud et compris entre 28°50’ et 29°23’ de longitude Est. Ce lac,
localisé au nord-ouest du Rwanda à la frontière avec la République Démocratique du
Congo, présente une spécificité unique au monde: ses eaux profondes contiennent
une gigantesque quantité de gaz dissous (3/4 de dioxyde de carbone (CO2), 1/4 de
gaz méthane (CH4)).
Les études antérieures indiquent que les eaux du lac Kivu présentent une structure
stratifiée particulière qui se décline en 13 couches dans le bassin principal. Nous
avons établi une nouvelle stratification, en quatre couches de la colonne d’eau dans
ce bassin sur base des données physico-chimiques mais aussi, en tenant compte
tout particulièrement du comportement biogéochimique du carbone. Cette structure
simplifiée permettra une meilleure évaluation de l’impact environnemental et une
gestion durable de l’exploitation du gisement de gaz méthane du lac Kivu.
Un suivi détaillé de plusieurs paramètres physico-chimiques, biogéochimiques ainsi
que des éléments majeurs, mineurs et en trace, présents dans le bassin principal du
lac, dans sa partie rwandaise en un point fixe au large de Kibuye, durant la petite
saison sèche, apporte un éclairage plus précis de leur distribution dans la colonne
d’eau. Une étude de la variation spatio-temporelle de ces paramètres est réalisée
aussi bien à Kibuye qu’à Gisenyi et ce durant les différentes saisons pour, entre
autres, servir de base de données nécessaire à toute comparaison ultérieure.
L’origine des gaz dissous dans le lac Kivu a fait l’objet de plusieurs études et
hypothèses. Les deux principaux gaz dissous du lac ont un élément biogéochimique
en commun: le carbone. Par des mesures isotopiques et par comparaison avec le
système limnologique du lac Tanganyika voisin, la correspondance de l’allure
générale de la distribution comparée du carbone inorganique dissous (DIC), de
l’alcalinité totale et du δ13CDIC dans les deux lacs indique notamment que les
processus à l’origine du gaz méthane du lac Kivu ne sont pas liés au magmatisme, ni
à des phénomènes thermocatalytiques. Nous pensons que le carbone, et par
conséquent le gaz méthane du lac Kivu, est d’origine phytoplanctonique.
L’explication par une étude hydrogéologique et pédologique de l’origine de la
stratification pérenne de la colonne d’eau du lac Kivu constitue un point de vue
intéressant. Une autre perspective serait, celle visant à établir par des données
biogéochimiques, le taux de régénération du gaz méthane du lac Kivu afin d’en
déterminer la durée d’exploitabilité réelle.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Cloete, Jacob. "The politics of belonging and a contest for survival: Rethinking the conflict in North and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6808.
Full textI set out to rethink the ongoing conflict in North Kivu and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). I highlight two problems with regards to the current conceptualisation of the conflict in North Kivu and South Kivu. The first is a theoretical problem and here I demonstrate that the Banyarwanda and Banyamulenge’s quest for belonging has so far been restricted to citizenship. Congolese Banyarwanda and the Banyamulenge find themselves in a peculiar situation, at various times in the postcolonial Congolese state they had recognition from above but lacked recognition from below. It is in this context that a politics of belonging developed. The second problem is with regards to the history of the conflict. I argue that most scholarly works take the 1993 conflict in North Kivu as the starting point of the conflict, but the conflict can be traced back to an earlier date. It was with this in mind that I pose the following question: Can the conflict in North and South Kivu in the DRC be considered as a politics of belonging between indigenous Congolese and Kinyarwanda speaking Congolese, and a contest for survival between Hutu and Tutsi elites?
Habiyaremye, Muhashy X. M. K. "Etude phytocoenologique de la dorsale orientale du lac Kivu (Rwanda)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212595.
Full textBahizire, Namegabe Esto. "Anémie en milieu rural au Sud-Kivu :contribution du paludisme et de la carence en fer. Anemia in rural South Kivu: contribution of malaria and iron deficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273054.
Full textExecutive summary IntroductionAnemia is a worldwide public health concern, which is particularly prevalent in low and middle-income countries, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It affects mostly pregnant women and preschool children and is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. During pregnancy, anemia is associated with poor birth outcomes and can negatively affect maternal health. In children, anemia can also alter physical and mental development if not corrected quickly. It is generally assumed that iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia, thus that assumption had influenced control strategies suggested by the World Health Organization. However, in the Kivu region, there is little information on the aetiologies of anemia and the contribution of malaria and that of iron deficiency in the aetiology of anemia is unknown. The overall goal of this thesis was to contribute to the study of the burden of anemia and its relationship with malaria and iron deficiency in rural South Kivu.MethodsThe data are from three epidemiological studies carried out between 2010 and 2014 in the rural health zone of Miti-Murhesa in the South Kivu province in eastern DRC. There were two cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal prospective study. In the latter, pregnant women were enrolled during the second trimester of pregnancy at their first prenatal visit (ANV1) and followed-up until delivery. One of the two cross-sectional studies also enrolled pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy at their ANV1 and the second consisted of a two-stage cluster study at community level in apparently healthy preschool children.ResultsThe prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 17.6% and that of iron deficiency (adjusted ferritin) was 8%. Malaria was present in 7.5% and hypoalbuminemia in 44% of subjects. Soluble transferrin receptor concentration was higher in the presence of malaria. Factors significantly associated with anemia were malaria [ORa: 11.24 (4.98-25.37); P < 0.001], hypoalbuminemia [ORa: 2.14 (1.27-3.59); P = 0.004] and high values of the C reactive protein [ORa: 1.94 (1.10-3.45); P = 0.022]. Iron deficiency was not common and was not significantly associated with anemia.The median value (IQR) of serum ferritin concentration (adjusted for inflammation) was higher in the presence of malaria compared to non-infected women [82.9 μg/L (56.3-130.4) vs 39.8 μg/L (23.6-60.8 ); P < 0.001]. Malaria was more common in women without iron deficiency [ORa 6.25 (1.47-26.57); P = 0.021] and in those who did not use insecticide-treated mosquito nets [ORa 2.24 (1.12-4.51); P = 0.024].At admission in the prospective study, 9.5% of women in the cohort had malaria infection. After logistic regression, malaria was higher in primigravidae, among women with low socioeconomic status and those living at an altitude of less than 1683 m; the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) were [2.55 (1.05-6.19); P = 0.039]; [4.78 (1.36-16.76); P = 0.033] and [2.34 (1.10-5.02); P = 0.029], respectively.Still at admission in the same study, the prevalence of anemia was 32%. This was more common in malaria-infected women [ORa: 4.20 (2.00-8.80); P < 0.001] and in those who were not dewormed within the last 3 months prior to admission into the study [ORa: 2.33 (1.25-4.35); P = 0.008]. At delivery, low birth weight (LBW) was present in 6.5% of new-borns. Predictors of LBW were the lack of use of ITN [ORa: 4.17 (1.15-14.28); P = 0.030], a low height (< 150 cm) of the mother [ORa: 5.56 (2.01-15.33); P = 0.001] and the presence of maternal anemia at ANV1 [ORa: 4.08 (1.50-11.10); P = 0.006].In pre-school children, anemia was present in 46.6% and the prevalence of iron deficiency among anemic children was 16.5%. In children without inflammation, iron deficiency was 4.4% (unadjusted ferritin). Logistic regression analysis revealed that anemia was significantly and independently associated with iron deficiency [ORa: 4.10 (2.41-6.96); P < 0.001], with fever during the last two weeks before the survey [ORa: 1.58 (1.00-2.50); P = 0.049] and with a low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) [ORa: 1.87 (1.18-2.94); P = 0.006]. In a second model that excluded children with iron deficiency, history of fever in the last two weeks before the survey [ORa: 1.62 (1.00-2.62); P = 0.05] and a low MUAC [ORa: 1.96 (1.24-3.13); P = 005] were significantly and independently associated with anemia.ConclusionAnemia is common in rural South Kivu but the contribution of iron deficiency is low. However, other nutritional deficiencies are associated: hypoalbuminemia in pregnant women and low MUAC in preschool children. Malaria, other infections, inflammatory conditions as well as lack of deworming are also other factors that were associated with anemia. In pregnant women, lack of prevention against malaria by ITNs before ANV1, presence of anemia at ANV1, and low maternal height were predictors of LBW.Integrated control of malaria and other infectious diseases as well as improving nutritional status are among vulnerable factors in the short- and middle-term to reduce the burden of anemia in South Kivu. This, in turn, will help to reduce the incidence of LBW.There is need for further research to (i) identify other causes of anemia including hemoglobinopathies and other genetic disorders, (ii) improve knowledge of the best strategies for controlling anemia by integrating prevention of malaria in an environment where there is a relatively high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies and other genetic abnormalities that may alter erythropoiesis and/or iron metabolism.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Pottek, Élias. "Communal conflict and the geopolitics of land, ethnicity and territoriality in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19522.
