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Journal articles on the topic 'Knee Moments'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Miller, S., A. Agarwal, WB Haddon, et al. "Comparison of gait kinetics in total and unicondylar knee replacement surgery." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 100, no. 4 (2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2017.0226.

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Introduction The aim of this study was to compare kinetical data from gait analysis of patients who have undergone total and uni-condylar knee replacement. Materials and methods Thirteen patients with unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 13 unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA), were included, all performed by the same surgeon more than one year prior. The Vicon gait analysis system was used. Statistical power was calculated using SPSS. Results No significant difference was found in the spatiotemporal parameters of gait and survival years of the knee prosthesis between the two groups. Th

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Lyle, Mark A., Jake C. Jensen, Jennifer L. Hunnicutt, et al. "Identification of strength and spatiotemporal gait parameters associated with knee loading during gait in persons after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Journal of Athletic Training 2021, preprint (2021): 0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0186.21.

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ABSTRACT Context: Altered knee moments are common during gait in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Modifiable factors that influence knee moments and are feasible to record in clinical settings such as strength and spatiotemporal parameters (e.g. step length, step width) have not been identified in persons after ACLR. Objective: The objective was to identify strength and spatiotemporal gait parameters that can predict knee moments in persons after ACLR. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: Laboratory Patients: Twenty-three participants with ACLR (14.4 ± 17.

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3

Paquette, Max R., Gary Klipple, and Songning Zhang. "Greater Step Widths Reduce Internal Knee Abduction Moments in Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis Patients During Stair Ascent." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 4 (2015): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0166.

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Increased step widths have been shown to reduce peak internal knee abduction moments in healthy individuals but not in knee osteoarthritis patients during stair descent. This study aimed to assess effects of increased step widths on peak knee abduction moments and associated variables in adults with medial knee osteoarthritis and healthy older adults during stair ascent. Thirteen healthy older adults and 13 medial knee osteoarthritis patients performed stair ascent using preferred, wide, and wider step widths. Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) using an instrumented

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Aagaard, Per, Erik B. Simonsen, S. Peter Magnusson, Benny Larsson, and Poul Dyhre-Poulsen. "A New Concept For Isokinetic Hamstring: Quadriceps Muscle Strength Ratio." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 2 (1998): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260021201.

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Conventionally, the hamstring:quadriceps strength ratio is calculated by dividing the maximal knee flexor (hamstring) moment by the maximal knee extensor (quadriceps) moment measured at identical angular velocity and contraction mode. The agonist-antagonist strength relationship for knee extension and flexion may, however, be better described by the more functional ratios of eccentric hamstring to concentric quadriceps moments (extension), and concentric hamstring to eccentric quadriceps moments (flexion). We compared functional and conventional isokinetic hamstring: quadriceps strength ratios

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O Ericson, M., A. Bratt, R. Nisell, G. Németh, and J. Ekholm. "Load moments about the hip and knee joints during ergometer cycling." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 18, no. 4 (2020): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/16501977198618165172.

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The aim of the study was to calculate the magnitudes of moments of force acting about the bilateral hip and knee joint axes during ergometer cycling. Six healthy subjects pedalled a weight-braked bicycle ergometer at different workloads, pedalling rates, saddle heights and pedal foot position. During cycling at 120 Watts, 60 revolutions per minute with mid-saddle height and anterior pedal foot position, the mean peak flexing and extending hip load moments were 34.3 and 8.9 Nm, respectively. Mean peak flexing knee load moments was 28.8 Nm and extending moment was 11.9 Nm. Hip load moments were

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Zidan, Ahlam A. "Knee extensor moments during Sit-Stand-Sit cycle and its correlation with foot placement: Laboratory Report." Libyan Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 1 (2017): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54361/ljmr.11.1.09.

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Individuals with neurological impairments experience difficulties in achieving sit-stand-sit manoeuvre. Foot placement was found to result in alterations to knee moments throughout sit-stand-sit cycle. This study aimed to investigate the relation between foot position and knee extensor moments of both limbs during Sit-Stand-Sit cycle. Two healthy right-footed femalevolunteered to participate in this study, which was carried out in the human movement laboratory at the Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom. Muscle strength was assessed by isokinetic dynamometer and a three-dimensi

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Webster, Kate E., Joanne E. Wittwer, Jason O'Brien, and Julian A. Feller. "Gait Patterns after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction are Related to Graft Type." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 2 (2005): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504266483.

