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Journal articles on the topic 'Knitted textile'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Niu, Li, Xuhong Miao, Gaoming Jiang, Ailan Wan, Yutian Li, and Qing Liu. "Biomechanical energy harvest based on textiles used in self-powering clothing." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502096735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020967352.

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Advanced triboelectric nanogenerator techniques provide a massive opportunity for the development of new generation wearable electronics, which toward multi-function and self-powering. Textiles have been refreshed with the requirement of flexible electronics in recent decades. In particular, knitted-textiles have exhibited enormous and prominent potential possibilities for smart wearable devices, which are based on the merits of high stretchability, excellent elasticity, comfortability as well as compatibility. Combined knitted textiles with nanogenerator techniques will promote the knitted textile triboelectric nanogenerators (KNGs) emerging, endowing conventional textiles with biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing energy supplied abilities. However, the design of KNGs and the construction of KNGs are based on features of human motions symbolizing considerable challenges in both high efficiency and excellent comfort. Currently, this review is concerned with KNGs construction account of triboelectric effects referring to knitted-textile classifications, structural features, human motion energy traits, working mechanisms, and practical applications. Moreover, the remaining challenges of industrial production and the future prospects of knitted-textile triboelectric nanogenerators of harvesting biomechanical energy are presented.
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El Kadi, Michael, Panagiotis Kapsalis, Danny Van Hemelrijck, Jan Wastiels, and Tine Tysmans. "Influence of Loading Orientation and Knitted Versus Woven Transversal Connections in 3D Textile Reinforced Cement (TRC) Composites." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13 (June 29, 2020): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134517.

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As previous research has shown, the use of 3D textiles does not only facilitate the manufacturing process of Textile Reinforced Cement (TRC) composites but also influences the mechanical properties of the TRC. A fundamental understanding of the contribution of the transversal connections in the 3D textile to the loadbearing behavior of 3D TRCs is, however, still lacking in the literature. Therefore, this research experimentally investigates two different parameters of 3D TRCs; firstly, the 3D textile typology, namely knitted versus woven transversal connections, is investigated. Secondly, the influence of the stress direction with respect to the orientation of these connections (parallel or perpendicular) is studied. A clear influence of the orientation is witnessed for the woven 3D TRC system while no influence is observed for the knitted 3D TRC. Both woven and knitted 3D TRC systems show an increased post-cracking bending stiffness compared to an equivalent 2D system (with the same textiles but without transversal connections), yet the woven 3D TRC clearly outperforms the knitted 3D TRC.
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Petri, Giorgia, and Berit Greinke. "Measuring Pleated Knitted Sensors." Proceedings 68, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2021068010.

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This paper presents preliminary results from a study of pleated electronic textile (e-textile) sensors, focusing on prototyping and measuring electrical resistance of three knitted sensors. This work is part of a larger research project, investigating the interaction between body and e-textiles with a three-dimensional structure for creative performance applications. First, electrical properties of the pleated textile sensors were determined. Sensors were measured in a purpose-built low-cost recording device, which was set up to record electrical resistance, taken from the fabric while it was folded and unfolded. Different modes of connecting the samples to the microcontroller were also tested. Each sensor was tested three times with three different stretch lengths. The results show that one of the most significant factors to use knitted pleats as an input is the combination of yarns combined with the tension of the knitting machine.
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Komisarczyk, A., G. Dziworska, I. Krucinska, M. Michalak, W. Strzembosz, A. Kaflak, and M. Kaluza. "Visualisation of Liquid Flow Phenomena in Textiles Applied as a Wound Dressing." Autex Research Journal 13, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10304-012-0035-3.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to visualise liquid transport in textiles. Knowledge of the transport phenomena allows for the design of textiles for various applications, e.g., comfortable to wear filtration and wound dressing. To visualise liquid transport through textiles, three test methods were explored. The first one was the high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique (also referred to as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy). It allowed the observation of the pathways of liquid flow through textiles. In the second method, a thermographic camera was used to record temperature changes and assess the liquid flow in the textile. The third method was using a high-speed video camera to observe the liquid transport within the textile. Two types of textiles were studied: a double-layer knitted fabric and a woven fabric, both made from hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibres (cotton, viscose and polypropylene). The knitted fabrics were tested as a new type of wound dressing, which trans
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5

Majeed, Rabia, Zahoor Ul Haq, Muhammad Ishaq, Javed Iqbal, and Zia Ullah. "Do EU and US GSPs matter for the cotton and textiles products exports of Pakistan?" Journal of International Trade Law and Policy 18, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jitlp-09-2018-0040.

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Purpose This study aims to estimate and compare the effect of EU and US GSP schemes on the cotton and textile sectors of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The analysis used data from 2003 to 2014 for all the 14 categories of cotton and textile products at two-digit using HS commodity classification. Effects of the EU and US GSPs are estimated using a gravity trade model. Findings Both the concessions are statistically significant determinants of wadding and nonwoven special yarn, articles of apparel-knitted, articles of apparel-not-knitted and made-up textiles sectors. In the rest of the sectors, the results are a mix. Among these, EU GSP is a statistically significant determinant of wool and animal hair and manmade filaments yarn exports, while the US GSP is important for the exports of cotton yarn and woven fabrics, manmade staple fibers, carpets, impregnated fiber and knitted or crocheted fabrics. Originality/value The research contributes in two major ways. First, it estimates the effects of EU and US GSPs on the textile sector of Pakistan while controlling for the effect of tariffs. Second, the study tests joint hypotheses about the role of EU and US GSPs in the cotton and textile products exports of Pakistan.
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6

Glazzard, Martha, and Philip Breedon. "Weft-knitted auxetic textile design." physica status solidi (b) 251, no. 2 (August 27, 2013): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssb.201384240.

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7

Zhezhova, Silvana, Sonja Jordeva, Sashka Golomeova-Longurova, and Stojanche Jovanov. "Application of technical textile in medicine." Tekstilna industrija 69, no. 2 (2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2102021z.

