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Journal articles on the topic 'Knowledge transfer channels'
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Tichá, I., and J. Havlíček. "Knowledge transfer." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 12 (January 7, 2008): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1223-agricecon.
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The paper deals with the issue of knowledge transfer from several angles (context, benefits, and channels) in order to specify roles the universities should play in order to enhance the competitiveness of the EU economy. Knowledge transfer encompasses a wide variety of activities that range from appearances in the media and at public forums to participation in bilateral projects, the commercial development of research, the application of expertise through partnerships and internships, and the inclusion of broader community influences in the curriculum to enhance the capabilities of graduates. The broader context to facilitate knowledge transfer activities is assessed, suitable channels identified and some hints to select the appropriate channels provided. As the benefits of knowledge transfer go beyond the simple financial return, factors supporting effective deployment of knowledge transfer function at universities include not only financial incentives, but also a combination of measures ranging from training knowledge transfer personnel, setting appropriate metrics to assess the performance of knowledge transfer processes, quality assurance schemes as well as barriers-removing policies to enhance mobility of staff and free exchange of knowledge.
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Gandal, Neil, Peter Naftaliev, and Uriel Stettner. "Following the Code: Spillovers and Knowledge Transfer." Review of Network Economics 16, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 243–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rne-2017-0056.
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Abstract Knowledge spillovers in Open Source Software (OSS) can occur via two channels: In the first channel, programmers take knowledge and experience gained from one OSS project they work on and employ it in another OSS project they work on. In the second channel, programmers reuse software code by taking code from an OSS project and employing it in another. We develop a methodology to measure software reuse in a large OSS network at the micro level and show that projects that reuse code from other projects have higher success. We also demonstrate knowledge spillovers from projects connected via common programmers.
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Machikita, Tomohiro, and Yasushi Ueki. "Knowledge transfer channels to Vietnam for process improvement." Management Decision 51, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 954–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2012-0600.
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Zaharia, Noni. "University-Industry Knowledge Transfer: Channels of Sport Research Interaction." International Journal of Business and Management 12, no. 9 (August 15, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n9p1.
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The reputation of academic programs is increasingly defined in terms of both the generation of high-quality research and the success in transferring scientific findings into commercial development. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the particular channels of research interaction between sport academia and sport companies. The purpose of this study was to assess, for the first time, the degree to which different channels of research interaction could be used to inform the research involvement levels of sport organizations with sport academia. Information was gathered from 292 sport managers working for United States sport companies. The results provide evidence that sport managers who collaborated with sport management academia are more concerned with working on joint research projects with sport management scholars and departments than with academic engagement in patenting and licenses, or involvement in networking, scholars’ mobility, and publication research channels.
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Fabiano, Gianluca, Andrea Marcellusi, and Giampiero Favato. "Channels and processes of knowledge transfer: How does knowledge move between university and industry?" Science and Public Policy 47, no. 2 (February 3, 2020): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scaa002.
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Abstract The role of knowledge and technology transfer between academia and the industry has received increasing attention in the analysis of innovation. This article aims to explore the scientific literature concerning knowledge transport mechanisms and describe how the topic was organized by previous studies and terminologies applied. A systematic review was conducted in which the content of recent contributions best fitting these intensions was analysed. The characteristics of knowledge, individuals, organizations, and disciplines were found to be the main determinants in the adoption of transfer mechanisms. These were classified in terms of formalization, relational involvement, direction, and time. On the revealed multi-dimensionality of knowledge transfer and complementarity between transfer activities we framed a new taxonomy distinguishing between channels and processes. Future research may deepen these factors, such as the economic aspects driving the adoption of transfer mechanisms informing decisions on the funding of innovation.
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Ferencikova, Sonia. "Reverse knowledge transfer from Central to Western Europe: Selected Case Studies." Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research (JEECAR) 7, no. 1 (March 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v7i1.340.
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Reverse knowledge transfer refers to the knowledge flow from the subsidiaries to the parent companies. The paper analyzes if the subsidiaries located in former transitional country (Slovakia) can create and transfer original knowledge to the parent companies in so-called developed Western Europe and focuses on the drivers, communication channels and contributions of such a knowledge flow for both, the headquarters and the subsidiaries. Qualitative research of four subsidiaries of multinational corporations was conducted to identify reverse knowledge transfers and to study them in-depth using case study method.
