Journal articles: 'Knots and links (in high dimensions)'

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Songhafouo Tsopméné, Paul Arnaud, and Victor Turchin. "Rational homology and homotopy of high-dimensional string links." Forum Mathematicum 30, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1209–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2016-0192.

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AbstractArone and the second author showed that when the dimensions are in the stable range, the rational homology and homotopy of the high-dimensional analogues of spaces of long knots can be calculated as the homology of a direct sum of finite graph-complexes that they described explicitly. They also showed that these homology and homotopy groups can be interpreted as the higher-order Hochschild homology, also called Hochschild–Pirashvili homology. In this paper, we generalize all these results to high-dimensional analogues of spaces of string links. The methods of our paper are applicable in the range when the ambient dimension is at least twice the maximal dimension of a link component plus two, which in particular guarantees that the spaces under study are connected. However, we conjecture that our homotopy graph-complex computes the rational homotopy groups of link spaces always when the codimension is greater than two, i.e. always when the Goodwillie–Weiss calculus is applicable. Using Haefliger’s approach to calculate the groups of isotopy classes of higher-dimensional links, we confirm our conjecture at the level of {\pi_{0}}.

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OOGURI, HIROSI. "TOPOLOGICAL LATTICE MODELS IN FOUR DIMENSIONS." Modern Physics Letters A 07, no. 30 (September 28, 1992): 2799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732392004171.

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We define a lattice statistical model on a triangulated manifold in four dimensions associated to a group G. When G= SU (2), the statistical weight is constructed from the 15j-symbol as well as the 6j-symbol for recombination of angular momenta, and the model may be regarded as the four-dimensional version of the Ponzano-Regge model. We show that the partition function of the model is invariant under the Alexander moves of the simplicial complex, thus it depends only on the piecewise linear topology of the manifold. For an orientable manifold, the model is related to the so-called BF model. The q-analog of the model is also constructed, and it is argued that its partition function is invariant under the Alexander moves. It is discussed how to realize the 't Hooft operator in these models associated to a closed surface in four dimensions as well as the Wilson operator associated to a closed loop. Correlation functions of these operators in the q-deformed version of the model would define a new type of invariants of knots and links in four dimensions.

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OGASA, EIJI. "LOCAL MOVE IDENTITIES FOR THE ALEXANDER POLYNOMIALS OF HIGH-DIMENSIONAL KNOTS AND INERTIA GROUPS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 18, no. 04 (April 2009): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216509007014.

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As analogues of the well-known skein relations for the Alexander and the Jones polynomials for classical links, we present three relations that hold among invariants of high dimensional knots differing by "local moves". Two are for the Alexander polynomials and the other is for the Arf-invariants, the inertia group and the bP-subgroup.

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Díaz, Juan Pablo, Gabriela Hinojosa, and Alberto Verjosvky. "Cubulated moves for 2-knots." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 28, no. 01 (January 2019): 1950008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216519500081.

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In this paper, we prove that given two cubical links of dimension two in [Formula: see text], they are isotopic if and only if one can pass from one to the other by a finite sequence of cubulated moves. These moves are analogous to the Reidemeister and Roseman moves for classical tame knots (links) of dimensions one and two, respectively.

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DURUMERIC, OGUZ C. "LOCAL STRUCTURE OF IDEAL KNOTS, II CONSTANT CURVATURE CASE." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 18, no. 11 (November 2009): 1525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216509007609.

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The thickness, NIR (K) of a knot or link K is defined to be the radius of the largest open solid tube one can put around the curve without any self intersections of the normal discs, which is also known as the normal injectivity radius of K. For C1,1 curves K, [Formula: see text], where κ(K) is the generalized curvature, and the double critical self distance DCSD (K) is the shortest length of the segments perpendicular to K at both end points. The knots and links in ideal shapes (or tight knots or links) belong to the minima of ropelength = length/thickness within a fixed isotopy class. In this article, we prove that NIR (K) = ½ DCSC (K), for every relative minimum K of ropelength in Rn for certain dimensions n, including n = 3.

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KEARTON, C., and S. M. J. WILSON. "SIMPLE NON-FINITE KNOTS ARE NOT PRIME IN HIGHER DIMENSIONS." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 12, no. 02 (March 2003): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216503002408.

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It has long been known that in high dimensions tbere are examples of irreducible knots which are not prime. Here we show that in fact there are no prime simple knots in high dimensions, with the possible exception of those whose homology is finite. In particular, the result holds for all simple (2q - 1)-knots, q > 1.

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Bloch, W. L. "Extending flows from isolated invariant sets." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 15, no. 6 (December 1995): 1031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385700009779.

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AbstractLet M be a closed n-dimensional manifold, and let U be a n-dimensional isolating block such that U is smoothly embedded in M. Let φ be a smooth semi-flow on U and let Λ contained in U, be isolated and invariant under φ Then there exists a semi-flow φ′ on M which extends φ such that φ′ is Morse-Smale outside of U, and no new recurrence is introduced in U. The theorem is true for any finite number of pairwise-disjoint Ui. Furthermore, if Λ is hyperbolic, topologically transitive and is the closure of periodic orbits, then φ′ is an Axiom A flow and is Ω-stable. In dimensions two and three, we have the stronger result that φ′ is structurally stable. Also, as a corollary, we give sufficient conditions for the flow φ′ to be nonsingular. One application of the corollary permits the formation of allowable knots and links in three-manifolds such that there exists a structurally stable nonsingular Morse-Smale flow φ′ which contains the specified knots and links in Ω(φ′) Moreover, the knots and links can be specified to be any combination of attractors, repellers or saddles.

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RAMADEVI, P., T. R. GOVINDARAJAN, and R. K. KAUL. "REPRESENTATIONS OF COMPOSITE BRAIDS AND INVARIANTS FOR MUTANT KNOTS AND LINKS IN CHERN-SIMONS FIELD THEORIES." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 22 (July 20, 1995): 1635–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395001769.