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Medical textile is an extremely important subcategory of technical textile because it is covering a wide range of products. The term medical textile itself covers all types of textile materials that are used in the healthcare system for various purposes. Medical textile is also known as health textile and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the technical textile market. The growth rate of technical textiles in this area is due to constant improvements and innovations in both areas: textile technologies and medical procedures. Textile structures used in this field include yarns, woven, knitted and non-woven textile materials as well as composite materials reinforced with textiles. The number of applications is large and diverse, from simple surgical sutures to complex composite structures for bone and tissue replacement, hygiene materials, protective products used in operating rooms and in the process of postoperative wound treatment. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of technical textiles for medical, surgical and healtcare applications, to indicate which textiles are currently used in this field.
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8

Thilagavathi, G., K. Rajendrakumar, and T. Kannaian. "Development of Textile Laminates for Improved Cut Resistance." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 5, no. 2 (June 2010): 155892501000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501000500205.

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Fiber structures, yarn structures, and mechanical properties of fibers namely tensile modulus, tenacity, and elongation, are the key performance indicators of fabric cut resistance. p-aramid and UHDPE (Ultra High Density Polyethylene) based high performance fibers are most commonly used for protection against mechanical risks. Specially engineered composite yarns and fabrics enhance cut resistance. This paper discusses the influence of textile structure configuration on the performance of cut resistant textiles. A three tier laminate composite was made using knitted Kevlar fabric, (p-aramid) as the outer surface, polyurethane foam in the middle and a knitted nylon fabric as the skin contact layer. This specially engineered laminate showed a 20% increase in cut resistance when compared with the Kevlar fabric used for lamination. The combination of breathable PU foam and knitted fabric yielded high stretch with improved breathability and dexterity.
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Raji, Rafiu King, Xuhong Miao, Ailan Wan, Zhejiang, Shu Zhang, Yutian Li, and Charles Frimpong. "Progress on the Fabrication of Smart Textiles Based on Soft Strain Sensors." AATCC Journal of Research 6, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.6.6.1.

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The focus of this study is on strain sensing research and applications in smart textiles. Strain sensing is the measurement of fabric deformation by embedding a strain-sensitive material in it and subjecting it to stress. This paper presents an extensive classification of knitted textile strain sensors. Salient knitted strain sensor production parameters, such as conductive yarn choice, fabric structure, fabric structure deformation, and its relationship to strain signal extraction are discussed. The study concludes that producing yarn-based soft strain sensors for smart textile applications is viable. However, sensitive yarns with the right conductivity, count, and structural configuration are often unavailable. Work remains in the areas of efficient fabric deformation, signal extraction methods, development of sensor nodes, and robust experimental testing systems.
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10

Jansen, Kaspar M. B. "Performance Evaluation of Knitted and Stitched Textile Strain Sensors." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 7236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247236.

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By embedding conductive yarns in, or onto, knitted textile fabrics, simple but robust stretch sensor garments can be manufactured. In that way resistance based sensors can be fully integrated in textiles without compromising wearing comfort, stretchiness, washability, and ease of use in daily life. The many studies on such textile strain sensors that have been published in recent years show that these sensors work in principle, but closer inspection reveals that many of them still have severe practical limitations like a too narrow working range, lack of sensitivity, and undesired time-dependent and hysteresis effects. For those that intend to use this technology it is difficult to determine which manufacturing parameters, shape, stitch type, and materials to apply to realize a functional sensor for a given application. This paper therefore aims to serve as a guideline for the fashion designers, electronic engineers, textile researchers, movement scientists, and human–computer interaction specialists planning to create stretch sensor garments. The paper is limited to textile based sensors that can be constructed using commercially available conductive yarns and existing knitting and embroidery equipment. Within this subtopic, relevant literature is discussed, and a detailed quantitative comparison is provided focusing on sensor characteristics like the gauge factor, working range, and hysteresis.
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11

MacDonald, Juliette, and Andrea Peach. "‘Made with love, filled with hope’. Knitted Knockers and the materiality of care: Their impact on the women who make and receive them." Journal of Arts & Communities 10, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2020): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jaac_00007_1.

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This reflective case study sets out to ask ‘How do participatory textile-making projects engage and impact participants and recipients?’ by focusing on Knitted Knockers UK, a global network of knitters who voluntarily create prosthetics for women following mastectomy or lumpectomy. The article examines the choices women are faced with following breast cancer surgery, and considers ‘softer options’ to surgical reconstruction, including knitted prosthetics. Drawing on qualitative data gathered via personal communications and social media, personal experience of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, and feminist discourse with relation to breast cancer and the body, the authors evaluate the relationship between well-being, healthcare and digitally connected knitting communities. They offer reflections on the materiality of care the Knitted Knockers represent and consider the role these hand-knitted prosthetics can play in providing a sense of community and emotional well-being for both the creators and the recipients of these knitted gifts.
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12

KAYACAN, Özlem, Neza BAKIR, and Barkın TRAŞ. "THEELECTROMAGNETICSHIELDINGBEHAVIOROFLAYERED KNITTED FABRIC STRUCTURES." TEXTEH Proceedings 2019 (November 5, 2019): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/tt.2019.08.

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The increase in daily usage of electrical and electronic tools simplify the lives of human beings, on the other hand, they also create an enormous electromagnetic pollution. In industrial applications, electromagnetic shielding materials are used to prevent these electromagnetic signals. The studies on human health against the electromagnetic pollution was determined that the widely usage of these electronic devices increases the risk of cancer. Especially in low frequency fields, the most consistent evidence is obtained in childhood leukemia [1]. In order to reduce the damage of these electromagnetic waves, researches have been still made on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. Electrically conductive technical textiles are also investigated for this aim. Different textile structures such as knitted, woven, composite or coated textiles etc and also different conductive yarns are produced to prevent these harmful waves [2-5].In this study, it is aimed to investigate the electromagnetic shielding performances of conductive knitted fabrics. In order to search the efficiency of these fabrics, single jersey and interlock knitted structures are produced. By using these fabrics, two different types of double-layered fabric structures are formed and the shielding effectiveness of these structures are investigated experimentally [6}.
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13

Ehrmann, A., F. Heimlich, A. Brücken, MO Weber, and R. Haug. "Suitability of knitted fabrics as elongation sensors subject to structure, stitch dimension and elongation direction." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 18 (September 9, 2014): 2006–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514548812.