Full textAsiedu, Charlotte. "Environmental Review of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations for Sustainability, Kivu, DR Congo." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20216.
Full textLorenzini, Muriel. "Ethnologie, missiologie et développement : l'action missionnaire catholique dans la région Kivu (Zaïre)." Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE2011.
Full textAccused of having supported the establishment of the colonial regime and of having reinforced its structures, the mission is now redirecting its objectives. Actively participating in the development scheme is one of the essential elements of missiology today. The task of the mission is particularly important in a country such as Zaïre, whre the state organization is insufficient, the infrastructure in desintegration, and the largest part of the population living in conditions which are becoming more and more difficult. It remains to be seen if the suppleance role taken on by the mission and the conception of development which its represents, constitute an effective contribution in the development of the distrcit we proposed to study. On the other hand, the function performed by the mission on the cultural level is ambiguous : in its eagerness to trigger off a change in the mentality, through "concientization", the mission is not always able to protect itself from the traps of ethnocentrism and paternalism. Finally, through its action, from the beginning, in the dynamics of the contacts between cultures, as well through the position it ahas chosen to hold in the contemporary world, christianity fits in - in a privileged way - with the question of the heterocultural situation which characterizes the different countries of black Africa
Bwenge, Mwaka Arsène. "Conflits, conflictualité et processus identitaires au Nord-Kivu : comprendre l'institutionnalisation des violences." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0022.
Full textLorenzini, Muriel. "Ethnologie, missiologie et développement l'action missionnaire catholique dans la région Kivu, Zaïre." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599254q.
Full textLosseau-Hoebeke, Michèle. "The biology of four haplochromine species of Lake Kivu (Zaïre) with evolutionary implications." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005082.
Full textZobel, Thierry. "Les retombées du génocide rwandais : analyse géopolitique de l'instabilité perpétuelle du Nord-Kivu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080029.
Full textTwenty years after the Rwanda genocide, the fallout from this tragedy is still leaving a profound mark on North Kivu. Since 1994, this province has continued to suffer from the repercussions in a region where community rivalry was already close to flashpoint. In fact, the region has become a condensed representation of regional geopolitics where all the players in the crisis are the heirs of the Rwanda genocide. A geopolitical study of the region, with in-depth research focussing on the northern province running mainly from 1990 to 2007, offers an analysis of the period during which local conflict worsened and took on a national bias before expanding onto a regional level with the involvement of foreign national players. The causes of perpetual instability in North Kivu are multifaceted – the riches in its subsoil combined with world demand for mineral raw materials explains the causal relationship between the unlawful exploitation of mining resources and continued warfare, namely that war is a continuation of the economy by other means. It has also been marked by the non-existence or even inconsistency of the Congo State, the extremely high density of population in this region, porous colonial frontiers, the exacerbation of ethnic tension and the pressure of land scarcity and the profusion of armed militia opposing a powerless United Nations. But the regional aims of Rwanda remain central to the instability in North Kivu. Kigali has been able to fully take advantage of and exploit the guilt of the international community for not reacting at the time of the genocide. This feeling of impunity due to “credit for the genocide” is notably made possible by the goodwill of the international community and support from the “friends of the New Rwanda”, starting with the United States. Rwanda has always claimed a threat from ex-FAR troops and Interahamwe militia to justify its direct or indirect presence in the field. Nonetheless, the FDLR (Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda) nowadays seem far from representing an actual threat to Rwanda but still remain an easy pretext to justify the interference of their troops in North Kivu. The direct consequence of permanent destabilisation of the province is ultimately the establishment of a form of “shared sovereignty” that has given Rwanda the possibility – directly up to 2002 and then indirectly up to the present time – to take full advantage of the “slice of the pie” represented by this territory
Zobel, Thierry. "Les retombées du génocide rwandais : analyse géopolitique de l'instabilité perpétuelle du Nord-Kivu." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080029.
Full textTwenty years after the Rwanda genocide, the fallout from this tragedy is still leaving a profound mark on North Kivu. Since 1994, this province has continued to suffer from the repercussions in a region where community rivalry was already close to flashpoint. In fact, the region has become a condensed representation of regional geopolitics where all the players in the crisis are the heirs of the Rwanda genocide. A geopolitical study of the region, with in-depth research focussing on the northern province running mainly from 1990 to 2007, offers an analysis of the period during which local conflict worsened and took on a national bias before expanding onto a regional level with the involvement of foreign national players. The causes of perpetual instability in North Kivu are multifaceted – the riches in its subsoil combined with world demand for mineral raw materials explains the causal relationship between the unlawful exploitation of mining resources and continued warfare, namely that war is a continuation of the economy by other means. It has also been marked by the non-existence or even inconsistency of the Congo State, the extremely high density of population in this region, porous colonial frontiers, the exacerbation of ethnic tension and the pressure of land scarcity and the profusion of armed militia opposing a powerless United Nations. But the regional aims of Rwanda remain central to the instability in North Kivu. Kigali has been able to fully take advantage of and exploit the guilt of the international community for not reacting at the time of the genocide. This feeling of impunity due to “credit for the genocide” is notably made possible by the goodwill of the international community and support from the “friends of the New Rwanda”, starting with the United States. Rwanda has always claimed a threat from ex-FAR troops and Interahamwe militia to justify its direct or indirect presence in the field. Nonetheless, the FDLR (Forces for the Democratic Liberation of Rwanda) nowadays seem far from representing an actual threat to Rwanda but still remain an easy pretext to justify the interference of their troops in North Kivu. The direct consequence of permanent destabilisation of the province is ultimately the establishment of a form of “shared sovereignty” that has given Rwanda the possibility – directly up to 2002 and then indirectly up to the present time – to take full advantage of the “slice of the pie” represented by this territory
Mitangala-Ndeba, Prudence. "Impaludation et état nutritionnel chez les enfants au Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209608.
Full textLa malnutrition est un autre fléau qui frappe le monde depuis la nuit des temps. Les pays les plus touchés sont ceux-là mêmes qui sont concernés par l’endémie palustre. En 2010, 38% d’enfants africains âgés de moins de 5 ans souffraient d’un retard de croissance et 9% étaient émaciés. Ces formes de malnutrition concernaient respectivement 43% et 9% d’enfants de la RDC.
Le paludisme et la malnutrition coexistent. Néanmoins, leur relation demeure un sujet de controverse malgré de nombreuses études menées sur le sujet. Certains auteurs affirment que la malnutrition protégerait contre le paludisme alors que d’autres soutiennent le contraire. Une troisième catégorie d’auteurs atteste qu’il n’existe aucune relation.
Ces divergences de points de vues font que, sur le terrain, dans une même localité, certains préconisent le traitement systématique du paludisme au cours de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle alors que d’autres n’administrent les médicaments que pour les cas avérés de paludisme.
Dans le but de contribuer non seulement à l’amélioration des connaissances sur cette relation entre la malnutrition et le paludisme, mais aussi à la rationalisation de la prise en charge du paludisme dans les zones de coexistence des deux entités, des études ont été menées au Kivu, dans la partie Est de la RDC.
