Relevant bibliographies by topics / Know whether

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Know whether'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Know whether"

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Abenina-Adar, Maayan. "Know whether and -ever free relative clauses." Semantics and Pragmatics 12, no. 19 (November 18, 2019): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.12.19.

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Venzin, Megan. "Know Whether Your Members Are Risk-Takers." Membership Management Report 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmr.30611.

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MCNAMARA, DAMIAN. "Know Whether to Watch or Refer Spinal Concerns." Family Practice News 37, no. 10 (May 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(07)70616-3.

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McCartney, M. "How do we know whether medical apps work?" BMJ 346, mar20 1 (March 20, 2013): f1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f1811.

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Pham, Julius Cuong, Kevin D. Frick, and Peter J. Pronovost. "Why Don’t We Know Whether Care Is Safe?" American Journal of Medical Quality 28, no. 6 (March 24, 2013): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1062860613479397.

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Simon, Gregory E. "How Can We Know Whether Antidepressants Increase Suicide Risk?" American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 11 (November 2006): 1861–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.11.1861.

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Kajitani, Alex. "How Do You Know Whether You're a Teacher Leader?" Kappa Delta Pi Record 51, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2015.1056663.

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Bonsall, Peter. "Do we know whether personal travel planning really works?" Transport Policy 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2009.10.002.

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Kalabikhina, Irina. "How do we know whether gender equality has arrived?" Woman in russian society, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2021.2.1.

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Gillespie, Ryan, Julie M. Amador,, and Abraham Wallin. "Do They Know They Don't Know?" Mathematics Teacher: Learning and Teaching PK-12 113, no. 9 (September 2020): e12-e17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtlt.2019.0085.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Know whether"

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Whorton, Skyler. "Can a computer adaptive assessment system determine, better than traditional methods, whether students know mathematics skills?" Digital WPI, 2013. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/224.

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Schools use commercial systems specifically for mathematics benchmarking and longitudinal assessment. However these systems are expensive and their results often fail to indicate a clear path for teachers to differentiate instruction based on students’ individual strengths and weaknesses in specific skills. ASSISTments is a web-based Intelligent Tutoring System used by educators to drive real-time, formative assessment in their classrooms. The software is used primarily by mathematics teachers to deliver homework, classwork and exams to their students. We have developed a computer adaptive test called PLACEments as an extension of ASSISTments to allow teachers to perform individual student assessment and by extension school-wide benchmarking. PLACEments uses a form of graph-based knowledge representation by which the exam results identify the specific mathematics skills that each student lacks. The system additionally provides differentiated practice determined by the students’ performance on the adaptive test. In this project, we describe the design and implementation of PLACEments as a skill assessment method and evaluate it in comparison with a fixed-item benchmark.
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Conway-Jones, Ann. "“Whether in the body or out of the body I do not know” : corporeality and heavenly ascent." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6153/.

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Im Artikel werden Fragen zum Themenfeld Körperlichkeit und Aufstieg in die Himmel untersucht. Dies geschieht anhand von Texten vom 1. Buch Henoch bis hin zur Hekhalot Literatur, zudem werden Philos Schriften einbezogen. Es werden sowohl Beschreibungen der himmlischen Sphären als auch des Prozesses des Emporsteigens behandelt. Trotz seiner von Platon geprägten, negativen Theologie setzt Philo kosmologische und spirituelle Himmel voraus und stützt sich auf die biblische Vorstellung der strahlenden Herrlichkeit. Auch wenn die Texte des Aufstiegs in die Himmeln nicht in einer philosophischen Sprache verfasst sind, verdeutlichen sie dennoch, dass der Mensch nicht in seinem irdischen Körper in die Himmel aufsteigen kann und dass Gott nicht mit irdischen Augen gesehen werden kann. Ideengeschichtlich sind diese Texte nicht so weit vom Philosophen Philo entfernt wie dies zuerst den Anschein haben mag.
This paper explores questions surrounding corporeality and heavenly ascent, in texts ranging from 1 Enoch to the Hekhalot literature, including Philo’s works. It examines both descriptions of the heavenly realms and accounts of the ascent process. Despite his Platonic apophaticism, Philo superimposes cosmological and spiritual heavens, and draws upon the biblical imagery of dazzling glory. Although they do not express themselves in philosophical language, the heavenly ascent texts make it clear that human beings cannot ascend to heaven in their earthly bodies, and that God cannot be seen with terrestrial eyes. In terms of ideas they are not so far from the philosopher Philo as might at first appear.
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Sjö, Kristoffer. "Semantics and Implementation of Knowledge Operators in Approximate Databases." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2438.

