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1
Hernando, Addo, Teguh Ariyanto, and Imam Prasetyo. "Preserving Climacteric Fruits by Ripening Hormone Oxidation using nano-KMnO4 Confined within Nanoporous Carbon." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 19, no. 1 (October 24, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.50875.
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Climacteric fruits naturally can be over-ripened because of ripening hormone composed of ethylene gas. Removal of ethylene gas by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has successfully preserved the fruit, but there is still a room for improvement through nano-confinement process. This study was conducted to compare the ethylene oxidation rate and fruit preservation ability of KMnO4 and nano-KMnO4. Ethylene oxidation experiment was conducted in a gas-tight vial filled with ethylene gas (~20%v) and either KMnO4 or nano-KMnO4. Ethylene gas concentration inside the vial was periodically measured using gas chromatography (GC). The result revealed that ethylene oxidation rate by nano-KMnO4 is higher than KMnO4. The ethylene oxidation rate kinetic was modeled with a gas-solid reaction model, which is fundamentally more accurate than first-order reaction model. Fruit preservation experiment was conducted in sealed containers filled with banana (Musa acuminata) samples and either KMnO4 or nano- KMnO4, and stored at room temperature. The result revealed that banana preservation duration by nano-KMnO4 is remarkably longer than KMnO4, where unpreserved fruit was ripened after 7 days and fruit preserved by KMnO4 and nano-KMnO4 were ripened after 13 and 16 days respectively.
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Dong, Wen Yi, Zi Jun Dong, Feng Ouyang, and Yang Dong. "Potassium Permanganate/ Ozone Combined Oxidation for Minimizing Bromate in Drinking Water." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1490.
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In this study, experiments were conducted to make a comparison in bromate formation between KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation and single ozonation. The effect of KMnO4 dosage, temperature, pH and NOM on bromate formation during KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation was investigated. Result shows that, bromate formation is 26% lower during the process of KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation. The optimal KMnO4 dosage is suggested to be 1mg/L considering balance between bromate inhibition and the residual manganese concentration. When KMnO4 dosage was 1.0mg/L, initial bromide concentration was lower than 80 μg/L, and temperature was below 25°C, combined oxidation can make the formation of bromate under the maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L. Finally, the probable mechanism of the better behavior of KMnO4/O3 combined oxidation was discussed.
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Suhirman, Suhirman, Teguh Ariyanto, and Imam Prasetyo. "Preparation of Potassium Permanganate Confined in Porous Carbon Synthesized from Palm Kernel Shell and its Application for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal." Key Engineering Materials 884 (May 2021): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.77.
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The goal of this study is to investigate the efficacy of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) confined in porous carbon for hydrogen sulfide removal. As porous support, carbon was prepared by carbonization process of abundantly biomass source of palm kernel shell (named KATKS). The surface of porous carbon was first modified using hydrogen peroxide oxidation. The confinement process was carried out by an impregnation process. The KMnO4 contents in porous carbon were varied i.e. 5%, 10%, and 20% w/w (KMnO4-%/KATKS-Ox). Materials were characterized by N2-sorption analysis and SEM-EDX. The results showed that KATKS possesses a high specific surface area of ca. 700 m2/g. Due to the impregnation of KMnO4, the specific surface area of KMnO4-%/KATKS-Ox decreased to ca. 450 m2/g. SEM-EDX revealed a successful confinement process in which elements of K, Mn, and O were displayed and dispersed on the carbon surface. In the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) oxidation testing, KMnO4-20%/KATKS-Ox showed the highest performance of H2S removal compared to other materials due to the high amount of KMnO4. KMnO4-20%/KATKS-Ox could reduce until 98.7% of H2S. This is remarkably higher than only using bulk KMnO4 (without confinement) which showed activity of ca. 70% reduction.
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Kou, Luyao, Junjing Tang, Tu Hu, Baocheng Zhou, and Li Yang. "Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke." Green Processing and Synthesis 9, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0057.
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AbstractThe effect of KMnO4 on the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of semi-coke was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. When 6 wt% KMnO4 was added, the ignition temperature of semi-coke was the lowest. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with different addition amount of KMnO4 was calculated by Coats–Redfern integration method, the apparent activation energy of semi-coke during combustion reaction first decreased and then increased with increase in KMnO4. When 6 wt% KMnO4 is added, the apparent activation energy is minimal. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with 2 wt% KMnO4 added at different conversion rates was calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa integration method. The results show that the apparent activation energy of semi-coke combustion decreases with the increase of conversion.
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Wang, Jing, Hongzhu Ma, Jie Yu, Shanshan Wang, Wenyan He, and Xiaoli Huang. "Studies on phenol removal from wastewater with CTAB-modified bentonite supported KMnO4." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 3, no. 3 (April 4, 2013): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2013.098.
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Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) modified bentonite supported KMnO4 (KMnO4/CTAB-bent) was prepared by solid-phase grinding method, and applied to phenol removal from wastewater. Factors affecting efficiency, such as activated temperature, initial solution pH, KMnO4/CTAB-bent dosage, phenol initial concentration and reaction temperature on degradation were investigated. It was found that pH significantly affected the degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency. The results show that over 92% degradation and 60.58% COD removal efficiency can be obtained in 30 min. The surface properties and structure of KMnO4/CTAB-bent were measured by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. However, it was demonstrated that the KMnO4/CTAB-bent was deactivated quickly during phenol degradation after the second cycle, indicating that the stability of KMnO4/CTAB-bent needs to be further improved.
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Liu, Cheng, Siyuan He, Bin Wang, Jie Wang, and Wei Chen. "Enhanced performance and mechanism of KMnO4 pre-oxidation to coagulation on the removal of the DON and proteins." Water Supply 16, no. 5 (April 26, 2016): 1432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.070.
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Proteins were the main category of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in eutrophicate water sources and posed a threat to the water quality safety and common operation of water plants, while the KMnO4 pre-oxidation and coagulation were the two important ways to control the organics. Intracellular organic matter (IOM) and phycocyanin were chosen as the target DON to study the performance of KMnO4 pre-oxidation to the enhanced removal effects for coagulation process, and molecular weight distribution, hydrophobicity, two-dimensional electrophoresis and MnO2 adsorption experiment were used to study the mechanism. The results showed that KMnO4 pre-oxidation enhanced the IOM and phycocyanin removal performance of coagulation significantly, although poor removal was found for KMnO4 oxidation alone. KMnO4 pre-oxidation altered the molecular weight, hydrophobicity and proteins' categories insignificantly. However, the in-situ formed MnO2 showed better adsorption ability for the IOM and phycocyanin. The main enhanced removal mechanism was the adsorption of MnO2 formed from the reduction of KMnO4 and little difference existed between the IOM and phycocyanin. In addition, the KMnO4 pre-oxidation could enhance the turbidity removal of the coagulation due to a similar mechanism.
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Reinert, F., P. Steiner, and S. Hüfner. "Electron spectroscopy on KMnO4." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 140-144 (February 1995): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)01060-9.
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Reinert, F., P. Steiner, P. Blaha, R. Claessen, R. Zimmermann, and S. Hüfner. "Electron spectroscopy on KMnO4." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 76 (December 1995): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(95)02424-7.
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Kang, Xu, and Guang Ming Zhang. "Use KMnO4 to Control Bromate Formation during Drinking Water Ozonation: Influencing Factors." Advanced Materials Research 499 (April 2012): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.499.405.