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The area of smart textiles has recently attracted more and more attention. One of the challenges in this domain is the development of textile sensors, such as textile electrodes, pressure sensors, elongation sensors, etc., mostly containing conductive yarn and/or conductive coating. One possibility to build a textile elongation sensor which can, for example, be utilized as a breathing sensor in a smart shirt, is using knitted fabrics created from conductive yarns, which often show a strong dependence of the electric resistance on the elongation. Due to the typical wearing out of knitted fabrics, however, the time-dependent behavior of a stretched fabric must also be taken into account. The article thus shows the results of elongation-dependent and time-dependent resistance measurements on knitted fabrics, produced from different yarns in various structures and stitch dimensions, elongated in different orientations with respect to the course direction. The results of our study show that full cardigan with medium stitch size is better suited for use as an elongation sensor than double face fabrics or other stitch sizes. These findings are not influenced by the stainless steel fraction in the conduction yarn, while mixing this yarn with a non-conductive one causes undesired signal deviations.
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14

Tunakova, Veronika, Maros Tunak, Vladimir Bajzik, Larysa Ocheretna, Svitlana Arabuli, Olena Kyzymchuk, and Viktoriia Vlasenko. "Hybrid knitted fabric for electromagnetic radiation shielding." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 15 (January 2020): 155892502092539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925020925397.

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Today we can’t imagine our life without electricity and technology, transport and television. In the information age, computers, the Internet, cell phones, and smartphones are helpers for everyday needs. However, our environment and comfortable living in it can be detrimental to our health. It is hard to realize the fact that such a global technical breakthrough has hit human health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation could lead to changes in the structure of nerve cells and blood formulas, deformation of the circulatory system, pathology of the endocrine system, decreased immunity, and so on. Nowadays the development of innovative textiles with electromagnetic radiation shielding is a relevant topic that promotes the creation of a flexible protective screen for the human being and various electronic devices. Textiles themselves do not protect against electromagnetic radiation; however, the textiles can be successfully converted into protective material after changing the raw material composition, creating a new production process, or adapting technologies that can make them electrically conductive. Basic methods of textile producing such as weaving, knitting, non-weaving, or their combination can be used to make electromagnetic shielding fabric. In this study, the knitting on 8-gauge flat-bed machine has been chosen as main technology. The metal wire (stainless steel: 0.12 mm) is used separately or together with 10 × 2 tex cotton yarn. Two sets of samples with different interloopings are produced which differ by steel percentages and positioning in the structures. Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of textile samples (dB) was measured according to ASTM 4935-10 on frequency range 30 MHz–1.5 GHz. It is concluded that the positioning of the metal components in the knitted structure is the main factor determining the shielding ability. The half Milano rib knitted structure demonstrates the highest shielding efficiency.
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Tennant, A., W. Hurley, and T. Dias. "Experimental knitted, textile frequency selective surfaces." Electronics Letters 48, no. 22 (2012): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2012.3005.

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16

Lim, T. C., S. Ramakrishna, and H. M. Shang. "Effect of textile geometry on axisymmetric stretch forming of knitted fabric composites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954405001517720.

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Plain weft-knitted fabrics are known for their excellent quality to stretch and drape around a convex surface without wrinkling. In recent years, sheet forming of knitted fabric composites has been investigated in view of promising future applications. In this paper a prediction of attainable shell height is proposed with reference to the textile geometry and the tool profile. Comparison between the measured and predicted shell heights shows reasonable agreement. The present analysis should provide a guideline for manufacturers in selecting the appropriate textile geometry for satisfactory stretch forming operations of knitted fabric composites.
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Ishmael, Natalie, Anura Fernando, Sonja Andrew, and Lindsey Waterton Taylor. "Textile technologies for the manufacture of three-dimensional textile preforms." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 21, no. 4 (December 4, 2017): 342–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-06-2017-0034.

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an overview of the current manufacturing methods for three-dimensional textile preforms while providing experimental data on the emerging techniques of combining yarn interlocking with yarn interlooping. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the key textile technologies used for composite manufacture: braiding, weaving and knitting. The various textile preforming methods are suited to different applications; their capabilities and end performance characteristics are analysed. Findings Such preforms are used in composites in a wide range of industries, from aerospace to medical and automotive to civil engineering. The paper highlights how the use of knitting technology for preform manufacture has gained wider acceptance due to its flexibility in design and shaping capabilities. The tensile properties of glass fibre knit structures containing inlay yarns interlocked between knitted loops are given, highlighting the importance of reinforcement yarns. Originality/value The future trends of reinforcement yarns in knitted structures for improved tensile properties are discussed, with initial experimental data.
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Fan, Wenjing, Qiang He, Keyu Meng, Xulong Tan, Zhihao Zhou, Gaoqiang Zhang, Jin Yang, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Machine-knitted washable sensor array textile for precise epidermal physiological signal monitoring." Science Advances 6, no. 11 (March 2020): eaay2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay2840.

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Wearable textile electronics are highly desirable for realizing personalized health management. However, most reported textile electronics can either periodically target a single physiological signal or miss the explicit details of the signals, leading to a partial health assessment. Furthermore, textiles with excellent property and comfort still remain a challenge. Here, we report a triboelectric all-textile sensor array with high pressure sensitivity and comfort. It exhibits the pressure sensitivity (7.84 mV Pa−1), fast response time (20 ms), stability (>100,000 cycles), wide working frequency bandwidth (up to 20 Hz), and machine washability (>40 washes). The fabricated TATSAs were stitched into different parts of clothes to monitor the arterial pulse waves and respiratory signals simultaneously. We further developed a health monitoring system for long-term and noninvasive assessment of cardiovascular disease and sleep apnea syndrome, which exhibits great advancement for quantitative analysis of some chronic diseases.
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Shajoo, Subin, David Schmelzeisen, and Christopher Pastore. "Auxetic structures from 3D printed hybrid textiles." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 2, no. 1 (August 14, 2021): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2021.2.p91-102.

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Auxetic structures have been produced using 3D printing and knitted textile materials. A review of other auxetic textiles is presented along with the new materials. A range of configurations were developed, prototyped, and tested to demonstrate significant auxetic response, including Poisson’s ratio up to negative one. The concept of 4D textiles was employed to create environmentally responsive hinges in some structures, allowing the material to change shape in response to thermal stimulus.
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MacCarthy, B. L., J. M. Sharp, and N. D. Burns. "An Analysis of the Mechanical Forces in Latch Needle Cam Systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 206, no. 2 (March 1992): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_106_02.

