Journal articles: 'Knee proprioception'

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Muaidi, Qassim Ibrahim, Leslie Lorenda Nicholson, Kathryn Margaret Refshauge, Roger David Adams, and Justin Phillip Roe. "Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction on Proprioceptive Acuity of Knee Rotation in the Transverse Plane." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 8 (May 13, 2009): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509332429.

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Background Studies assessing proprioceptive acuity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees have only considered proprioception for knee movements in the sagittal plane rather than in the transverse plane (ie, rotation), despite the fact that the ACL plays a critical role in knee rotational stability and that the ACL is injured almost exclusively with a rotation mechanism. Therefore a test of proprioception is needed that involves movements similar to the mechanism of injury, in this case, rotation. Purpose To determine whether proprioceptive acuity in rotation changes after ACL injury and reconstruction, and to examine differences in proprioceptive acuity, range, laxity, and activity level among injured knees, contralateral knees, and healthy controls. Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Proprioceptive acuity for active knee rotation movements, passive rotation range of motion, anterior knee laxity, and knee function were measured in 20 consecutive participants with unilateral ACL rupture and 20 matched controls. Reconstruction was performed using a single-incision technique with a 4-strand hamstring tendon autograft. Thirty participants (15 control and 15 ACL reconstructed) were retested at 3 months, and 14 with ACL reconstruction were tested at 6 months. Results A deficit was found in preoperative knee rotation proprioception compared with healthy controls (P =. 031). Three months after reconstruction, there was a significant improvement (P =. 049) in proprioceptive acuity, single-plane anterior laxity (P =. 01), and self-reported knee function (P =. 001). At 3 months after reconstruction, proprioceptive acuity of the ACLreconstructed knee was correlated with reported activity level (r =. 63; P =. 021). Conclusion Knee rotation proprioception is reduced in ACL-deficient participants compared with healthy controls. Three to 6 months after reconstruction, rotation proprioceptive acuity, laxity, and function were improved. While these findings are consistent with a return to previous activity level 6 months after reconstruction, the extent of graft maturation and restoration of kinematics should also inform the decision about return to sport.

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Şilil, Mehtap Kaçmaz, Serdar Sargın, Aziz Atik, Gökhan Meriç, Muhammet Özer, and Devrim Akseki. "Comparison of Knee Proprioception Between Blind and Healthy Sportsmen." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00177.

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Objectives: Visual sense and proprioception have a big role in motion control. Visual communication ensures the data in proprioceptive period. The other senses of blind people are improved because of the lack of the visual ability but there are not enough data for the proprioceptive quality. The purpose of this study is to compare the knee joint proprioception of the blind and normal sportsmen and figure out the prorioceptive quality. Methods: 16 visually-challenged sportsmen (12 males and 4 females) with an average age 23.6 ±3.1(ranging from 20 to 30), and 16 healthy sportsmen (12 males and 4 females) with an average age 23.5 ±3.5 (ranging from 20 to 29) from the same sport branches were included in the study. Knee joint proprioception of the subjects in the target angle was measured. Angle repeating test was used via digital goniometer which was sensitive to 1 degree. For the statistical analyses of the data Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were used. Results: There were no differences between knee proprioceptions of dominant and non-dominant extremities in both groups. When dominant extremities were compared, blind athletes got less wrong in 15 degrees measurements statistically (p<0.05). All other comparisons revealed no statisticaly significant difference in both groups. Conclusion: It has been determined that the knee joint proprioception of the visually-challenged sportsmen are better than the normal sportsmen. If the normal sportsmen do the training with their eyes closed, the quality of their knee joint proprioception may improve.

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Chillakuru, Cherith Reddy, N. Jambu, and Akshay Deepak. "A comparison of the proprioception of osteoarthritic knees and post total knee arthroplasty." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 3, no. 4 (June 23, 2017): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20172525.

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Background: Proprioception of the knee joint is an important factor for establishing balance, and smooth walking. The effect of arthroplasty on proprioception can be a determinant of post-operative function and subjective feeling of the arthroplasty. We wished to check the status of osteoarthritic knees and how their proprioceptive function is, in comparison to knees post total knee replacement.Methods: We compared 80 unilateral knee replacement patients with their osteoarthritic counterpart in the opposite knee. There was 50% Cruciate Retaining (n =40), Posterior Stabilized 50% (n =40). We assessed the proprioception using threshold to detection of passive motion and conscious awareness of passive joint position.Results: 73.8% (n =59) of patients experienced a better joint position sense, 21% (n =17) had decreased joint position sense and 5% (n =4) had the same, when compared to the contralateral osteoarthritic knee. The mean of threshold to detection of passive motion was 2.16+0.68 for the replaced knees versus 2.72±0.61 for the contralateral osteoarthritic knee.Conclusions: The proprioception of the knees that were replaced with arthroplasties had a better proprioceptive function then the osteoarthritic knees. This further solidifies the reasons to replace the dysfunctional osteoarthritic knee.

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Safran, Marc R., Christopher D. Harner, Jorge L. Giraldo, Scott M. Lephart, Paul A. Borsa, and Freddie H. Fu. "Effects of injury and Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament on Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 8, no. 4 (November 1999): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.8.4.304.

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Proprioceptive deficits have been demonstrated following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, but little research exists evaluating proprioception in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient and/or -reconstructed knee. We have studied proprioception in PCL-deficient and PCL-reconstructed knees. The following summarizes our protocol and results of proprioceptive testing of kinesthesia and joint position sense in participants with isolated PCL injuries and those who underwent PCL reconstruction. We studied 18 participants with isolated raptures of the PCL and 10 participants who underwent PCL reconstruction. Proprioception was evaluated by two tests: the threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and the ability to passively reproduce passive positioning (RPP). These assess kinesthesia and joint position sense, respectively. We have shown that isolated PCL deficiency in the human knee does result in reduced kinesthesia and enhanced joint position sense. Thus, the proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the PCL do appear to have some function. We further found that PCL reconstruction significantly improved kinesthesia at 45° of knee flexion, while 110° was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved knee in both studies.

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Macefield, Vaughan G., Lucy Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Niamh Goulding, Jose-Alberto Palma, Cristina Fuente Mora, and Horacio Kaufmann. "Increasing cutaneous afferent feedback improves proprioceptive accuracy at the knee in patients with sensory ataxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00148.2015.