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This formation of bromate during ozonation of polluted source water has long caused great concerns. This paper used KMnO4 to control the bromate formation during water ozonation. KMnO4 was added 10 min prior ozone to oxidize the organic pollutants. The initial Br- concentration was 1000 μg/L. The results showed that the bromate formation efficiency was low (<5%) during KMnO4-ozone oxidation. Among KMnO4 dose, ozone dose, and source water TOC, the single most important factor for bromate formation was the ozone dose. When the ozone dose was 3 mg/L or higher, the bromate concentration exceeded the national standard no matter what level of KMnO4 was used. The organic pollution level had little influence on the bromate formation.
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Zhang, Yukun, Haishan Dong, Peng Yan, and Xue Zheng. "Research on removal of manganese in drinking water by potassium permanganate." E3S Web of Conferences 260 (2021): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126001025.
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Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4), which is a kind of strong oxidizer, is used in water production. As KMnO4 containing Manganese, the Manganese concentration may get higher concentration by overdosing additives, however, there isn’t any conclusion of the dosing interval in the present study. This paper used Manganese sand as catalyst and KMnO4 as oxidizer, trying to determine the optimal amount of the oxidizers, the dosing ratio and the dosing limit. The results showed that KMnO4 could remove manganese in drinking water effectively, when the addition ratio was 3.9, the removal efficiency of manganese reached 98%.
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Bal, Erdinc. "Extension of the Postharvest Life of Nectarine Using Modified Atmosphere Packaging and Potassium Permanganate Treatment." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1362. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1362-1369.1972.
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The effects of combinations of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) based ethylene scrubbers on the storage life and fruit quality of nectarine (Prunus persica cv. Bayramiç Beyazı) were investigated. Three different types of ethylene sachets (contained 3, 7 and 10 g KMnO4) were used and placed beside fruits in polypropylene baskets then lined with MAP. Fruits were stored at 0-1°C and 90% relative humidity throughout 40 day. During the cooling storage period, O2 and CO2 percentage in MAP, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total antioxidant content and chilling injury (CI) were determined at 10 day interval. KMnO4 treated fruits had shown delayed ripening, reduced respiration and retained of higher firmness. As the dose of KMnO4 treatment increased, it was determined more positive effect on fruit quality. 10 g KMnO4 treatment was most effective in the retention of higher biochemical compounds and inhibition of CI symptoms. The results indicate that KMnO4 treatment, as well as MAP application, should be highly recommended for retaining the fruit quality of cold-stored ‘Bayramiç Beyazı’ nectarines and fruits treated with 10 g doses of KMnO4 could be stored for 40 days with good quality.
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Arista, Mei Lianti, Winarso Drajad Widodo, and Ketty Suketi. "Penggunaan Kalium Permanganat sebagai Oksidan Etilen untuk Memperpanjang Daya Simpan Pisang Raja Bulu." Buletin Agrohorti 5, no. 3 (November 14, 2017): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrob.v5i3.16471.
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Pisang merupakan buah klimakterik dengan laju respirasi yang meningkat. Peningkatan laju respirasi selama proses pematangan dipicu oleh emisi etilen secara autokatalitik. Laju respirasi pisang dapat dihambat dengan menonaktifkan etilen dengan menggunakan perlakuan kimiawi, salah satunya dengan penggunaan KMnO4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari penghambatan laju respirasi pisang Raja Bulu selama penyimpanan menggunakan KMnO4 dan memperoleh konsentrasi KMnO4 untuk memperpanjang daya simpan pisang Raja Bulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 1 bulan mulai dari Februari sampai Maret 2013 di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, yaitu KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, dan kontrol (tanpa KMnO4). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji F dan perlakuan yang mempengaruhi dianalisis dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Parameter yang diukur adalah laju respirasi, indeks skala warna kulit buah, umur simpan, susut bobot, edible part, kekerasan kulit buah, padatan terlarut total, asam tertitrasi total, dan kandungan vitamin C. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, dan 22.5% dapat menghambat laju respirasi pisang selama penyimpanan sehingga menunda puncak klimakterik pisang Raja Bulu 1-2 hari dibandingkan kontrol. Penggunaan KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, dan 22.5% tidak mempengaruhi kualitas fisik dan kimia pisang Raja Bulu.
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Su, Rong Jun. "Study on Different Advanced Oxidations of Cafeteria Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 1326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.1326.
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KMnO4 was selected as oxidizers for the oxidation and degradation of cafeteria wastewater. The treatment effects were evaluated by the changes of COD and BOD5 parameters. Orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the processing conditions based on the single affected factor. The optimized controlling conditions for KMnO4 treatment process were KMnO4=0.3 mmol/L, pH=2, reaction time=60 minutes respectively. The COD removal ratios using KMnO4, ClO2, Fenton reagent treatment were 26%, 55% and 82% respectively. It showed that of Fenton was highest. But after its oxidation, it created other refractory substance and the produced sludge was also difficult to settle down. When using ClO2, the pH in process is closer to neutral, thus saved large quantity of acid. The treatment using KMnO4 showed there was little refractory precipitation, but its COD removal was too low.
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Yao, Ji Ming, and Sai Nan Wei. "Effects of Potassium Permanganate Decoloration on Denim Shade." Advanced Materials Research 627 (December 2012): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.627.190.
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Three kinds of denims were treated by the use of KMnO4/H3PO4 solutions. The decoloration processes were controlled by processing time, KMnO4 and H3PO4 concentrations. The denim color shades before and after treatment were measured and compared. The results showed that the brightness of denim generally was enhanced by increasing processing time、KMnO4 and H3PO4 concentrations. Color shade changed depending on denim types.
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Deng, Wenna, Zimai Zhou, Xuan Zhang, Yilin Yang, Yanqiu Sun, Yue Wang, and Tingyi Liu. "Remediation of arsenic(III) from aqueous solutions using zero-valent iron (ZVI) combined with potassium permanganate and ferrous ions." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.512.
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Abstract A system of zerovalent iron combined with potassium permanganate and ferrous irons (Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI) was used to remove As(III), one of the most poisonous wastewater pollutants. The Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI system was characterized by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The As(III) removal efficiency by the Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI system under different conditions was investigated and the experimental data were fitted to adsorption kinetics and isotherm models. As(III) could be removed by both physisorption and chemisorption through mixing adsorbents in a very short time (minute scale) with high removal ratios (more than 99.5%) over a wide range of pH (1–9) and concentration (20–100 mg/L). The removal of As(III) by the Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI system agreed well with pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics. The Freundlich isotherm provided a good model of the adsorption system, indicating that the Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI system has heterogeneous structure. The results show that the Fe(II)-KMnO4-ZVI system exhibited a high removal efficiency for As(III), which suggested that it might be an effective material for As(III) remediation.
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Wang, Peng, Jiang Wu, Ping He, Jie He Chen, Qian Yan Liu, Cai Feng, Jian Wen Zhang, Ru Yin Wei, and Yue Han. "Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Modified Ca-Based Sorbents and its Mercury Adsorption Capability in the Flue Gas." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.971.
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In this paper, Ca-based sorbent, Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3, was modified with different concentration of KMnO4 and their mercury adsorption capability in the flue gas was experimentally conducted by using a lab-scale multi-phase flow reactor system developed by Shanghai University of Electric Power, and the result showed that the removal efficiency of flue gas mercury of Ca-based sorbent was greatly improved with modification by different concentration of KMnO4, and the removal efficiencies were 80.92%，85.38%，82.35%，83.51% and 89.84% respectively. The removal efficiencies of Ca(OH)2 modified with KMnO4 is increased significantly may be because strong oxidation of KMnO4 made Hg0 convert into oxidized mercury, Hg2 +, which is easier to be removed, as well as, the modification by KMnO4 may change the surface properties of Ca(OH)2 so that it became more active to capture mercury in the flue gas.