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The majority of textile fabrics are either woven or knitted. Knitted fabrics are most frequently produced on weft knitting machines. The range of machinery is very diverse but the same basic mechanism is employed to convert textile yarn into knitted textile fabric. The mechanism is a specialized needle and cam system known as a latch needle cam system. This paper develops a general model for the mechanical forces that arise in normal operation of a latch needle cam system. The limitations of previous models are noted. The model may be used to predict mechanical forces for any specified cam profile and for the most common needle and cam arrangements. The model will be used in a following paper on yarn forces in latch needle cam systems. The performance of the model will be reported in a following paper describing an experimental programme and experimental results
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21

Kocic, Ana, Dusan Popovic, Snezana Stankovic, and Goran Poparic. "Influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of hemp knitted fabrics." Chemical Industry 70, no. 3 (2016): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind141126036k.

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In the last years the media have highlighted the damage of the ozone layer and the resulting increase of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the earth?s surface. Prolonged and repeated, both occupational and recreational, sun exposure of the population causes some detrimental effects. Clothing is considered to be one of the most important tools for UV protection. It is generally accepted that synthetic fibres provide a high UV protection capability of textiles, while cellulose fibres (cotton, linen, hemp, viscose) have a low UV absorption capacity. However, natural pigments, pectin and waxes in natural cellulose fibers, and lignin in hemp fibers, act as UV absorbers having a favorable effect on UPF of grey-state fabrics. Bearing in mind the trend of reintroduction of hemp fibers as a source of eco-friendly textiles, there is a serious lack of study about the potential of hemp materials in terms of UV protection. Folded yarn is a complex yarn composed of two or more component yarns arranged parallel and twisted together to make a ?new quality? yarn. Folding of yarns is an operation undertaken in order to modify single-yarn properties to an appreciable degree. There are very few investigations concerning the relationship between the yarn properties and UV protection effectiveness of the fabric made there from. In addition, there is no any result in the scientific literature about the influence of yarn folding on UV protection properties of textile materials. Having this in mind, for our research the idea was to evaluate the effect of yarn folding in this regard. The plain knitted fabrics composed of single or two-folded hemp yarn were compared in terms of UV protection properties. The Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF), as the quantitative measurement of the material effectiveness to protect the human skin against UVR, was determined for the textile materials by in vitro test method according to the European standard EN 13758. The knitted fabrics construction and physical properties were also determined. Bearing in mind that plain knitted fabrics are particularly susceptible to relaxation, they were subjected to relaxation and shrinkage by wetting process, and testing procedure was repeated on the water-treated samples. The results obtained indicated that the folding operation influences UV protection properties of knitted fabrics through an influence on a loop configuration, i.e. the fabric openness. Relaxation and shrinkage of the knitted fabrics due to wet relaxation caused the reduction of macro-porosity increasing the UPF of the knitted fabrics. Although the knitted fabric produced from single hemp yarn was characterized by higher UPF, the UVR transmittance of the folded hemp yarn knitted fabric after wet relaxation placed it in the ?excellent UV protection category? (according to European Standard EN 13758-2). This fact together with the better thermal comfort manifested itself in higher air permeability, confirmed the potential of folding operation in terms of UV protection properties of textile materials.
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Daukantienė, Virginija, and Gerda Mikalauskaitė. "Study of the influence of assemblies on knitted materials hand." International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcst-03-2019-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of assembly type on the hand property of the polyester-knitted materials containing different amounts of elastane fibre. Design/methodology/approach The hand property of control textile materials specimens as well as assembled ones applying both adhesive bonding and sewing was evaluated analysing the typical pulling curves as well as the individual hand parameters, which were determined using the device KTU-Griff-Tester. The complex hand criterion Q was calculated for the complete assessment of both textiles and their assemblies’ hand by one numeral value. Findings It was shown that the fabric structure and assembly type have a significant influence on the knitted materials hand property. The complex hand criterion Q varied from 0.068 to 0.186, depending on the material structure, and it was decreased up to 42.6 per cent due to textile assemblies. Practical implications The determined research results are significant not only for clothing science but also leads to the improvement in clothing quality in fashion industry suggesting more ergonomic and original constructional decisions for clothes’ design, selection of most suitable assembly type and its place in overall garment area, which is very important for the development process of the slim fitted sportswear featuring with a very complicated construction, usually worn under intensive body movements causing rubbing effect to the skin. Originality/value Knitted fabrics should not only be elastic but also have perfect hand, thus making them to feel comfortable. But hand property of assembled textiles had not been investigated previously. Novelty and originality of this research was the objective and simple evaluation of the hand property for both knitted materials and their assemblies taking into account the overall skin sensorial comfort of a garment.
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Stojanović, Sandra, Jelka Geršak, and Dušan Trajković. "Compression properties of knitted fabrics printed by sublimation transfer printing technique." Advanced Technologies 10, no. 1 (2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/savteh2101046s.

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Compression properties of textile materials are useful for determining fullness, softness, smoothness, and stiffness. In addition, compression parameters have significant influence on fabric hand value and quality of textile materials. The present paper reports a study of the sublimation printing process influence on the change in compression properties of knitted fabrics (polyester, cotton, and cotton/ polyester) intended for sportswear manufacturing. For that purpose, the KES-FB3-A Compression Tester was used for measuring compression parameters of knitted fabrics. The parameters, which contributed to the smallest reduction percentage in compression properties of polyester knitted fabrics were yarn linear density and weight. For cotton-rich knitted fabrics sublimation coating powder was used for paper modification to bond disperse dyes to cotton fibres. The analysis of the results showed that the printing process had a smaller influence on the change of compression parameters of polyesters in relation to cotton and cotton/polyester knitted fabrics. It was noted that the printing process had the effect of thickness reduction for all knitted fabrics to varying degrees. Printing process contributed to small decrease in compressibility and specific volume values for polyester knitted fabrics. The modification process contributed to the significant reduction of the compressibility for cotton (from 34.46% to 47.89%) and cotton/polyester (from 38.81% to 50.75%) knitted fabrics. In addition, reduction in specific volume values range from 41.86% to 44.19% for cotton and from 42.37% to 45.75% for cotton/ polyester knitted fabrics was notted.
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Nemcokova, Renata, Viera Glombikova, and Petra Komarkova. "Study on Liquid Moisture Transport of Knitted Fabrics by Means of Mmt, Thermography and Microtomography Systems." Autex Research Journal 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0022.