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Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (HSAN III) features disturbed proprioception and a marked ataxic gait. We recently showed that joint angle matching error at the knee is positively correlated with the degree of ataxia. Using intraneural microelectrodes, we also documented that these patients lack functional muscle spindle afferents but have preserved large-diameter cutaneous afferents, suggesting that patients with better proprioception may be relying more on proprioceptive cues provided by tactile afferents. We tested the hypothesis that enhancing cutaneous sensory feedback by stretching the skin at the knee joint using unidirectional elasticity tape could improve proprioceptive accuracy in patients with a congenital absence of functional muscle spindles. Passive joint angle matching at the knee was used to assess proprioceptive accuracy in 25 patients with HSAN III and 9 age-matched control subjects, with and without taping. Angles of the reference and indicator knees were recorded with digital inclinometers and the absolute error, gradient, and correlation coefficient between the two sides calculated. Patients with HSAN III performed poorly on the joint angle matching test [mean matching error 8.0 ± 0.8° (±SE); controls 3.0 ± 0.3°]. Following application of tape bilaterally to the knee in an X-shaped pattern, proprioceptive performance improved significantly in the patients (mean error 5.4 ± 0.7°) but not in the controls (3.0 ± 0.2°). Across patients, but not controls, significant increases in gradient and correlation coefficient were also apparent following taping. We conclude that taping improves proprioception at the knee in HSAN III, presumably via enhanced sensory feedback from the skin.

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Nagai, Takashi, Timothy C. Sell, Anthony J. House, John P. Abt, and Scott M. Lephart. "Knee Proprioception and Strength and Landing Kinematics During a Single-Leg Stop-Jump Task." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.1.14.

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Context The importance of the sensorimotor system in maintaining a stable knee joint has been recognized. As individual entities, knee-joint proprioception, landing kinematics, and knee muscles play important roles in functional joint stability. Preventing knee injuries during dynamic tasks requires accurate proprioceptive information and adequate muscular strength. Few investigators have evaluated the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics. Objective To examine the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Fifty physically active men (age = 26.4 ± 5.8 years, height = 176.5 ± 8.0 cm, mass = 79.8 ± 16.6 kg). Intervention(s) Three tests were performed. Knee conscious proprioception was evaluated via threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM). Knee strength was evaluated with a dynamometer. A 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis of a single-legged stop-jump task was used to calculate initial contact (IC) knee-flexion angle and knee-flexion excursion. Main Outcome Measure(s) The TTDPM toward knee flexion and extension, peak knee flexion and extension torque, and IC knee-flexion angle and knee flexion excursion. Linear correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships of both proprioception and strength against landing kinematics. The α level was set a priori at .05. Results Enhanced TTDPM and greater knee strength were positively correlated with greater IC knee-flexion angle (r range = 0.281–0.479, P range = .001–.048). The regression analysis revealed that 27.4% of the variance in IC knee-flexion angle could be accounted for by knee-flexion peak torque and TTDPM toward flexion (P = .001). Conclusions The current research highlighted the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics. Individuals with enhanced proprioception and muscular strength had better control of IC knee-flexion angle during a dynamic task.

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Ribeiro Artigas, Nathalie, Giovana Duarte Eltz, Alexandre Severo do Pinho, Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti Torman, Arlete Hilbig, and Carlos R. M. Rieder. "Evaluation of Knee Proprioception and Factors Related to Parkinson’s Disease." Neuroscience Journal 2016 (September 8, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6746010.

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Background. Changes in proprioception may contribute to postural instability in individuals with neurological disorders. Objectives. Evaluate proprioception in the lower limbs of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the association between proprioception and cognitive ability, motor symptoms, postural instability, and disease severity. Methods. This is a cross-sectional, controlled study that evaluated proprioception in PD patients and healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Kinetic postural proprioception of the knee was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex® Multi-Joint System 4 Pro). Participants were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Hoehn and Yahr rating scale and postural instability (pull test and stabilometric analysis), and motor function (UPDRS-III) tests. Results. A total of 40 individuals were enrolled in the study: 20 PD patients and 20 healthy controls (CG). The PD patients had higher angular errors on the proprioceptive ratings than the CG participants (p=0.002). Oscillations of the center of pressure (p=0.002) were higher in individuals with PD than in the controls. Proprioceptive errors in the PD patients were associated with the presence of tremors as the dominant symptom and more impaired motor performance. Conclusion. These findings show that individuals with PD have proprioceptive deficits, which are related to decreased cognitive ability and impaired motor symptoms.

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Zhang, Lei, Yan Zeng, Ji Qi, Taiyuan Guan, Xin Zhou, Yancheng He, Guoyou Wang, and Shijie Fu. "Mechanism of Activating the Proprioceptive NT-3/TrkC Signalling Pathway by Reverse Intervention for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament–Hamstring Reflex Arc with Electroacupuncture." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6348764.

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The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important structure maintaining stability of the knee joints. Deficits in physical stability and the proprioceptive capabilities of the knee joints are observed, when the ACL is damaged. Additionally, a unilateral ACL injury can affect bilateral knee proprioception; therefore, proprioception of the ACL may play a key role in stability. Electroacupuncture therapy has a definite effect nerve regeneration. In this study, cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into 4 groups: the model control group, intervention of the injured knee with electroacupuncture (IIKE) group, intervention of the bilateral knees with electroacupuncture (IBKE) group, and the blank control group. The unilateral ACL injury model was developed in IIKE and IBKE groups; acupuncture points around the knees underwent intervention similarly in the IIKE and IBKE groups. Then, mRNA and protein expressions of NT-3 and TrkC in the dorsal root ganglion and of growth-associated protein-43 in the ACL increased according to reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results. Decreased incubations and increased amplitudes were found for somatosensory-evoked potentials and motor nerve conduction velocity. The finding indicates that electroacupuncture may play an important role in the recovery of proprioception in the ACL by activating the NT-3/TrkC signalling pathway.

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Amiri, Mohammad Rahim, Masoud Golpayegani, Fariba Moradi Vastgani, and Mohammad Mirghasemi. "Effect of Proprioception Training on Pain and Knee Joint Position Sense of Athletes With Genuvalgum." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.6.3.3.

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Objective: The purpose of this study, the effect of strengthening exercises on proprioception athletes with knee joint position sense in Genuvalgum. Methods: A total of 30 athletes with an age range between 20-30 years voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control) groups. Proprioceptive training program for experimental group for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 3 times daily, 20 minutes). The pre-test and post-test to detect the joint position (PFPPS) and the knee proprioception were measured via digital pictures using Auto-CAD software. Data analysis software SPSS V. 16 using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Knee joint proprioception exercises can reduce the reconstruction error. Conclusion: These exercises improve proprioception in athletes with Genuvalgum.