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Bian, Siyao, Shuang Xu, Zhibing Yin, Sen Liu, Jihui Li, Shuying Xu, and Yucang Zhang. "An Efficient Strategy for Enhancing the Adsorption Capabilities of Biochar via Sequential KMnO4-Promoted Oxidative Pyrolysis and H2O2 Oxidation." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052641.
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In this study, sequential KMnO4-promoted oxidative pyrolysis and H2O2 oxidation were employed to upgrade the adsorption capacities of durian shell biochar for methylene blue (MB) and tetracycline (TC) in an aqueous solution. It was found that the KMnO4/H2O2 co-modification was greatly influenced by pyrolysis temperature and the optimal temperature was 300 °C. Moreover, a low concentration of H2O2 enabled the improvement of the adsorption capabilities greatly with the catalysis of pre-impregnated manganese oxides, addressing the shortcoming of single H2O2 modification. The co-modified biochar exhibited high adsorption capabilities for MB and TC, remarkably surpassed KMnO4- and H2O2- modified biochars as well as pristine biochar. The increase of adsorption capabilities could be mainly contributed to the incorporation of MnOx and carboxyl by KMnO4-promoted oxidative decomposition and Mn-catalyzed H2O2 oxidation. This would provide a novel and efficient method for preparing highly adsorptive biochar using sequential KMnO4-promoted oxidative pyrolysis and H2O2 oxidation.
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Pradhana, Adhitya Yudha, Rokhani Hasbullah, and Y. Aris Purwanto. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN KALIUM PERMANGANAT TERHADAP MUTU PISANG (CV. MAS KIRANA) PADA KEMASAN ATMOSFIR TERMODIFIKASI AKTIF (Effect of potassium permanganate adding on banana (Cv. Mas Kirana) fruit quality in active modified atmosphere packaging)." Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 10, no. 2 (January 18, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v10n2.2013.83-94.
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<p>Cv. Mas Kirana merupakan salah satu varietas pisang yang populer, umumnya tumbuh di Indonesia dan merupakan pendukung utama industri dan perdagangan pisang domestik dan ekspor. Kendala dan masalah utama yang berkaitan dengan penanganan pascapanen pisang segar adalah umur simpan dan penanganan pascapanen yang kurang tepat. Ada kebutuhan untuk menemukan cara penyimpanan yang tepat untuk memperpanjang umur simpan dan mempertahankan kualitas buah pada kemasan ritel untuk pasar domestik. Kemasan Atmosfir termodifikasi (MAP) adalah teknik yang ideal dan dikenal memiliki potensi besar untuk memperpanjang umur simpan pasca panen pisang dengan kalium Permanganat (KMnO4) sachet sebagai penyerap etilen yang digunakan dalam MAP untuk menyerap produksi etilen endogen. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi umur simpan dan kualitas buah dalam kemasan MAP, dengan atau tanpa penyerap etilen (KMnO4). Data diperoleh dari analisis fisik, kimia dan evaluasi sensori yang dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam dan uji Duncan (p<0.05) untuk mendapatkan pengaruh nyata rata-rata perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur simpan buah pisang yang dikemas dalam White Stretch Film (WSF) dengan KMnO4 (MAP aktif) pada suhu 28 °C dapat memperpanjang sampai 10 hari dibandingkan dengan 6 hari untuk pisang kontrol yang dikemas dalam WSF tanpa KMnO4 (MAP pasif). Perlakuan WSF dengan KMnO4 menunda susut bobot, warna, total padatan terlarut, dan vitamin C dibanding pisang kontrol tanpa KMnO4. Kualitas organoleptik atau sensori (warna, aroma, dan rasa) buah yang matang penuh untuk kemasan WSF tanpa atau dengan KMnO4 sangat baik.</p><p>Kata kunci :Kemasan atmosfir termodifikasi aktif, kalium permanganat, penyerap etilen, pisang</p><p>English Version Abstract</p><p>Cv. Mas Kirana is one of popular banana variety commonly grown in Indonesia and the mainstay of banana industry for both domestic and export trades. Major constraints and problem associated with postharvest handling of fresh banana are short shelf life and lack of postharvest handling. There is a need to find appropriate storage method in order to extend the storage life to mantain the fruit quality for retail packaging for domestic market. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) packaging is an ideal preservation technique and is known to have great potential to extending the postharvest life of banana with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) sachets as ethylene absorbent were used in MAP to absorb endogenously produced ethylene. The purpose of this study was to evaluated for fruit quality and shelf life under MAP packaging, with or without an ethylene absorber (KMnO4). The data obtained from physico chemical analysis and sensory evaluation were analyzed statically for analysis of variance with Duncan test (p<0.05) was used to detect significant differences for the treatment means. The results indicate that the shelf life of fruits packed under White Stretch Film (WSF) with KMnO4 (active MAP) at 28 °C could be extended up to 10 days compared to 6 days for banana control packed under WSF without KMnO4 (passive MAP). WSF with KMnO4 treatments delayed weight loss, colour, total soluble solids (TSS), and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) as compared to control banana without KMnO4. Sensory quality (colour, aroma, and taste) of fully ripe fruits of both WSF without or with KMnO4 was very good.</p><p>Keywords : Active modified atmosfir packaging, potassium permanganate, ethylene absorbent, banana</p>
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Ocanto-Uzcategui, Freddy William, Edith Maria Figueredo-Ruiz, Carlos Felipe Linares, and Yelitza Coromoto Grandas. "Síntesis de Zeolitas tipo Cancrinita de Sulfato mediante la reacción Redox Permanganato-Tiosulfato." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.fac.cienc.v8n2.78901.
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Se estudió la influencia de la composición aniónica en la reacción redox permanganato-tiosulfato en la síntesis de la zeolita tipo cancrinita de sulfato, utilizando diferentes concentraciones de NaOH: 8, 12 y 16 M, y diferentes relaciones en peso KMnO4/(Na2S2O3+KMnO4) comprendidos entre 0 y 100%. La síntesis se realizó a partir de zeolita X, presión autógena y 80 ºC por 240 h. Los sólidos fueron caracterizados mediante las técnicas de difracción de rayos X (DRX), espectroscopia infrarrojo con transformada de Fourier (FT-IR) y análisis elemental por EDX. Los resultados mostraron, independientemente de la concentración de la base: que con un 100% de KMnO4, se generó la cancrinita de manganato. Con un 0, 25 y 50 % p/p en KMnO4 en el gel de reacción, se forma la cancrinita de tiosulfato. Para un 75% p/p en KMnO4 se obtuvo la cancrinita de sulfato producto de la reacción redox entre el permanganato y el tiosulfato. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que ocurrió una reacción redox para las composiciones aniónicas 25, 50, 75 y 100% en KMnO4. El orden de poder moldeante en la formación de la zeolita tipo cancrinita es: S2O32- >SO42- >>MnO4-
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Hastings, Jesse, and Eung Lee. "Optimization and Analysis of a Slow-Release Permanganate Gel for Groundwater Remediation in Porous and Low-Permeability Media." Water 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060755.