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Sharaf Qdah, Mohammad, Amer Nizar Fayez AbuAli, Juhana Salim, and Tarek Issa Khalil. "A Grounded Theory for ICT-Mediated Tacit Knowledge Transferability in MNCs." Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management 13 (2018): 311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4107.
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Aim/Purpose: A vital business activity within organizations is tacit knowledge (TK) transfer. This work aims to propose a novel framework for TK transferability in multinational corporations (MNCs) from the information and communication technology (ICT) perspective. Background: In the past two decades, researchers have developed several frameworks for TK transfer based on humanistic, business, and educational perspectives. However, a review of the existing work revealed that TK transfer has seldom been examined from an ICT perspective. Methodology: A qualitative method was adopted because it was considered the most appropriate for the research requirements. A grounded theory approach was employed to generate the items that potentially affect the transferability of TK. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, along with observations when possible. The study sample consisted of 20 expert interviewees in Malaysia. An inductive ongoing data analysis process based on grounded theory via open, axial, and selective coding was used as the primary analysis method. In addition, comparative and frequency count analyses were used to examine the collected data. Contribution: The main contribution of this study is its use of the grounded theory approach, which resulted in the generation of items that affect the transferability of TK, not all of which had been identified by previous researchers. This paper reports one of the few inductive studies conducted on TK transferability among MNCs and, therefore, makes distinct contributions to the literature on TK management, specifically bringing to the fore the intricacies involved in TK transferability. Findings: Information and communication technology plays a crucial role in and has a positive impact on TK transfer in MNCs. This study evaluated the potential of various ICT channels to facilitate TK transfer. The findings show that ICT tools cannot completely substitute for face-to-face contact. Tacit knowledge that has a high degree of complexity requires sophisticated channel features for its transfer. From this standpoint, virtual face-to-face communication is the richest communication medium in the ICT hierarchy. On the other hand, email and voicemail are less effective channels for TK transfer, while synchronous groupware is an intermediate communication medium. The findings highlight the importance of utilizing an appropriate mix of channels to improve TK transferability. Recommendations for Practitioners: It is recommended that practitioners consider the diverse aspects of TK and the potential of a range of ICT channels for the TK transfer process in order to increase the efficiency of TK transfer. The analytic categories developed in this study may give managers new insights into and a better understanding of how TK can be supported in a modern organization and how to overcome the barriers to TK transfer.
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Raudeliūnienė, Jurgita, and Sigitas Davidavičius. "A Conceptual Model of Assessment of Knowledge Transfer to Consumer." Business, Management and Education 15, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 174–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2017.387.
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Due to changing needs of knowledge consumers in the context of globalization organizations find it important to search out the way of effective application of the process of knowledge sharing and distribution in their activity in order to create and/or select proper means of communication with consumers on purpose of effective satisfaction of their knowledge needs. In order to address the problems of such nature it is important to assess the process of knowledge transfer and consumer purchase, knowledge needs, knowledge transferred to meet of consumer needs, channels and means of knowledge transfer. Also, to select purposefully channels of communication with consumers and tools of e-marketing that are suitable for satisfaction of consumer needs, i.e. channels and tools that affect self-determination of consumer to take a decision to acquire a product or service of specific organization.
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Meissner, Dirk, and Elias George Carayannis. "Value generation from industry-science linkages in light of targeted open innovation." Journal of Knowledge Management 21, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2016-0510.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide a substantial overview of features and channels of knowledge and technology transfer in light of achieving impact from science and research. Design/methodology/approach The paper is conceptual with substantial desk research undertaken. A taxonomy of transfer channels is proved and levels of impact from STI proposed. Findings It is found that there are different levels of value generated from science, technology and innovation, each featuring different stakeholders with different agendas and expectations. It is argued that to make knowledge and technology transfer impactful and sustainable, a long-term and holistic view and approach is required. Originality/value Against most papers about technology and knowledge transfer, this work presents an overarching overview of objects, channels and features of partners involved in transfer. It is features technology and knowledge transfer from a holistic perspective and provides useful background for future empiric studies and impact assessments.