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Labanca, Luciana, Giuseppe Barone, Stefano Zaffagnini, Laura Bragonzoni, and Maria Grazia Benedetti. "Postural Stability and Proprioception Abnormalities in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041469.

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Knee osteoarthritis (OA) leads to the damage of all joint components, with consequent proprioceptive impairment leading to a decline in balance and an increase in the risk of falls. This study was aimed at assessing postural stability and proprioception in patients with knee OA, and the relation between the impairment in postural stability and proprioception with the severity of OA and functional performance. Thirty-eight patients with knee OA were recruited. OA severity was classified with the Kellgren–Lawrence score. Postural stability and proprioception were assessed in double- and single-limb stance, in open- and closed-eyes with an instrumented device. Functional performance was assessed using the Knee Score Society (KSS) and the Short Performance Physical Battery (SPPB). Relationships between variables were analyzed. Postural stability was reduced with respect to reference values in double-limb stance tests in all knee OA patients, while in single-stance only in females. Radiological OA severity, KSS-Functional score and SPPB were correlated with greater postural stability impairments in single-stance. Knee OA patients show decreased functional abilities and postural stability impairments. Proprioception seems to be impaired mostly in females. In conclusion, clinical management of patients with OA should include an ongoing assessment and training of proprioception and postural stability during rehabilitation.

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Latanioti, E. P., A. G. Angoules, and E. C. Boutsikari. "Proprioception in Above-the-Knee Amputees with Artificial Limbs." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/417982.

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Purpose. To evaluate the lower limb proprioceptive sensation in patients with femoral amputation who received an artificial joint.Materials and Methods. 22 patients (18 men, 4 women), 24–65 years old (mean: 42), who had undergone above-the-knee joint amputation and underwent evaluation of proprioception using joint reposition in a predetermined angle of 15° knee flexion. The measurements were applied using a conventional goniometer to both amputated and healthy knees. The last ones were used as internal control. All patients performed an active knee flexion from hyperextension to 15° in a closed kinetic chain in order to evaluate proprioceptive sensation of the knee joint using the joint position sense (JPS) method during specific controllable circumstances very close to normal gait.Results. JPS at 15° flexion for the amputated knee was calculated to be equal to 13.91 (SD = ±4.74), and for the healthy side it was equal to 14.15 (SD = ±2.61). No statistically significant differences were detected between the amputated and the healthy limb (P>0.05).Conclusions. The proprioceptive information of the stumps did not appear to be affected significantly after thigh amputation and application of artificial prosthesis when JPS at 15° was evaluated. It seems that these patients compensate the loss of the knee sensory receptors via alternative mechanisms.

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Kim, Hyun-Jung, Jin-Hyuck Lee, and Dae-Hee Lee. "Proprioception in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: A Meta-analysis Comparing Injured and Uninjured Limbs." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 12 (January 6, 2017): 2916–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516682231.

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Background: Because of a reduction in the number of mechanoreceptors or alterations of their characteristics, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears lead not only to mechanical instability but also to impaired proprioception. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study analyzed whether ACL tears cause a greater decrease in proprioception in injured than in uninjured knees. The hypothesis was that knee proprioception after ACL tears would decrease more in injured than in contralateral uninjured knees, regardless of the method used to measure knee proprioception. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: We identified studies comparing proprioception in ACL-injured and contralateral intact knees using threshold for detection of passive motion (TTDPM) or joint position sense (JPS) tests. JPS was assessed by measuring the reproduction of passive positioning (RPP) or active repositioning (RAP) of the knee. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results of subgroup analyses of TTDPM for both 20° and 40° of knee flexion showed that mean angle of error was 0.23° (95% CI, 0.08°-0.37°) greater in ACL-injured than in contralateral intact knees ( P = .002). Pooled data RAP and RPP subgroup analyses also showed that the mean angle of error was 0.94° higher in ACL-injured than in contralateral intact knees. The mean difference in angle of error between ACL-injured and contralateral intact knees was 0.71° greater (95% CI, 0.68°-0.74°; P < .001) by JPS than by TTDPM. Conclusion: Proprioception of ACL-injured knees was decreased compared with contralateral intact knees, as determined by both joint movement (kinesthesia) and joint position. The magnitude of loss of proprioception was greater in joint position than in joint movement.

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Susanti, Ayu, Rr Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, and I. Putu Alit Pawana. "The Relationship Between Quadriceps Muscle Atrophy and Proprioception Function in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients." Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/spmrj.v1i2.16177.

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Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee (OA) patients can experience impaired proprioceptive function which causes instability, balance disorder and limited activity. Further analysis is needed to detect changes that occur. There are two methods to evaluate the speed and angle of a particular motion as an analysis of the function of proprioception, Time to Detect Passive Movements (TTDPM) and Joint Position Sense (JPS).Aim: To analyze the relationship between quadriceps muscle atrophy with proprioception in knee osteoarthritis patients.Methods: The design of this research is cross sectional analysis done in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. There were 25 knee OA patients (2 men and 23 women) with each subject had proprioception (JPS and TTDPM) function measured using isokinetics dynamometer on both sides of the knee.Results: This study shows the atrophic side had greater pain intensity and greater disturbance of proprioception. In addition, there were significant differences in JPS measurements at angle of 30⁰, and 60⁰ and TTDPM (p <0.05). No difference obtained at 45⁰ measurements angle.Conclusion: In this study, there was no association between quadriceps atrophy and function of proprioception in knee osteoarthritis patients. This was due to a number of confounding factors that cannot be controlled such as duration, difference in pain intensity, OA severity, physical activity before measurement, and fatigue which can affect proprioception function and bring misinterpretation on measurements.

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Susanti, Ayu, Rr Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, and I. Putu Alit Pawana. "The Relationship Between Quadriceps Muscle Atrophy and Proprioception Function in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients." Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/spmrj.v1i2.2019.59-64.

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Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee (OA) patients can experience impaired proprioceptive function which causes instability, balance disorder and limited activity. Further analysis is needed to detect changes that occur. There are two methods to evaluate the speed and angle of a particular motion as an analysis of the function of proprioception, Time to Detect Passive Movements (TTDPM) and Joint Position Sense (JPS).Aim: To analyze the relationship between quadriceps muscle atrophy with proprioception in knee osteoarthritis patients.Methods: The design of this research is cross sectional analysis done in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia. There were 25 knee OA patients (2 men and 23 women) with each subject had proprioception (JPS and TTDPM) function measured using isokinetics dynamometer on both sides of the knee.Results: This study shows the atrophic side had greater pain intensity and greater disturbance of proprioception. In addition, there were significant differences in JPS measurements at angle of 30⁰, and 60⁰ and TTDPM (p <0.05). No difference obtained at 45⁰ measurements angle.Conclusion: In this study, there was no association between quadriceps atrophy and function of proprioception in knee osteoarthritis patients. This was due to a number of confounding factors that cannot be controlled such as duration, difference in pain intensity, OA severity, physical activity before measurement, and fatigue which can affect proprioception function and bring misinterpretation on measurements.