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Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) like trichloroethylene (TCE) serve as the most common form of groundwater pollution in the world. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidant that can quickly destroy DNAPLs into innocuous products. Slow-release permanganate gel (SRPG), a mixture of colloidal silica (CS) and KMnO4, has been recently developed as novel treatment option for dilute and large plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater. The objective of this study was to characterize and optimize gelling and release properties of a SRPG solution in saturated porous media. It was hypothesized that CS and KMnO4 content of the SRPG constrain gelation and release duration. Batch and column tests showed that gelation could be delayed through manipulation of the KMnO4 content. In column tests, silica content had little effect on the gelation lag stage and release rate but influenced duration of permanganate release. Flow tank tests comparing Bindzil 1440 (B-40) SRPGs with pure KMnO4 solutions under varying media conditions demonstrated that the presence of CS enhanced lateral spread and prolonged release duration of the oxidant.
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Matsukawa, Yuji, and Kazuo Umemura. "Detection of Redox Properties of (6,5)-Enriched Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)." C — Journal of Carbon Research 6, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6020030.
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It has been reported that even if single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are coated with the same polymer, the redox characteristics change of each chirality may differ. Particularly, the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) minimally affects the near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra of the dsDNA-(6,5)-enriched SWNT complex (DNA-SWNT complex). Detecting the redox properties of (6,5) chirality using NIR absorption spectra has been one of the issues to be solved. We hypothesized that an oxidizing agent with high oxidizing power is required to detect the absorption spectra of (6,5) chirality. In this study, we used KMnO4, which contains atoms with a high oxidation number. A dispersion was prepared by mixing 0.5 mg of (6,5)-enriched SWNT powder with 1 mg/mL of DNA solution. After adding H2O2 or KMnO4 to this dispersion and oxidizing it, catechin solutions were added to reduce the dispersion. The absorption peak of the DNA-SWNT complex decreased by 23.9% following the addition of KMnO4 (final concentration: 0.5 µM) and recovered 30.7% following the addition of the catechin solution. We revealed that the changes in the absorption spectra change of (6,5) chirality, which could not be detected by H2O2, can be detected by using KMnO4. We also varied the concentration of KMnO4 and verified whether the adsorption of KMnO4 can be modeled as a Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
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Wang, Yu, Chuen-Her Ueng, L. W. Lee, M. C. Chuang, Y. Lepage, and E. J. Gabe. "Deformation Density Study of KMnO4." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 36, no. 1 (February 1989): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.198900008.
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Ding, Ruyue, Chao Liu, and Fencun Xie. "The combination of KMnO4 with HMO for cyclic adsorption of heavy metal ions and regeneration of adsorbents." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 8 (March 23, 2021): 1987–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.108.
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Abstract In this experiment, three kinds of hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) with different Zeta potentials were synthesized, and combined with KMnO4 for deep removal of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+. The competitive adsorption of three heavy metal ions was also investigated. The results indicated that the stronger the acidity, the higher the Zeta potential (-54.3) of the synthesized HMO. After regenerating HMO with acidic KMnO4 as eluent, the removal rates of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ could still reach 79.25%, 80.13% and 60.43% after five cycles of adsorption. The promoting mechanism of KMnO4's effect on HMO was analyzed by SEM, TEM, EDS, FTIR, XRD, XPS, BET, and UV-vis. After absorbing heavy metal ions, HMO will release part of Mn (II), and the released Mn (II) reacts with KMnO4 to form a small amount of highly active in-situ HMO. The ‘HMO + KMnO4’ system can not only improve the removal rate of heavy metal ions by HMO, and reduce the amount of adsorbent, but also remove the released Mn (II). Because of its reproducibility, efficiency and simplicity, the research on water purification materials and technologies is of significance.
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Hu, Shou Tian, Xiang Hua Kong, Hui Yang, and Rui Hong Sun. "Anticorrosive Films Prepared by Incorporating Permanganate Modified Carbon Nanotubes into Waterborne Polyurethane Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1157.
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In this paper the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on anticorrosion properties was discussed. KMnO4 modified carbon nanotubes were added into Waterborne PolyUrethane, then galvanized steel sheets were dipped into this composites to get a thin film and dried at 120 °C for 60 seconds. SEM observation show the film thickness was 3 µm and CNTs were dispersed in the polymer matrix. XRD demonstrated that some KMnO4 decomposed into K2MnO4 and MnO2. Polarization curves demonstrated the film exhibited excellent anticorrosion when the amount of KMnO4 modified CNTs was 6%.
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Silva, Danieele Fabíola Pereira da, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Paulo Roberto Cecon, and Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira. "Efeito de absorvedor de etileno na conservação de mamão "Golden", armazenado à temperatura ambiente." Revista Ceres 57, no. 6 (December 2010): 706–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-737x2010000600002.
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O objetivo foi determinar a dose de permanganato de potássio (KMnO4), associada à embalagem plástica, mais eficiente em retardar o amadurecimento do mamão 'Golden', armazenado sob temperatura ambiente. Conjuntos de três frutos com massa média unitária de 278,8±18,9 g foram embalados em filmes de polietileno de baixa densidade, nos quais foram incluídos sachês, contendo vermiculita impregnada com o KMnO4, nas doses de 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 g/ embalagem. Os frutos embalados foram armazenados durante 15 dias, a 20,0 ± 0,5 °C e 90 ± 5% de UR. Após esse período, foram mantidos na mesma temperatura, porém, fora das embalagens. As avaliações foram feitas no dia da retirada das embalagens e nos cinco dias consecutivos. Foram avaliados a concentração de CO2 no interior das embalagens, a produção de CO2, a cor da casca, a perda de massa da matéria fresca do fruto e a firmeza da polpa, o extravasamento de solutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis e a concentração de etanol da polpa. Após 15 dias de permanência nas embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 apresentaram menores produção de CO2, índice de cor da casca, perda de eletrólitos celulares e teor de etanol, porém, maior firmeza da polpa, quando comparados com frutos sem aplicação de KMnO4, indicando que os frutos não tratados tiveram amadurecimento antecipado. Após a retirada das embalagens, os frutos tratados com KMnO4 permaneceram firmes durante dois dias de avaliação. A dose de 1,0 g de KMnO4/embalagem foi a mais indicada para as condições do experimento.
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Zhao, Xiao En. "Study on the Pathway of CS Stimulant with KMnO4 Solution." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.199.
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On base of the main decomposition approaches for CS, the decontamination pathway on CS stimulant with KMnO4 solution was studied through the UV tests. In this paper, with the purpose of safe decontamination for environment, KMnO4 solution has been chosen to change the CS into non-toxic and non-irritating substances with boric acid as catalyst by oxidation-reduction reaction. The results of test showed that KMnO4 solution at the low concentration can finish the effective and safe decontamination of CS in a short time, which was also in accordance with the requirements of human security.
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Zhao, He, Liang Wang, Zhao Hui Zhang, Bin Zhao, Hong Wei Zhang, He Zhang, and Rui Ma. "Study on Chemical Pre-Oxidation Enhanced Coagulation for Micro-Polluted Raw Water Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 777 (September 2013): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.472.
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The present paper studied the enhanced effects of O3 and KMnO4 as chemical oxidants on traditional coagulation for micro-polluted raw water treatment. Results showed that pre-oxidation using either ozone or KMnO4 could effectively improve the removal of turbidity and organic matters by coagulation. Compared with mere coagulation by polyaluminium chloride (PAC), pre-oxidation using 2 mg/l O3 for 20 minutes could increase the removal rates of both turbidity and total organic carbon by 5.33% and 5.06%. However, the effectiveness of pre-oxidation using KMnO4 was not as significant as that using O3. Besides the direct mineralization of small organic molecules into CO2 and H2O, O3 and KMnO4 could also destroy complex macromolecules in raw water. Therefore, the SUVA value of the effluent decreased markedly after the pre-oxidation and the subsequent coagulation. Based on these results, the process of chemical pre-oxidation enhance coagulation were expected to reduce the disinfection by-products formation potential.