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We show that any of the new knot invariants obtained from Chern-Simons theory based on an arbitrary non-Abelian gauge group do not distinguish isotopically inequivalent mutant knots and links. In an attempt to distinguish these knots and links, we study Murakami (symmetrized version) r-strand composite braids. Salient features of the theory of such composite braids are presented. Representations of generators for these braids are obtained by exploiting properties of Hilbert spaces associated with the correlators of Wess-Zumino conformal field theories. The r-composite invariants for the knots are given by the sum of elementary Chern-Simons invariants associated with the irreducible representations in the product of r representations (allowed by the fusion rules of the corresponding Wess-Zumino conformal field theory) placed on r individual strands of the composite braid. On the other hand, composite invariants for links are given by a weighted sum of elementary multicolored Chern-Simons invariants. Some mutant links can be distinguished through the composite invariants, but mutant knots do not share this property. The results, though developed in detail within the framework of SU(2) Chern-Simons theory are valid for any other non-Abelian gauge groups.

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Galakhov, D., D. Melnikov, A. Mironov, A. Morozov, and A. Sleptsov. "Colored knot polynomials for arbitrary pretzel knots and links." Physics Letters B 743 (April 2015): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2015.02.029.

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Ferrari, Franco, Jarosław Paturej, Marcin Pia̧tek, and Yani Zhao. "Knots, links, anyons and statistical mechanics of entangled polymer rings." Nuclear Physics B 945 (August 2019): 114673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.114673.

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Kholodenko, Arkady. "Black magic session of concordance: Regge mass spectrum from Casson’s invariant." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 33 (November 26, 2015): 1550189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501894.

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Recently, there had been a great deal of interest in obtaining and describing all kinds of knots in links in hydrodynamics, electrodynamics, non-Abelian gauge field theories and gravity. Although knots and links are observables of the Chern–Simons (CS) functional, the dynamical conditions for their generation lie outside the scope of the CS theory. The nontriviality of dynamical generation of knotted structures is caused by the fact that the complements of all knots/links, say, in S3are 3-manifolds which have positive, negative or zero curvature. The ability to curve the ambient space is thus far attributed to masses. The mass theorem of general relativity requires the ambient 3-manifolds to be of nonnegative curvature. Recently, we established that, in the absence of boundaries, complements of dynamically generated knots/links are represented by 3-manifolds of nonnegative curvature. This fact opens the possibility to discuss masses in terms of dynamically generated knotted/linked structures. The key tool is the notion of knot/link concordance. The concept of concordance is a specialization of the concept of cobordism to knots and links. The logic of implementation of the concordance concept to physical masses results in new interpretation of Casson’s surgery formula in terms of the Regge trajectories. The latest thoroughly examined Chew–Frautschi (CF) plots associated with these trajectories demonstrate that the hadron mass spectrum for both mesons and baryons is nicely described by the data on the corresponding CF plots. The physics behind Casson’s surgery formula is similar but not identical to that described purely phenomenologically by Keith Moffatt in 1990. The developed topological treatment is fully consistent with available rigorous mathematical and experimentally observed results related to physics of hadrons.

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Geer, Nathan, Bertrand Patureau-Mirand, and Vladimir Turaev. "Modified quantum dimensions and re-normalized link invariants." Compositio Mathematica 145, no. 1 (January 2009): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0010437x08003795.

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AbstractIn this paper we give a re-normalization of the Reshetikhin–Turaev quantum invariants of links, using modified quantum dimensions. In the case of simple Lie algebras these modified quantum dimensions are proportional to the usual quantum dimensions. More interestingly, we give two examples where the usual quantum dimensions vanish but the modified quantum dimensions are non-zero and lead to non-trivial link invariants. The first of these examples is a class of invariants arising from Lie superalgebras previously defined by the first two authors. These link invariants are multivariable and generalize the multivariable Alexander polynomial. The second example is a hierarchy of link invariants arising from nilpotent representations of quantized$\mathfrak {sl}(2)$at a root of unity. These invariants contain Kashaev’s quantum dilogarithm invariants of knots.

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Maíz-Apellániz, Jesús, José Miguel Mas-Hesse, and Enrique Pérez. "Study of the Wolf-Rayet population in NGC 604 using bi-dimensional spectroscopy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 193 (1999): 489–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900206128.

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We study the properties of the young population of NGC 604 and find evidences for 1–2 Myr differences between different regions. Four of the eleven WR stars in NGC 604 are found to have wide Hα emission lines. None of the WR stars is located within knots of high density, high excitation gas, as opposed to some of the O-type stars.

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COLLINS, PIETER. "UNIVERSAL TRELLISES." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 16, no. 04 (April 2007): 471–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216507005361.

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A flow in three-dimensions is universal if the periodic orbits contains all knots and links. Universal flows were shown to exist by Ghrist, and can be constructed by means of templates. Likewise, a planar diffeomorphism is universal if it has a suspension flow which is a universal flow. In this paper we prove the existence of a homoclinic trellis type for which any representative diffeomorphism is universal. This trellis type is remarkable in that it has zero entropy, and only two homoclinic intersection points.

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LABASTIDA, J. M. F., and M. MARIÑO. "THE HOMFLY POLYNOMIAL FOR TORUS LINKS FROM CHERN–SIMONS GAUGE THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, no. 07 (March 20, 1995): 1045–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95000516.

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Polynomial invariants corresponding to the fundamental representation of the gauge group SU(N) are computed for arbitrary torus knots and links in the framework of Chern–Simons gauge theory making use of knot operators. As a result, a formula for the HOMFLY polynomial for arbitrary torus links is presented.