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Lephart, Scott M., Mininder S. Kocher, Freddie H. Fu, Paul A. Borsa, and Christopher D. Harner. "Proprioception Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1, no. 3 (August 1992): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.1.3.188.

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Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is thought to disrupt joint afferent sensation and result in proprioceptive deficits. This investigation examined proprioception following ACL reconstruction. Using a proprioceptive testing device designed for this study, kinesthetic awareness was assessed by measuring the threshold to detect passive motion in 12 active patients, who were 11 to 26 months post-ACL reconstruction, using arthroscopic patellar tendon autograft (n=6) or allograft (n=6) techniques. Results revealed significantly decreased kinesthetic awareness in the ACL reconstructed knee versus the uninvolved knee at the near-terminal range of motion and enhanced kinesthetic awareness in the ACL reconstructed knee with the use of a neoprene orthotic. Kinesthesia was enhanced in the near-terminal range of motion for both the ACL reconstructed knee and the contralateral uninvolved knee. No significant between-group differences were observed with autograft and allograft techniques.

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Kruger, TH, MF Coetsee, and S. Davies. "The effect of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioception performance in first division rugby union players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2004): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2004/v16i1a192.

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Objective. To investigate the effects of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioceptive performance among first division rugby union players during a 2-minute Wilknox Quad Time Logger balancing task. Design. Each subject performed a 2-minute balancing task on the Wilknox Quad Time Logger. Test order, left or right leg, and the sequence of brace or non-brace, were randomised. Subjects were placed on the balancing board and instructed to balance for 2 minutes. Subjects performed 6 trials. Two days elapsed between testing. Each testing day involved 2 trials, 1 trial with and 1 without the prophylactic knee brace. Settings. Testing took place at the biokinetics laboratory of the University of Zululand. Subjects. Thirty playing (not injured) male rugby players, aged 22 - 30 years, participating in the KwaZulu-Natal club championships (2000). Outcome measure. Performance was measured in terms of time that balance was lost in a dynamic balance test. Peak proprioception was the best balancing performance recorded, and average proprioception the average balancing performance for all trials. Results. The findings showed an improvement of 17.9% in average proprioception times and 19.1% in peak proprioception times with the application of a prophylactic knee brace (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Prophylactic knee bracing improved proprioception performance of playing (uninjured) rugby players, and therefore may be responsible for the improvement in knee injury statistics reported in some studies on knee bracing. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 33-36

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Kruger, TH, MF Coetsee, and S. Davies. "The effect of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioception performance in first division rugby union players." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 16, no. 1 (December 3, 2004): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2004/v16i1a192.

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Objective. To investigate the effects of prophylactic knee bracing on proprioceptive performance among first division rugby union players during a 2-minute Wilknox Quad Time Logger balancing task. Design. Each subject performed a 2-minute balancing task on the Wilknox Quad Time Logger. Test order, left or right leg, and the sequence of brace or non-brace, were randomised. Subjects were placed on the balancing board and instructed to balance for 2 minutes. Subjects performed 6 trials. Two days elapsed between testing. Each testing day involved 2 trials, 1 trial with and 1 without the prophylactic knee brace. Settings. Testing took place at the biokinetics laboratory of the University of Zululand. Subjects. Thirty playing (not injured) male rugby players, aged 22 - 30 years, participating in the KwaZulu-Natal club championships (2000). Outcome measure. Performance was measured in terms of time that balance was lost in a dynamic balance test. Peak proprioception was the best balancing performance recorded, and average proprioception the average balancing performance for all trials. Results. The findings showed an improvement of 17.9% in average proprioception times and 19.1% in peak proprioception times with the application of a prophylactic knee brace (p < 0.01). Conclusion. Prophylactic knee bracing improved proprioception performance of playing (uninjured) rugby players, and therefore may be responsible for the improvement in knee injury statistics reported in some studies on knee bracing. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 33-36

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Harter, Rod A., Louis R. Osternig, and Kenneth M. Singer. "Knee Joint Proprioception Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 1, no. 2 (May 1992): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.1.2.103.

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This study evaluated knee joint position sense in the ACL-reconstructed and contralateral normal knees of 48 male and female subjects (M age 27.6 ± 6.9 yrs). Subjects were blindfolded and tested on their ability to actively reproduce five passively placed knee positions at 5° intervals between 35 and 15° of knee flexion. Mean algebraic target angle error and mean absolute error values were measured in degrees. The grand mean absolute error for the postsurgical knees at all positions was 5.4 ± 3.2°, compared with 5.2 ± 2.7° for the normal contralateral knees. There were no significant differences in knee joint position sense between the postsurgical and normal contralateral limbs at any of the five positions tested. Pivot shift, anterolateral rotatory instability, and Lachman test results were poorly correlated with knee joint position sense. The results suggest that if knee joint position sense was indeed disrupted by ACL injury and reconstructive surgery, related sensory mechanisms compensated for any proprioceptive loss prior to the minimum 2-yr postsurgical follow-up period employed in our study.

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Tamer, Seval, Yavuz Yakut, Filiz Can, and Özlem Ülger. "The Effect of Hamstring Muscle Tightness on Knee Joint Proprioceptive Sense." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00176.

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Objectives: Hamstring muscle tightness is a major musculoskeletal problem that predisposes the knee to injury . Proprioception sense is an important factor for injuries and we have not found any studies on the effect of hamstring muscle tightness on knee joint proprioceptive . Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of hamstring muscle tightness on knee joint proprioceptive sense. Methods: 61 healthy individuals, without any orthopedic or neurological symptoms that affect the knee joint proprioception sense, were included in this study. Individuals' socio-demographic data were recorded. Hamstring muscle tightness was measured with active knee extension (ACE) method by using goniometer. Individuals with hamstring muscle tightness (ACE over of 20 °) was Group 1 and individuals without tightness (ACE 20 ° and under) was Group 2. Proprioceptive component of joint position sense and kinaesthesia was evaluated for the sense of proprioception. Prosport 1000 PMS (Tümer Machine Ankara, Turkey) instrument was used and visual, auditory, tactile, sensory input have been eliminated. Passive placement method and 20 and 40 degrees of knee flexion target angles was used for measurement. For joint position sense target angle predict degree, for kinesthesia perceive movement sense degree was recorded. Instrument moved 10 degrees/sec for joint position sense and 0.4 degrees/sec for kinesthesia. All measurements were repeated three times for dominant and non-dominant side. SPSS version 21 was used for statistical analysis and p values of 0.05 and less were considered evidence of statistically significant findings. Mann-Whitney U rank test was used to compare findings of two groups. Results: Individuals’ socio-demographic data were similar (p> 0.05). No difference was found between the groups’ dominant and non-dominant sides’ AKE values (p> 0.05). Similarly for dominant and non-dominant side kinaesthesia values in 20 °and 40°, joint position sense values in 20 ° and 40 ° did not show statistically significant differences between the groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that hamstring muscle tightness was not effective on knee joint kinesthesia and joint position sense for both dominant and non-dominant side. This result indicates that joint position and kinesthesia were not effective enough to show the effect of hamstring muscle tightness on knee joint proprioception, so other proprioceptive components like muscle strength, range of motion, strength and agility could be considered.