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Napitupulu, Besman. "Kajian Beberapa Bahan Penunda Kematangan Terhadap Mutu Buah Pisang Barangan Selama Penyimpanan." Jurnal Hortikultura 23, no. 3 (May 25, 2016): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v23n3.2013.p263-275.
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<p>Pisang Barangan merupakan buah tropik yang spesifik lokasi dan sebagai sumberdaya genetik di Sumatera Utara yang pemasarannya telah sampai ke Jakarta, Riau (Batam), Jambi, Bandung, dan provinsi lainnya. Dalam upaya untuk memperpanjang masa simpan pisang Barangan beberapa bahan penunda kematangan digunakan yaitu kalium permanganat (KMnO), kalsium hidroksida Ca(OH), dan asam askorbat. Tujuan pengkajian ialah untuk mendapatkan alternatif teknologi penunda kematangan dalam upaya memperpanjang masa simpan buah pisang Barangan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2009 di Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Penyimpanan pisang Barangan dilakukan dalam bentuk tandan dan sisir yang dikemas dengan sistem udara termodifikasi. Pisang Barangan dalam bentuk tandan yang dikemas dalam plastik polietilen densitas rendah dengan memasukkan etilen absorben (KMnO24), Ca(OH), dan asam askorbat diperoleh masa simpan segar mencapai 25 hari dan merupakan perlakuan terbaik, kemudian diikuti perlakuan dengan memasukkan KMnO24 dan Ca(OH) yang dapat memperpanjang masa simpan segar pisang Barangan selama 20 hari. Demikian juga halnya pisang Barangan dalam bentuk sisir dikemas dengan sistem udara termodifikasi menggunakan plastik polietilen densitas rendah dikemas dengan menambahkan KMnO4, Ca(OH), dan asam askorbat yang merupakan kemasan primer, selanjutnya dikemas ke dalam kotak karton sebagai kemasan sekunder, menghasilkan ketahanan simpan buah pisang Barangan segar selama 25 hari pada suhu kamar. Perlakuan dengan memasukkan bahan penunda kematangan KMnO24, Ca(OH), dan asam askorbat menunjukkan mutu buah pisang Barangan masih layak pasar pada penyimpanan 20 dan 25 hari disimpan suhu kamar. Implikasi hasil kajian ini merupakan metode penggunaan bahan penunda kematangan diharapkan dapat digunakan petani dan pedagang untuk memperpanjang ketahanan simpan buah pisang Barangan dalam bentuk tandan maupun sisir sehingga penataan dan jangkauan distribusi pemasaran dapat diperluas. </p>
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Li, Mei, Ke Feng Zhang, and Xin Wang. "Experimental Study on Water Purification by Combination Processes of KMnO4 Pre-Oxidation and Flotation-Sedimentation Tank." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3912.
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Low temperature and low turbidity surface water is difficult to be treated using the traditional water treatment process, especially microamount organic matter and odor compounds in the water is hardly to be removed. The aim of this paper was to study the removal effects of treating reservoir water derived from Yellow River by combination processes of KMnO4 pre-oxidation and flotation-sedimentation tank. The results showed that the best dosage of KMnO4 was 0.3mg/L and removal efficiency of CODMn, UV254 and turbidity after KMnO4 pre-oxidation was 20.52%, 20.17% and 13.88%, especially. The combination processes have the advantage of treating the surface water at low temperature and low turbidity
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Haryanti, Ninis Hadi, Suryajaya Suryajaya, Lies Banowati, Mawaddatur Rahmah, and Akhmad Safi'i. "MODIFICATION OF PURUN TIKUS (ELEOCHARIS DULCIS) AS A NATURAL FIBER COMPOSITE USING KMnO4 AND NaOH." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.061.05.
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The choice of natural fibers as a composite reinforcing material is related to the advantages of being cheap, abundant, renewable, and environmentally friendly. This research was conducted to study the effect of de-lignification treatment on the properties of purun tikus (Eleocharis Dulcis) fiber. Purun tikus fiber has been modified with the alkaline treatment of KMnO4 2% and NaOH 5%. This treatment was mainly applied to improve the physical and chemical properties of purun tikus fiber. Changes in chemical characteristics (water, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose), physical (density), mechanical (tensile strength), morphology, and elemental content of purun tikus before and after treated with alkaline were studied. The measurements showed an increase in water content and density while lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose were decreased. Thus the alkaline treatment of KMnO4 2% and NaOH 5% reduced lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose of the purun tikus fiber to reduce the size of the fibers, as shown in SEM measurements. There was a change in elemental content after being treated with KMnO4 2% and NaOH 5%. NaOH treatment was better than KMnO4 treatment in terms of removing lignin and hemicellulose in purun tikus fiber. Although the tensile strength of the purun fibers treated with KMnO4 2% and NaOH 5% were lower than untreated, with less lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, it is expected that these fibers will blend better in the composite and improved its mechanical properties.
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Siddique, Amna, Tanveer Hussain, Waseem Ibrahim, Zulfiqar Ali Raza, and Sharjeel Abid. "Optimization of discharge printing of indigo denim using potassium permanganate via response surface regression." Pigment & Resin Technology 47, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2016-0100.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as an efficient discharging agent for indigo-dyed denim fabrics and identification of key variables for its cost-efficient implication. Design/methodology/approach Response surface methodology, which is a statistical technique for the optimization of process variables, was used to study the effect of three key variables, i.e. KMnO4 concentration, printing paste pH and reaction time on whiteness and strength of discharged printed fabric. Regression models were developed to predict response variables, i.e whiteness, tensile strength and tear strength of discharge printed denim. Findings It was found that some captivating discharge printing effects could be produced using appropriate KMnO4 concentration, printing paste pH and reaction time without any significant loss in the fabric strength. Practical implications This study highlights the practical implication of KMnO4 to be used as a safe and effective discharging agent under different conditions and to optimize the parameters using statistical analysis to ensure minimum loss in textile properties. The use of denim has evolved over the decades from a rough and tough workwear to highly fashionable apparel. Various dry and wet processing techniques have been introduced in recent years for the value-addition of denim – discharge printing is one of them. As lab to bulk reproducibility requires some sort of experience and adjustments in main parameters, the practical feasibility on the bulk scale should be adjusted in advance by means of the lab scale experimentation. Originality/value The KMnO4 oxidation process is considered eco-friendly because manganese dioxide, which is formed when permanganate is reduced, can be recycled. Thus, the use of KMnO4 can be considered as an eco-friendly safe process for the discharging of indigo dyes.
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Mirkovitch, J., and J. E. Darnell. "Mapping of RNA polymerase on mammalian genes in cells and nuclei." Molecular Biology of the Cell 3, no. 10 (October 1992): 1085–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.3.10.1085.