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In order that epistemic formulas might be coupled with approximate databases, it is necessary to have a well-defined semantics for the knowledge operator and a method of reducing epistemic formulas to approximate formulas. In this thesis, two possible definitions of a semantics for the knowledge operator are proposed for use together with an approximate relational database:

* One based upon logical entailment (being the dominating notion of knowledge in literature); sound and complete rules for reduction to approximate formulas are explored and found not to be applicable to all formulas.

* One based upon algorithmic computability (in order to be practically feasible); the correspondence to the above operator on the one hand, and to the deductive capability of the agent on the other hand, is explored.

Also, an inductively defined semantics for a"know whether"-operator, is proposed and tested. Finally, an algorithm implementing the above is proposed, carried out using Java, and tested.

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Zmejauskaitė, Rūta. "Prekių ženklo pripažinimo plačiai žinomu kriterijai: teorija ir praktika." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060331_135511-28641.

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Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra atlikti išsamią ženklo pripažinimo plačiai žinomu kriterijų analizė, išskiriant ir nurodant svarbiausius šio statuso aspektus. Magistro baigiamojo darbo tyrimo objektas yra kriterijai, galintys būti reikšmingais sprendžiant dęl prekių ženklo pripažinimo plačiai žinomu. Magistro baigiamajame darbe naudojant lyginamąją, analizės, sisteminį – loginį, istorinį, lingvistinį metodus buvo analizuojami tarptautiniai, Europos Sąjungos ir nacionaliniais teisės aktais, užsienio bei Lietuvos teismų praktika, teisės specialistų moksliniai darbai. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Paryžiaus sąjungos dėl pramoninės nuosavybės apsaugos asamblėjos ir Pasaulinės intelektinės nuosavybės organizacijos generalinės asamblėjos 1999 m. priimtai bendrai rekomendacijai dėl plačiai žinomų ženklų apsaugos (angl. Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well – Known Marks).
The main goal of this master thesis is to make particular analysis of the criteria of the well-known trademark by showing and setting main aspects of this status. The object of this master thesis is criteria, which can be significant defining trade mark as well-known trademark. Using comparative, analytical, systematic – logical, historical, linguistic methods were analyzed international, European Union and national law acts/certificates, foreign and Lithuanian court practice, researches of law professionals. Particular attention and consideration was given to Joint Recommendation Concerning Provisions on the Protection of Well – Known Marks adopted in 1999.
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"Whether the Mexican trial known as amparo may be a constitutional impediment to enforce an arbitral award." Tulane University, 2008.

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The purpose of this thesis to analyze the problems caused in Mexico by the lack of regulations of the New York Convention, related to the requirement of arbitrators to issue a reasoned arbitral award or, more specifically, a founded and motivated arbitral award (fundado y motivado) The Mexican Constitution establishes the obligation to found and motivate every act of authority, including judicial decisions. This obligation has been a vital protection to people's rights and liberties in Mexico against illegal acts from the authorities. Unfortunately, the New York Convention does not obligate arbitrators to reason the awards This situation may generate a conflict of law within the Mexican legal system, that is, between the Constitution and the application of the New York Convention. The constitutional norm which establishes the obligation to found and motivate arbitral awards is considered as an imperious norm (mandatory norm); therefore, it should not be ignored and cannot be waived by the parties The Constitution is unanimously considered by Mexican doctrine and, more importantly, by the Mexican Supreme Court of Justice, as the Supreme Law in the Mexican legal system where no laws, including international treaties, are allowed to contradict the principles and fundamental rights granted by such Supreme Law. The amparo suit, or constitutional injunction suit, is a specific legal figure created to impede or to bar any act or law considered unconstitutional The purpose of this research is to analyzed the possibility to set aside an arbitral award for lack of reasoning (lack of foundation and motivation), by the federal court in Mexico through the amparo trial arguing the unconstitutionality act of a judge that try to enforce an unreasoned arbitral award The issue at hand is whether federal courts in Mexico can properly set aside an award through an amparo suit, although acting in accordance with the international legal system especially without breaching Mexico's obligations under the VCLT. Considering that the Article V (II) (b) of the New York Convention may provide with the public policy exception a way out
acase@tulane.edu
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Chen, Rong-Ting, and 陳容亭. "I Ask Heaven Whether It Knows of My Plight?—Research on the History of American Chinese Immigrants during the Chinese Exclusion Period on the Basis of the Poems of Angel Island." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5493013%22.&searchmode=basic.