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Moravveji, Hajar, Ali Ghanbari, and Fahimeh Kamali. "Proprioception of Knee Joint in Athletes and Non-Athletes Obese." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n2p286.

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BACKGROUND: Proprioception plays an integral role in the neuromotor control of the knee joint. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of knee joint proprioception deficit and regular exercise activities with obesity.MATERIAL/METHOD: In this case control study, we had 60 participants, aged 18 to 35 in four groups (15 athletes obese; 15 athletes with normal weight; 15 non-athletes obese; 15 non-athletes with normal weight). The average Body Mass Index for the obese groups was 33.50±(3.10) kg/m2 and for the normal weight groups was 23.77±(2.94) kg/m2. We used a Biodex Multi-Joint System 4 Isokinetic Dynamometer to examine proprioception acuity as the amount of a subject's error when trying to reproduce a test knee extension angle (a measure of the joint position sense). We tested proprioception actively (active reproduction test; AAR) and passively (passive reproduction test; PAR) in the right leg.RESULTS: The non-athlete obese group had significantly poorer proprioception acuity in the knee extension movement compared to the normal weight groups and also compared to the athlete obese group. For knee active angle reproduction test AAR, a significant difference was found (p=0.011). The results for passive angle reproduction test PAR, revealed no significant differences between the four groups (p=0.596).CONCLUSIONS: The obese groups showed a deficit in the proprioception function in knee extension movement. Furthermore, the findings suggest that doing regular weight bearing training is associated with better proprioceptive function, even in obese groups. It could manifest that the deleterious effect of obesity on the knee joint proprioception might be stronger than the beneficial influence of exercise training.

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Bąkowski, Paweł, Kinga Ciemniewska-Gorzela, Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, Łukasz Stołowski, and Tomasz Piontek. "Similar Outcomes and Satisfaction of the Proprioceptive versus Standard Training on the Knee Function and Proprioception, Following the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083494.

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Background: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have poorer proprioception than people without such injuries. The effects of proprioceptive training on knee functionality and proprioceptive improvement after ACL reconstruction is still unclear. Methods: The research material consisted of 40 patients after ACL reconstruction. Of the 40 patients, 20 of them were rehabilitated with a standard program and 20 with additional proprioceptive exercises. The subjective and the objective scores were evaluated. Results: No differences were found between the proprioceptive versus the conservative postoperative rehabilitation in the functional nor in the proprioception outcomes of the operated limbs. Conclusions: There is no advantage to function in doing proprioceptive rehabilitation exercises following the ACL reconstruction, when compared with a traditional strengthening program.

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Gillquist, Jan. "Knee ligaments and proprioception." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 67, no. 6 (January 1996): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679608997750.

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Hogervorst, Tom, Jan Gillquist, and Enrique Gómez-Barrena. "Knee ligaments and proprioception." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 68, no. 2 (January 1997): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679709004007.

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Wodowski, Andrew J., Colin W. Swigler, Hongchao Liu, Keith M. Nord, Patrick C. Toy, and William M. Mihalko. "Proprioception and Knee Arthroplasty." Orthopedic Clinics of North America 47, no. 2 (April 2016): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocl.2015.09.005.

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WARREN, PAUL J., TONY K. OLANLOKUN, ANDREW G. COBB, and GEORGE BENTLEY. "Proprioception After Knee Arthroplasty." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 297 (December 1993): 182???187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199312000-00031.

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Beard, DJ, PJ Kyberd, CA Dodd, AH Simpson, and JJ O'Connor. "Proprioception in the knee." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 76-B, no. 6 (November 1994): 992–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.76b6.7983139.

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Barrack, Robert L., Peter J. Lund, and Harry B. Skinner. "Knee Joint Proprioception Revisited." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 18–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.1.18.

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Extensive histological studies have now confirmed a definite link between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the central nervous system. Preliminary histological evidence indicates that this neurological connection may be restored following reconstruction utilizing a free graft. In spite of this apparent graft reinnervation, clinical studies indicate that proprioception in the reconstructed knee probably remains inferior to that of the contralateral normal knee. A number of abnormalities of gait, reflexes, and muscle firing patterns have been discovered following an ACL tear. The degree to which a successful repair or reconstruction corrects these abnormalities remains uncertain, but again it appears that some abnormalities remain even during normal walking. Increased activity of the hamstrings as well as of the vastus lateralis, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius seems to be an adaptive mechanism to stabilize the knee after ACL injury. These muscle firing patterns seem to be trainable to some degree and should be incorporated into postinjury and postsurgical rehabilitation protocols.

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Eriksson, Ejnar. "Knee ligaments and proprioception." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 15, no. 1 (November 30, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0257-9.

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Kumar, Suraj, Ashish Kumar, and Ratnesh Kumar. "PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING AS AN ADJUNCT IN OSTEOARTHRITIS OF KNEE." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 16, no. 01 (March 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957713500024.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is steadily becoming the most common cause of disability with advancing age. So, this study was aimed to prevent and rehabilitate the patient with such disability. Proprioception along with other deficits have been established with threat to the concerned joint. Hence, objective of the study was set to show the efficacy of proprioceptive training with conventional physiotherapy versus conventional physiotherapy. A Pre test- Post test single blind experimental study was designed with 44 patients having knee OA and randomly divided in two groups. Outcome measures were pain intensity on NRS, functional disability on Reduced WOMAC and joint position sense (JPS) error on Electronic Goniometer. Results between group comparisons showed significant improvement in pain intensity (p < 0.05), WOMAC score (p < 0.05) and JPS error (p < 0.05). However both the groups improved significantly but there was more significant improvement in group with proprioception intervention. Hence, it can be concluded that proprioceptive training should be included along with conventional physiotherapy in knee OA rehabilitation.