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The assembly of an RNA polymerase II initiation complex at a promoter is associated with the melting of the DNA template to allow the polymerase to read the DNA sequence and synthesize the corresponding RNA. Using the specific single-stranded modifying reagent KMnO4 and a new genomic sequencing technique, we have explored the melted regions of specific genes in genomic DNA of whole cells or of isolated nuclei. We have demonstrated for the first time in vivo the melting in the promoter proximal transcribed region that is associated with the presence of RNA polymerase II complexes. An interferon-inducible gene, ISG-54, exhibited KMnO4 sensitivity over approximately 300 nucleotides downstream of the RNA initiation site in interferon-treated cells when the gene was actively transcribed but not in untreated cells where the gene was not transcribed. The extent of KMnO4 modification was proportional to transcription levels. The KMnO4 sensitivity was retained when nuclei were isolated from induced cells but was lost if the engaged polymerases were further allowed to elongate the nascent RNA chains ("run-on"). The sensitivity to KMnO4 in isolated nuclei was retained if the run-on incubation was performed in the presence of alpha-amanitin, which blocks progress of engaged polymerases. A similar analysis identified an open sequence of only approximately 30 bases just downstream of the start site of the transthyretin (TTR) gene in nuclei isolated from mouse liver, a tissue where TTR is actively transcribed. This abrupt boundary of KMnO4 sensitivity, which was removed completely by allowing engaged polymerases to elongate RNA chains, suggests that most polymerases transcribing this gene paused at about position +20. The possibility of mapping at the nucleotide level the position of actively transcribing RNA polymerases in whole cells or isolated nuclei opens new prospects in the study of transcription initiation and elongation.
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Al MUZAHID, Md Abu Abdullah, Most Mahbuba KHANUM, and Md Ferdous MONDAL. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY AND POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON THE EXTENSION OF SHELF LIFE AND QUALITY OF BANANA." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 53, no. 4 (2021): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46909/cerce-2020-038.
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An experiment was carried out in the Laboratories of the Departments of Horticulture and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during the period from 23rd April to 10th May 2015. The two factors experiment was conducted for extension of shelf life and quality of banana under different postharvest treatments. The first factor was stages of maturity which had three maturity stages, viz.: 1) hard green (S1), 2) pale green (S2) and optimum maturity stage (S3). The second factor was postharvest treatments, which had five treatments, viz.: 1) control (room temperature), 2) keeping fruits in perforated plastic bag, 3) keeping fruits in perforated plastic bag containing KMnO4, 4) fruits treated with hot water for 5 min at 50°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4, and 5) fruits pre-cooling for 30 min at 5°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4. The pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, titratable acidity, were greater when fruits were harvested at optimum maturity stage than hard green stage. Total soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar were increased with storage duration, but increasing trend was slower when fruits were pre-cooling at 5°C for 30 min and kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4. The longest shelf life of banana fruits (19 days) was observed when hard green stages fruits pre-cooling at 5°C for 30 min and kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4 and the minimum shelf life (5.87 days) was observed in the combination of optimum maturity stage + control. So, it may be concluded that pre-cooling for 30 min at 5°C and then kept in plastic bag containing KMnO4 treatment should be used for extending shelf life and quality of banana.
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Sriyanti, Sriyanti, and Taslimah Taslimah. "Evaluasi Model Langmuir-Hinshelwood untuk Kinetika Adsorpsi Besi(III) pada 2-Merkaptobenzotiazol-Zeolit Alam." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.7.2.39-45.
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Telah dibuat adsorben dengan mengimpregnasikan 2-merkaptobenzotiazol pada padatan pendukung zeolit alam yang sebelumnya telah dilapisi polistirena. Adsorben yang dihasilkan selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengadsorpsi besi (III) dalam medium air. Sebelum impregnasi zeolit diberi perlakuan fisikokimia, meliputi pemanasan 80 0C dalam campuran KMnO4 dengan H2SO4; KMnO4 dengan HCl dan KMnO4 dengan H2SO4, dilanjutkan dengan HCl. Kajian kinetika dilakukan dengan variasi waktu kontak terhadap banyaknya besi (III) yang teradsorpsi menggunakan metode batch. Model kinetika Langmuir-Hinshelwood digunakan untuk mengesti-masi besarnya konstanta laju, dan perubahan energi bebas adsorpsi. Sebagai evaluasi digunakan model kinetika adsorpsi melalui dua proses, cepat dan lambat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan awal KMnO4-H2SO4-HCl pada zeolit alam dapat dinyatakan sebagai cara paling efektif untuk menurunkan aluminium (dealu-minasi). Data adsorpsi ion besi (III) pada adsorben yang dibuat dari zeolit alam dengan perlakuan awal tersebut menunjukkan besi (III) teradsorpsi paling lambat baik dengan model Langmuir-Hinshelwood (k1=0,39x10-2 menit-1) maupun model adsorpsi dua proses (laju cepat (kc)= 3,66x10-2 menit-1, laju lambat (kl)= 0,106 menit-1). Dari data energi bebas, besi(III) teradsorpsi secara fisik.
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Bala, Suman, and Jitender Kumar. "Studies on biochemical constituents of sapota (Manilkara zapota L.) at different stages of ripening during storage." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1520.
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Sapota fruits (Var. Cricket Ball) of three different ripening stages i.e. mature(≥ 13 kg/cm2), half ripe (6-7 kg/cm2), and full ripe (2-3 kg/cm2), were packed with newspaper soaked with 3 dosages (1000 ppm, 2000 ppm and 3000 ppm) of ethylene absorbent (KMnO4) along with control and stored at normal room temperature by packing in cardboard boxes. It was observed that specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols decreased whereas cumulative loss in weight and malondialdehyde content increased with increasing period of storage. Fruits packed in different concentrations of KMnO4 soaked paper had less cumulative loss and retained more content of specific gravity, ascorbic acid and total phenols in all three stages. But less malondialdehyde content was observed. The effect of KMnO4 increased with increasing concentrations of KMnO4 in all three stages. As a result, more desirable content was noted in fruits packed with 3000 ppm concentration of KMnO4in mature fruits. This work relates to enhancement of shelf life of sapote so that it may be transported to far off places.
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Yan, Xue Min, Yuan Zhu Mi, and Lin Xiong. "SHS and Properties of Perovskite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Powders by Using Dual Oxidants." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.671.
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Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (SHS) was used to prepare complex oxide La0.7Sr0.3MnO3, which is used as the cathode in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Experiments show that La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 can be prepared via SHS under moderate conditions from a mixture of La2O3-SrO2-Mn-NaClO4-KMnO4，using NaClO4-KMnO4 as dual oxidants. The proper addition of the second phase oxidant KMnO4 makes the combustion wave movement stable. The product powders have an average particle size of 1-2μm and the particles are small aggregate. Pellets were sintered at 900 °C, 30 MPa for 10 min by spark plasma sinter (SPS). The electrical conductivity of sintered sample was 170 S•cm-1 at 1000 °C in air.
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Han, Xiao, Li Li Feng, Jin Ge Li, Peng Yi Zhang, and Hao Li. "The Effect of KMnO4 Concentration on the Catalytic Activity of MnOx/Luffa Sponge Composites." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.422.
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MnOx/ luffa sponge composites were prepared by loading MnOx on/in porous luffa sponge under ambient conditions and an in-situ reduction method. We employed the oxidative decomposition of HCHO as probe reaction to investigate the effect of KMnO4 concentration on the catalytic activity of MnOx/ luffa sponge composites. It is shown that all the MnOx/ luffa sponge composites bear the activity for the catalytic decomposition of HCHO; the conversion of HCHO was found to be high at room temperature; the conversion level of HCHO was first increased and then decreased with the increase in the KMnO4 concentration. The HCHO conversion over the catalyst prepared from 10 g/L of KMnO4 solution was the largest among five catalysts.
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Coleman, Christina M., Brian L. Prather, Matthew J. Valente, Roland R. Dute, and Michael E. Miller. "TORUS LIGNIFICATION IN HARDWOODS." IAWA Journal 25, no. 4 (2004): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000376.