Méthodologie:En vue d’atteindre ce but, les résultats de six analyses de données, portant sur cinq études épidémiologiques menées au Kivu en RDC, sont présentés dans cette monographie.
La monographie est composée de quatre parties. La première partie est consacrée à des généralités sur le paludisme et la malnutrition et la quatrième partie est une synthèse générale.
Les résultats des six analyses évoquées ci-haut font, chacun l’objet d’un chapitre et sont regroupés au sein de deux parties portant respectivement sur la description de la relation entre la malnutrition et le paludisme (deuxième partie) et sur le traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant sévèrement malnutri (troisième partie).
La description de la relation entre le paludisme et la malnutrition est le résultat des analyses de données de trois études. Les deux premières études font l’objet d’analyses rétrospectives des données de routine récoltées au sein de l’hôpital pédiatrique de Lwiro. La troisième étude est prospective et réalisée en communauté.
Le traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant sévèrement malnutri est abordé à travers deux études menées en milieu hospitalier.
La première étude de cette partie a été menée à l’hôpital pédiatrique de Lwiro. Cette étude portait sur l’efficacité de la combinaison Artésunate-Amodiaquine (AS+AQ) dans le traitement du paludisme non compliqué à Plasmodium falciparum. Elle a été réalisée suivant le protocole standard de l’OMS portant sur l’évaluation et la surveillance de l’efficacité des antipaludiques pour le traitement du paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum non compliqué. Cependant, en plus des enfants habituellement inclus dans ces études d’efficacité selon le protocole de l’OMS, cette étude a intégré les enfants souffrant de la malnutrition sévère. Cette étude a conduit à deux analyses distinctes ayant fait chacune l’objet d’un chapitre. La première analyse s’est focalisée sur l’efficacité proprement dite du traitement antipaludéen. La seconde analyse a utilisé les données individuelles des enfants inclus dans cette étude sur l’efficacité du traitement antipaludéen pour explorer la production des gamétocytes de Plasmodium falciparum chez l’enfant souffrant de Malnutrition Aigue Sévère (MAS).
La deuxième étude de cette partie consacrée au traitement antipaludéen chez l’enfant malnutri sévère porte sur l’efficacité d’une stratégie de traitement antipaludéen systématique chez l’enfant malnutri au cours de la réhabilitation nutritionnelle. Il s’est agi d’un essai clinique randomisé en double aveugle, réalisé au centre thérapeutique nutritionnel de l’hôpital général de référence de Kirotshe. Les enfants malnutris admis dans le programme de réhabilitation nutritionnelle étaient assignés dans l’un des deux groupes d’étude selon une procédure aléatoire. Le groupe d’intervention recevait systématiquement la combinaison AS+AQ à la posologie habituelle et le groupe témoin recevait un placebo composé d’avicel 97,1%, stéarate de magnésium 1,9%, aérosil 1% et de colorant.
Les quatre premières études ont eu lieu dans la zone de santé de Miti Murhesa dans la province du Sud Kivu et la dernière a été menée dans la zone de santé de Kirotshe dans la province du Nord Kivu en RDC.
Résultats: [1] \
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé publique
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Dias, Sara dos Santos Martins Peres. "Fragilidade, conflito e violência urbana no norte do Kivu : estudo exploratório sobre as crianças que vivem nas ruas da cidade de Goma." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17624.
Full textEsta dissertação aborda a problemática de conflicto no Norte-Kivu - contextualizando os acontecimentos na região à luz da trajectória histórica na RDC e reflectindo sobre as suas causas e consequências. No campo das causas, explora-se a inter-relação entre recursos minerais, conflito e grupos armados bem como a causalidade entre a inexistência de infraestruturas e a violência. No campo das consequências esta dissertação toma como estudo de caso exploratório a problemática das crianças e adolescentes que vivem nas ruas de Goma, procurando relacionar a existência de um número elevado de jovens nestas circunstâncias, com a dinâmica de violência e conflicto na região. Conclui-se que o número substancial destas crianças na região resulta da complexidade e perpetuação do conflito no Norte-Kivu a partir de 1994 com o Genocídio do Ruanda. Conclui-se também que esta dinâmica de conflicto pode ser interpretada à luz da actor-network-theory e da teoria da viabilidade, como decorrente não só da existência de recursos naturais que alimentam os grupos armados na região, mas de dois factores fundamentais: i) a viabilidade (para lá da ganância e ressentimento) na formação de grupos armados - através do acesso ao armamento e financiamento e ii) a inexistência de infrasestruturas e da materialização do Estado na região.
This dissertation addresses the issue of conflict in the North-Kivu region - contextualizing events in the region in light of the historical trajectory in the DRC and reflecting on its causes and consequences. In the field of causes, we explore the interrelationship between mineral resources, conflict and armed groups, as well as the causality between the inexistence of infrastructures and violence. In the field of consequences this dissertation takes as an exploratory case study the problem of children and adolescents living on the streets of the city of Goma, trying to relate the existence of a large number of young people in these circumstances, with the dynamics of violence and conflict in the region. It is concluded that the existence of a substantial number of young people in the region results from the complexity and perpetuation of the conflict throughout North Kivu since 1994 with the Rwandan Genocide, and that this dynamics of conflict can be interpreted in the light of the actor-network-theory and feasibility theory, as a result not only of the existence of natural resources that feed the armed groups in the region, but of two fundamental factors: i) the viability (beyond greed and grievance) in the formation of armed groups - through access to weapons and funding (ii) the lack of infrastructure and the materialization of the State in the region.
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Shearon, Edward Houston. "Experiencing everyday justice : a study of end-user experiences of judicial hybridity in South Kivu, DRC." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7482/.
Full textEkyamba, Ibrahim Steven. "Armed groups and disarmament challenges in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Kivu region, 2013-2018." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79056.
Full textDissertation (MA (Political Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mastercard Scholarship foundation
Political Sciences
MA (Political Sciences)
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Bitwe, Mihanda Richard. "Contribution à la réduction de la mortalité intrahospitalière des enfants en Afrique centrale, Nord Kivu - RD Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210353.
Full textDans le monde, presque 10,6 millions d’enfants meurent chaque année avant d’avoir atteint leur cinquième anniversaire. En dépit de l’existence théorique d’interventions curatives efficaces, on constate que la mortalité intrahospitalière peut demeurer très élevée dans les services de pédiatrie de nombreux pays à faible revenu notamment en Afrique. Pour améliorer la prise en charge des enfants dans ces hôpitaux et par conséquent la survie des enfants, il est nécessaire avant tout de faire le constat de la situation et de la reconnaître, d’en analyser les causes, de s’attaquer aux déterminants vulnérables et de se doter d’outils d’évaluation de la qualité de soins dans les hôpitaux. En tant que pédiatre oeuvrant à l’HPG, j’ai constaté que la mortalité intrahospitalière était élevée. Fruit d’une démarche personnelle, ce travail avait pour objectif global la réduction de cette mortalité.
Pour y arriver, les objectifs spécifiques étaient les suivants :
1) Décrire et évaluer la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers chez les enfants à l’HPG.
2)Préciser la mortalité intrahospitalière globale ainsi que les mortalités spécifiques.
3)Etudier l’importance des facteurs associés à la surmortalité des enfants à l’Hôpital Provincial de Goma.
4)Construire un modèle de prédiction de la mortalité globale intrahospitalière ainsi qu’un score pronostique adapté au contexte.
5)Mettre en place un programme de formation et de supervision du personnel médical et paramédical.
6)Etudier l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité intrahospitalière.