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GOVINDARAJAN, T. R. "KNOT SOLITONS." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 39 (December 21, 1998): 3179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398003387.

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The existence of ring-like and knotted solitons in O(3) nonlinear σ-model is analyzed. The role of isotopy of knots/links in classifying such solitons is pointed out. Appearance of torus knot solitons is seen.

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Bush, J., P. Commins, T. Gomez, and J. McLoud-Mann. "Hexagonal mosaic links generated by saturation." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 29, no. 12 (October 2020): 2050085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216520500856.

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Square mosaic knots have many applications in algebra, such as modeling quantum states. In this paper, we extend mosaic knot theory to a theory of hexagonal mosaic links, which are links embedded in a plane tiling of regular hexagons. We investigate hexagonal mosaic links created from particular patches of hextiles with a high number of crossings, which we describe as saturated diagrams. Considering patches of varying size and shape, we compute the number of link components that are produced in these saturated diagrams and for special families we identify the knot types of the components. Finally, we discuss open questions relating to saturated diagrams.

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CHU, KARENE. "CLASSIFICATION OF FLAT VIRTUAL PURE TANGLES." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 22, no. 04 (April 2013): 1340006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216513400063.

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Virtual knot theory, introduced by Kauffman [Virtual Knot theory, European J. Combin.20 (1999) 663–690, arXiv:math.GT/9811028], is a generalization of classical knot theory of interest because its finite-type invariant theory is potentially a topological interpretation [D. Bar-Natan, u, v, w-knots: Topology, Combinatorics and low and high algebra] of Etingof and Kazhdan's theory of quantization of Lie bi-algebras [Quantization of Lie Bialgebras, I, Selecta Math. (N.S.) 2 (1996) 1–41, arXiv:q-alg/9506005]. Classical knots inject into virtual knots [G. Kuperberg, What is Virtual Link? Algebr. Geom. Topol.3 (2003) 587–591, arXiv:math.GT/0208039], and flat virtual knots [V. O. Manturov, On free knots, preprint (2009), arXiv:0901.2214; On free knots and links, preprint (2009), arXiv:0902.0127] is the quotient of virtual knots which equates the real positive and negative crossings, and in this sense is complementary to classical knot theory within virtual knot theory. We completely classify flat virtual tangles with no closed components (pure tangles). This classification can be used as an invariant on virtual pure tangles and virtual braids.

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BUNIY, ROMAN V., and THOMAS W. KEPHART. "GLUEBALLS AND THE UNIVERSAL ENERGY SPECTRUM OF TIGHT KNOTS AND LINKS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 06 (March 10, 2005): 1252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024146.

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WERESZCZYŃSKI, A. "KNOTS, BRAIDS AND HEDGEHOGS FROM THE EIKONAL EQUATION." Modern Physics Letters A 20, no. 15 (May 20, 2005): 1135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732305017330.

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The complex eikonal equation in the three space dimensions is considered. We show that apart from the recently found torus knots, this equation can also generate other topological configurations with a nontrivial value of the π2(S2) index: braided open strings as well as hedgehogs. In particular, cylindric strings, i.e. string solutions located on a cylinder with a constant radius are found. Moreover, solutions describing strings lying on an arbitrary surface topologically equivalent to cylinder are presented. We discuss them in the context of the eikonal knots. The physical importance of the results originates in the fact that the eikonal knots have been recently used to approximate the Faddeev–Niemi hopfions.

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CONANT, J. "ON A THEOREM OF GOUSSAROV." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 12, no. 01 (February 2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216503002299.

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In this paper, the easier methods of my thesis are applied to give a simple proof of a theorem of Goussarov. This theorem relates two possible notions of finite type equivalence of knots, links, or string links, showing that the resulting filtrations are the same up to a degree shift by a factor of two. This is then applied to the situation of rooted claspers to show that rooted clasper surgeries of sufficiently high degree must preserve type k invariants. As a consequence, grope cobordisms of sufficiently high class must preserve type k invariants. This result is applied in [CT] to show Theorem 2 of that paper.

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Mironov, A., A. Morozov, An Morozov, and A. Sleptsov. "Colored knot polynomials: HOMFLY in representation [2, 1]." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 26 (September 18, 2015): 1550169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15501699.

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This paper starts a systematic description of colored knot polynomials, beginning from the first non-(anti)symmetric representation [Formula: see text]. The project involves several steps: (i) parametrization of big families of knots á la [A. Mironov and A. Morozov, arXiv:1506.00339], (ii) evaluating Racah/mixing matrices for various numbers of strands in various representations á la [A. Mironov, A. Morozov and An. Morozov, J. High Energy Phys. 03, 034 (2012), arXiv:1112.2654], (iii) tabulating and collecting the results at http://www.knotebook.org . In this paper, we discuss only the representation [Formula: see text] and construct all necessary ingredients that allow one to evaluate knot/links represented by three-strand closed parallel braids with inserted double-fat fingers. In particular, it is used to evaluate knots from a 7-parametric family. This family contains over 80% of knots with up to 10 intersections, but does not include mutants.

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ENNES, I. P., A. V. RAMALLO, J. M. SANCHEZ DE SANTOS, and P. RAMADEVI. "DUALITY IN osp(1|2) CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY AND LINK INVARIANTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 13, no. 17 (July 10, 1998): 2931–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x98001487.

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We study the crossing symmetry of the conformal blocks of the conformal field theory based on the affine Lie superalgebra osp(1|2). Within the framework of a free field realization of the osp(1|2) current algebra, the fusion and braiding matrices of the model are determined. These results are related in a simple way to those corresponding to the su(2) algebra by means of a suitable identification of parameters. In order to obtain the link invariants corresponding to the osp(1|2) conformal field theory, we analyze the corresponding topological Chern–Simons theory. In a first approach we quantize the Chern–Simons theory on the torus and, as a result, we get the action of the Wilson line operators on the supercharacters of the affine osp(1|2). From this result we get a simple expression relating the osp(1|2) polynomials for torus knots and links to those corresponding to the su(2) algebra. Further, this relation is verified for arbitrary knots and links by quantizing the Chern–Simons theory on the punctured two-sphere.