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Tori in wood of Osmanthus americanus, Daphne odora, Celtis occidentalis and Ulmus alata were tested for lignins using KMnO4 staining in conjunction with TEM, and acriflavine staining in concert with CLSM. It was hypothesized that impregnation with lignin could explain torus survival during cytoplasmic apoptosis. KMnO4 staining indicated torus lignification in all four woods, whereas only Osmanthus and Daphne tested positive for lignin with acriflavine. Tori in Celtis and Ulmus showed some evidence of partial breakdown during cell maturation, which might expose non-lignin sites for KMnO4 binding and thus produce spurious results. The acriflavine data correlate with developmental studies in which torus ontogeny occurs by one method in Osmanthus and Daphne and by another method in Celtis and Ulmus.
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Phatai, P., J. Wittayakun, N. Grisdanurak, W. H. Chen, M. W. Wan, and C. C. Kan. "Removal of manganese ions from synthetic groundwater by oxidation using KMnO4 and the characterization of produced MnO2 particles." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 1719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.462.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions for the removal of manganese ions from synthetic groundwater by oxidation using KMnO4 to keep the concentration below the allowed level (0.05 mg/L). The process includes low-level aeration and addition of KMnO4 in a Jar test system with Mn2 + concentration of 0.50 mg/L, similar to that of natural groundwater in Taiwan. Different parameters such us aeration-pH, oxidant dose, and stirring speed were studied. Aeration alone was not sufficient to remove Mn2 + ions completely even when the pH was increased. When a stoichiometric amount of KMnO4 (0.96 mg/L) was used, a complete Mn2 + removal was achieved within 15 min at an optimum pH of 8.0. As the amount of KMnO4 was doubled, lower removal efficiency was obtained because the oxidant also generated manganese ions. The removal of Mn2 + ions could be completed at pH 9.0 using an oxidant dose of 0.48 mg/L because Mn2 + could be sorbed onto the MnO2 particles. Finally, The MnO2 particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
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Santosa, Edi, Winarso D. Widodo, and ,. Kholidi. "The Use of Clay as Potassium Permanganate Carrier to Delay the Ripening of Raja Bulu Banana." Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 1, no. 2 (May 10, 2013): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jhi.1.2.88-95.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />The objective of this experiment was to study the usage of clay as potassium permanganate (KMnO4) carrier during storage of banana var. Raja Bulu. A 1,000 g air-dried-clay was incorporated well with 500 ml aquadest, added with 100 ml KMnO4 solution (75 %) made into paste. After air dried for 24 hours and then the powder was put in cheese cloth. Three different amount of clay powder were used as treatment, i.e., 10 g, 30 and 50 g for six fingers of banana with three replicates. Results showed that clay powder effective as KMnO4 carrier for storage of banana var. Raja Bulu. Level of clay powder 30 and 50 g significantly increased banana shelf life as indicated by skin color and hardness by 18 days after treatments, as compared to the control. Application of 30 g clay powder resulted in optimum banana storage as compared to other treatments. This experiment indicates that clay powder is promising as KMnO4 carrier.</p><p>Key words: absorber, clay powder, post harvest, potassium permanganate, Raja Bulu</p>
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Laucks, Mary L., Feng Zheng, and E. James Davis. "Resonance Raman Scattering from Single Levitated Microparticles." Applied Spectroscopy 56, no. 11 (November 2002): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/00037020260377733.
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Measurements of resonance Raman scattering from single crystalline (or amorphous) particles suspended in an electrodynamic balance have been made for inorganic and organic microparticles, potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and p-nitrosodimethylaniline ( p-NDMA), respectively. The microparticle dimensions were in the range 10–50 μm. The particles were obtained by evaporating aqueous solution droplets of KMnO4 and p-NDMA (0.01 M concentration) and potassium nitrate or sodium nitrate (1.0 M concentration) added as a nonresonance Raman standard or reference. Resonance Raman spectra were obtained using laser illumination at wavelengths of 514.5 and 488.0 nm. For MnO−4 particles at a laser wavelength of 514.5 nm, the fundamental symmetric stretch mode (ν1) and up to four overtones were observed. In addition, the antisymmetric stretch mode (ν3) and the combination mode (ν1 + ν3) could be seen. In p-NDMA particles, the phenyl-nitroso deformation mode (ν1) and the symmetric benzene ring-stretching mode (ν3) were observed using 488.0 nm laser radiation, but no overtones were distinguishable. As a measure of the morphological variability between particles, the ratio of the intensity of ν1 to the intensity of the largest nitrate ion (Raman) peak (normalized by the concentrations) was determined for each spectrum. This enhancement ratio or reference ratio was of order 100 and varied by 27% for 12 KMnO4 particles with 514.5 nm illumination, by 39% for 10 KMnO4 particles at 488.0 nm, and by 16% for 14 p-NDMA particles at 488.0 nm. Resonance Raman spectra obtained for KMnO4 particles before and after deliquescence indicated that photolysis occurred in the presence of water.
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Asha, P. K., M. S. Raghu, and V. S. Anusuya Devi. "Properties of Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant in the Determination of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceuticals." Sensor Letters 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4190.
Full textAbstract:
Fexofenadine has been assayed by two methods. Titration (given as Method A) and spectrophotometric (given as Method B) were two methods involved in the assay procedure. The proposed titrimetric technique depends on the oxidation of FFH with identified abundance of KMnO4 and uninvolved KMnO4 was dictated by reacting it with FAS whose molarity is 0.05 M. Response stoichiometry is observed to be 1:2 (FFH: potassium permanganate).
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Khan, Jahangir A., Mubarak A. Khan, and Nazia Rahman. "Effect of Oxidizing Agents on Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Jute Fabric-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 1127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.1127.
Full textAbstract:
Jute fabrics reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), bending strength (BS), bending modulus (BM) and impact strength (IS) of the composites were studied. To investigate the effect of oxidizing agents on the properties of the composites, jute fabrics were treated separately with the aqueous solutions of (0.005-0.05%w/v) potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and (0.0025-0.04%w/v) potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The highest values of mechanical properties were reported for 0.02% K2Cr2O7 and 0.01% KMnO4 treatment. Thermal analysis of PP, treated and untreated jute fabrics and composites revealed that KMnO4 treatment lowers the thermal stability of the jute fabrics and composite. On the other hand, K2Cr2O7 treatment increases the stability of the fibers and composites. Hydrophilic nature of the treated composites was also reduced significantly.
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Hao, Xin Li, Jing Zhe Zhao, Yue Hong Song, and Zhi Fang Huang. "Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis of Birnessite-Type MnO2 Nanoflowers." Journal of Nano Research 53 (June 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.53.1.
Full textAbstract:
Flower-like birnessite-type MnO2 (Bir-MnO2) was synthesized through decomposition of KMnO4 under acid condition at 90 °C in open system. The addition of surfactant was a key factor for synthesis of Bir-MnO2 at low temperature and ambient pressure. Crystal nucleus obtained via reaction between surfactant and KMnO4 can catalyze decomposition of KMnO4, which led to the higher velocity of reaction. Reducibility of surfactant additional had an impact on yield and size of sample obtained. As-prepared sample with highest yield and smallest size was synthesized by using SOA as surfactant. Long reaction time and high reaction temperature were propitious to the growth of sample. The as-prepared samples were used to degrade rhodamine B (RhB), and the efficiency was different as the size of nanoflowers changed.
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Zambrano, Judith, Sagrario Briceño, Clara Mendez, and Eliseo Castellano. "Response of Mango Fruit to Potassium Permanganate as an Ethylene Absorbent during Storage." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 638c—638. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.638c.