Méthodologie
Les analyses ont porté sur les données des études qui se sont déroulés dans le service de pédiatrie de l’hôpital provincial de Goma (HPG), il s’agit des études suivantes: une étude descriptive d’observation d’évaluation de la qualité des soins intrahospitaliers des enfants en décembre 2004 (étude qualitative utilisant la méthode de Nolan), une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière portant sur les indicateurs prédictifs de la mortalité (du 1er avril 2003 au 31 mars 2004) (« avant ») ,suivi d’une intervention dont l’impact avait été évalué de nouveau par une étude de cohorte prospective intrahospitalière (du 1er janvier 2005 au 31 décembre 2005) (« après ») (étude d’intervention quasi-expérimentale).
Résultats
Les résultats du travail étaient les suivants :
A) -Les facteurs qui augmentent le risque de décès étaient la référence tardive et la sévérité de la maladie à l’admission.
-Les facteurs limitant la qualité de la prise en charge et qui contribuaient probablement au mauvais pronostic étaient :
1)A l’admission, le triage n’était pas toujours correctement fait, les soins d’urgences étaient retardés l’après-midi et la nuit et 12% des admissions étaient différés. Il n’y avait pas de grille d’évaluation initiale, ni des guides pratiques de l’OMS, ni les guides standardisés de prise en charge, ni de kit d’urgence.
2)En hospitalisation, il y avait une insuffisance en nombre du staff (surtout l’après-midi et la nuit), le monitoring de base et les soins infirmiers étaient insuffisants surtout la nuit, les cliniciens notaient les signes cliniques, mais ne les documentaient pas toujours, le délai pour avoir le diagnostic était trop long et l’indisponibilité des médicaments prescrits.
-Le staff du service avait des connaissances théoriques et pratiques insuffisantes et une motivation insuffisante
B)-Durant la première étude de cohorte, une mortalité globale de 15,9% et des mortalités spécifiques anormalement élevées ont été observés. Les enfants les plus à risque de décès avaient, à l’admission, les caractéristiques suivantes :un âge < 1 an, un périmètre brachial < 115 mm ou un retard de croissance pondérale (-3< Z-PPA ≤ -2 et Z-PPA ≤ -3), une altération de la conscience, une raideur de la nuque, un tirage intercostal et une infection.
C)-Ces premières données avaient permis de construire le modèle Goma1 basé essentiellement sur les indicateurs suivants :l’âge,le périmètre brachial, l’état de conscience et le type d’infection. Grâce au score pronostique, il était destiné à la sélection à l’admission des enfants à risque élevé de décès pour une admission en soins intensifs et à la standardisation de la mortalité en vue de l’évaluation de la qualité de prise en charge.
D)-Une intervention a été menée, en décembre 2004 portant essentiellement sur la formation et la supervision du personnel de santé œuvrant à l’HPG. Grâce à une évaluation avant-après, on a pu déterminer l’impact probable de cette intervention :la mortalité globale a diminué de 15,9% (avant l’intervention) à 4,6% (après l’intervention) et restait toujours plus basse après l’intervention et après ajustement à l’aide du modèle.
Conclusions
La mortalité pédiatrique intrahospitalière est généralement beaucoup trop élevée et c’était le cas à l’HPG.
Notre démarche après ce constat et l’évaluation de la qualité des soins donnés aux enfants sur base d’un questionnaire qualitatif a été d’intervenir sur un des points mis en exergue par cette évaluation (formation et supervision du personnel insuffisante) et d’évaluer l’impact de ce programme sur la mortalité globale.
Les résultats ont suggéré un impact positif de ce programme (mortalité globale de 15,9% avant l’intervention et de 4,6% après l’intervention).
Si de nombreuses critiques liées à la méthodologie (évaluation uniquement qualitative, étude quasi-expérimentale avant-après, intervention limitée, etc) doivent être épinglées et limitent la portée de ce travail, la démarche entreprise a cependant permis de mobiliser le personnel de santé œuvrant dans des conditions difficiles, autour d’un projet commun et améliorer ainsi la prise en charge des enfants hospitalisés à l’HPG.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Pottek, Elias. "Communal Conflict and the Geopolitics of Land, Ethnicity and Territoriality in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25043/25043.pdf.
Full textVan, Houten Kirsten. "Translating Interests and Negotiating Hybridity: The Contributions of Local Civil Society Organisations to Peacebuilding in South Kivu." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38538.
Full textIyananio, Simon-Pierre. "L'Église catholique et l'éducation civique des populations en République Démocratique du Congo : le cas de Shabunda, au Sud-Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26321.
Full textThis study focuses on the civic education program of the Catholic Church in the Democrat-ic Republic of Congo (DRC). The action research conducted in seven Basic Ecclesial Communities of the Sacré-Coeur parish in Shabunda, located in the South Kivu province, enabled to identify practices of socio-political engagement developed by these communities either from or related to the civic education program deployed by the Church since 2004. Both the analysis of the survey participants’ views and the reading of the Manuel de réfé-rence (Reference Manual) have resulted into six principal categories and three procedures. The research has allowed to identify main assets, strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the civic education program and thereby to suggest improvements for the future of the pro-gram. Even though the relevance of both the program and the education practice is not questioned, they (practice and program) need, however, to be enhanced in order to ade-quately respond to the need of liberation, as expressed by their beneficiaries. The compo-nent should hinge on issues of power and authority, which the research findings have re-vealed to be key in the Congolese crisis. The prerequisite of the rule of law, as longed and sought by the Church through its practice of the civic education, in the DRC, lies in the following principle: the Congolese governing authorities should exercise their power for service rather than domination. To ensure that this principle is implemented, the ecclesial practice of the civic education will bring the beneficiaries of the program to meet Jesus Christ, servant and liberator of humans, to let themselves be transformed by Him and to become, as Him, servants and liberators of brothers and sisters. The aim of the civic educa-tion will not only be for the knowledge of citizens’ rights and responsibilities, but will be-come a sequela Christi, leading each beneficiary of the program, who have now become alter Christus, to daily recall the liberating memory of Jesus-Christ’s death and resurrection. Concerning the implementation of the improved program, which needs to be developed from the grassroots, the Church should give greater place to ecclesial communities, plan monitoring follow-up mechanism, and provide indicators for objective evaluations.
Paluku, Kitakya Anselme. "Interactions entre la gestion foncière et l'économie locale en région de Butembo, Nord Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo /." Louvain-la-Neuve : Presses Univ. de Louvain, 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/560021313.pdf.
Full textFairhead, James Robert. "Fields of struggle : towards a social history of farming knowledge and practice in a Bwisha community, Kivu, Zaire." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363246.
Full textBusane, Emmanuel Aganze. "Sulphide textures and compositions associated with the hydrothermal/magmatic system of the Twangiza gold deposit (South Kivu, DRC)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76588.
Full textOkito, Pamijeko, and Pamijeko Okito. "Analyse de besoins de la formation continue et des conditions socioprofessionnelles des enseignants en situation après-guerre en République démocratique du Congo : cas des enseignants du niveau secondaire de la ville de Goma." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38299.