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Background Although there is a tendency toward gait normalization after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, altered moments about the knee flexion-extension axis have been reported. It is possible that these gait alterations relate to donor site morbidity associated with the graft harvest. Hypothesis There is a relationship between graft type and external knee moments during walking. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Three groups were compared: 17 patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients (mean, 11 months after surgery), 17 hamstring tendon anter

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Wheeler, Jeffrey B., Robert J. Gregor, and Jeffrey P. Broker. "The Effect of Clipless Float Design on Shoe/Pedal interface Kinetics and Overuse Knee injuries during Cycling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 11, no. 2 (1995): 119–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.11.2.119.

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Pedal kinetics, including the applied moment (Mz) about an axis orthogonal to the pedal surface and passing through the center of pressure, were measured across three shoe/pedal interface systems (toe-clip and strap, clipless fixed, clipless float) and three workrates (150, 250, 350 W) during steady-state cycling using specially developed multicompatible force pedals. The applied moment (Mz) at the pedal is an important contributor to the corresponding axial moment realized at the knee and has implications for studying overuse injury mechanics and prevention of cycling-related knee pain. Data

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Herbort, Mirco, Philipp Michel, Michael J. Raschke, et al. "Should the Ipsilateral Hamstrings Be Used for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in the Case of Medial Collateral Ligament Insufficiency? Biomechanical Investigation Regarding Dynamic Stabilization of the Medial Compartment by the Hamstring Muscles." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 4 (2016): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516677728.

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Background: Semitendinosus and gracilis muscles are frequently harvested for autologous tendon grafts for cruciate ligament reconstruction. This study investigated the joint-stabilizing effects of these hamstring muscles in cases of insufficiency of the medial collateral ligament (MCL). Hypotheses: First, both the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles can actively stabilize the joint against valgus moments in the MCL-deficient knee. Second, the stabilizing influence of these muscles decreases with an increasing knee flexion angle. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: The kinematic

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10

Williams, Dorsey Shelton, and Wesley Isom. "Decreased Frontal Plane Hip Joint Moments in Runners With Excessive Varus Excursion at the Knee." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 2 (2012): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.2.120.

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Knee varus position and motion have been correlated with increased medial knee loading during gait. The purpose of this study is to determine whether runners with excessive varus excursion (EVE) at the knee demonstrate frontal plane knee and hip kinetics that are different from those of runners with normal varus excursion (NVE). Twelve runners with EVE were compared with 12 NVE subjects using three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics. Frontal plane angles and moments were compared at the knee and hip. Runners with EVE had significantly greater abductor moment of the knee (p = .004) and lower p

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Kaur, Mandeep, Daniel Cury Ribeiro, Kate E. Webster, and Gisela Sole. "Association Between Knee Moments During Stair Navigation and Participant-Related Factors in Individuals With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 31, no. 2 (2022): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2021-0104.

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Context: Altered knee joint mechanics may be related to quadriceps muscle strength, time since surgery, and sex following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between knee moments, with participant-related factors during stair navigation post-ACLR. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 30 participants (14 women) with ACLR, on average 7.0 (SD 4.4) years postsurgery were tested during stair ascent and descent in a gait laboratory. Motion capture was conducted using a floor-embedded force plate and 11 infrared came

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Pollard, Jonisha P., William L. Porter, and Mark S. Redfern. "Forces and Moments on the Knee During Kneeling and Squatting." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27, no. 3 (2011): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.27.3.233.

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Euler angle decomposition and inverse dynamics were used to determine the knee angles and net forces and moments applied to the tibia during kneeling and squatting with and without kneepads for 10 subjects in four postures: squatting (Squat), kneeling on the right knee (One Knee), bilateral kneeling near full flexion (Near Full) and bilateral kneeling near 90° flexion (Near 90). Kneepads affected the knee flexion (p= .002), medial forces (p= .035), and internal rotation moments (p= .006). Squat created loading conditions that had higher varus (p< .001) and resultant moments (p= .027) than k

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Dempsey, Alasdair R., Bruce C. Elliott, Bridget J. Munro, Julie R. Steele, and David G. Lloyd. "Can Technique Modification Training Reduce Knee Moments in a Landing Task?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 2 (2014): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0021.