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Books on the topic "Know whether"

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Lepin, G. F. The bitter truth about atomic energy: (whether you want to know the truth?). Minsk: The Institute of radiation safety "Belrad", 2006.

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Thinking on your feet: Answering questions well, whether you know the answer--or not. Lake Oswego, Or: Professional Business Communications, 1987.

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Philip, Bither, and Walker Art Center, eds. Trisha Brown: So that the audience does not know whether I have stopped dancing. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 2008.

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Eleey, Peter. Trisha Brown: So that the audience does not know whether I have stopped dancing. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 2008.

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Eleey, Peter. Trisha Brown: So that the audience does not know whether I have stopped dancing. Minneapolis: Walker Art Center, 2008.

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Woodall, Marian K. Thinking on your feet: Answering questions well,whether you know the answer - or not. London: PrimeSource, 1987.

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MacDougall, Debra Angel. The 6 reasons you'll get the job: What employers look for-whether they know it or not. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 2010.

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Sheldon, George. The everything guide to buying foreclosures: Whether you're buying a home or looking for an investment, all you need to know to complete the deal. Avon, Mass: Adams Media, 2007.

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Communications, Griffin. How Do You Know Whether He Absolutely and Positively Loves You?: How Do You Know Whether She Absolutely and Positively Loves You? Griffin Communication, 1999.

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Can Your Relationship Be Saved? How to Know Whether to Stay or Go (Rebuilding Books). Impact Publishers, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Know whether"

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Gershwin, M. Eric, and Edwin L. Klingelhofer. "How To Know Whether Your Child Is Allergic." In Taking Charge of Your Child’s Allergies, 11–21. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6685-1_2.

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Haveraaen, Magne, and Eric G. Wagner. "Guarded Algebras: Disguising Partiality so You Won’t Know Whether Its There." In Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques, 182–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44616-3_11.

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Etchegaray, Claire. "Can We Know Whether Scepticism Is Right or Wrong? Reid’s Criticism and Hume’s Answer." In Scepticism in the Eighteenth Century: Enlightenment, Lumières, Aufklärung, 139–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4810-1_10.

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Tilden, Terje. "How Do I Know Whether My Efforts Are Helpful for the Client? Implementing Feedback in Norway." In Routine Outcome Monitoring in Couple and Family Therapy, 3–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50675-3_1.

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Akinci, Semiha. "On Knowing: Whether One Knows." In Memory in the Ontopoesis of Life, 143–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2319-3_10.

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Hennegan, Julie. "Interventions to Improve Menstrual Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Do We Know What Works?" In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies, 637–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_47.

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Abstract Within the context of growing recognition of the importance of menstruation in women’s lives and the resulting expansion of interventions to address menstrual needs, Hennegan takes a step back to look beneath the enthusiasm and best intentions and explore whether these interventions are actually effective. She finds that most efforts are untested, and that there is limited evidence to inform effective practice. She then provides a critical analysis of the evidence for menstrual health interventions in low- and middle-income countries, and concludes with a discussion of the approaches that have been trialed to date, their findings, key gaps, and pathways forward.
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"Newborn Screening and Choosing Whether to Know." In The Philosophy of Public Health, 121–30. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315554716-13.

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Cameron, J. Kevin. "Impacted Whether They Know It or Not." In Advances in Educational Marketing, Administration, and Leadership, 71–88. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5200-1.ch005.

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In the past 20 years, schools have been increasingly exposed to school shootings in which many of the victims are targeted at random. Despite recent progress in coping with school crises such as suicide, accidental death, and targeted violence, the advent of random-type school shootings has left mental health, education, law enforcement, and other professionals struggling to deal with this type of traumatic event in terms of its aftermath and its prevention. In this chapter, a systems-oriented approach—rather than an individually-focused approach to traumatic events—the Traumatic Event Systems (TES) model, is proposed to increase the understanding and the effectiveness of professionals in responding to the aftermath of school shootings. The companion model, the Violence Threat Risk Assessment (VTRA), is proposed with a trauma-informed threat assessment practice that creates a nexus between prior trauma and future violence potential through an understanding of the “trauma-violence continuum.”
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"1. Whether it is Possible to Know Something." In Knowledge and Scientific and Religious Belief, 1–11. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110585797-001.

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"3. Whether it is Possible to Know Something Universal." In Knowledge and Scientific and Religious Belief, 37–45. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110585797-003.

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Conference papers on the topic "Know whether"

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Thierfeldt, Stefan. "Clearance Levels in Germany: How Do We Know They Are Right?" In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4803.