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Qaiser, Taha, Gevorg Eginyan, Franco Chan, and Tania Lam. "The sensorimotor effects of a lower limb proprioception training intervention in individuals with a spinal cord injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 2364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00842.2018.

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Proprioception is critical for movement control. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals not only experience paralysis but may also experience proprioceptive deficits, further confounding motor recovery. The objective of this study was to test the effects of a robotic-based proprioception training protocol on lower limb proprioceptive sense in people with incomplete SCI. A secondary objective was to assess whether the effects of training transferred to a precision stepping task in people with motor-incomplete SCI. Participants with chronic incomplete SCI and able-bodied controls underwent a 2-day proprioceptive training protocol using the Lokomat robotic exoskeleton. The training involved positioning the test leg to various positions and participants were asked to report whether they felt their heel position (end-point position) was higher or lower compared with a reference position. Feedback was provided after each trial to help participants learn strategies that could help them discern different positions of their foot. Changes in end-point position as well as knee joint position sense were assessed pre- and posttraining. We also assessed the effects of proprioception training on the performance of a precision stepping task in people with motor-incomplete SCI. Following training, there were significant improvements in end-point and knee joint position sense in both groups. The magnitude of improvement was related to pretraining (baseline) proprioceptive sense, indicating that those who initially had better lower limb position sense showed greater changes. Participants also showed improvements in performance of a precision stepping task. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that it is possible to alter proprioceptive sense in people with incomplete SCI using a passive proprioception training protocol combined with feedback. Improvements in proprioceptive sense transferred from end-point to joint position sense and also to an untrained precision stepping task.

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Callaghan, Michael J., Shane McKie, Paul Richardson, and Jacqueline A. Oldham. "Effects of Patellar Taping on Brain Activity During Knee Joint Proprioception Tests Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Physical Therapy 92, no. 6 (January 26, 2012): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20110209.

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Background Patellar taping is a common treatment modality for physical therapists managing patellofemoral pain. However, the mechanisms of action remain unclear, with much debate as to whether its efficacy is due to a change in patellar alignment or an alteration in sensory input. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensory input hypothesis using functional magnetic resonance imaging when taping was applied to the knee joint during a proprioception task. Design This was an observational study with patellar taping intervention. Methods Eight male volunteers who were healthy and right-leg dominant participated in a motor block design study. Each participant performed 2 right knee extension repetitive movement tasks: one simple and one proprioceptive. These tasks were performed with and without patellar taping and were auditorally paced for 400 seconds at 72 beats/min (1.2 Hz). Results The proprioception task without patellar taping caused a positive blood oxygenation level–dependant (BOLD) response bilaterally in the medial supplementary motor area, the cingulate motor area, the basal ganglion, and the thalamus and medial primary sensory motor cortex. For the proprioception task with patellar taping, there was a decreased BOLD response in these regions. In the lateral primary sensory cortex, there was a negative BOLD response with less activity for the proprioception task with taping. Limitations This study may have been limited by the small sample size, a possible learning effect due to a nonrandom order of tasks, and use of a single-joint knee extension task. Conclusions This study demonstrated that patellar taping modulates brain activity in several areas of the brain during a proprioception knee movement task.

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Wein, Frank, Laetitia Peultier, Didier Mainard, and Philippe Perrin. "Posturography table is a good test to evaluate the anterior cruciate Ligament reconstruction?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 5_suppl3 (May 1, 2019): 2325967119S0021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00214.

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Introduction: The success of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is assessed using subjective and functional scores, as well as measurements of knee laxity. The latter is often quantified using instrumented laximetry devices, which measure ‘static’ anterior tibial translation, though recent studies suggested more comprehensive “dynamic” analyses such as jump tests. To facilitate and improve dynamic stability analyses, a proprioception table was adapted to evaluate knees before and after ACLR, though the accuracy and pertinence of its measurement have not yet been demonstrated. Objectives: To determine whether proprioceptive analysis following ACLR provides meaningful and helpful information to guide surgeons and physiotherapists with postoperative rehabilitation and return to sports. Methods: We conducted a prospective study, on a population of 50 amateur or professional sports patients, who received ACLR by the one surgeon (FW). Preoperative and 6-months assessments included GnRB laxity analysis and proprioceptive dynamic stability analysis, with evaluation of the bearing area under 6 different conditions: open eyes (C1), closed eyes (C2), vision distorted by virtual reality headset (C3), open eyes on unstable support (C4), closed eyes on unstable support (C5) and distorted vison on unstable support (C6); a calculation of the C4/C1 ratio enabled appreciation of visual compensations in the proprioceptive capacity, and dependence on visual inference (low ratios indicate greater recourse to visual afference). A complementary analysis of muscular strength by isokinetic assessment was also performed at 6 months followup. Results: There was a significant improvement in proprioception table stability at 6 months compared to the preoperative condition at the C4 (470 vs 440 mm2), C5 (1710 vs 1315 mm2) and C6 (1330 vs 1210 mm2) assessments. For 32 patients evaluated by GnRB, differential laxity at 6 months was less than 5 mm at 200 N, and isokinetic muscle strength measurement was less than 20% different between the knee healthy and the operated knee, or between quadriceps and hamstrings. Proprioceptive quality was variable, with significant visual offsets in some cases (C4/C1 ratio, 0.5 to 16.2). Conclusion: Patients, who have good results in laximeter tests and isokinetic muscle strength measurement, may have a poor proporioception quality with significant visual offsets. The proprioception analysis at 6 months following ACLR could therefore be important to consider rehabilitation and sports recovery.

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McNair, Peter J., Robert N. Marshall, Ken Maguire, and Constance Brown. "Knee joint effusion and proprioception." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 76, no. 6 (June 1995): 566–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(95)80512-5.

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McNair, Peter J., Stephen N. Stanley, and Geoffrey R. Strauss. "Knee Bracing: Effects on Proprioception." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 77, no. 3 (March 1996): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90114-8.

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Brytsko, A. A. "KNEE PROPRIOCEPTION FOLLOWING MENISCAL REPAIR." Journal of the Grodno State Medical University 15, no. 5 (2017): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2221-8785-2017-15-5-569-573.

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Viggiano, Davide, Katia Corona, Simone Cerciello, Michele Vasso, and Alfredo Schiavone-Panni. "The Kinematic Control During the Backward Gait and Knee Proprioception: Insights from Lesions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament." Journal of Human Kinetics 41, no. 1 (July 8, 2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0032.