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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are costly. Sidestep technique training reduces knee moments that load the ACL. This study examined whether landing technique training alters knee moments. Nineteen team sport athletes completed the study. Motion analysis and ground reaction forces were recorded before and after 6 weeks of technique modification. An inverse dynamic model was used to calculate three-dimensional knee loading. Pre- and postintervention scores were compared using pairedttests. Maximal knee flexion angle during landing was increased following training. There was no change i

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Gregersen, Colin S., M. L. Hull, and Nils A. Hakansson. "How Changing the Inversion/Eversion Foot Angle Affects the Nondriving Intersegmental Knee Moments and the Relative Activation of the Vastii Muscles in Cycling." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 128, no. 3 (2005): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2193543.

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Nondriving intersegmental knee moment components (i.e., varus/valgus and internal/external axial moments) are thought to be primarily responsible for the etiology of overuse knee injuries such as patellofermoral pain syndrome in cycling because of their relationship to muscular imbalances. However the relationship between these moments and muscle activity has not been studied. Thus the four primary objectives of this study were to test whether manipulating the inversion/eversion foot angle alters the varus/valgus knee moment (Objective 1) and axial knee moment (Objective 2) and to determine wh

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Sritharan, Prasanna, Mario A. Muñoz, Peter Pivonka, Adam L. Bryant, Hossein Mokhtarzadeh, and Luke G. Perraton. "Biomechanical Markers of Forward Hop-Landing After ACL-Reconstruction: A Pattern Recognition Approach." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 50, no. 3 (2022): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02921-4.

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AbstractBiomechanical changes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) may be detrimental to long-term knee-joint health. We used pattern recognition to characterise biomechanical differences during the landing phase of a single-leg forward hop after ACLR. Experimental data from 66 individuals 12-24 months post-ACLR (28.2 ± 6.3 years) and 32 controls (25.2 ± 4.8 years old) were input into a musculoskeletal modelling pipeline to calculate joint angles, joint moments and muscle forces. These waveforms were transformed into principal components (features), and input into a pattern r

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Hoy, M. G., R. F. Zernicke, and J. L. Smith. "Contrasting roles of inertial and muscle moments at knee and ankle during paw-shake response." Journal of Neurophysiology 54, no. 5 (1985): 1282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.5.1282.

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Intralimb kinetics of the paw-shake response (PSR) were studied in four spinal, adult cats. Using rigid body equations of motion to determine the dynamic interactions between limb segments, knee and ankle joint kinetics were calculated for the steady-state cycles as defined in the preceding paper. Hindlimb motion was filmed (200 frames/s) to obtain knee and ankle kinematics. Responses of flexors and extensors at both joints were recorded synchronously with cinefilm. Ankle and knee joint kinematics were determined from 51 steady-state cycles of 16 PSRs. Average maximum displacements, velocities

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VandenBerg, Curtis D., Nicole M. Mueske, Oussama Abousamra, et al. "INFLUENCE OF LOWER EXTREMITY STATIC ALIGNMENT ON DYNAMIC KNEE VALGUS IN ADOLESCENTS FOLLOWING ACL RECONSTRUCTION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (2020): 2325967120S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00144.

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Background: Dynamic limb valgus, particularly high knee abduction moments, are a known risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. High knee abduction moments may result from poor static anatomic limb alignment, faulty biomechanics, or a combination of both. The distinction is important because anatomic limb alignment is difficult to change, while dynamic factors can be addressed through neuromuscular or biomechanical training. Hypothesis/Purpose: This study assessed the influence of static (lower extremity anatomic alignment) and dynamic (kinematic and kinetic) factors on externa

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Tsaopoulos, Dimitrios E., Vasilios Baltzopoulos, Paula J. Richards, and Constantinos N. Maganaris. "Mechanical correction of dynamometer moment for the effects of segment motion during isometric knee-extension tests." Journal of Applied Physiology 111, no. 1 (2011): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2010.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dynamometer and joint axis misalignment on measured isometric knee-extension moments using inverse dynamics based on the actual joint kinematic information derived from the real-time X-ray video and to compare the errors when the moments were calculated using measurements from external anatomical surface markers or obtained from the isokinetic dynamometer. Six healthy males participated in this study. They performed isometric contractions at 90° and 20° of knee flexion, gradually increasing to maximum effort. For the calculation of the a

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Podraza, Jeffery, and Scott White. "Identification of Sex Differences within Lunge Decelerations via Lower Extremity Support Moments; Implications for ACL Injury Disparity, Prevention, and Rehabilitation." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (2022): 2616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052616.