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Clearance levels (CL) in Germany have been implemented in the Radiation Protection Ordinance (RPO / Strahlenschutzverordnung StrlSchV) of July 2001 which transforms the EURATOM Basic Safety Standards (BSS) into national legislation. Separate clearance options exist e.g. for metals, building rubble, liquids, buildings, wastes and sites. Meanwhile, the CL have found extensive application at a number of operating nuclear installations in Germany, in particular at those under decommissioning or those which will enter the decommissioning phase soon. The CL are based on extensive studies and have been approved by the competent bodies. Yet there has been and is an ongoing discussion in the interested public whether the basis for the CL is correct. In order to establish a scientific basis for this discussion, a Working Group on Clearance within the German Commission on Radiological Protection (SSK) has been established and studies have been launched by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. Key issues comprise inter alia: • comparison of German and international CL (scope, values, method of their derivation, etc.); • review and update of German CL for clearance for disposal as a consequence of changes in the (conventional) waste law; • leaching behaviour of relevant radionuclides from cleared building rubble, especially for the long-term behaviour of radionuclides relevant in contaminated concrete of NPPs; • the possibility of multiple exposure for a single individual from various clearance options; • evaluation of the collective dose which may be caused by clearance in Germany and comparison with the reference value of 1 manSv/a.
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Rienstra, Tjitze, Matthias Thimm, Kristian Kersting, and Xiaoting Shao. "Independence and D-separation in Abstract Argumentation." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/73.

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We investigate the notion of independence in abstract argumentation, i.e., the question of whether the evaluation of one set of arguments is independent of the evaluation of another set of arguments, given that we already know the status of a third set of arguments. We provide a semantic definition of this notion and develop a method to discover independencies based on transforming an argumentation framework into a DAG on which we then apply the well-known d-separation criterion. We also introduce the SCC Markov property for argumentation semantics, which generalises the Markov property from the classical acyclic case and guarantees the soundness of our approach.
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Stern, Bryan. "Building Out Your ROI: Making Sure Your Next Furnace Acquisition Makes You Money." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021exabp0027.

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Abstract Ensuring profitability is top priority when considering whether to purchase a new piece of equipment. However, whether a furnace purchase will add value is a difficult question to answer. Between complex heat treatment cycles and varying utility consumption, the number of variables that contribute to a value statement can be overwhelming. For heat treaters, this can make it difficult to know what to charge for services to stay competitive and still hit target break-even timelines. The design of the equipment itself can have a dramatic impact on operating cost, which further increases complexity. Using a systematic approach to evaluate purchase decision can protect payback periods and recover value that is lost using more common simplified approaches.
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"Do Students Really Want to Know? Investigating the Relationship between Learning Analytics Dashboards and Student Motivation." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4352.

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Aim/Purpose: The aim of this project was to explore the perceptions of information technology students about student-facing learning analytics dashboards that display ranking information, and whether they perceive that their motivation to study would be influenced by the use of dashboards that display their performance relative to other students. Background: While there has been a focus on the use of learning analytics dashboards by academics to inform their teaching, there has not been as much exploration of the use of student-facing dashboards, nor on the effect that students believe these dashboards will have on their motivation to study. Methodology: The research surveyed students enrolled in Information Technology courses at an Australian university. Data about students’ academic motivation was gathered using a short, online survey. Contribution: The paper adds to knowledge of the impact on students of student-facing learning analytics dashboards. Findings: A majority of students (63%) would like to see their cohort-ranking via a dashboard, though a large majority (91%) preferred that their ranking not be made available to other students. Students who were highly motivated to study were more likely to wish to have their ranking made available via dashboards. Those students who viewed a dashboard showing them as highly ranked relative to the unit average for an assignment were significantly more likely to be more motivated to study in this unit than those who were shown to be ranked well below the average. Recommendations for Practitioners: Although students were generally in favor of their cohort ranking being made available using dashboards, universities should proceed with caution when implementing these student-facing dashboards because of the potential for demotivating students. Recommendations for Researchers: Further investigation of the reasons why students do not wish to have their rankings made available via dashboards is needed. Impact on Society: This research contributes to the body of knowledge regarding student motivation and its relationship with student-facing learning analytics dashboards. Future Research Given the complexity of the issues investigated, more research is needed in this area.
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Yazawa, Toru, Katsunori Tanaka, and Tomoo Katsuyama. "Neurodynamical Control of the Heart of Healthy and Dying Crustacean Animals." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84646.