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Moore, Susan M., and Doreen A. Rosenthal. "Venturesomeness, Impulsiveness, and Risky Behavior among Older Adolescents." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 1 (February 1993): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.1.98.

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WU, YONG-SHI, and KENGO YAMAGISHI. "CHERN-SIMONS THEORY AND KAUFFMAN POLYNOMIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 06 (March 20, 1990): 1165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000556.

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We report on a study of the expectation values of Wilson loops in D=3 Chern-Simons theory. The general skein relations (of higher orders) are derived for these expectation values. We show that the skein relations for the Wilson loops carrying the fundamental representations of the simple Lie algebras SO(n) and Sp(n) are sufficient to determine invariants for all knots and links and that the resulting link invariants agree with Kauffman polynomials. The polynomial for an unknotted circle is identified to the formal characters of the fundamental representations of these Lie algebras.

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SREEDHAR, V. V. "ON THE TOPOLOGICAL ORIGIN OF ENTANGLEMENT IN ISING SPIN GLASSES." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 03 (January 30, 2007): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307022542.

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The origin of entanglement in a class of three-dimensional spin models, at low momenta, is traced to topological reasons. The establishment of the result is facilitated by the gauge principle which, in conjunction with the duality mapping of the spin models, enables us to recast them as lattice Chern–Simons theories. The entanglement measures are expressed in terms of the correlators of Wilson lines, loops, and their generalisations. For continuous spins, these yield the invariants of knots and links. For Ising-like models, they can be expressed in terms of three-manifold invariants obtained from finite group cohomology — the so-called Dijkgraaf–Witten invariants.

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Zou, Qing, and Mathews Jacob. "Recovery of Surfaces and Functions in High Dimensions: Sampling Theory and Links to Neural Networks." SIAM Journal on Imaging Sciences 14, no. 2 (January 2021): 580–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/20m1340654.

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Townsend, G., L. Richards, and T. Hughes. "Molar Intercuspal Dimensions: Genetic Input to Phenotypic Variation." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 5 (May 2003): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200505.

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Molecular studies indicate that epigenetic events are important in determining how the internal enamel epithelium folds during odontogenesis. Since this process of folding leads to the subsequent arrangement of cusps on molar teeth, we hypothesized that intercuspal distances of human molar teeth would display greater phenotypic variation but lower heritabilities than overall crown diameters. Intercuspal distances and maximum crown diameters were recorded from digitized images of dental casts in 100 monozygotic and 74 dizygotic twin pairs. Intercuspal distances displayed less sexual dimorphism in mean values but greater relative variability and fluctuating asymmetry than overall crown measures. Correlations between intercuspal distances and overall crown measures were low. Models incorporating only environmental effects accounted for observed variation in several intercuspal measures. For those intercuspal variables displaying significant additive genetic variance, estimates of heritability ranged from 43 to 79%, whereas those for overall crown size were higher generally, ranging from 60 to 82%. Our finding of high phenotypic variation in intercuspal distances with only moderate genetic contribution is consistent with substantial epigenetic influence on the progressive folding of the internal enamel epithelium, following formation of the primary and secondary enamel knots.

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Kennedy, Stephen D., and Stanley B. Baker. "School Counseling Websites: Do They Have Content that Serves Diverse Students?" Professional School Counseling 18, no. 1 (September 2014): 2156759X0001800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0001800110.

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The 12 diversity dimensions of the ASCA Ethical Standards (ASCA, 2010) provided a framework for examining whether a statewide sample of high school counseling websites (N = 312) had content for diverse students and their families. Many websites offered little content related to those dimensions, and content was especially low for some groups including LGBT students and immigrant students. Findings indicate a need for school counseling websites to have nondiscrimination statements, text/documents, links, and financial aid information for diverse populations.

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Muñoz-Antón, Javier, Adela Marian, Frédéric Lesur, and Christian-Eric Bruzek. "Dichotomic Decision Optimization for the Design of HVDC Superconducting Links." Entropy 22, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121413.

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Superconducting links are an innovative solution for bulk power transmission, distinguished by their compact dimensions, high efficiency and small environmental footprint. As with any new technology field, there is a large amount of design possibilities for such links, each of them having a profound impact on the system configuration. For instance, changing the material can imply a change in the working temperature from 20 to 70 K and has consequences on the maximum link length. This article presents the dichotomic decision possibilities for the optimized design of a high-power superconducting link, focusing on some of the key components of the cable system. The complex design optimization process is exemplified using the European project Best Paths, in which the first 3-gigawatt-class superconducting cable system was designed, optimized, manufactured, and successfully tested.

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Curlee, Alexandria S., Leona S. Aiken, and Suniya S. Luthar. "Middle school peer reputation in high-achieving schools: Ramifications for maladjustment versus competence by age 18." Development and Psychopathology 31, no. 02 (July 24, 2018): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000275.

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AbstractIn an upper-middle class setting, we explored associations between students’ peer reputation in Grades 6 and 7 with adjustment at Grade 12. With a sample of 209 students, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of peer reputation dimensions supported a 4-factor model (i.e., popular, prosocial, aggressive, isolated). Structural equation models were used to examine prospective links between middle school peer reputation and diverse Grade 12 adjustment indices, including academic achievement (Scholastic Aptitude Test scores and grade point average), internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana. Prosocial reputation was connected to higher academic achievement levels and fewer externalizing symptoms. Both prosocial and isolated reputations were negatively associated with dimensions of substance use, whereas popularity was positively associated. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.