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Loading characteristics and lower extremity injury mechanisms, such as the non-contact mechanism of cruciate ligament injury, differ between sexes. The Limb Support Moment (LSM) quantifies hip, knee, and ankle moment contribution to the net moment required to prevent limb collapse during deceleration tasks. In total, 10 males and 10 females performed single limb deceleration landings within three knee flexion ranges: 0–25°, 25–50°, and 50–75°. Lower extremity joint moments and LSMs were calculated for all planes at initial contact (IC) through 50 ms. A two-way multivariate ANOVA compared LSMs

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van Drongelen, Stefan, Hanna Kaldowski, Benjamin Fey, et al. "Determination of Leg Alignment in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients with the EOS® System and the Effect on External Joint Moments during Gait." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217777.

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The present study considered the entire leg alignment and links static parameters to the external joint moments during gait in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Eighteen patients with unilateral hip osteoarthritis were measured using the EOS® system. Clinical leg alignment and femoral parameters were extracted from the 3D reconstruction of the EOS images. A 3D gait analysis was performed and external knee and hip adduction moments were computed and compared to 18 healthy controls in the same age group. The knee adduction moments of the involved leg were strongly correlated to the femoral offse

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Steiner, Ethan, and Katherine A. Boyer. "Variable Stiffness Shoes for Knee Osteoarthritis: An Evaluation of 3-Dimensional Gait Mechanics and Medial Joint Contact Forces." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 38, no. 2 (2022): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0217.

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The study aim was to quantify the impact of a commercially available variable stiffness shoe (VSS) on 3-dimensional ankle, knee, and hip mechanics and estimated knee contact forces compared with a control shoe. Fourteen participants (10 females) with knee osteoarthritis completed gait analysis after providing informed consent. Shoe conditions tested were control shoe (New Balance MW411v2) and VSS (Abeo SMART3400). An OpenSim musculoskeletal model with static optimization was used to estimate knee contact forces. There were no differences in joint kinematics or in the knee adduction or flexion

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Hortobágyi, Tibor, Paul DeVita, Robert Brady, and Patrick Rider. "Training History-Dependent Functional Role of EMG Model-Predicted Antagonist Moments in Knee Extensor Moment Generation in Healthy Young Adults." Biomechanics 2, no. 1 (2022): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2010002.

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Resistance training (RT) improves the skeletal muscle’s ability to generate maximal voluntary force and is accompanied by changes in the activation of the antagonist muscle which is not targeted primarily by RT. However, the nature and role of neural adaptation to RT in the antagonist muscle is paradoxical and not well understood. We compared moments, agonist muscle activation, antagonist activation, agonist-antagonist coactivation, and electromyographic (EMG) model-predicted moments generated by antagonist hamstring muscle coactivation during isokinetic knee extension in leg strength-trained

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Campbell, Brian, James Yaggie, and Daniel Cipriani. "Temporal Influences of Functional Knee Bracing on Torque Production of the Lower Extremity." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 15, no. 3 (2006): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.15.3.215.

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Context:Functional knee braces (FKB) are used prophylactically and in rehabilitation to aide in the functional stability of the knee.Objective:To determine if alterations in select lower extremity moments persist throughout a one hour period in healthy individuals.Design:2X5 repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics Laboratory.Subjects:Twenty subjects (14 male and 6 female, mean age 26.5±7 yrs; height 172.4±13 cm; weight 78.6±9 kg), separated into braced (B) and no brace (NB) groups.Intervention:A one-hour exercise program divided into three 20 minute increments.Main Outcome Measures:Synch

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Ngai, Valentina, and Markus A. Wimmer. "Variability of TKR Knee Kinematics and Relationship with Gait Kinetics: Implications for Total Knee Wear." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/284513.

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Several factors, including compressive load and knee kinematics, have been shown to influence wear. External knee moments (a surrogate for load) have recently been correlated with the medial and lateral wear scar areas of an unconstrained, PCL retaining knee design. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in kinetics during level walking are accompanied by specific differences in relative knee kinematics. Thirty TKR patients were gait tested using the point cluster technique to obtain 3D motions of the knee. External knee moments were calculated from ground re

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WANG, SHANGCHENG, ZHIHONG LIU, JIANMING FENG, LIANFU DENG, and NAIQUAN NIGEL ZHENG. "COMPARING TRANSVERSE PLANE BIOMECHANICS BETWEEN FIXED- AND MOBILE-BEARING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY DURING LEVEL WALKING, STAIR NEGOTIATION AND PIVOTING." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 05 (2019): 1950028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519419500283.