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We analyzed the heartbeat-interval recorded from crustacean animals, using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) and delayed-time embedding method. EKG was obtained from freely moving animals in normal condition and then in terminal condition; we kept recording until the life was coming to an end. Our experimental purpose was to know whether DFA and embedding methods characterize quantitatively conditions of the cardiac control network, either in the brain or in the heart, or both, the brain and heart. We concluded that DFA exponents represent whether the subjects are under sick or healthy conditions. Here we show how the controller conditions of the brain changed and how pacemaker neural network in the heart deteriorated from time to time. This report demonstrates relationship between DFA and electro-physiological of the heart.
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Ishihara, Kunihiko. "Study on Evaluation of Sound Speed in Duct With Tube Banks." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30128.

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As tube banks are set in a duct in a boiler and a heat exchanger, the resonance phenomenon or the self sustained tone are generated due to the interference between vortex shedding and the acoustic characteristics of the duct. It is necessary to know the resonance frequency of the duct, namely sound speed, for avoiding any trouble that may arise. In general, it is said that the sound speed decreases in the duct with tube banks and an evaluation formula is given. However, this formula is often used for the perpendicular direction of the flow. We wanted to know whether this formula would be able to be used for the flow direction and for various arrays of patterns or not. In this paper, the applicability of this expression is discussed by using FEM analysis and experiments.
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Garibyan, Armine. "Complements vs. adjuncts and mouse-controlled reading." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0022/000437.

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The relationship between sentence processing and cognitive demand has received a lot of attention in the past decades. In valency theory, some elements of the sentence are determined by the verbs either in terms of their form or by their presence (Herbst & Schüller 2008). It has to be said that little attention has been paid to the processing of such fundamental categories in the theory of syntax. On the one hand, this is remarkable since given the amount of research, we still do not know whether this distinction is psychologically real, or whether it only serves a lexicographic and pedagogical purpose. On the other hand, there is a consensus among linguists about the problematic character of the distinction itself even on a more theoretical level (Dowty 2000; Herbst & Schüller 2008). Therefore, this study attempts to explore whether complements and adjuncts are associated with different kinds of processing. To answer the research questions, an experiment consisting in a mouse-controlled reading task has been designed. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new method in psycholinguistic research. The paper presents the results of a pilot study.
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Bayraktar, Şule, and Zeynep Kuvvet. "PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT LIVING THINGS." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.15.

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The purpose of this research is to examine pre-school children’s ideas about living and non-living things. Children were asked to determine whether particular objects in the pictures shown to them are living or non-living and asked to explain why they think so. The results of the research showed that majority of children can classify living and non-living things correctly and know that motion is a characteristic of a living thing. However, they held some alternative conceptions on the subject. Keywords: living things, alternative conceptions, pre-school children, science education.
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Feiye, Liao, Jiang Pingting, Liu Wang, and He Dongyu. "Research on Emergency System of Injection Estimation of Reactor Core Recovery and Reactor Core Decay Heat Removal." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66110.

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One of the lessons learned from Fukushima accident is that the existing procedures used in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) are not executed effectively and quickly enough after such an extended accident, for the accident is complex and people are too nervous in such a situation. Thus, emergency system that helps to raise diagnosis efficiency is necessary. In the paper, a quick diagnosis system on injection estimation of reactor core recovery and decay heat removal injection estimation is developed to meet the urgent needs and strengthen requirements for the training and application among utilities and nuclear regulators. The system will assist regulators to quickly know whether the currently flow will probably recover the reactor core, or whether the current injection capacity is sufficient to quench and recover the reactor core, directly after input present parameters into the system. In the system, Matlab method is used, and intuitive insights are considered, which is propitious to give immediate graphical interface and reduce possibility of human error.
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Oliveira, Matthew, Jorge L. Jimenez-Rios, Alex Fowler, and Sankha Bhowmick. "Spatial Mapping of Moisture Content and Cellular State During Desiccation Preservation in a Sessile Droplet." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80679.

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The use of sessile droplets in desiccation protocols has been brought into question due to potential inhomogeneity within the samples [1]. The moisture content and the corresponding viability that gets recorded, in most viability studies, represents that of the whole sample and does not account for any variation that may be present within the drop. One reason that trehalose is added to desiccation media as a biopreservative is to create a glassy state around the cell at certain moisture contents [2]. This makes it important to know the local residual moisture contents to better analyze viability results and whether or not the cells are actually capable of reaching a glassy state.
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Reports on the topic "Know whether"

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Domínguez, Patricio, and Krista Ruffini. Research Insights: How Do Longer School Days Affect Students' Economic Well-Being in Adulthood? Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003284.