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Abstract Liquid moisture transport of textile structures has been studied in order to manage human perspiration well. This article deals with investigation of dynamic moisture transport of knitted fabrics by sophisticated methods, such as moisture management tester (MMT), thermography and microtomography systems. Three groups of knitted fabrics were analysed by the above-mentioned methods. Specifically, the distribution of liquid drops on samples was compared with the results of vertical wicking of tested materials and the parameter of three-dimensional fabric porosity. Both dynamic spreading of liquid drops on the surface of samples (from top and bottom sides simultaneously) and vertical wicking behaviour of textiles were analysed by the combination of thermography and image analysis system. Further, the results from MMT and porosity analysis by microtomography system were investigated to specify the interaction between structure parameters of knitted fabrics and their liquid transport properties which influence total wear comfort.
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Luan, Kun, Andre J. West, Marian G. McCord, Emiel A. DenHartog, Quan Shi, Isa Bettermann, Jiayin Li, et al. "Mosquito-Textile Physics: A Mathematical Roadmap to Insecticide-Free, Bite-Proof Clothing for Everyday Life." Insects 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12070636.

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Garments treated with chemical insecticides are commonly used to prevent mosquito bites. Resistance to insecticides, however, is threatening the efficacy of this technology, and people are increasingly concerned about the potential health impacts of wearing insecticide-treated clothing. Here, we report a mathematical model for fabric barriers that resist bites from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes based on textile physical structure and no insecticides. The model was derived from mosquito morphometrics and analysis of mosquito biting behavior. Woven filter fabrics, precision polypropylene plates, and knitted fabrics were used for model validation. Then, based on the model predictions, prototype knitted textiles and garments were developed that prevented mosquito biting, and comfort testing showed the garments to possess superior thermophysiological properties. Our fabrics provided a three-times greater bite resistance than the insecticide-treated cloth. Our predictive model can be used to develop additional textiles in the future for garments that are highly bite resistant to mosquitoes.
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Krinner, Sophia, and Michael Kieren. "TEXTILE-CIRCUIT - the opportunity of integrating functionality into a textile product." Communications in Development and Assembling of Textile Products 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25367/cdatp.2020.1.p74-79.

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With its technology KARL MAYER provides the possibility to use tailored fiber placement of functional yarns directly during the textile production process. It allows a fast production of functional fabrics with no additional steps while keeping the desired textile properties. These functional warp knitted products can be used in a wide range of applications such as active- and sportswear, lingerie, outdoor, automotive and agricultural fabrics.
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Novakovic, Milada, Jovana Milanovic, Dragana Grujic, and Snezana Stankovic. "Liquid transfer properties of textile fabrics as a function of moisture content." Chemical Industry 74, no. 2 (2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind190925008n.

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Liquid transport in textile fabrics determines thermal comfort during high physical activity of a person when liquid perspiration is produced and needs to be transferred away from the skin to keep the thermal balance. In this investigation, an attempt was made to get some indications of how the combination of the fabric composition, geometry and dimensional stability, and the moisture content influences liquid transfer properties of plain weft knitted fabrics. Therefore, the knitted fabrics made from pure hydrophilic (hemp fibres), pure hydrophobic (acrylic fibres) and a hydrophilic/hydrophobic (hemp/acrylic) fibre blend underwent a trial wear and care period. The Malden Mills water distribution test was performed for the knitted fabrics with different moisture contents (0-30 %) in order to evaluate the effect on liquid transfer properties. Water transfer ability and water holding capacity of the knitted fabrics were also determined after undergoing the wear trial test. The obtained results were analysed with respect to macro and micro scales of porosity of knitted fabrics. It has been shown that the geometric configuration of the complex porous network in knitted fabrics influenced their liquid transfer properties in the whole moisture content range regardless of the composition. Despite the reconfiguration of the pore system in the knits during the trial period, their liquid transfer properties were still dependent on the pore size and distribution.
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Riauka, Aurimas, Algirdas Žemaitaitis, Rima Klimavičiūtė, Reda Skrebiškienė, and Regina Ramenytė. "PURIFICATION AND REUSE OF COLOURED TEXTILE WASTEWATER." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636877.

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Wastewater of baths after an exhaust dyeing of cotton knitted fabric with reactive dyestuffs, soaping and rinsing was investigated. It was found that the wastewater of rinsing baths after dyeing in a light shade, which had a small amount of dyes and electrolytes, could be used for dyeing or rinsing after dyeing in a dark shade. The dyes present in the wastewater can be removed by treatment with cross‐linked cationic starch (CCS) with a degree of substitution of about 0,3. In all cases wastewater must be filtered before reuse. Such a wastewater was used for dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics in a dark shade with a laboratory apparatus. It was found that the use of wastewater in the dyeing process was risky because in some cases the colour of coloured products did not satisfy colour standards. Filtered wastewater as well as that treated with CCS were used for rinsing after dyeing of cotton and viscose knitted fabrics in a dark shade with reactive dyestuffs in industrial‐scale experiments. The colour of dyed textiles satisfied colour standards, and the colour fastness to rubbing was good.
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Hasani, Hossein, Sanaz Hassanzadeh, Mohammad Javad Abghary, and Elahe Omrani. "Biaxial weft-knitted fabrics as composite reinforcements: A review." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 7 (July 28, 2016): 1439–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715624256.

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Textile products are considered as an acceptable alternative for commonly used composite reinforcement due to their lightweight as well as relatively high specific strength and stiffness. Among the variety of textile structures which could be employed in composite manufacturing, the role of weft-knitted fabrics is almost very limited. This is because employing the weft-knitting technology would provide such structures with inferior mechanical properties due to their highly looped construction as well as low fiber volume fraction. But on other hand, it is important to be noted that some advantages such as high energy absorption, good impact resistance, and formability of knitted structures made the researchers to focus on investigating different methods by which the inferior mechanical properties of ordinary weft-knitted fabrics could be improved. Inserting the reinforcing yarns through the warp and weft direction of the knitted fabrics is considered as one of the effective solution for improving their mechanical behavior which eventually leads to a high potential product called as biaxial weft-knitted fabrics. In this literature, it is aimed to review different aspects of novel designed biaxial weft-knitted fabrics which could be suitable for a broad area of technical application such as composite reinforcements.
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Carpus, Eftalea, Angela Dorogan, Emilia Visileanu, Mircea Ignat, Gelu Onose, Dimitrie Nanu, Ioana Carpus, Maria Buzdugan, and Marcela Radu. "Accomplishing of Convergent Systems for Mobile Personalized Information Monitoring." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.95.