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Compared with fixed-bearing (FB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), mobile-bearing (MB) TKA may promote knee rotation and reduce rotational load at bone–implant interface. Unfortunately, this hypothesis has not been examined with neither knee rotation during stance of pivoting nor knee rotational moment during activities other than level walking. This study used 3D motion analysis to obtain the rotation of tibia relative to the femur and knee rotation moment during stance phase of level walking, stair ascent/descent, step and spin turn for 17 FB, 20[Formula: see text]MB and 28 healthy knees. Stati

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Kim, Yongwook. "Influence of Internal and External Foot Rotation on Peak Knee Adduction Moments and Ankle Moments during Gait in Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study." Bioengineering 11, no. 7 (2024): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11070696.

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The aim of the study was to verify the effects of foot progression angle (FPA) modification during walking on the internal moments of the ankle and knee joints in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Biomechanical changes such as increased knee adduction moment (KAM) during walking are known to be involved in the development and severity of knee OA. Although various FPA modifications during gait have been applied to reduce peak KAM, few studies have investigated the effects of applying toe-in or toe-out walking modifications for knee OA on peak KAM and three-dimensional (3D) moments of t

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Németh, G., J. Ekholm, and U. P Arborelius. "Hip Load Moments and Muscular Activity During Lifting." Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 16, no. 3 (2020): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/165019778416103111.

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The load on the hip joint during lifting was studied. Healthy subjects lifted a 12.8 kg box from floor to table level with straight and flexed knees in four different ways. The loading moment of force about the bilateral hip axis was calculated by means of a computerized static sagittal plane model. The highest load moment, 124 Nm, occurred initially in the straight knee lift and the compressive joint reaction force was 2.7 times body-weight. The lowest load moment, 82 Nm, occurred in the flexed knee lift with the burden moved close to the trunk, the compressive force was 3.2 X bw. The load mo

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Tang, Hui, Jiahao Pan, Barry Munkasy, Kim Duffy, and Li Li. "Comparison of Lower Extremity Joint Moment and Power Estimated by Markerless and Marker-Based Systems during Treadmill Running." Bioengineering 9, no. 10 (2022): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100574.

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Background: Markerless (ML) motion capture systems have recently become available for biomechanics applications. Evidence has indicated the potential feasibility of using an ML system to analyze lower extremity kinematics. However, no research has examined ML systems’ estimation of the lower extremity joint moments and powers. This study aimed to compare lower extremity joint moments and powers estimated by marker-based (MB) and ML motion capture systems. Methods: Sixteen volunteers ran on a treadmill for 120 s at 3.58 m/s. The kinematic data were simultaneously recorded by 8 infrared cameras

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Barrios, Joaquin A., and Danielle E. Strotman. "A Sex Comparison of Ambulatory Mechanics Relevant to Osteoarthritis in Individuals With and Without Asymptomatic Varus Knee Alignment." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 5 (2014): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0039.

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The prevalence of medial knee osteoarthritis is greater in females and is associated with varus knee alignment. During gait, medial knee osteoarthritis has been linked to numerous alterations. Interestingly, there has been no research exploring sex differences during walking in healthy individuals with and without varus alignment. Therefore, the gait mechanics of 30 asymptomatic individuals with varus knees (15 females) and 30 normally-aligned controls (15 females) were recorded. Gait parameters associated with medial knee osteoarthritis were analyzed with two-factor analyses of variance. In r

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Lee, Yongkyung, Hai-Mi Yang, Jinju Jang, et al. "Potential Instability and Malfunction of Knee Joints with Vastus Medialis Impairment after Total Knee Arthroplasty." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062764.

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Four pairs of fresh-frozen cadaver knees (eight knees, four male knees) with a mean age of 72 ± 7 years were used for tests involving a customized simulator capable of controlling quadriceps loading conditions. The muscle force distribution of the quadriceps for the normal loading condition was applied on the basis of muscle cross-sectional area data, as previously reported (VM: 31 N; RF/VI: 49 N; VL: 45 N). To simulate vastus medialis (VM) impairment, we set the muscle force for VM in the muscle force distribution of the quadriceps at zero (VM: 0 N; RF/VI: 49 N; VL: 45 N). The joint reaction

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Babcanec, Andrew, Steven Mell, Alejandro Espinoza Orias, Jorge Chahla, Shane Nho, and Philip Malloy. "EP6.65 Single-Leg Squat Knee and Ankle Joint Moments Increase Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome." Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery 12, Supplement_1 (2025): i110. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnaf011.354.