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Many Latin American countries and cities have substantially lengthened the school day over the past generation. Chile, for example, increased the school day by 30 percent between 1997 and 2010. While evidence on lengthening these additional instructional resources points to positive effects in the short term, we know little about whether these reforms affect students long-term economic outcomes once they enter the labor market. This project finds longer elementary and secondary school days substantially improve economic well-being by increasing educational attainment, delaying childbearing, and increasing earnings in young adulthood.
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Paul, Satashree. The Criminal Behavior of Genes. Science Repository OÜ, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/sr.blog.14.

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Identifying the crucial role of genetics in criminal behavior implies there must be something known as a “Crime Gene”. Genes come out as the strongest predictor of whether a person has predisposition towards crime or any criminal behavior.
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Martínez, Déborah, Cristina Parilli, Carlos Scartascini, and Alberto Simpser. Let's (Not) Get Together!: The Role of Social Norms in Social Distancing during COVID-19. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003044.

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While effective preventive measures against COVID-19 are now widely known, many individuals fail to adopt them. This paper provides experimental evidence about one potentially important driver of compliance with social distancing: social norms. We asked each of 23,000 survey respondents in Mexico to predict how a fictional person would behave when faced with the choice about whether or not to attend a friend's birthday gathering. Every respondent was randomly assigned to one of four social norms conditions. Expecting that other people would attend the gathering and/or believing that other people approved of attending the gathering both increased the predicted probability that the fictional character would attend the gathering by 25% in comparison with a scenario where other people were not expected to attend nor to approve of attending. Our results speak to the potential effects of communication campaigns and media coverage of, compliance with, and normative views about COVID-19 preventive measures. They also suggest that policies aimed at modifying social norms or making existing ones salient could impact compliance.
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Bertoni, Eleonora, Gregory Elacqua, Luana Marotta, Matias Martínez, Humberto Santos, and Sammara Soares. Is School Funding Unequal in Latin America?: A Cross-country Analysis. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002854.

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Public spending on education has increased significantly in Latin America over the last decades. However, less is known whether increased spending has been translated into a more equitable distribution of resources within countries in the region. This study addresses this gap by measuring the inequality in per-pupil spending between regions with different levels of socioeconomic status (SES) within five Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Results show that Brazil, a federal country, has the widest socioeconomic funding gap due to large inequalities in local revenues between high and low SES regions. However, the country's funding gap has narrowed over time. School funding in Colombia has become more regressive over time, but its gap is half the size of the one in Brazil. The distribution of school funding in Peru has changed over time from being regressive-benefiting the richest regions-to being progressive-benefiting the poorest regions. Education spending in Chile and in Ecuador are, on the other hand, consistently progressive. However, while the progressiveness of funding in Ecuador is driven by transfers targeted at disadvantaged rural areas, the funding formulas in Chile addresses socioeconomic inequalities beyond the rural-urban gap.
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P., BASTIAENSEN. Triage in the trenches, for the love of animals : a tribute to veterinarians in the First World War. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2018.nf.2883.

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On the occasion of the centenary of the First World War, remembered across the world from 2014 until the end of 2018, many aspects and experiences of this global conflict have been re-examined or brought to light for the first time, as we honour the memory of those estimated 16 million soldiers and civilians who perished in what was then known as the ‘Great War’, or the ‘War to End All Wars’. So many of these died on the infamous fields of Flanders, where Allied and Central Forces dug themselves into trenches for the better part of four years. Over the past few years, new research has brought to light many insights into the plight of animals in this War, which – for the younger readers amongst you – was fought at the dawn of motorised warfare, using anything powered by two or four feet or paws, from the homing pigeons delivering secret messages across enemy lines, to the traction provided by oxen and mules to pull cannons and other heavy artillery, to the horses of the cavalry. Not least among these roles was the supply of animal protein to the troops, whether this came through the specific designation of animals for this purpose or as the result of a failed attempt at delivering any of the above services. Several leading publications today have documented the role (and suffering) of animals in ‘La Grande Guerre’. Less so the role of veterinarians in the ‘War to End All Wars’. Who were they? How many? How were they organised? What did they do, on either side of the enemy lines? The present article is a humble attempt to shed some light on these veterinary colleagues, based on available, mostly grey, literature…
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Agrawal, Asha Weinstein, and Hilary Nixon. What Do Americans Think About Federal Tax Options to Support Transportation? Results from Year Twelve of a National Survey. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2101.