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Madsen, Borg. "Length effects in 38 mm spruce–pine–fir dimension lumber." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (April 1, 1990): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-028.

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This paper deals with some of the problems arising when the strength of a structural member varies along its length such as occurs in timber members where knots and other natural growth characteristics create cross sections with varying strengths along the length of the member. Failure may then take place wherever a weak cross section happens to be subjected to high stresses. A different concept of strength must be introduced into the design codes in order to reflect the probability of such an occurrence. Strength becomes a function of length, depth, and load configuration, all of which must be considered in the design process if both economical and safe structures are to emerge. In this paper, which was directed toward establishing the length effects for 38 mm thick spruce–pine–fir in tension and compression as well as bending, the results of a testing program are described. It was, for instance, found that when the length of tension members is doubled from 3.0 to 6.0 m, the strength reduces to 86% of the previous strength, or if the length is quadrupled (as may occur in the bottom chords of trusses), the strength could reduce to 73% of the original strength. A review of the available research information is presented and evaluated in order to assess the adequacy of the available size effect information for design purposes. The present size effect requirements incorporated in some existing timber codes are also reviewed. Key words: timber, strength, size effects, length effect, weakest link theory, design method, load configuration, bending, compression, tension.

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Benkert, Tim, Andreas Krinner, Thomas Thümmel, and Wolfram Volk. "Designing a High-Speed Press with a Six-Bar Linkage Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 794 (October 2015): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.794.411.

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This paper describes the design process of a high-speed cutting press with a linkage mechanism in its drive train. The whole process is carried out for a virtual prototype. The kinematic and dynamic properties of the six-bar linkage mechanism are optimised regarding boundary conditions coming from the production process and kinematic requirements. Using a rigid body model, the geometric dimensions and inertia parameters of the links of the mechanism can be determined. A finite-element (FE) model is build up to check the parts’ durability during work load. A verification of main results is realised on an experimental prototype made from rapid prototyping material.

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Hyde, Luke W., Daniel S. Shaw, Frances Gardner, Jeewon Cheong, Thomas J. Dishion, and Melvin Wilson. "Dimensions of callousness in early childhood: Links to problem behavior and family intervention effectiveness." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001101.

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AbstractThis study examined dimensions of callous behaviors in early childhood and the role of these behaviors in the development of conduct problems, as well as responsiveness to a family-centered preventative intervention. Caregiver reports of callous behaviors were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Problem behavior was examined using within- and cross-informant reports of these behaviors. Parenting was measured using observational methods within the context of a randomized control trial of the Family Check-Up with a sample of 731 ethnically diverse boys and girls (followed from ages 2 to 4) at high risk for later conduct problems. Results demonstrated that a measure of deceitful–callous (DC) behaviors had acceptable factor loadings and internal consistency at ages 3 and 4. DC behaviors at age 3 predicted problem behavior concurrently and longitudinally within and across informant. However, DC behaviors did not reduce the effectiveness of the family preventative intervention. These findings have implications for our understanding of behaviors that may precede later callous–unemotional traits and for our understanding of the development and prevention of early starting conduct problems.

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Брылкин and Yuriy Brylkin. "Surface Simulation Algorithm Streamlining by the Brownian Motion Method on the Criterion of Iterations Number Minimizing." Geometry & Graphics 5, no. 1 (April 17, 2017): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25123.

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The paper has been devoted to construction of geometric model for real surface’s compartment at micro- and nanoscales with known fractal dimension. Receiving data on the real surface’s fractal dimension has been considered in [8; 9; 11; 13; 20]. Fractal dimension as a relief development measure has been accepted for the necessary and sufficient condition of the model construction. As is known, for a flying vehicle’s appearance the comprehensive characteristics research is performed with ground work in aerodynamic tubes, and numerical simulation. Similarly, a fragment of product’s heat protection is tested in high-enthalpy facilities for research of physico-chemical processes in the boundary layer, as well as for confirmation of calculations of interactions between rarefied gas’s particles and the surface. In this work has been performed the analysis of geometrical interpretations of algorithms for the fractal surfaces formation based on the Brownian motion method, proposed to use in calculations by Monte Carlo and Navier-Stokes methods. A point choice leading to construction of secant or tangent planes to space forms has been assigned as an element of randomness per iteration. All proposed algorithms lead to construction of surfaces with fractal dimension D ≈ 2.5, but by different iterations number. A tendency to reduce the iterations number required to achieve a specific fractal dimension by increasing the capacity of many lines for plane compartment digitalization has been revealed. The best result has been obtained by construction of projections for section of surface called a torus knot [19, 22]. Visualization was carried out in ASCON Kompas 3Dv.14 program on algorithms results in MathCAD environment.

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HOPPE, JENS. "INFINITE DIMENSIONAL ALGEBRAS AND 2+1 DIMENSIONAL FIELD THEORY: YET ANOTHER VIEW OF gl(∞) SOME NEW ALGEBRAS." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 02, no. 02 (January 1990): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x90000089.

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Over the past years, associative algebras have come to play a major role in several areas of theoretical physics. Firstly, it has been realized that Yang Baxter algebras [1] constitute the relevant structure underlying 1+1 dimensional integrable models; in addition, their relation to braid groups, the theory of knots and links, and the exchange algebras of 1+1 dimensional conformal field theories [2] has been quite well understood by now. Secondly, deformations of Poisson structures that appeared in 2+1 dimensional field theories as infinite dimensional symmetry algebras possess underlying associative structures, which have also been studied in some detail (concerning higher spin theories see, e.g., [3, 4] and references therein, concerning the enveloping algebra of sl(2, C) see, e.g., [5], concerning deformations of diff AT2 — the Lie algebra of infinitesimal area preserving diffeomorphisms of the Torus — see [6, 7, 8, 9]). Ideas on how both investigations could eventually converge (i.e., a relation between 2+1 and 1+1 dimensions) have, e.g., been expressed in [10]. As indicated by the two subtitles there will be two parts to my paper: the first one presents a view on something I met long ago [11], and recently got interested in again [5, 7, 9, 12], while the second part introduces some algebraic structures that seem to be interesting, and possibly new.