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Abstract Background: Single-leg squat lower extremity kinematics improve after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) and these changes are associated with patient reported outcomes at 6-months and 1-year after surgery. However, little is known about how joint moments change after surgery for FAIS. The purpose of this study was to report lower extremity joint moment changes during a single-leg squat within the 1st year after hip arthroscopy for FAIS. Methods: Fifteen people diagnosed with FAIS scheduled for hip arthroscopy underwent three-dimensional motion capture te

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Simonsen, Erik B., Morten B. Svendsen, Andreas Nørreslet, et al. "Walking on High Heels Changes Muscle Activity and the Dynamics of Human Walking Significantly." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 1 (2012): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.20.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of net joint moments in the lower extremities during walking on high-heeled shoes compared with barefooted walking at identical speed. Fourteen female subjects walked at 4 km/h across three force platforms while they were filmed by five digital video cameras operating at 50 frames/second. Both barefooted walking and walking on high-heeled shoes (heel height: 9 cm) were recorded. Net joint moments were calculated by 3D inverse dynamics. EMG was recorded from eight leg muscles. The knee extensor moment peak in the first half of the stance

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Daliet, Oliver J., Kristín Briem, Sigurður Brynjólfsson, and Haraldur B. Sigurðsson. "Combined Effects of External Moments and Muscle Activations on ACL Loading during Numerical Simulations of a Female Model in OpenSim." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (2021): 11971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411971.

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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have been studied using a variety of methods and tools. However, each is hindered by specific limitations with respect to its application. Aim: To assess the combined effects of external moments and muscle activations on ACL loading using serial, forward dynamics (FD) simulations of single leg, hyperextension landings in OpenSim. Methods: The FD tool of OpenSim was iteratively run using different combinations of knee-spanning muscle activation levels, internal rotation and valgus knee moment magnitudes. A regression was conducted on the dat

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Brisson, Nicholas M., Paul W. Stratford, Saara Totterman, et al. "Do Knee Moments Normalized to Measures of Knee Cartilage Area Better Classify the Severity of Knee Osteoarthritis?" Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 6 (2015): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0249.

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Investigations of joint loading in knee osteoarthritis (OA) typically normalize the knee adduction moment to global measures of body size (eg, body mass, height) to allow comparison between individuals. However, such measurements may not reflect knee size. This study used a morphometric measurement of the cartilage surface area on the medial tibial plateau, which better represents medial knee size. This study aimed to determine whether normalizing the peak knee adduction moment and knee adduction moment impulse during gait to the medial tibial bone–cartilage interface could classify radiograph

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Richards, Jim, Dominic Thewlis, James Selfe, Andrew Cunningham, and Colin Hayes. "A Biomechanical Investigation of A Single-Limb Squat: Implications for Lower Extremity Rehabilitation Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 5 (2008): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.5.477.

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Abstract Context: Single-limb squats on a decline angle have been suggested as a rehabilitative intervention to target the knee extensors. Investigators, however, have presented very little empirical research in which they have documented the biomechanics of these exercises or have determined the optimum angle of decline used. Objective: To determine the involvement of the gastrocnemius and rectus femoris muscles and the external ankle and knee joint moments at 60° of knee flexion while performing a single-limb squat at different decline angles. Design: Participants acted as their own controls

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Yang, Hyung Suk, Rhonda Boros, Nida Roncesvalles, and Yoonjung Park. "Influence of Prophylactic Ankle Bracing on Knee Joint Moments and Ground Reaction Forces during Side-step Cutting Tasks." Asian Journal of Kinesiology 26, no. 4 (2024): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2024.26.4.21.

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OBJECTIVES Prophylactic ankle bracing is widely used to prevent ankle sprains, but its effects on knee joint mechanics, particularly regarding ACL injury risk, are less understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of ankle bracing on knee joint kinetics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during a 90° side-step cutting task.METHODS Thirty physically active participants (15 males, 15 females) performed cutting trials under braced and unbraced conditions. Knee flexion, abduction, and internal rotation moments, along with mediolateral, anteroposterior, and vertical GRFs, were measured

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Hafer, Jocelyn F., and Katherine A. Boyer. "Comparisons of Knee Extensor Functional Demand During Gait by Age, Physical Activity Level, and the Impact of Acute Exercise and Walking Speed." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 36, no. 3 (2020): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2019-0361.

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The link between age-related changes in muscle strength and gait is unclear. We tested if knee extensor functional demand differs by age and physical activity status and if functional demand increases with walking speed or after exercise. Gait and knee extensor muscle torque were collected from young adults and highly and less active older adults before and after treadmill walking. Functional demand was the ratio of knee moments during gait to knee extensor muscle torques estimated from participant-specific torque–velocity curves. Functional demand at the peak knee flexion moment was greater i

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Simpson, Kathy Jean, and Barry T. Bates. "The Effects of Running Speed on Lower Extremity Joint Moments Generated during the Support Phase." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 3 (1990): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.6.3.309.