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This report summarizes the results from the twelfth year of a national public opinion survey asking U.S. adults questions related to their views on federal transportation taxes. A nationally-representative sample of 2,516 respondents completed the online survey from February 5 to 23, 2021. The questions test public opinions about raising the federal gas tax rate, replacing the federal gas tax with a new mileage fee, and imposing a mileage fee just on commercial travel. In addition to asking directly about support for these tax options, the survey collected data on respondents’ views on the quality of their local transportation system, their priorities for federal transportation spending, their knowledge about gas taxes, their views on privacy and equity matters related to mileage fees, travel behavior, and standard sociodemographic variables. This large set of variables is used to identify personal characteristics and opinions correlated with support for the tax options. Key findings include that large majorities supported transportation improvements across modes and wanted to see the federal government work towards making the transportation system well maintained, safe, and equitable, as well as to reduce the system’s impact on climate change. Findings related to gas taxes include that only 2% of respondents knew that the federal gas tax rate had not been raised in more than 20 years, and 71% of respondents supported increasing the federal gas tax by 10 cents per gallon if the revenue would be dedicated to maintenance. With respect to mileage fees, roughly half of respondents supported some form of mileage fee, whether that was assessed on all travel or just on commercial travel, 62% believe that low-income drivers should pay a reduced mileage fee rate, and 52% think that electric vehicles should pay a lower rate than gas and diesel vehicles. The analysis of trends across the survey series, which has run from 2010 to 2011, shows that support for both higher gas taxes and a hypothetical new mileage fee has risen slowly but steadily, and Americans’ experience with COVID over the past year has not disrupted those trends. Finally, support for the tax and fee options varies mostly by most personal characteristics, but there are frequently large differences correlated with age, community type, and political affiliation.
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Stall, Nathan M., Kevin A. Brown, Antonina Maltsev, Aaron Jones, Andrew P. Costa, Vanessa Allen, Adalsteinn D. Brown, et al. COVID-19 and Ontario’s Long-Term Care Homes. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.07.1.0.

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Key Message Ontario long-term care (LTC) home residents have experienced disproportionately high morbidity and mortality, both from COVID-19 and from the conditions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes, if implemented. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Third, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by approaches that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Summary Background The Province of Ontario has 626 licensed LTC homes and 77,257 long-stay beds; 58% of homes are privately owned, 24% are non-profit/charitable, 16% are municipal. LTC homes were strongly affected during Ontario’s first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions What do we know about the first and second waves of COVID-19 in Ontario LTC homes? Which risk factors are associated with COVID-19 outbreaks in Ontario LTC homes and the extent and death rates associated with outbreaks? What has been the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the general health and wellbeing of LTC residents? How has the existing Ontario evidence on COVID-19 in LTC settings been used to support public health interventions and policy changes in these settings? What are the further measures that could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes? Findings As of January 14, 2021, a total of 3,211 Ontario LTC home residents have died of COVID-19, totaling 60.7% of all 5,289 COVID-19 deaths in Ontario to date. There have now been more cumulative LTC home outbreaks during the second wave as compared with the first wave. The infection and death rates among LTC residents have been lower during the second wave, as compared with the first wave, and a greater number of LTC outbreaks have involved only staff infections. The growth rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC residents was slower during the first two months of the second wave in September and October 2020, as compared with the first wave. However, the growth rate after the two-month mark is comparatively faster during the second wave. The majority of second wave infections and deaths in LTC homes have occurred between December 1, 2020, and January 14, 2021 (most recent date of data extraction prior to publication). This highlights the recent intensification of the COVID-19 pandemic in LTC homes that has mirrored the recent increase in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 across Ontario. Evidence from Ontario demonstrates that the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and subsequent deaths in LTC are distinct from the risk factors for outbreaks and deaths in the community (Figure 1). The most important risk factors for whether a LTC home will experience an outbreak is the daily incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the communities surrounding the home and the occurrence of staff infections. The most important risk factors for the magnitude of an outbreak and the number of resulting resident deaths are older design, chain ownership, and crowding. Figure 1. Anatomy of Outbreaks and Spread of COVID-19 in LTC Homes and Among Residents Figure from Peter Hamilton, personal communication. Many Ontario LTC home residents have experienced severe and potentially irreversible physical, cognitive, psychological, and functional declines as a result of precautionary public health interventions imposed on homes, such as limiting access to general visitors and essential caregivers, resident absences, and group activities. There has also been an increase in the prescribing of psychoactive drugs to Ontario LTC residents. The accumulating evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been leveraged in several ways to support public health interventions and policy during the pandemic. Ontario evidence showed that SARS-CoV-2 infections among LTC staff was associated with subsequent COVID-19 deaths among LTC residents, which motivated a public order to restrict LTC staff from working in more than one LTC home in the first wave. Emerging Ontario evidence on risk factors for LTC home outbreaks and deaths has been incorporated into provincial pandemic surveillance tools. Public health directives now attempt to limit crowding in LTC homes by restricting occupancy to two residents per room. The LTC visitor policy was also revised to designate a maximum of two essential caregivers who can visit residents without time limits, including when a home is experiencing an outbreak. Several further measures could be effective in preventing COVID-19 outbreaks, hospitalizations, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes. First, temporary staffing could be minimized by improving staff working conditions. Second, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in staff could be minimized by measures that reduce the risk of transmission in communities with a high burden of COVID-19. Third, LTC homes could be further decrowded by a continued disallowance of three- and four-resident rooms and additional temporary housing for the most crowded homes. Other important issues include improved prevention and detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in LTC staff, enhanced infection prevention and control (IPAC) capacity within the LTC homes, a more balanced and nuanced approach to public health measures and IPAC strategies in LTC homes, strategies to promote vaccine acceptance amongst residents and staff, and further improving data collection on LTC homes, residents, staff, visitors and essential caregivers for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interpretation Comparisons of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in the LTC setting reveal improvement in some but not all epidemiological indicators. Despite this, the second wave is now intensifying within LTC homes and without action we will likely experience a substantial additional loss of life before the widespread administration and time-dependent maximal effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. The predictors of outbreaks, the spread of infection, and deaths in Ontario’s LTC homes are well documented and have remained unchanged between the first and the second wave. Some of the evidence on COVID-19 in Ontario’s LTC homes has been effectively leveraged to support public health interventions and policies. Several further measures, if implemented, have the potential to prevent additional LTC home COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths.
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Tucker-Blackmon, Angelicque. Engagement in Engineering Pathways “E-PATH” An Initiative to Retain Non-Traditional Students in Engineering Year Three Summative External Evaluation Report. Innovative Learning Center, LLC, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52012/tyob9090.