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There is a critical need of integrating the basic electronics technologies, sensors, computers and communications into textiles, so that these, until now passive, to be able to be changed into interactive, intelligent information infrastructure in order to facilitate the personalized mobile information processing to the end user. A field with a special application potential of the intelligent textiles is the medical field. The paper will present a knitted textile product having an attached resistive sensor meant for monitoring the foetus heart rate during the intrauterine development period.
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Arbataitis, Edgaras, Daiva Mikucioniene, and Liudmyla Halavska. "Flexible Theoretical Calculation of Loop Length and Area Density of Weft-Knitted Structures: Part I." Materials 14, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14113059.

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This work presents a simple and flexible method for theoretical calculation of the main structural parameter of weft-knitted fabrics’—the loop length and one of the main characteristics of textile fabrics—area density, which combines physical and economical aspects. It helps to predict many physical properties and the mechanical behaviour, which is especially important for protective textiles, and allows predicting potential yarn consumption for knitting of one square meter of the fabric. The main idea of the proposed method, based on Čiukas geometrical model, is to calculate different parts of the knitted loop separately, which gives a great flexibility of such modelling. The proposed theoretical formulas can be used for various weft-knitted structures, give very low errors to empirical calculations, and are easy to use. It is a big advantage because known geometric models only allow a loop length of some particular pattern to be calculated, usually of single jersey or rib 1 × 1.
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Kudzin, Marcin H., Anna Kaczmarek, Zdzisława Mrozińska, and Joanna Olczyk. "Deposition of Copper on Polyester Knitwear Fibers by a Magnetron Sputtering System. Physical Properties and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Response of New Multi-Functional Composite Materials." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 6990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196990.

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In this study, copper films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on poly(ethylene terephthalate) knitted textile to fabricate multi-functional, antimicrobial composite material. The modified knitted textile composites were subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and antifungal tests against Chaetomium globosum fungal molds species. The prepared samples were characterized by UV/VIS transmittance, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile and filtration parameters and the ability to block UV radiation. The performed works proved the possibility of manufacturing a new generation of antimicrobial textile composites with barrier properties against UV radiation, produced by a simple, zero-waste method. The specific advantages of using new poly(ethylene terephthalate)-copper composites are in biomedical applications areas.
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Mikalauskaitė, Gerda, Virginija Daukantienė, and Giedrė Vadeikė. "Experimental Study of the Comfort Properties of Knitted Fabrics and their Joined Elements." Key Engineering Materials 800 (April 2019): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.800.315.

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Assuring the comfort of the human body is one of the most important functions of sportswear and leisure wear. Knitted fabrics should have high air permeability for easily transmit of the perspiration from the skin to the atmosphere as well as to feature with good hand thus making the wearer to feel comfortable. In this research, both hand and air permeability of eight commercially available polyester knitted fabrics and their adhesive bonds were investigated. There was shown that textile structure and adhesive bonds make the significant influence on textile hand and permeability to air making them being worse.
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Curteza, Antonela, Viorica Cretu, Laura Macovei, and Marian Poboroniuc. "The Manufacturing of Textile Products with Incorporated Electrodes." Autex Research Journal 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2015-0049.

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Abstract One of the main causes of disabling deficits is neurological affections. Many times, the evolution of the condition leads to a diminution of the patient’s life quality. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is part of the neurological rehabilitation process that comprises all the actions one can take in order to increase a patient’s integration and autonomy degree from a social and financial point of view. FES is a method based on substituting the commands that are usually transmitted by the nervous system with an electric impulse. The use of such a method on different body areas required the development of some adequate devices, starting with the stimulator itself and finishing with the way in which the stimulus is conveyed to the effectors. Textile materials that incorporate sensors and, mainly, the clothing products that have such components in their structure, have a high applicability potential; they can be used for preventing illnesses and for the rehabilitation of seniors, of people who are confined to bed, sportsmen, people who suffer from long-term illnesses, disabled people, thus diminishing the time one spends in the hospital. A possible solution for manufacturing incorporated textile electrodes consists in the insertion of some electro-conductive yarns onto textile surfaces by using a variety of technologies. The project approaches the use of knitting, a widespread textile technology. The incorporated knitted electrodes were accomplished by applying the knitting technology on single circular small diameter machines. Thus, we were able to obtain a variety of knitted articles as two-dimensional or three-dimensional tubular knitted fabric. Their dimensions, structures, and parameters correspond to the typo-dimensions of the human body and to the purpose for which the clothing product was designed. The knitted versions were tested by using a Microstim2v2 (PW = 300 μs, 40 Hz) neurostimulator for which the current intensity was adjusted to approx. 30 mA.
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Medeiros, Jose Ivan, and Raul Fangueiro. "Analysis and Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Wires Behaviour in Weft-Knitted Fabrics." Materials Science Forum 730-732 (November 2012): 709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.730-732.709.

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It is widely acknowledged within the textile engineering community that Shape Memory Alloys (SMA), exhibit great potential for several applications. This paper presents the research undertaken at the University of Minho aiming to study the behaviour of weft-knitted fabrics produced with SMA nitinol® wires. SMA nitinol® wires of type B (which shows shape memory effect at body temperature) of 50, 127 and 210 µm diameters have been used to produce weft-knitted fabrics with different loop types, e.g. stitch, tuck and miss. The influence of the loop type on the performance of the weft-knitted fabric, in terms of energy absorption, has been analyzed. Tensile tests were carried out according to ISO1462 standard, using a H100KS Hounsfield universal testing instrument. The results aim to help future applications of SMA in the development of new textile materials.
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Busilienė, Gita, Eugenija Strazdienė, and Virginijus Urbelis. "The Effect of Fibre Composition and Washing Conditions upon Hand Properties of Knitted Materials." Conference Papers in Materials Science 2013 (October 28, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873692.

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The behaviour of knitted plated jersey materials made from natural and man-made fibres was tested after certain washing conditions. Surface density and thickness of investigated materials differed insignificantly, from 206 g/m2 up to 222 g/m2 and from 0.56 mm up to 0.79 mm, respectively. Special device for textile materials hand evaluation based on the principle of pulling of a disc-shaped specimen through a rounded hole was used. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of materials’ fibre composition and washing conditions upon the changes of hand properties of knitted materials. Analysis of obtained results showed that, during washing, textile materials shrink and become more dense and rough, and their rigidity increases as well. Thus, the most significant effect of 5-cycle washing was obtained for knitted material with bamboo fibres.
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Novakovic, Milada, Lana Putic, Matejka Bizjak, and Snezana Stankovic. "Moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics made of natural and regenerated cellulose fibres." Chemical Industry 69, no. 2 (2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind140201034n.