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Grønbæk, Christian, Thomas Hamelryck, and Peter Røgen. "GISA: using Gauss Integrals to identify rare conformations in protein structures." PeerJ 8 (June 11, 2020): e9159. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9159.

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The native structure of a protein is important for its function, and therefore methods for exploring protein structures have attracted much research. However, rather few methods are sensitive to topologic-geometric features, the examples being knots, slipknots, lassos, links, and pokes, and with each method aimed only for a specific set of such configurations. We here propose a general method which transforms a structure into a ”fingerprint of topological-geometric values” consisting in a series of real-valued descriptors from mathematical Knot Theory. The extent to which a structure contains unusual configurations can then be judged from this fingerprint. The method is not confined to a particular pre-defined topology or geometry (like a knot or a poke), and so, unlike existing methods, it is general. To achieve this our new algorithm, GISA, as a key novelty produces the descriptors, so called Gauss integrals, not only for the full chains of a protein but for all its sub-chains. This allows fingerprinting on any scale from local to global. The Gauss integrals are known to be effective descriptors of global protein folds. Applying GISA to sets of several thousand high resolution structures, we first show how the most basic Gauss integral, the writhe, enables swift identification of pre-defined geometries such as pokes and links. We then apply GISA with no restrictions on geometry, to show how it allows identifying rare conformations by finding rare invariant values only. In this unrestricted search, pokes and links are still found, but also knotted conformations, as well as more highly entangled configurations not previously described. Thus, an application of the basic scan method in GISA’s tool-box revealed 10 known cases of knots as the top positive writhe cases, while placing at the top of the negative writhe 14 cases in cis-trans isomerases sharing a spatial motif of little secondary structure content, which possibly has gone unnoticed. Possible general applications of GISA are fold classification and structural alignment based on local Gauss integrals. Others include finding errors in protein models and identifying unusual conformations that might be important for protein folding and function. By its broad potential, we believe that GISA will be of general benefit to the structural bioinformatics community. GISA is coded in C and comes as a command line tool. Source and compiled code for GISA plus read-me and examples are publicly available at GitHub (https://github.com).

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GE, MO-LIN, LU-YU WANG, KANG XUE, and YONG-SHI WU. "AKUTZU-WADATI LINK POLYNOMIALS FROM FEYNMAN-KAUFFMAN DIAGRAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 13 (August 10, 1989): 3351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89001370.

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By employing techniques familiar to particle physicists, we develop Kauffman’s state model for the Jones polynomial, which uses diagrams looking like Feynman diagrams for scattering, into a systematic, diagrammatic approach to new link polynomials. We systematize the ansatz for S matrix by symmetry considerations and find a natural interpretation for CPT symmetry in the context of knot theory. The invariance under Reidemeister moves of type III, II and I can be imposed diagrammatically step by step, and one obtains successively braid group representations, regular isotopy and ambient isotopy invariants from Kauffman’s bracket polynomials. This procedure is explicitiy carried out for the N=3 and 4 cases. N being the number of particle labels (or charges). With appropriate symmetry ansatz and with annihilation and creation included in the S matrix, we have obtained link polynomials which generalize the definition of the Akutzu-Wadati polynomials from closed braids to any oriented knots or links with explicit invariance under Reidemeister moves.

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Rossberg, Axel G., Åke Brännström, and Ulf Dieckmann. "Food-web structure in low- and high-dimensional trophic niche spaces." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 53 (May 12, 2010): 1735–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0111.

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A question central to modelling and, ultimately, managing food webs concerns the dimensionality of trophic niche space, that is, the number of independent traits relevant for determining consumer–resource links. Food-web topologies can often be interpreted by assuming resource traits to be specified by points along a line and each consumer's diet to be given by resources contained in an interval on this line. This phenomenon, called intervality, has been known for 30 years and is widely acknowledged to indicate that trophic niche space is close to one-dimensional. We show that the degrees of intervality observed in nature can be reproduced in arbitrary-dimensional trophic niche spaces, provided that the processes of evolutionary diversification and adaptation are taken into account. Contrary to expectations, intervality is least pronounced at intermediate dimensions and steadily improves towards lower- and higher-dimensional trophic niche spaces.

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Sakhno, Volodymyr, Volodymyr Poliakov, Dmytro Yaschenko, Oleksii Korpach, and Denis Popelysh. "ON THE QUESTION OF BRAKING ARTICULATED BUSES." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (266) ’ 2021 (June 20, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2021-2-10-18.

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The safe movement of a car and a road train is largely determined by its braking properties. The nature of the movement of the road train is fundamentally different from the movement of a single car. The difference can be explained by the presence of additional forces arising in the articulation of the links of the vehicle, as well as forces and moments acting on its individual links and the movement of the vehicle as a whole. Their effect is especially noticeable when braking a road train, which may be accompanied by folding links and loss of stability of the vehicle. As a result of the study, the optimal values of the brake force distribution coefficients for a fully loaded articulated bus are obtained, which provide both high braking efficiency and the stability of the articulated bus (AВ) during braking. The coefficients are determined taking into account the design features of the brake mechanisms and their geometric dimensions, providing the required braking performance. For the selected values of the braking force distribution coefficients along the axes of the AВ and the coefficients that take into account the design features of the braking mechanisms and their geometric dimensions, the braking distance during braking by the main or working braking system and the spare one satisfy the requirements of regulatory documents. With the selected asynchronous response of the brake drives of the bus and trailer, the steady deceleration of the АВ is slightly less than the standard.