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The summative external evaluation report described the program's impact on faculty and students participating in recitation sessions and active teaching professional development sessions over two years. Student persistence and retention in engineering courses continue to be a challenge in undergraduate education, especially for students underrepresented in engineering disciplines. The program's goal was to use peer-facilitated instruction in core engineering courses known to have high attrition rates to retain underrepresented students, especially women, in engineering to diversify and broaden engineering participation. Knowledge generated around using peer-facilitated instruction at two-year colleges can improve underrepresented students' success and participation in engineering across a broad range of institutions. Students in the program participated in peer-facilitated recitation sessions linked to fundamental engineering courses, such as engineering analysis, statics, and dynamics. These courses have the highest failure rate among women and underrepresented minority students. As a mixed-methods evaluation study, student engagement was measured as students' comfort with asking questions, collaboration with peers, and applying mathematics concepts. SPSS was used to analyze pre-and post-surveys for statistical significance. Qualitative data were collected through classroom observations and focus group sessions with recitation leaders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with faculty members and students to understand their experiences in the program. Findings revealed that women students had marginalization and intimidation perceptions primarily from courses with significantly more men than women. However, they shared numerous strategies that could support them towards success through the engineering pathway. Women and underrepresented students perceived that they did not have a network of peers and faculty as role models to identify within engineering disciplines. The recitation sessions had a positive social impact on Hispanic women. As opportunities to collaborate increased, Hispanic womens' social engagement was expected to increase. This social engagement level has already been predicted to increase women students' persistence and retention in engineering and result in them not leaving the engineering pathway. An analysis of quantitative survey data from students in the three engineering courses revealed a significant effect of race and ethnicity for comfort in asking questions in class, collaborating with peers outside the classroom, and applying mathematical concepts. Further examination of this effect for comfort with asking questions in class revealed that comfort asking questions was driven by one or two extreme post-test scores of Asian students. A follow-up ANOVA for this item revealed that Asian women reported feeling excluded in the classroom. However, it was difficult to determine whether these differences are stable given the small sample size for students identifying as Asian. Furthermore, gender differences were significant for comfort in communicating with professors and peers. Overall, women reported less comfort communicating with their professors than men. Results from student metrics will inform faculty professional development efforts to increase faculty support and maximize student engagement, persistence, and retention in engineering courses at community colleges. Summative results from this project could inform the national STEM community about recitation support to further improve undergraduate engineering learning and educational research.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.

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Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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Respirator fact sheet: what you should know in deciding whether to buy escape hoods, gas masks, or other respirators for preparedness at home and work. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2003144.

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