Full textLa formation du personnel enseignant de la ville de Goma au Nord-Kivu, en République démocratique du Congo (RDC), a évolué négativement depuis la période coloniale. D’une formation initiale essentiellement religieuse, elle a été orientée vers des contenus universitaires, puis transformée en une formation continue sous forme de journées pédagogiques. Cette visée de formation n’a malheureusement pas été maintenue en raison du désengagement du gouvernement, des guerres et des conditions de vie. Conséquemment, l’un des problèmes majeurs qui caractérisent actuellement le système scolaire de Goma est l’absence de formation continue des enseignants. Afin d’aider ces enseignants à s’autoformer professionnellement pendant leur carrière, l’identification préalable de leurs besoins en formation continue et socioprofessionnels s’est avérée pertinente. Le but de cette étude est d’identifier et d’analyser ces besoins. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire de 91 énoncées a d’abord été rempli par 151 enseignants du secondaire à Goma, chef-lieu de la Province du Nord-Kivu (RDC). Par la suite, des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de 20 d’entre eux. Les énoncés du questionnaire et ceux du canevas d’entretien ont été regroupés selon trois thèmes : les besoins en compétences professionnelles, les besoins socioprofessionnels et les renseignements généraux. La détermination des besoins en formation continue et leur classement selon l'ordre de priorité ont été réalisés au moyen des approches analytiques et graphiques de l’analyse de besoin. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent que des 73 besoins concernent la formation continue, cinq sont jugés extrêmement prioritaires. Ces besoins extrêmement prioritaires sont : la formation pédagogique; des ateliers de formation; des séminaires; l’emploi correct des TIC dans les buts de se constituer des réseaux d’échange et de formation continue dans son domaine d’enseignement et dans sa pratique pédagogique ; la connaissance et l’utilisation des TIC en enseignement et apprentissage. Pour ce qui est des besoins socioprofessionnels, les résultats indiquent qu’ils sont au nombre de 30. Parmi ceux-ci, la rémunération salariale, la sécurité sociale, le transport et le logement sont les plus cités par les participants.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education and socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. The teacher’s education training in Goma city, Nord-Kivu, in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), has negatively progressed since colonial period. From basic education essentially religious, it has been oriented towards the university content, and has changed to continuing education under pedagogic activities daily. That objective of education has not been maintained because of non-engagement of government, the wars and the life conditions. Consequently, one of major problems characterizing actually school system in Goma city is the absence of continuing education of teachers. To assist those teachers to educate themselves professionally during their carriers, the identification of their needs in continuing education et socio-professional is very important. The main of this study is to identify and analyze these needs. This study aims to identify then categorize by order of priority the needs of continuing education for secondary school teachers in the city of Goma, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).A 91 questionnaire was administered to 151 secondary school teachers, and 20 of them were interviewed in Goma, the capital of North Kivu Province (DRC). These statements were grouped according to three themes: the need for professional skills, the socio-professional needs of teachers and general information. The determination of the various needs and their classification according to the order of preference were accomplished by means of graphic approaches and by statistical counting such as the indication of the preferences of need (IPB), the counting of average and absolute deviation. The calculations of the average with percentages were used to identify the views of all the teachers in terms of their professional needs and general information. The results of this study indicate that in terms of continuing education needs we have 73 needs among which six are extremely of high priority: Pedagogical practice; Teacher training, seminar workshop; Internet search; Proper use of TIC in order to establish networks of exchange and continuous training in its field of teaching and in its pedagogical practice; Knowledge and use of ICT in teaching and learning». Concerning the socio-professional needs, we may name: salary, social security, transport and accommodation. Finally, with regard to general information, men outnumber women, and most of them are academics.
PASQUIER, JEAN-BAPTISTE. "Remote surveys to monitor IDPs leaving displacement sites : A case study in the eastern DR Congo." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179640.
Full textMoloto, Thapelo Refiloe Patience. "Sulphur isotope study of pyrite from the Twangiza-Namoya Gold Belt, (South Kivu, DRC): a proxy of gold provenance." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60552.
Full textBisimwa, Balaluka Ghislain. "Prévention de la malnutrition au Sud Kivu, République démocratique du Congo: rôle et efficacité des interventions de type communautaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209669.
Full textLe récent rapport de l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé estime à 7,6 millions le nombre de décès d’enfants de moins de cinq en 2010 dans le monde dont le tiers est associé à la malnutrition. La malnutrition est donc un problème de santé publique pour la plupart des pays en développement y compris la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC). La RDC se partage la 2ème plus mauvaise position avec l’Afghanistan en ce qui concerne le taux de mortalité infanto juvénile (199 décès pour mille naissances vivantes). Il est également le 3ème pays au monde en ce qui concerne le nombre total de décès d'enfants de moins de cinq ans derrière l’Inde et le Nigéria. Le dernier rapport du Global Hunger Index (septembre 2011) montre que la RDC et le Tchad sont les pays les plus touchés par la malnutrition au monde.
L’actuel protocole de l’OMS consacre la prise en charge communautaire de la malnutrition mais le fonctionnement des comités villageois n’est pas standardisé au niveau international. Dans certains pays ils sont regroupés en volontaires pour participer aux activités communautaires alors que dans d'autres pays comme l’Ethiopie, les volontaires communautaires sont totalement intégrés dans le système de santé comme les autres salariés.Le paquet d’activités des volontaires communautaires n’est pas non plus standardisé. Dans la majorité des pays, les volontaires communautaires se limitent aux activités promotionnelles et de sensibilisation alors que dans d’autres ils participent en plus aux activités de prise en charge de la malnutrition.
L’objectif de ce travail était d‘évaluer si le programme de nutrition à base communautaire tel que défini au Sud Kivu peut contribuer de manière efficace à l’amélioration de la santé de l’enfant en milieu rural dans un contexte de malnutrition endémique.
Méthodologie
Ce travail regroupe sept études. Les cinq premières portent sur l’évaluation des activités du programme de nutrition à assise communautaire dans le contexte du Sud Kivu. Les deux dernières études se focalisent sur l'étude de l'efficacité de compléments alimentaires sur la croissance staturo-pondérale des enfants à haut risque du retard de croissance et d'insuffisance pondérale.
La première étude est une étude quasi expérimentale portant sur les données démographiques recueillies par les relais communautaires avec comme objectif d’évaluer la capacité des relais communautaires à assurer le dénombrement de la population et à identifier les populations cibles des programmes de nutrition en milieu rural.
La deuxième étude est aussi une étude quasi expérimentale portant sur les activités de pesées réalisées par les relais au niveau communautaire avec comme objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité des relais communautaires à assurer la surveillance de la croissance des enfants d’âge préscolaire.
La troisième étude est également une étude quasi expérimentale qui compare la prévalence de l’allaitement maternel à six mois dans deux secteurs de santé dont l’un travaille avec un réseau de relais communautaires pour la promotion de l’allaitement maternel exclusif. Son objectif est d’évaluer l’efficacité des relais communautaires à assurer la promotion de l’allaitement maternel exclusif.
La quatrième étude est une étude d’observation qui utilise des méthodes qualitatives avec comme objectif d’identifier et discuter les incitants à la motivation des volontaires communautaires dans le contexte du Sud Kivu.
La cinquième étude est une étude d’observation qui utilise à la fois des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour évaluer les effets à long terme du programme communautaire de promotion de l’allaitement maternel exclusif en milieu rural du Sud Kivu.
La sixième étude est une étude descriptive réalisée chez les femmes allaitantes dont les enfants étaient âgés de 9-10 mois. Son objectif est de décrire l'effet de la consommation des suppléments nutritionnels à base lipidique et hyper-énergétique sur la quantité de lait maternel ingérée par les enfants de 9-10 mois en milieu rural du Sud Kivu.
Enfin, la septième étude est également une étude d’intervention randomisée portant sur 1401 enfants recrutés dès l’âge de six mois et qui ont été suivis jusqu’à l'âge de 12 mois. Cette étude avait pour objectif de comparer l’efficacité d’un aliment de complément prêt à l’emploi à base de farine de soja, maïs et sorgho enrichie en micronutriments et lipides (ACPE) et celle d’une bouillie hyper-énergétique enrichie en micronutriments à base de farine de maïs et soja et huile (UNIMIX) sur la prévention du retard de croissance et de l’insuffisance pondérale chez les nourrissons âgés de 6 à 12 mois.
Résultats
La première étude qui se rapporte au dénombrement de la population a montré que le dénombrement réalisé par les relais communautaires pour identifier les cibles des programmes de nutrition notamment les enfants de moins de cinq ans, les femmes enceintes et les ménages vulnérables sous-estime légèrement la population totale en comparaison avec le chiffre du district sanitaire mais obtient une répartition par catégorie d’âge similaire à celle du modèle national issu de l’enquête nationale. Ceci concerne particulièrement les enfants de moins de cinq ans dont le pourcentage médian (Min-Max) a été calculé à 21,3% (13,1-32,7%) alors que le modèle national estime ce pourcentage à 18,9%. Néanmoins, le dénombrement des relais communautaires a donné des proportions plus faibles pour la catégorie des femmes enceintes et celle des ménages vulnérables, les réduisant de près de 50% par rapport au modèle national.