Full textAbstract:
Mango fruit of `Palmer' and `Keitt' were harvested at the preclimacteric stage. An inexpensive ethylene absorbent was made by mixing aqueous KMnO4 with vermiculite and silicagel as support material. Fruits were treated with the mixture of vermiculite–KMnO4 and silicagel–KMnO4 as ethylene absorbents and stored at 10 and 15°C for 18 days. Fruits were evaluated for skin and pulp color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and weight loss at interval of 3 days. Ethylene absorbents had no significant effect on skin color parameters (lightness, hue, and chroma). However differences due to ethylene absorbents and temperature storage were evident on pulp color parameters. Soluble solids content and titratable acidity were affected by ethylene absorbent and temperature storage. The percent of weight loss increased with temperature and with duration of storage.
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Young, RJ, Jajh Critchley, KK Young, RC Freebairn, AP Reynolds, and YI Lolin. "Fatal acute hepatorenal failure following potassium permanganate ingestion." Human & Experimental Toxicology 15, no. 3 (March 1996): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719601500313.
Full textAbstract:
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4), a powerful oxidizing agent, is readily available without prescription. Tissue contact produces coagulation necrosis and the lethal consequences of oral ingestion are well described, with most deaths because of airway oedema and obstruction or circulatory collapse. Whilst systemic toxicity is reported, its mechanism is unclear. We describe a case of suicidal ingestion of KMnO4 followed by acute hepatorenal toxicity resulting in the death of the patient. The clinical course bore close resemblance to that of severe paracetamol overdose. We discuss the pathogenesis of the systemic toxicity of KMnO4 and postulate that it is due to oxidative injury from free radicals generated by the absorbed permanganate ion. We recommend that N-acetyl cysteine be given within the first few hours to all patients with potassium permanganate poisoning.
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Xu, Qi, Jiajun Chen, and Xinran Song. "Assessment of the Rheological Behavior of Polymer–Oxidant Mixtures and the Influence of the Groundwater Environment on Their Properties." Water 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081698.
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Shear-thinning polymers have been introduced to contaminant remediation in the subsurface as a mobility control method applied to mitigate the inefficient delivery of remedial agents caused by geological heterogeneity. Laboratory experiments have been conducted to assess the compatibility of polymers (xanthan and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)) and oxidants (KMnO4 and Na2S2O8) through quantitative evaluation of the viscosity maintenance, shear-thinning performance, and oxidant consumption. The mechanism that causes viscosity loss and the influence of the groundwater environment on the mixture viscosity were also explored. The xanthan–KMnO4 mixture exhibited the best performance in both viscosity retention and shear-thinning behavior with retention rates higher than 75% and 73.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the results indicated that xanthan gum has a high resistance to MnO4− and that K+ plays a leading role in its viscosity reduction, while HPAM is much more sensitive to MnO4−. The viscosity responses of the two polymers to Na2S2O8 and NaCl were almost consistent with that of KMnO4; salt ions displayed an instantaneous effect on the solution’s viscosity, while the oxide ions could cause the solution’s viscosity to decrease continuously with time. Since xanthan exhibited acceptable oxidant consumption as well, xanthan–KMnO4 is considered to be the optimal combination. In addition, the results implied that the effects of salt ions and the water pH on the mixture solution could be acceptable. In the 2D tank test, it was found that when xanthan gum was introduced, the sweeping efficiency of the oxidant in the low-permeability zone was increased from 28.2% to 100%. These findings demonstrated the feasibility of using a xanthan–KMnO4 mixture for actual site remediation.
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Xiong, Houfeng, Mingxin Huo, Dandan Zhou, Shuangshi Dong, and Donglei Zou. "Characteristics and kinetics simulation of controlled-release KMnO4 for phenol remediation." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (May 28, 2016): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.233.
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Controlled-release KMnO4 (CRP) technology has been recently developed as an improved, highly efficient technique in wastewater treatment. In this study, batch-style experiments were conducted to evaluate this technology. The release characteristics of CRP in distilled water and the reaction between CRP and phenol were studied and fitted using MATLAB software. Results indicated that in distilled water, temperature (T) and pH value had a larger effect than dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration on the release characteristics of KMnO4, and this relationship can be accurately described by the following kinetic equation: logQ = log[1.141T0.152(pH)−1.0536(DO)0.4674] + [0.0048T0.3756(pH)1.8854(DO)−0.0509]logt. KMnO4 released from CRP can effectively degrade phenol-contaminated water with different concentrations. A simulated equation (r = −dCA/dt = −15.1705 CA0.6840CP−0.1406) characterizing phenol degradation was developed using MATLAB software. Comparison between the theoretical phenol removal rates deduced by the above two equations and the initial phenol concentration as well as the CRP dosage with the experimental data indicates that the differences between them were less than 20%. The results indicate phenol can be effectively removed by CRP and smaller dosage of KMnO4 was required compared with literature values. The models can provide guidance for CRP application in real polluted sites, which can lower the cost for site remediation.
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Silva, Danieele Fabíola Pereira, Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão, Dalmo Lopes de Siqueira, Paulo Roberto Cecon, and Aline Rocha. "Potassium permanganate effects in postharvest conservation of the papaya cultivar Sunrise Golden." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 7 (July 2009): 669–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000700003.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of KMnO4 on the extension of postharvest life of 'Sunrise Golden' papaya, stored under modified atmosphere and refrigeration. Fruit with up to 10% yellow peel were harvested in a commercial orchard in Linhares, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sets of three fruit (unit mass of 289.9±18.5 g) were wrapped in low-density polyethylene films (28 ¼m thick) containing sachets of KMnO4 at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g per bag. The bags were sealed and stored at 10.4±0.9°C and 90±5% relative humidity for 25 days. After this period, the fruit were removed from the bags and maintained at 21±0.8°C and 90±5% relative humidity until complete ripening. Four days after bag sealing, CO2 concentration stabilized in all treatments, and was higher in bags without KMnO4. In all treatments, fruit reached the climacteric respiratory peak on the third day after bag removal, coinciding with peel color index of 3.5. Increasing the KMnO4 dose reduced the losses in fruit fresh matter, consistency and pulp electrolyte leakage. Potassium permanganate was effective in maintaining the fruit at the pre-climacteric stage during the 25-day storage, and did not interfere with normal ripening after bag removal.
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Boonbumrung, Atip, Pongdhorn Sea-Oui, and Chakrit Sirisinha. "Dispersion Enhancement of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) in Nitrile Rubber (NBR)." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.59.
Full textAbstract:
Attempts to enhance dispersion degree of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) in nitrile rubber (NBR) matrix, and to improve the NBR-CNT interaction were carried out by different approaches, namely, sonication and chemical treatments of CNTs with nitric acid (HNO3), nitric-sulfuric acid mixture (HNO3/H2SO4) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Rheological behavior of NBR/CNT composites was monitored as an indication of filler dispersion degree using the Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA2000) via the alteration in Payne effect. Results gained reveal the magnitude of Payne effect in the following order: untreated system> sonicated system> HNO3 system> HNO3/H2SO4 KMnO4 system, implying a significant improvement in the state-of-mix of NBR/CNT composites by sonication and/or chemical treatment of CNT prior to being mixed with NBR. The SEM results demonstrate the highest magnitude of CNT dispersion in the system with HNO3 followed by the sonicated system untreated system, HNO3/H2SO4 KMnO4. The SEM results suggest that the surface treatment of CNT with HNO3 yields highest magnitude of improvement in CNT dispersion. Poor CNT dispersion after treatment with HNO3/H2SO4 or KMnO4 is due probably to the re-agglomeration of CNT during the drying stage after the chemical treatment process.