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Sivakumar, K. "National culture and inter-tier price competition." Journal of Product & Brand Management 23, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-08-2013-0374.

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Purpose – This research aims to examine the role of national culture dimensions in the nature of tier competition between high-tier brands and low-tier brands. Design/methodology/approach – It starts with a conceptual framework based on prospect theory to explain the asymmetric inter-tier competition. It then describes how the national culture dimensions influence the implications of prospect theory and as a result, the nature of inter-tier competition. The paper uses Hofstede's framework to operationalize national culture and derives a number of research propositions that explicate the role of national culture in inter-tier price competition. Findings – The study finds that the extent of asymmetry favouring high-tier brands over low-tier brands depends on the national culture dimensions. Whereas high levels of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity increase the asymmetry favouring high-tier brands, higher long-term orientation decreases asymmetric price competition favouring high-tier brands. Practical implications – The findings offer important guidelines for understanding the nature of inter-tier price competition as a function of national culture. Originality/value – This is the first study to extend inter-tier price competition in the global setting and also the first study that links national culture with prospect theory to examine the boundary conditions of inter-tier price competition.

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Devlin, Shannon P., Jake R. Flynn, and Sara L. Riggs. "Connecting the Big Five Taxonomies: Understanding how Individual Traits Contribute to Team Adaptability under Workload Transitions." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621027.

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Dynamic and data-rich domains, like those found in the military, rely heavily on teamwork for their operations. Previous work has attempted to understand how the personality of individuals contributes to overall team performance, but specific links between individual traits and team dimensions are needed. This study aims to link the dimensions from the original Big Five Trait Taxonomy to the Big Five in teamwork. Specifically, the focus was identifying which dimensions in the Big Five Trait Taxonomy influenced the Big Five in teamwork’s core component of adaptability. Ten pairs of participants completed a simulated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle control task. The best and worst performing pairs were identified and further analyzed to assess how pairs enabled adaptability when workload transitioned. The findings showed the best performing pairs enabled team adaptability effectively and had high levels of extraversion, lower levels of diversity across all dimensions, and adopted collaborative strategies to complete all the tasks. These findings suggest operational standards, technology, and training programs should be developed to foster these personality traits and collaborative-base strategies.

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Miller, Kathleen E., Merrill J. Melnick, Grace M. Barnes, Michael P. Farrell, and Don Sabo. "Untangling the Links among Athletic Involvement, Gender, Race, and Adolescent Academic Outcomes." Sociology of Sport Journal 22, no. 2 (June 2005): 178–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.22.2.178.

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Although previous research has established that high school sports participation might be associated with positive academic outcomes, the parameters of the relationship remain unclear. Using a longitudinal sample of nearly 600 western New York adolescents, this study examined gender- and race-specific differences on the impact of two dimensions of adolescent athletic involvement (“jock” identity and athlete status) on changes in school grades and school misconduct over a 2-year interval. Female and Black adolescents who identified themselves as jocks reported lower grades than did those who did not, whereas female athletes reported higher grades than female nonathletes. Jocks also reported significantly more misconduct (including skipping school, cutting classes, having someone from home called to the school for disciplinary purposes, and being sent to the principal’s office) than did nonjocks. Gender moderated the relationship between athlete status and school misconduct; athletic participation had a less salutary effect on misconduct for girls than for boys.

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Rogala, Maciej Bartłomiej, and Ewa Donesch-Jeżo. "Various dimensions of trust in the health care system." Emergency Medical Service 7, no. 4 (2020): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/emems202004109.

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Trust is one of the most important factors in building effective and long-lasting relationships in the entire healthcare sector. Trust becomes a valuable ally in situations of high risk and uncertainty as well as the increasing complexity of tasks that accompany the daily work of all medical professionals, especially paramedics, due to the nature of their work in the medical rescue system. Mutual trust is the basis of social capital thanks to which it is possible to achieve mutual benefits, easier to coordinate activities, create new quality and solutions through cooperation or strong ties. It is a kind of glue that binds various organizational and system links, thanks to which it is easier to plan and introduce necessary improvements and changes within individual medical units or the entire health care system. The high degree of trust increases the quality of clinical communication with the patient and the effectiveness of medical care and strengthens the employees’ motivation and willingness to cooperate. Creating social capital based on trust is in the interest of all internal and external stakeholders of the entire health care system, thanks to which joint, cross-sectoral projects for health in the public dimension are possible. The aim of the article was, on the one hand, to systematize the theoretical and practical knowledge related to the multidimensionality of trust in the health care system, but on the other, to identify and analyse the factors building trust that should be discussed and, above all, applied in everyday professional practice and social space of all employees of the health care system. with particular emphasis on paramedics.

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Giannouli, Vaitsa, and Stanislava Stoyanova. "Are there any links among psychopathological symptoms, musical preferences and verbal working memory in female adults?" Acta Neuropsychologica 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.6502.

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The question ‘Do psychopathology dimensions correlate with musical preferences in healthy individuals?’ still remains poorly investigated. Additionally, verbal working memory, psychopathology and music preferences have not been examined together. Participants consisted of ninety-three young women without a previous or current psychiatric diagnosis. All participants were examined with the Forward Digit Span Task, and completed a psychopathology symptom instrument along with a musical preferences question. Results revealed that the Global Score Index, Somatization, Hostility and Depression correlated in a statistically significant way with musical preferences in female adults. Hostility and Depression predicted classical music preferences. Depression, Obsessive/Compulsive, Somatization and Hostility predicted a pop preference, while Somatization and Psychoticism predicted a rock preference. No significant correlations were found between the above variables and verbal working memory, except for a significant correlation between age and the span of the working memory. Certain psychopathology dimensions do not influence cognition in the form of the verbal working memory in women, but can predict a specific choice of music genres. Findings suggest that music listening preferences may represent a field of inner experiences that could reveal easy-to-obtain information about the mental health of women who have not an official psychiatric diagnosis, but may be at risk of developing psychological problems due to high self-reported symptoms of psychopathology.