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The investigation of the effects of speed related changes on joint moments may be an optimal method to study injury mechanisms indirectly and to identify accommodation strategies to the varied impact and loading forces incurred during running. Four skilled long-distance runners performed eight trials at each of four target speeds (3.06, 3.57, 4.09, and 4.60 m/s). Peak joint moments about the ankle, knee, and hip and the relative and absolute times for various temporal events were evaluated. The hip moment parameters exhibited the greatest number (59.0%) of significant speed related differences

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Fukaya, Takashi, Hirotaka Mutsuzaki, and Koichi Mori. "Influence of Pain on Knee Joint Movement and Moment during the Stance Phase in Patients with Severe Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study." Medicina 55, no. 12 (2019): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55120756.

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Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the side-to-side differences in knee joint movement and moment for the degree of pain in the walking stance phase in patients with bilateral knee osteoarthritis (KOA) of comparable severity. We hypothesized that knee joint movement and moment on the side with strong pain were lower compared with the side with weak pain. Materials and Methods: We included 11 patients diagnosed with bilateral severe KOA. In all patients’ left and right knees, the Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic scoring system grade was level 4, and the femorotibi

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Liu, Zhiyong, Chen Yang, Jiabin Yu, et al. "The Effect of Muscles Fatigue on the Knee’s Kinetics and Kinematics Characteristics." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (2023): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043029.

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Badminton is very popular on college campuses. In badminton, the anterior cruciate ligament of the players has a higher risk of injury. There are many studies investigating the impact of fatigue on the injury of professional athletes, but few studies focused on college students. We hypothesized that the knee joint would experience greater ground reaction forces, valgus moments, and flexion moments of lunge contact in amateur after fatigue than those indicators before fatigue. Ten male badminton amateurs were enrolled in this study. They performed a lunge to hit the shuttlecock at the designate

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Shimokochi, Yohei, Sae Yong Lee, Sandra J. Shultz, and Randy J. Schmitz. "The Relationships Among Sagittal-Plane Lower Extremity Moments: Implications for Landing Strategy in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 1 (2009): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.33.

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Abstract Context: Excessive quadriceps contraction with insufficient hamstrings muscle cocontraction has been shown to be a possible contributing factor for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Assessing the relationships among lower extremity internal moments may provide some insight into avoiding muscle contraction patterns that increase ACL injury risk. Objective: To examine the relationships of knee-extensor moment with ankle plantar-flexor and hip-extensor moments and to examine the relationship between knee moment and center of pressure as a measure of neuromuscular resp

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Highsmith, M. Jason, Derek J. Lura, Stephanie L. Carey, et al. "Correlations between residual limb length and joint moments during sitting and standing movements in transfemoral amputees." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 40, no. 4 (2015): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364614564025.

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Background and aim: Longer residual limb lengths provide an increased lever arm. Longer residual limbs may produce increased joint moments; the two may be correlated. These correlations have not been evaluated in transfemoral amputees during transitional movements. Correlations between residual limb length and involved side joint moment could contribute to justification supporting maximal residual limb length preservation. This study investigated possible correlations between hip or knee moment and residual limb length. Technique: Hip and knee joint moments were determined while 21 transfemora

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Ulbricht, Hanna, Meijin Hou, Xiangbin Wang, Jian He, and Yanxin Zhang. "The Effect of Correction Algorithms on Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Gait of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020 (November 23, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8854124.

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In gait analysis, the accuracy of knee joint angles and moments is critical for clinical decision-making. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of two existing algorithms for knee joint axis correction under pathological conditions. Gait data from 20 healthy participants and 20 patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were collected using a motion capture system. An algorithm based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a functional joint-based algorithm (FJA) were used to define the knee joint flexion axis. The results show that PCA decreased crosstalk for both groups, and

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Alt, Tobias, Axel Knicker, and Heiko Strueder. "The Effects of Angular Velocity and Training Status on the Dynamic Control Equilibrium." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 01 (2017): E23—E29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-123497.