Les pesées communautaires réalisées par les relais communautaires ont relevé le niveau de fréquentation des enfants au service de consultation préscolaire avec des pourcentages médian mensuel variant entre 80 et 100% pour les enfants < 12 mois et entre 80 et 90% pour ceux de 12-59 mois.
A court terme, il a été montré que les relais communautaires peuvent permettre une augmentation de la prévalence de l’allaitement maternel exclusif de 21 à 60%. Mais ce résultat n’a pas été confirmé dans le long terme même si on a observé une association entre les mères qui ont continué à pratiquer l’allaitement maternel exclusif jusqu’à six mois et la fréquence de visite des relais pendant la grossesse :10,8% contre 5,2% (p=0,003). Après 8 ans de suivi, on a observé un taux d'abandon de 52,5% chez les relais communautaires avec une durée médiane participation aux activités communautaires (Min-Max) de 6 (2-7) ans. On a pas observé de différence liée à l’âge, sexe, état civil, niveau études et profession.
Dans la cohorte des relais communautaires du Sud Kivu, 90% soutiennent qu’il y a nécessité d’avoir des incitants externes pour le maintien de leur motivation et 60% préfèrent des incitants liés à leur intérêt direct (soins médicaux, salaire.). Les autres sollicitent des incitants à intérêt communautaire tels que les cantines de semences, le financement des projets communautaires.
Les données de l’étude ont confirmé encore que le débit lacté des mères issues du milieu rural du Sud Kivu est dans les limites acceptables et que l’utilisation des suppléments nutritionnels à base lipidiques hyper-énergétiques ne défavorise pas la poursuite de l’allaitement maternel. Nous n’avons pas observé de diminution de quantité de lait ingéré :une moyenne de 678 g/dl dans le groupe ACPE et 705g/dl dans le groupe UNIMIX (p=0,70).
Nous n'avons pas observé d'effet de l’aliment de complément prêt à l’emploi riche en lipide et micronutriments sur la croissance staturo-pondérale des enfants ou sur les paramètres biologiques mesurés (hématocrite, triglycéride, cholestérol).
Conclusion
Les résultats de ce travail montrent qu’à court terme les relais communautaires peuvent contribuer de manière efficace au dénombrement des populations cibles, au suivi de la croissance des enfants de moins de cinq ans et à la promotion de l’allaitement maternel exclusif en milieu rural du Sud Kivu. Cependant si les effets à court terme sont quasi certains, les effets à long terme restent hypothétiques car ils sont mis en balance par rapport aux exigences de relais communautaires :charge de travail adapté et tâches simples, nécessité d’incitants à la motivation, considération par le système de santé. Les incitants à intérêt communautaire et l’incorporation des relais dans des équipes d’enquête et autres activités rémunératrices sont à privilégier.
Les résultats de ce travail montrent également que les mères du milieu rural du Sud Kivu ont une sécrétion lactée suffisante pour assurer l’allaitement maternel exclusif de leurs enfants pendant les six premiers mois conformément aux recommandations de l’OMS. Ces travaux confirment également que les nourrissons du milieu rural du Sud Kivu peuvent recevoir des compléments alimentaires avec densité élevée en lipides et micronutriments à partir de 6 mois sans qu'il y ait perturbation de l'allaitement. Cependant de recherches devraient se poursuivre pour identifier le complément idéal capable d’améliorer la croissance staturo-pondérale des enfants (type de complément et composition).
Introduction
In its latest report, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that an estimated 7.6 millions underfive children deaths occurred in 2010 with a third of the deaths associated with malnutrition. Malnutrition is a major public health problem for most of developing countries including Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). With an underfive mortality of 199 per 1000 live births, the DRC also share the second worst position with Afghanistan. DRC ranks third in behind India and Nigeria for the total yearly number of underfive deaths. The September 2011 Global Hunger Index report indicated that worldwide, DRC and Chad are countries the most affected by malnutrition.
Although the role of community health workers (CHW) in the community based management of malnutrition is well recognized by WHO, there has not yet been an international effort and attempt to standardize the way village committees should be involved. Some countries use unpaid CHWs as health extension health workers for activities occurring in the community while other countries like Ethiopia have fully integrated them in the health system and give them a monthly salary. Similarly, the package of activities implemented by them has not yet been standardized with in most countries their role limited to community mobilization and sensitization and preventive related activities while in others community based management of malnutrition is added to these activities.
The objective of the present study was to assess if the Community Nutrition Program as implemented in South Kivu contributed significantly to the improvement of the health of underfive children given that malnutrition is endemic in the region.
Methods
The present work regroups seven studies. The first five evaluate the activities of the Community Nutrition Program considering South Kivu context. The remaining two focus on the effectiveness of lipid based nutrients supplements (LNS) as complementary food in preventing stunting and underweight.
The first study was a quasi-experimental study analyzing demographic data collected by CHW. It assessed the capacity of CHWs to conduct a demographic survey of their communities allowing an accurate identification of population targets for rural nutrition programs.
The second study was also a quasi-experimental study analyzing data collecting during community based growth monitoring activities for underfive children carried out by CHW. It assessed the effectiveness of the program.
The third study was also a quasi experimental study comparing the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) at 6 months of age observed in a health sector with CHW involved in the promotion of EBF to that observed in a health sector without CHW breast feeding promotion activities. The study objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of CHW in promoting EBF.
The fourth study was a qualitative and observational study aiming at identifying motivating factors for CHWs in South Kivu context.
The fifth study was an observational study that used both qualitative and quantitative methods and that aimed at determining the long term effect of CHW promotion of EBF in rural South Kivu.
The sixth study was a descriptive study aiming at describing the effect of LNS used as complementary food of breast milk intake of infants aged between 9 and 10 months in South Kivu.
The last study was a randomized interventional trial on 1401 infants who received LNS as complementary food from 6 to 12 months of age. The trial aim was to compare the effectiveness of that sorghum, corn and soya based micronutrients fortified ready-to-eat complementary food to that of a porridge maid from UNIMIX a corn and soya fortified blended floor in reducing the prevalence of stunting and underweight at 12 months of age.
Results
The results of the first study revealed that CHW slightly underestimated the total population comparatively to the Health District official figures but obtain similar age groups repartition of the population as the national reference, especially for children below 5 years for whom the CHW demographic survey gave the proportion of 21.3% (13.1-32.7%) close to the national figure of 18,9%. Comparatively to estimations from the national model, the CHW demographic survey also underestimated the numbers and proportions of pregnant women and vulnerable households by approximately 50%.
CHW community based growth monitoring activities increased the attendance and coverage of wellbeing underfive clinics to a median monthly attendance varying between 80% and 100% of the expected number for infants and between 80 and 90% for children aged 12 to 59 months.
The results of our studies suggest that CHW involvement in the promotion of EBF improved its prevalence and the improvement was from 21% to 60% in our study. Although, being visited by CHW during pregnancy was still associated an increased prevalence of EBF at 6 months (10.8% versus 5.2%; p=0,003), the prevalence of EBF at 6 months was not sustained in the long term in communities previously actively supported by the community nutrition program. The level of EBF prevalence at 6 months was not sustained in the long term. Also, eight years follow up of a cohort of CHW showed a dropout of 52.5% of CHW after a with the median (Min-Max) duration of activity being 6 (2-7) years. There was no relationship between dropout and CHW age, gender, marital status, level of education and professional activity. Ninety percent of interviewed CHW indicated that incentives are needed for motivation and 60% advocated for individual incentives (salary, health care cover,) while 40% advocated for group incentives such us funds for income generating activities, funds for community seeds bank project.
Our study has confirmed that breast-milk production in lactating mothers from South Kivu is in the normal range and that the use of hyper-energetic LNS as complementary food does not interfere with breast-milk intake (678 g/dl per day for children taking the LNS based complementary food and 705g/dl in those taking porridge; p=0,70)
Comparatively to the porridge used as control, the LNS based complementary was not superior in promoting growth and no difference was observed when comparing biological parameters measured such us hematocrit, triglycerides and cholesterol.