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AbstractAn already existing large volume of work on kinematics documents a reduction of step length during unusual gaits, such as backward walking. This is mainly explained in terms of modifications of some biomechanical properties. In the present study, we propose that the proprioceptive information from the knee may be involved in this change of motor strategy. Specifically, we show that a non-automated condition such as backward walking can elicit different motor strategies in subjects with reduced proprioceptive feedback after anterior cruciate ligament lesion (ACL). For this purpose, the kinematic parameters during forward and backward walking in subjects with ACL deficit were compared to two control groups: a group with intact ACL and a group with surgically reconstructed ACL. The knee proprioception was tested measuring the threshold for detection of passive knee motion. Subjects were asked to walk on a level treadmill at five different velocities (1-5km/h) in forward and backward direction, thereby calculating the cadence and step length. Results showed that forward walking parameters were largely unaffected in subjects with ACL damage. However, they failed to reduce step length during backward walking, a correction that was normally observed in all control subjects and in subjects with normal proprioceptive feedback after ACL reconstruction. The main result of the present study is that knee proprioception is an important signal used by the brain to reduce step length during the backward gait. This can have a significant impact on clinical evaluation and rehabilitation.

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Bottoni, Giuliamarta, Dieter Heinrich, Philipp Kofler, Michael Hasler, and Werner Nachbauer. "The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Walking on Joint-Position Sense: A Study on Healthy Knees." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (November 2015): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2014-0192.

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Context:During sport activity, knee proprioception might worsen. This decrease in proprioceptive acuity negatively influences motor control and therefore may increase injury risk. Hiking is a common activity characterized by a higher-intensity-exercise phase during uphill walking and a lower-intensity-exercise phase during downhill walking. Pain and injuries are reported in hiking, especially during the downhill phase.Objective:To examine the effect of a hiking-fatigue protocol on joint-position sense.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:24 nonprofessional sportswomen without knee injuries.Main Outcome Measures:Joint-position sense was tested at the beginning, after 30 min uphill walking, and after 30 min downhill walking on a treadmill (continuous protocol).Results:After downhill walking, joint-position sense was significantly worse than in the test at the beginning (P = .035, α = .05). After uphill walking, no differences were observed in comparison with the test at the beginning (P = .172, α = .05) or the test after downhill walking (P = .165, α = .05).Conclusion:Downhill walking causes impairment in knee-joint-position sense. Considering these results, injury-prevention protocols for hiking should focus on maintaining and improving knee proprioception during the descending phase.

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Solanki, Varsha, and Saraswati Iyer. "CORRELATION OF STATIC BALANCE WITH KNEE PROPRIOCEPTION IN ELDERLY." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2020): 3398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2020.105.

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Arumugam, Ashokan, Andrew Strong, Eva Tengman, Ulrik Röijezon, and Charlotte K. Häger. "Psychometric properties of knee proprioception tests targeting healthy individuals and those with anterior cruciate ligament injury managed with or without reconstruction: a systematic review protocol." BMJ Open 9, no. 4 (April 2019): e027241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027241.

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Introduction An anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury affects knee proprioception and sensorimotor control and might contribute to an increased risk of a second ACL injury and secondary knee osteoarthritis. Therefore, there is a growing need for valid, reliable and responsive knee proprioception tests. No previous study has comprehensively reviewed all the relevant psychometric properties (PMPs) of these tests together. The aim of this review protocol is to narrate the steps involved in synthesising the evidence for the PMPs of specific knee proprioception tests among individuals with an ACL injury and knee-healthy controls.Methods and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses will be followed to report the review. A combination of four conceptual groups of terms—(1) construct (knee proprioception), (2) target population (healthy individuals and those with an ACL injury managed conservatively or with a surgical reconstruction), (3) measurement instrument (specific knee proprioception tests) and (4) PMPs (reliability, validity and responsiveness)—will be used for electronic databases search. PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ProQuest will be searched from their inception to November 2018. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts and full text articles, extract data and perform risk of bias assessment using the updated COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments risk of bias checklist for the eligible studies. A narrative synthesis of the findings and a meta-analysis will be attempted as appropriate. Each PMP of knee proprioception tests will be classified as ‘sufficient’, ‘indeterminate’ or ‘insufficient’. The overall level of evidence will be ascertained using an established set of criteria.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval or patient consent is not required for a systematic review. The review findings will be submitted as a series of manuscripts for peer-review and publication in scientific journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018108014.

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Goślińska, Jagoda, Agnieszka Wareńczak, Margaret Miedzyblocki, Krystyna Hejdysz, Ewa Adamczyk, Paweł Sip, Ewa Chlebuś, et al. "Wireless Motion Sensors—Useful in Assessing the Effectiveness of Physiotherapeutic Methods Used in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis—Preliminary Report." Sensors 20, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082268.

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Osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) is characterized by pain, limitation of joint mobility, and significant deterioration of proprioception resulting in functional decline. This study assessed proprioception in OAK patients following two ten-day rehabilitation programs using the Orthyo® system. Fifty-four study participants with clinical symptoms and radiological signs of OAK were randomly divided into an exercise group (n = 27) or a manual therapy group (n = 27). The control group consisted of 27 volunteers with radiological signs of OAK, but with no clinical symptoms or prior history of rehabilitation. The following parameters were assessed: knee proprioception using inertial sensors and a mobile application, patients’ function using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), and pain intensity using the visual analog scale (VAS). Following rehabilitation, knee proprioception tests did not improve in either study group. Both study groups showed significant improvement of the WOMAC-assessed function (exercise group: p < 0.01, manual therapy group: p = 0.01) and a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of VAS-assessed pain following rehabilitation, but the post-therapy results did not differ significantly between the aforementioned groups. The Orthyo® system provided a quick and accurate assessment of the knee joint position sense. There was no direct relationship between functionality, pain, and proprioception threshold in the knee joint.

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S., Shankarlinga, Basavaraj S. Kyavater, and Manik Rana. "Study of proprioception and muscle strength following arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 7, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20211432.

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Background: Mechanoreceptors plays a vital role in knee mechanics. Since there are controversies surrounding the overall recovery time of proprioception following surgery, it is necessary to define the factors affecting proprioceptive recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to investigate the relationship between proprioception and muscle strength following surgery.Methods: Current study is combined prospective and retrospective study done at K. S. hospital Koppal, spanning for a period of one year (December 2019 to December 2020). All patients presented with isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear were included in the study. Patients were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft only and followed up for a period of year. Outcome measures include centre of mass proprioception in AP and medio-lateral direction and muscular strength through force gauze in Newton.Results: 26 patients (mean age 33) were included in the study, all ACL tears were treated by arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with hamstring graft and they underwent varying period of rehabilitation.Conclusions: This study shows that our understanding of biomechanics of ACL reconstructed knees is still evolving, and proprioception is found to be a key factor in determining post-op recovery. ACL remnant preservation intra-op along with proper mechanical positioning of the graft may help in better proprioception and functional outcome following the reconstruction.