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AbstractThigh muscle imbalances may impair sports performance and cause injuries. Common diagnostic parameters of knee muscle balance lack practical applicability. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the effects of angular velocity and training status on the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point representing the intersection of eccentric knee flexion and concentric knee extension moment-angle curves. 58 trained and 58 untrained male participants (22.1 years, 82.4 kg) performed concentric and eccentric knee flexions (prone position) and extensions (supine position) on an isoki

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Caldwell, Graham E., James M. Hagberg, Steve D. McCole, and Li Li. "Lower Extremity Joint Moments during Uphill Cycling." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 15, no. 2 (1999): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.15.2.166.

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Lower extremity joint moments were investigated in three cycling conditions: level seated, uphill seated and uphill standing. Based on a previous study (Caldwell, Li, McCole, & Hagberg, 1998), it was hypothesized that joint moments in the uphill standing condition would be altered in both magnitude and pattern. Eight national caliber cyclists were filmed while riding their own bicycles mounted to a computerized ergometer. Applied forces were measured with an instrumented pedal, and inverse dynamics were used to calculate joint moments. In the uphill seated condition the joint moments were

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Hahn, Michael E., and Kathryn B. O'Keefe. "A NEURAL NETWORK MODEL FOR ESTIMATION OF NET JOINT MOMENTS DURING NORMAL GAIT." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 11, no. 03 (2008): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957708002036.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a model to estimate lower extremity joint moments during level gait. A three-layer artificial neural network was developed to map diverse inputs (demographics, anthropometrics, electromyography, kinematics) onto sagittal plane resultant joint moments for a sample of healthy young adults. Overall model performance and prediction accuracy were acceptable for the hip, knee, and ankle, with coefficients of determination (r2) reaching 0.90 for the hip and knee and 0.95 for the ankle. Estimates in the case-specific validation produced r2 values of 0.95, 0.94,

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Shi, Huijuan, Yuanyuan Yu, Hongshi Huang, Hanjun Li, Shuang Ren, and Yingfang Ao. "Biomechanical Determinants of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Stress in Individuals Post–ACL Reconstruction During Side-Cutting Movements." Bioengineering 12, no. 3 (2025): 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12030222.

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This cross-sectional laboratory-based study investigates the stress characteristics of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during side-cutting using a knee finite element (FE) model and identifies biomechanical factors influencing ACL stress. Kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRF) were collected from eight participants (age: 30.3 ± 5.3 years; BMI: 25.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2; time since surgery: 12.8 ± 1.2 months) one year post–ACL reconstruction during side-cutting tasks. A knee FE model incorporating time-varying knee angles, knee forces, and femoral translation was developed to simulate the knee

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McGinnis, Peter M., and Lawrence A. Bergman. "An Inverse Dynamic Analysis of the Pole Vault." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2, no. 3 (1986): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.2.3.186.

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An inverse analysis of the pole vault was completed using a nine-segment rigid-body model of the vaulter in two dimensions. Competitive vaults by five elite vaulters were recorded on film using a high-speed 16-mm motion picture camera. The films were digitized and the digitized data were smoothed. The resultant joint moment histories at the shoulder, left hip, left knee, right hip, and right knee were computed for each vaulter. The moments produced about the top hand by the lower hand on the pole were also computed. The resultant joint moments at each joint were compared between vaulters and r

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Andrysek, Jan, Susan Klejman, and John Kooy. "Examination of Knee Joint Moments on the Function of Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthoses During Walking." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 29, no. 4 (2013): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.4.474.

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The goal of this study was to investigate clinically relevant biomechanical conditions relating to the setup and alignment of knee-ankle-foot orthoses and the influence of these conditions on knee extension moments and orthotic stance control during gait. Knee moments were collected using an instrumented gait laboratory and concurrently a load transducer embedded at the knee-ankle-foot orthosis knee joint of four individuals with poliomyelitis. We found that knee extension moments were not typically produced in late stance-phase of gait. Adding a dorsiflexion stop at the orthotic ankle signifi

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Gillette, Jason C., Catherine A. Stevermer, Ross H. Miller, W. Brent Edwards, and Charles V. Schwab. "Lower Extremity Joint Moments During Carrying Tasks in Children." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 2 (2012): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.2.156.

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Farm youth often carry loads that are proportionally large and/or heavy, and field measurements have determined that these tasks are equivalent to industrial jobs with high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age, load amount, and load symmetry on lower extremity joint moments during carrying tasks. Three age groups (8–10 years, 12–14 years, adults), three load amounts (0%, 10%, 20% BW), and three load symmetry levels (unilateral large bucket, unilateral small bucket, bilateral small buckets) were tested. Inverse dynamics was used to determine maximum ankle,

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