Conclusion
The present study has demonstrated that in South Kivu, CHW can be successfully used in conducting demographic survey for the calculation of nutrition programs targets, in community based growth monitoring targeting underfive children and in the promotion of EBF. However, the short term benefits of involving CHW in the implementation of such activities is not sustained in the long term because of the need of incentives to sustain the motivation of CHW. Programs using CHW should consider ensuring the recognition of the health system, limiting the workload and the level of complexity of the work, planning for incentives. Group incentives and recruiting them in health District activities that will give them some income should be preferred as motivating strategy.
Our work has also shown that breast milk production of lactating mothers from South Kivu is sufficient to allow mothers to continue with EBF up to 6 months as recommended by WHO. It has also shown that the use of LNS as complementary food is not detrimental for breast milk intake. However, research is still need to improve the composition of LNS and obtain a complementary food effective in sustaining optimal weight and height growth velocity.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
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Donnen, Philippe. "Carence en vitamine A en situation de malnutrition protéino-énergétique: importance du problème au Sud-Kivu et stratégies d'intervention." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211834.
Full textTegera, Busey Aloys. "Les Banyarwanda du nord-Kivu (RDC) au XXème siècle : analyse historique et socio-politique d'un groupe transfrontalier (1885-2006)." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010556.
Full textZilio, Sara <1992>. ""Le dèveloppement comme changement de mentalité". Politiche di sviluppo in una ONG locale nella regione del Kivu (RD Congo)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14688.
Full textPivato, Angela <1987>. "Per una società vegetale. Trasformazioni del paesaggio domestico e scomparsa dei bananeti: disastro, mutamento, rigenerazione (Sud Kivu, R.D. Congo)." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20018.
Full textVita, Ndugumbo. "La reconstruction de l'éducation en contexte «d'après-guerre» en République démocratique du Congo : visions et rôles des acteurs et des bénéficiaires d’enseignement dans le développement du curriculum d’enseignement secondaire technique et professionnel au Sud-Kivu." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25570.
Full textThis Systems Approach Modeling Integral Action Research (SAMIAR) Cardinal and Morin (1994) take its place in the context of the reconstruction of education in the Democratic Republic of Congo, more precisely in the province of South Kivu. Indeed, reducing the gap between curriculum requirements, and social needs that secondary technical and vocational education should meet, is the main concern of this study. This gap is reflected in terms of mismatch between the needs of society and the teaching curriculum on the one hand, and on the other hand, in terms of lack of consistency between the skills in technical and vocational secondary education skills for the labor market. The literature about the development of the educational curriculum in various contexts, mainly in post-war contexts, has revealed how the beneficiaries and educational actors evolve in educational curriculum development (OECD, 1995; Lenoir and Bouillier-Oudot, 2006; Goddard, 2007; Trabelsi and Dubois, 2006; Benavente, 2006; Obura, 2003; Sinclair, 2005). The theoretical framework, symbolic interactionism (Coulon, 1993, Le Breton, 2004) supported by systems thinking (Bausch, 2001; Checkland, 1981; Lapointe, 1995; Morin, 2010) has allowed us to understand how, from the experiences and the visions of beneficiaries and the actors of teaching, can we develop and/or adjust the technical and vocational secondary education curriculum, and develop guiding principles of an action plan and its implementation to meet the emerging needs in the province of South Kivu in the post-war context. We use the Soft Systems Methodology to understand the complexity of the problem situation of education in South Kivu. Using two research techniques: focus groups and participation in the Round Table, we obtained results that meet our research objectives. These results relate to the visions of education and skills development in the teaching curriculum to meet emerging needs: need peace, social security, socio-economic and educational needs. Finally, the perceptions of the actors on the problematic situation of teaching were used to update the action changes to the education curriculum. To improve the current situation map, we have developed guiding principles for the design and implementation of action of a South Kivu technical and vocational education curriculum.
Mukabalera, Cigwira Joseph. "Monseigneur Christophe Munzihirwa, Romero du Congo ?les concepts de Martyre, de Béatification et de Canonisation revisités à la lumière de l'histoire religieuse contemporaine de la martyrologie et de l'expérience pastorale de Monseigneur Christophe Munzihirwa, Archevêque de Bukavu (Sud-Kivu/RDC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211303.
Full textKaparay, Christian Kakule. "Finance populaire et développement durable en Afrique au sud du Sahara : application à la région Nord-Est de la République démocratique du Congo /." Louvain-la-Neuve : Univ. Catholique de Louvain, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/543415260.pdf.
Full textGustin, Chiara. "Negotiated Statehood in the Educational Sector of the Democratic Republic of Congo : The Case of Bemba Gombo in Goma." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Afrikanska studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34510.
Full textBahwere, Paluku. "Contribution à l'amélioration et à l'évaluation de la prise en charge globale de l'enfant hospitalisé en Afrique Centrale (Sud Kivu)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211425.
Full textSeymour, Claudia Lucia. "Young people's experiences of, and means of coping with, violence in North and South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/16806/.
Full textFalisse, Jean-Benoît. "The community governance of basic social services in fragile states : health facility committees in Burundi and South Kivu, DR Congo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e81e494-f01f-4df6-a934-3acd7e2c20f0.
Full textCiaba, Cibawu Matthieu. "Challenges towards socio-economic integration of the victims of rape in the Democratic Republic of Congo : case of South Kivu Province." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26623.
Full textMugisho, Soron'Gane Etienne. "Contribution à la santé du couple mère-enfant dans la région du Nord Kivu (RDC): de l'intérêt de la consultation prénatale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211424.
Full textTungumuna, Francisca Kidienga. "Conflito, spoilers e segurança humana : estudo de caso do leste da República Democrática do Congo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7897.
Full textA presente dissertação tem como objetivo central analisar as motivações e as ações dos presumíveis spoilers no leste da RD Congo e o seu impacto no desenvolvimento humano. A relevância do assunto justifica-se pelos escassos trabalhos científicos e académicos que focam, simultaneamente, as ações e motivações dos presumíveis spoilers, a estratégia de pacificação e o modo como afetam o desenvolvimento humano. A maioria dos estudos realizam análises de cross-country que tendem a menosprezar as especificidades inerentes ao caso. Pelo que este trabalho trata-se de um "estudo de caso" que foca as ações dos grupos CNDP e M23 entre 2006 e 2013, na região do Kivu. A problemática de análise assenta na discussão teórico-conceptual de violência armada, segurança humana, vulnerabilidade e resiliência humanas, spoilers e das motivações subjacentes ao eclodir e prolongamento dos conflitos internos. Os resultados permitiram verificar que a história e a geopolítica assumem-se relevantes na compreensão das motivações e das ações de ambos os grupos que têm na sua base, tanto o ressentimento como a ganância e, também, que as estratégias de pacificação adotadas não têm implicado o comprometimento mútuo com a paz.
The present dissertation's main goal is to analyze the motivations and actions of so-called spoilers in eastern DR Congo and it's impact on human development. The relevance of the subject is justified by the few scientific and academic relevant papers that, simultaneously, focus on the actions and motivations of the so-called spoilers, the strategy of pacification and how they affect human development. Majority of the studies related to this subject make a cross-country analysis that tend to ignore the specificities of the case. This article consist on a "case study" that focus on the actions of CNDP and M23 groups in the region of Kivu, between 2006 and 2013. The theoretical and conceptual discussion is based on the definitions of armed violence, human security , human resilience and vulnerability, spoilers, and motivations underlying the outbreak and prolongation of internal conflicts. The results show that the story and geopolitics are relevant to understand the motivations and actions of both groups, based in Greed and Grievance and also that, the pacification strategies adopted have not implicated the mutual commitment with peace.
Marchais, Gauthier. "He who touches the weapon becomes other : a study of participation in armed groups in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3478/.