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Lephart, Scott M., Danny M. Pincivero, and Susan L. Rozzi. "Proprioception of the Ankle and Knee." Sports Medicine 25, no. 3 (1998): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199825030-00002.

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Lattanizio, Pierre-Jean, Robert J. Petrella, James R. Sproule, and Peter J. Fowler. "Effects of Fatigue on Knee Proprioception." Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199701000-00005.

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Corrigan, JP, WF Cashman, and MP Brady. "Proprioception in the cruciate deficient knee." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 74-B, no. 2 (March 1992): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.74b2.1544962.

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Fridén, T., D. Roberts, R. Zätterström, A. Lindstrand, and U. Moritz. "Proprioception in the nearly extended knee." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 4, no. 4 (December 1996): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01567966.

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Simmons, Scott, Scott Lephart, Harry Rubash, Gerald W. Pifer, and Robert Barrack. "Proprioception After Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty Versus Total Knee Arthroplasty." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 331 (October 1996): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-199610000-00025.

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Bravi, Marco, Fabio Santacaterina, Federica Bressi, Rocco Papalia, Stefano Campi, Silvia Sterzi, and Sandra Miccinilli. "Does Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention or Sacrifice in Total Knee Replacement Affect Proprioception? A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163470.

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Background: Proprioception is an important part of the somatosensory system involved in human motion control, which is fundamental for activities of daily living, exercise, and sport-specific gestures. When total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is performed, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) can be retained, replaced, or discarded. The PCL seems to be responsible for maintaining the integrity of the joint position sense (JPS) and joint kinesthesia. The aim of this review was to assess the effect of PCL on knee joint proprioception in total knee replacement. Methods: This systematic review was conducted within five electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and PEDro with no data limit from inception to May 2021. Results: In total 10 publications were evaluated. The analysis was divided by proprioception assessment method: direct assessment (JPS, kinesthesia) and indirect assessment (balance). Conclusions: The current evidence suggest that the retention of the PCL does not substantially improve the joint proprioception after TKA. Due to the high heterogeneity of the studies in terms of design, proprioception outcomes, evaluation methods, further studies are needed to confirm the conclusions. In addition, future research should focus on the possible correlation between joint proprioception and walking function.

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Başar, Betül, Gökhan Başar, Ahmet Aybar, Akif Kurtan, and Hakan Başar. "The effects of partial meniscectomy and meniscal repair on the knee proprioception and function." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 230949901989491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499019894915.

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Purpose: Aim of our study was to compare the effects of partial meniscectomy and meniscus repair on knee proprioception and function. Methods: The study included 46 patients with clinical and radiological diagnosis of meniscal tear and accompanying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. The patients were evaluated under two groups: group 1: partial meniscectomy and ACL reconstruction, and group 2: meniscal repair and ACL reconstruction. Proprioceptive and functional evaluation of all patients was performed prior to surgery and on postoperative 12th month. Results: Group 1 consists of 18 male and 1 female patients with an average age of 28.78 ± 3.50. Group 2 consists of 23 male and 4 female patients with an average age of 27.14 ± 3.65. Preoperative evaluation revealed significant differences in knee joint position sense values on wide range of knee motion (15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°) in both groups. The statistically significant difference was observed in only the range of knee motion of 60° in patients underwent meniscal repair (group 2), whereas in the range of knee motion of 45°, 60°, and 75° in patients underwent partial meniscectomy (group 1) at 12th-month control. According to Lysholm knee scoring system, significantly better results were achieved with meniscal repair compared to the partial meniscectomy at 12th-month control. Conclusion: In case of ACL rupture accompanied by meniscal tear, the meniscal repair should be sutured, if possible, in order to obtain better results in terms of knee function and proprioception.

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Chen, Xingyu, and Xingda Qu. "Age-Related Differences in the Relationships Between Lower-Limb Joint Proprioception and Postural Balance." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (August 21, 2018): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818795064.

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Abstract:

Objective: In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationships between lower-limb joint proprioception and postural balance. Age-related differences in such relationships were also identified. Background: Impaired postural balance is reportedly one of the most common risk factors for fall accidents. Interventions have been proposed to improve postural balance by enhancing proprioceptive feedback. However, there is still no consensus on the optimal design for these interventions; therefore, there is a need to better reveal the contributions of lower-limb joint proprioception to postural balance. Method: Twenty-eight young and 28 older adults participated. Lower-limb joint proprioception was assessed by joint position sense errors measured at the ankle, knee, and hip of the dominant side, respectively. Postural balance was assessed by using center-of-pressure measures during bilateral static stance. Results: Ankle joint position sense error was positively correlated with root mean squared distance of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in both young and older adults. Different from young adults, hip joint position sense error was positively correlated with root mean squared distance of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in older adults only. Conclusion: Declined ankle and hip proprioception could be risk factors for falls in older adults. Age-related differences in the effects of hip proprioception suggests that hip proprioception is more important for maintaining balance in older adults. Ankle proprioception contributes the most to balance maintenance. Thus, ankle proprioception enhancement exercises should be considered in fall prevention interventions.

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LEMOYNE, ROBERT, CRISTIAN COROIAN, TIMOTHY MASTROIANNI, and WARREN GRUNDFEST. "VIRTUAL PROPRIOCEPTION." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 08, no. 03 (September 2008): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519408002693.

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Virtual proprioception represents a novel means of developing cortical reorganization of alternative strategies for hemiparetic gait. Fundamentals of the device are motor control plasticity, aftereffect, and visual-based biofeedback. Two wireless three-dimensional (3D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers are placed on the femur (upper leg) of both the affected and unaffected limbs above the lateral epicondyle next to the knee joint. The acceleration data from the two wireless 3D MEMS accelerometers are fed back to the user in real time by visual output from a portable laptop PC. Given the virtual proprioception feedback, the user can then adjust the original gait while walking to an improved alternative gait strategy. First, hemiparetic gait is comprehensively discussed. The inherent roles of proprioception with locomotion and issues with traumatic brain injury are considered. Then, the technology advance of accelerometers and gait analysis is detailed. Virtual proprioception is tested and evaluated, while demonstrating the capacity to improve disparities in hemiparetic gait during real time.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Knee proprioception'

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