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Moisture management is a complicated process which is known to be influenced by a variety of fabric characteristics such as fibre nature (hydrophilic or hydrophobic), porosity and thickness. There are different aspects of the moisture management properties of textile materials since water transport in textile materials can be in the form of liquid and vapour. The ability of textile materials to transfer water vapour allows the human body to keep thermal balance due to evaporation. With stronger physical activity of a person when the body produces a large amount of heat, the skin perspiration increases (in order to regulate the body temperature) and liquid sweat should be taken from the skin, otherwise it will worsen the sense of comfort. The aim of this research was to investigate the factors influencing moisture management properties of plain knitted fabrics at the three scale levels, i.e. microscopic (fibre type), mesoscopic (yarn geometry) and macroscopic (fabric porosity) levels. Plain knitted fabrics were produced from the two-assembled hemp, cotton and viscose yarns under controlled conditions so as to be comparable in basic construction characteristics, but varying in yarns geometry. Evaporative resistance test reflecting vapour transport and water distribution test reflecting liquid transport in the knitted fabrics were conducted. To determine the statistical importance of the results, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied. As a consequence of the geometry and deformation behaviour of the fibres used and spinning techniques applied, the yarns differed in both packing density and surface geometry, thus determining the pore distribution. Due to loose structure of the cotton yarn, the cotton knitted fabric was characterised by the lowest free open surface (macroporosity) exhibiting the lowest both water vapour and liquid permeability. Although having the highest macroporosity, the water vapour and liquid transport capability of the hemp knitted fabric was lower than that of the viscose knit. The best moisture management properties of the viscose knitted fabric were resulted from viscose affinity for water absorption and increased surface area of the viscose yarn. The results obtained proved that variations in any of the hierarchical structure levels can modify moisture transport ability of textile fabrics. Therefore, the moisture management properties of textile materials can be guided in a desired direction by the appropriate selection of fibres and careful design of yarn structure.
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Hassan, Zuhaib, Fatma Kalaoglu, and Ozgur Atalay. "Development and characterization of conductive textile (cotton) for wearable electronics and soft robotic applications." Textile Research Journal 90, no. 15-16 (January 22, 2020): 1792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517519897113.

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This study aims to manufacture and characterize various types of conductive cotton fabrics through the copper metal coating approach. Thus, we selected nine-combed cotton knitted fabrics with different yarn fineness and elastane percentage in order to see the effect of these parameters on conductivity and physical properties of the samples. We also explored the surface morphology of all the knitted cotton fabric samples before and after the coating method via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed a remarkably uniform deposition of copper on the fabric surface, and performed SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to determine the coated material content on the surface of the fabric after the metal coating process. The results revealed that knitted cotton fabric of 5% elastane with the finer yarn count (Ne = 40/1) showed excellent conductivity compared to the other knitted cotton fabric of 10% elastane with a finer count (Ne = 40/1) or coarser 5% elastane (Ne = 30/1). Therefore, the knitted cotton fabrics of 5% elastane having the finer count (Ne = 40/1) can be considered a suitable candidate for e-textile applications.
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Li, Ying Lin, Li Hui Cao, and Lian He Yang. "Weft Knitted Pattern Designing Based on the Wave Filter." Advanced Materials Research 213 (February 2011): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.213.576.

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Weft knitted pattern design is one of the most important compositions of textile CAD. Traditional pattern design has a higher request on designers, which can not meet the demand on product development. This paper introduced an automatic approach of weft knitted pattern design, put forward a wave filter which is used to process images based on mathematical functions, described its theory and its algorithm in Visual C++ environment, the result is satisfactory. This method provided a new way for weft knitted pattern design.
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40

Dong, Shanshan, Fan Xu, Yilan Sheng, Zihao Guo, Xiong Pu, and Yanping Liu. "Seamlessly knitted stretchable comfortable textile triboelectric nanogenerators for E-textile power sources." Nano Energy 78 (December 2020): 105327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105327.

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Kyzymchuk, Olena, and Liudmyla Melnyk. "Stretch properties of elastic knitted fabric with pillar stitch." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 13, no. 4 (December 2018): 155892501882072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925018820722.

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Knitted fabrics and products are subjected to a variety of stresses and loads/deformation during their usage. The loads are different by value, by direction, and by duration. The alternations of loading and unloading or resting processes affect the knitted structure and could bring about changes in the linear dimensions of the fabric or result in the deformation of the knitted items and ultimately the loss of product appearance or its functional properties. A wide range of textile materials resistant to multiply loads was produced by using elastomeric yarn that has an elongation of more than 95% and is able to attain full recovery after relaxation due to its chemical composition. This case study examines two existing test methods for evaluating the stretch properties of textile materials produced with the elastomeric yarns with emphasis on warp knitted abdominal binder-type fabrics. It was found that the linear density of the weft in-laying threads and the preliminary tension of the ground yarn which formed pillar stitch affect stretch properties of elastic warp knitted fabric: the full deformation and its constituent parts. The change in the preliminary elongation of the bare spandex in the 210%–270% range does not have a significant effect.
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EFTALEA, CĂRPUS, MIHAI CARMEN, DOROGAN ANGELA, and BIRLIBA IULIA. "Correlation study of multifunctional knitted textile structures characteristics." Industria Textila 68, no. 02 (March 1, 2017): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.068.02.1271.

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Textile systems used to improve people’s health monitoring abilities are the result of research and innovation of multidisciplinary teams. In this case, the nature of design may involve: solving of the practical problems, execution of decisions; application of science, heuristic search; creativity and imagination, knowledge transfer and transformation; data collection and processing; drawing and calculation. An important/key factor about making of the design decision – providing flexible, interactive textile structures that can be used as attachment element of monitoring devices in known for the linkages potential between product characteristics. Using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), the paper shows the correlations that can be taken into account in determining the structure and shape of anatomical knitted structure processed on seamless type knitting system.
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Liu, Pengbi, Nanliang Chen, Jinhua Jiang, and Xuejun Wen. "New surgical meshes with patterned nanofiber mats." RSC Advances 9, no. 31 (2019): 17679–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01917k.