Full textMwene-batu, Lyabayungu Pacifique. "Malnutrition durant l’enfance, maladie chronique, capital humain à l’âge adulte dans le contexte de l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo (Sud-Kivu)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/327226.
Full textIntroduction: Low- and middle-income countries are going through a nutritional transition phase that is accompanied by a rapid increase in cardio-metabolic diseases and their risk factors, such as obesity in adults, while undernutrition still predominates in children in these regions. This double burden of malnutrition constitutes a major public health problem. According to the theory of developmental origins of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), these 2 burdens would be closely causally linked. The objective of our study was to trace subjects with a history of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in childhood, to assess their long-term socioeconomic, cognitive, and health outcomes, and finally to investigate the different cardiometabolic markers of NCDs. All this was done in order to establish an association between SAM during childhood and different chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and body composition) as well as with socio-demographic and economic status in adulthood, in a context without nutritional transition.Methodology: Records of subjects admitted for SAM between 1988 and 2007 were retrieved from the archives of Lwiro Hospital, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Between December 2017 and April 2019, we undertook to identify these subjects in the Miti-Murhesa and Katana health zones. Study subjects were identified from the Lwiro Pediatric Hospital (LPH) database. They were then traced to their home villages. They were then divided into four categories (living in or near the village, deceased, displaced, or lost to follow-up). For each former malnourished found, a community non-exposed was randomly selected for comparison. Our outcomes of interest were primarily NCDs including primarily metabolic syndrome, arterial hypertension, global obesity, visceral obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemias as well as body composition assessed by their different clinical and biological markers and, secondarily, renal impairment through serum creatinine level. Secondly, we evaluated the human capital through the socio-economic level (deduced from the education, the profession and the living conditions), the self-esteem, the cognitive disorders as well as the daily disabilities on the relational and functional level related to the health condition. It should be noted, however, that at the time of reconstitution of the cohort, we collected data on survival (and its corollary, mortality and its causes) and long-term nutritional status.Results: A total of 1981 records of subjects admitted for SAM from 1988 to 2007 were retrieved from the archives of the LPH. The median age at admission was 41 months. Six hundred subjects were found and 201 subjects died. 65.6% of the deceased subjects were ≤10 years of age at death. 59.2% of deaths occurred within 5 years of hospital discharge. The leading causes of death were malaria (14.9%), kwashiorkor (13.9%), respiratory infections (10.4%), and diarrheal diseases (8.9%). Compared to the unexposed, the exposed had low weight (-1.7 kg, p=0.001), short stature [sitting (-1.3 cm, p=0.006) and standing (-1.7 cm, p=0.003)], shorter leg length (-1.6 cm, p=0.002), and small brachial circumference (-3.2 mm, p= 0.051). There were no differences in BMI, chest length, and head or chest circumference between the 2 groups.In terms of BC, exposed, compared to unexposed, had a reduced FFM [-1.56 kg (-2.93, -0.20); p=0,024] but this observation was more marked in exposed males (45.4 5.4 vs. 48.2 6.9 kg, p=0.01) than females compared to unexposed. However, no difference between exposed and unexposed was observed in terms of FM. Finally, adjusting for height, FFMI and FMI show no difference in either sex.In terms of human capital, compared to the community unexposed, the proportion with high education and socioeconomic status (SES) of formerly malnourished was decreased [study (35.2 vs. 46.4; p 0.); SES (3.0 vs. 6.7; p= 0.007)]. In addition, in terms of cognition and self-esteem, compared to the non-exposed, the formerly malnourished had lower scores on cognitive tests [25.6 vs 27.8, p = 0.001 (MMSE) and 22.8 vs 26.3, p < 0.001 (MMSE-I)] and had lower self-esteem (20.3% vs 12.3%; p = 0.003) Nevertheless, in terms of health-related disabilities, they had less disability in relationships (28.6 vs. 31.5; p = 0.034) than the general population, although no difference was observed in daily activities (5.8 vs. 9.1; p = 0.322).In terms of NCDs, compared to the community unexposed, the malnourished elders had an increased waist circumference [+1.2 (0.02, 2.3) cm, p=0.015] and a higher waist/standing height ratio [0.01 (0.01, 0.02) cm; p0.001]. On the other hand, they had a decreased hip circumference [-1.5 (-2.6, -0.5) cm; p=0.021], and reduced muscle strength. Regarding cardiometabolic markers of NCDs, apart from a higher HbA1c [+0.4 % (0.2, 0.6); p0.001], no differences were found in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, creatinine, lipid profile and albumin levels in the exposed compared to the unexposed. Compared to unexposed individuals, exposed individuals had an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.35 (1.22, 4.54); p=0.010], visceral obesity [adjusted OR 1.44 (1.09, 1.89); p=0.001] and leanness [adjusted OR 1.92 (1.03, 3.57)]. In contrast, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight and dyslipidemia was similar in both groups.Conclusion: SAM in childhood puts survivors at high risk for NCDs and reduced human capital in adulthood, even in the absence of subsequent nutritional transition. Policymakers and funders interested in combating the global expansion of NCDs in adults might consider the long-term benefit of reducing SAM in childhood as a preventive measure to reduce the socioeconomic burden attributable to NCDs.
Doctorat en Santé Publique
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Samuel, Matemane Iraguha. "Representation of ethnic groups in subnational political institutions: The case of the Democratic Republic of Congo." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6300.
Full textWith approximately 450 tribes and 250 ethnic groups in a territory of 2 345 095 km2,1the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is one of the world's largest, populous, and multiethnolinguistic countries. Since the departure of the Belgian coloniser in 1960, this Member State of the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) is facing a myriad of institutional crises, bloody conflicts and wars, mainly caused by the design of political institutions and the side-lining of some ethnic groups from political institutions. For many decades, Congolese provinces have seen numerous violent ethnic-driven conflicts, which led to institutional instability, political crisis, secessions, massacres and wars. The bloodiest of them all were the first and second Congolese wars. From 1996 to 2002, these so-called "African first world war" cost the DRC the lives of millions of people, divided it into many small "republics" and destroyed the few political and economic infrastructures that survived four decades of institutional instability and dictatorship.
Nabirire, Musa. "L'actualité de l'héritage philosophique de Kant dans la construction d'une paix durable pour le développement de l'Afrique des Grands Lacs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAK012.
Full textThe pacification of the African Great Lakes plagued by violence during these last two decades is the ultimate goal of this thesis. After the failure of several initiatives to end violence in the region, our concern was to look in the Kantism a new reason to hope. Thus, this work attempts to show how the philosophical legacy of Kant can contribute to peace and development in Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo, three countries of the region ravaged by wars. Our approach has been to consider the moral and political thought of Kant in which we found the foundations of this theory of peace developed in the context of wars in Europe. The discussion of its receipt and the rise of nationalism stigmatizing the Kantian cosmopolitanism, has led us to establish a connection between the promotion by the Nazi regime of the aryan race supposed to be superior than others and considered as a model of the social organization, with the spread of similar prejudices by the colonial administration in the African Great Lakes applicant Tutsi supremacy "created to rule " the Hutu and Twa, simple doomed to slavery negroes. Exploited by politicians anxious to gain power, this "racist judgment," unfounded, will be one of the causes of the genocidal massacre in which will be engulfed Rwanda and Burundi before extending its effects on the Congo, where conflicts will take an economic dimension and involve a number of African countries and other non-African actors. However, capitalizing the reemergence of cosmopolitanism recovery by the founders of the League of Nations and those of the UN, we have stressed the relevance of cooperation and articulation of differences as a precondition for lasting peace. With Ricœur and Arendt, two post-Kantians, we launched the foundation for reconciliation in the three countries, referring to the Franco-German and South African experience. We stressed the importance of the reform of the UN institutions and states of the region so that through the republicanism the state of law should be promoted. The hospitality expressed by cosmopolitanism and international trade in the kantian thought, would result states’ cooperation and the gathering of regional organizations in an economic and monetary union which would lay the foundation of a federation of African states and ensure a lasting peace on the continent and in the Great Lakes region