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de-la-Cruz-Moreno, J., H. García-Compeán, and E. López-González. "Vassiliev invariants for flows via Chern–Simons perturbation theory." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 15 (May 25, 2021): 2150089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500895.

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The perturbative expansion of Chern–Simons gauge theory leads to invariants of knots and links, the so-called finite type invariants or Vassiliev invariants. It has been proved that at any order in perturbation theory the superposition of certain amplitudes is an invariant of that order. Bott–Taubes integrals on configuration spaces are introduced in the present context to write Feynman diagrams at a given order in perturbation theory in a geometrical and topological framework. One of the consequences of this formalism is that the resulting amplitudes are rewritten in cohomological terms in configuration spaces. This cohomological structure can be used to translate Bott–Taubes integrals into Chern–Simons perturbative amplitudes and vice versa. In this paper, this program is performed up to third order in the coupling constant. This expands some work previously worked out by Thurston. Finally we take advantage of these results to incorporate in the formalism a smooth and divergenceless vector field on the [Formula: see text]-manifold. The Bott–Taubes integrals obtained are used for constructing higher-order average asymptotic Vassiliev invariants extending the work of Komendarczyk and Volić.

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Blumberg, Herbert H., Ruth Zeligman, Liat Appel, and Shira Tibon-Czopp. "Personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-05-2016-0231.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between major personality dimensions and attitudes towards peace and war. Design/methodology/approach Three samples – two consisting of British psychology students (n=64 and 121) and one of Israeli students (n=80), responded to measures of some or all of: five-factor inventory, SYMLOG trait form, general survey including authoritarianism; attitudes towards peace and war; specific attitudes towards peace and war policy. Findings The general attitude measures were associated with the specific attitudes. Both were associated with authoritarianism but not consistently with other personality dimensions. Research limitations/implications Descriptive findings might not generalize and need contextualization. Authoritarianism should be measured in any studies of attitudes related to peace, war, conflict, and structural violence. Practical implications Practitioners of peace education may first need to address high authoritarianism and low integrative complexity. Also, countering structural violence related, for instance, to poverty or prejudice/discrimination may require a comprehensive approach including collaborative work with clinical psychologists applying both implicit and explicit assessment tools. Originality/value Documenting links (and lack of them) among personality variables and attitudes towards peace and war has practical and theoretical value – and may contribute to organizational schemes shaped by personality structure and bearing implications for negotiations. In terms of a paradigm by Morton Deutsch, our results show individual differences in, and associations among, variables relating to the remediable likelihood of parties being differentially likely to find themselves in negatively vs. positively interdependent situations; and carrying out effective instead of “bungling” actions.

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Askari, M., M. H. Komarizade, A. M. Nikbakht, N. Nobakht, and R. F. Teimourlou. "A novel three-point hitch dynamometer to measure the draft requirement of mounted implements." Research in Agricultural Engineering 57, No. 4 (December 14, 2011): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2011-rae.

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An adjustable three-point hitch dynamometer with a draft capacity of 50 kN was developed to measure forces on the tractor and mounted implements. The design concept of the dynamometer was based on two linkage frames mounted between tractor links and the implement. The force sensing elements were comprised of a loadcell that was installed between the frames. The system provides variable width and height of the dynamometer links to satisfy a wide range of implement dimensions. All mounted tillage implements at categories II and III such as plows, cultivators and harrows were able to be tested by this dynamometer excluding mounted implements powered by power take-off (PTO). The dynamometer was calibrated and several field tests were conducted to measure the force required to pull a moldboard plow in a clay loam soil. The calibration showed a high degree of linearity between the draft requirements and the dynamometer outputs. Field tests showed that it was able to function effectively as intended without any mechanical problems.

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Heryng, Justyna, and Monika Obrębska. "Czy dwujęzyczność sprzyja kreatywności? Doniesienie z badań." Investigationes Linguisticae, no. 42 (June 3, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2018.42.1.

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The paper discusses links between bilingualism and creativity. It begins with a theoretical introduction and then presents research results based on the Creative Behaviour Questionnaire KANH–I (Popek 2000) in a group of 107 high school students. The obtained data was used to test group differences between attendees of classes learning German bilingually and their peers following standard curriculum, which yielded no significant results. The correlation analysis between bilingualism and the dimensions of creative behaviour according to KANH–I yielded no significant results as well. Finally, possible explanations of the results are discussed, along with the limitations of the present study.

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Huo, Baofeng, Zhaojun Han, Haozhe Chen, and Xiande Zhao. "The effect of high-involvement human resource management practices on supply chain integration." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 45, no. 8 (September 7, 2015): 716–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-05-2014-0112.

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Purpose – Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the purpose of this paper is to combine concepts from human resource management (HRM) and supply chain management (SCM) fields and explore the effects of high-involvement HRM practices on supply chain integration (SCI). Design/methodology/approach – Using empirical survey data collected from ten countries, the authors examine the specific effects of three dimensions of high-involvement HRM practices – employee skills, incentives and participation – on three types of SCI – internal integration, supplier and customer integration. The authors use structural equation modeling and the maximum-likelihood estimation method to test the proposed relationships. Findings – The results confirm the overall relevancy of HRM to SCI. However, several proposed links are not supported by the data collected. Originality/value – This study makes both theoretical and managerial contributions by empirically examining the interface between HRM and SCI. More specifically, it examines the effects of different high-involvement HRM practices on different types of SCI. The findings will not only help researchers to better understand the interface, but will also guide managers in adjusting HRM practices to achieve desired operational goals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Knots and links (in high dimensions)'

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