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Matsouka, Dimitroula, Savvas Vassiliadis, Stylianos Mitilineos, Nikolaos Stathopoulos, and Elias Siores. "Three-dimensional weft-knitted textile fabrics-based capacitors." Journal of The Textile Institute 109, no. 1 (May 16, 2017): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2017.1330174.

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Guignier, Claire, Brigitte Camillieri, Michel Schmid, René M. Rossi, and Marie-Ange Bueno. "E-Knitted Textile with Polymer Optical Fibers for Friction and Pressure Monitoring in Socks." Sensors 19, no. 13 (July 8, 2019): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133011.

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The objective of this paper is to study the ability of polymer optical fiber (POF) to be inserted in a knitted fabric and to measure both pressure and friction when walking. Firstly, POF, marketed and in development, have been compared in terms of the required mechanical properties for the insertion of the fiber directly into a knitted fabric on an industrial scale, i.e. elongation, bending rigidity, and minimum bending radius before plastic deformation. Secondly, the chosen optical fiber was inserted inside several types of knitted fabric and was shown to be sensitive to friction and compression. The knitted structure with the highest sensitivity has been chosen for sock prototype manufacturing. Finally, a feasibility study with an instrumented sock showed that it is possible to detect the different phases of walking in terms of compression and friction.
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Wang, Wei, Tao Li, Kang Liu, Shuo Wang, and Huaxin Peng. "Effects of three fabric weave textures on the electrochemical and electrical properties of reduced graphene/textile flexible electrodes." RSC Advances 10, no. 11 (2020): 6249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra08524f.

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Chen, Chaoyu, Zhaoqun Du, Weidong Yu, and Tilak Dias. "Analysis of physical properties and structure design of weft-knitted spacer fabric with high porosity." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 1 (November 13, 2016): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517516676060.

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The main content dealt with in the paper is to present a kind of weft-knitted spacer fabric with high porosity. It is a kind of three-dimensional textile fabric with a sandwich structure that consists of a middle layer of multifilament and two outer layers of plain-knitted fabric. Compared with traditional warp-knitted spacer fabric as cushion mats, weft-knitted spacer fabric is well used as apparel for good softness, thermal/moisture comfort, and air permeability. Therefore, three structures were designed and nine samples were prepared by choosing plain-knitted fabric as the outer layers and selecting soft and thin multifilament as a middle layer. Experimental results show that this kind of weft-knitted spacer fabrics has high porosity, greater than 86%, and also demonstrate that the weft-knitted spacer fabric is suitable for comfortable apparel based on experimental results of air permeability, compression properties, stiffness, and thermal insulation properties.
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Wang, Ning Ning, Jia Ying Sun, and Cheng Yan Zhu. "Environmental Corrosion Resistance of Textile Reinforced Composites in Seawater." Materials Science Forum 813 (March 2015): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.813.140.

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In order to study on mechanical performance as the target of environmental corrosion resistance property, three kinds of glass fiber fabrics like biaxial warp knitted fabric, biaxial stitch-bonded felt and three axial warp knitted fabric were used to prepare textile reinforced composites in five layers laminated structure, which were soaked in seawater environment for 180 days. The result showed that, the surface appearance of textile reinforced composite became muddy and the color became darker, the tensile strength and bending strength of composites decline of the whole with the extension of soak time, the average loss rate of tensile and bending performance are respectively 24.8% and 56.5%, all of these provide the theoretical basis for researching and developing high-quality composite materials.
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Арабулі, С. І., А. Т. Арабулі, С. С. Ототюк, В. В. Клочко, and Д. Ю. Черепенко. "ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ КОМФОРТНОСТІ БІЛИЗНЯНИХ ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ПОЛОТЕН ДЛЯ ЗАНЯТЬ СПОРТОМ." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 136, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2019.4.11.

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Determination of comfort properties of knitted underwear for sports and comparison of traditional and innovative underwear for thermal underwear. Methodology. The article provides an analysis of the modern range of textile materials for underwear, analyzes the latest developments in the design of thermal underwear. The modern methods have been used to determine clothing comfort and physical properties of textile materials. Experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science.
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Nayak, Rajkishore, Sinnappoo Kanesalingam, Arun Vijayan, Lijing Wang, Rajiv Padhye, and Lyndon Arnold. "Design of 3D knitted structures for impact absorption in sportswear." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.605.

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<p>Some sports involve frequent collisions between the players, and between a player and the playing surface, leading to injuries such as muscular strains, dislocations, sprains, lacerations, fractures and soft tissue injuries. In several instances, these injuries are so severe that they may cause bone fracture or dislocation of joints. In recent years, researchers are focusing on reducing these injuries by using protective gears and protective clothing to cover the torso, head, hands and legs. For rugby uniforms, shoulder pads are integrated to reduce the incidence of shoulder injury during the making or receiving of front-on tackles. Although some shoulder pads such as closed cell foams are commercially available, they are often discarded by the players due to their stiffness and discomfort. Hence, in this research an attempt was made to explore the potential of using flexible textile structures to replace the currently used commercial foam. Three flexible textile structures (A, B and C) were designed in three dimensional (3D) structure using Shima Seiki flatbed machine. Each fabric consisted of 3 layers, 2 external (face and back) and one internal layer. Fabric A consisted of mercerized cotton (space dyed) and Elastane external layers, whereas ballistic nylon internal layer. Fabrics B and C were prepared using Dyneema (untwisted) and Elastane external layers and Dyneema (untwisted) internal layer, but with different structures. These textile structures were analysed for their collision protection using the technique of ‘drop test’. The test was based on principle of energy absorption by the textile structure due to the impact of a hard surface with them. It was assumed that the higher is the energy absorbed by the textile structure, the smaller will be the impact to the wearer. It was found that the 3D structures can provide equivalent amount of impact protection as the commercial foam (Sample D). The flexible structures recover easily with the body movement, and provide a high level of comfort. The methods of drop-test including the results are discussed in this paper. The findings of this study suggested that an equivalent level of protection can be achieved with the use of 3D textile structures and higher amount of comfort for the rugby players. Hence, the 3D textile structures can be used as an alternative material to replace the commercial closed foam currently in use in the shoulder pad to achieve similar protection and improved thermal comfort.</p>
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