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Smith, Dedrick A., and John Hannon. "KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT’S ROLE IN ORGANIZATION MATURITY IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 5 (May 31, 2015): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i5.2015.3015.
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In this paper, we review knowledge management's role in project management (PM). The authors speculate that knowledge management is an indicator of organizational maturity project management. This is as an organization increases its maturity in PM, it uses both informal and formal channels for knowledge transfers between the firm's actors. The researchers used an online survey and telephone interview process to collect data. The data showed that there was a positive relationship between knowledge management and organization maturity in project management.
In immature firms, the project manager uses informal learning channels to increase their own tacit project management knowledge. For example, organizations useprojectmanagers’interactions, (internally and externally),unofficialexternaltrainingcourses,andprofessionalorganizationstoincreaseorganizationallearning.As organizational maturityincreases,managersbegintocodifythesechannelsintoformalones thereby creatingexplicit knowledge. They use channels like databaserepositories,manuals,websites,and official internalandexternaltrainingopportunitiesto foster organizational learning. In addition, firms use other artifacts suchas PM guides and manuals to facilitate education and knowledge transfer in an organization’s PM methodology and toolsets.
The study also sets forth specific recommendations to project managers, organizations, and the Project Management Institute to include knowledge management and organizational learning as indicators of organization maturity in their Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3©) model.
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Lashari, Jagul Huma, Arabella Bhutto, Qazi Muhammad Moinnuddin Abro, Zahid Ali Memon, and Iffat Batool Naqvi. "Examining Knowledge Transfer Channels for Development of Environment Sector in Sindh." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1802.17.
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Jeck, Tomáš, and Vladimír Baláž. "Geographies of tacit knowledge transfer: Evidence from the European co-authorship network." Moravian Geographical Reports 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 98–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0008.
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AbstractThe patterns of scientific cooperation between the 28 European Union (EU) member countries, Switzerland and Norway, from 1993 and 2017, are evaluated in this article. We consider co-authorship patterns to be proxies for international transfers of tacit knowledge. The theoretical part of the paper contains propositions by researchers in evolutionary economic geography on path-dependence, selection and variation, and the role of networks in knowledge transfer. The principal argument is that the geographical configurations of knowledge transfers over distance are shaped via a set of connectivities – specific communication channels for the exchange of people, goods and knowledge between two or more countries. Some connectivities are more conducive for the transfer of explicit knowledge (e.g. merchandise trade, trade in patents), while human exchange flows (students, migrants, travellers) favour the transfer of tacit knowledge. The research project found that a considerable increase in human exchanges has helped to increase the total number of co-authored papers, but did not amend the geography of the European co-authorship network over last two decades. Rather, the layout of the network stems from a relatively stable set of historical, cultural and political legacies in Europe.
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Naziz, Arjuman. "Sharing tacit knowledge in public sector :." Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration 29, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36609/bjpa.v29i2.209.
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Tacit knowledge – experiences, skills, judgment and even intuition of the employees – as organizational resource, has recently gained significant attention from the organizational researchers. While such knowledge is difficult to identify, exhibit and describe, it can often determine the manner in which public administrators implement public policies. Taking a qualitative strategy of enquiry, this paper aims at identifying the pattern of tacit knowledge sharing among the local government officials in Bangladesh. The key findings suggest that majority of the local government officials are aware of the significance of tacit knowledge. Trust, both cognition-based trust and affect-based trust, determine their knowledge sharing behaviour. The ‘senior-junior’ relationship within the hierarchal structure is perceived to be the key channel of tacit knowledge transfer. In the context of inadequate formal sharing channels, officials perceived trainings to be the key formal mechanism of tacit knowledge sharing within public sector organizations in Bangladesh.
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Parekh, Ashok, Tejendra Patel, and Parbhubhai Tailor. "A Comparative Study of Refrigerant Side Condensing Heat Transfer Coefficient for Horizontal Mini Channel." MATEC Web of Conferences 166 (2018): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816603003.
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Heat exchanger developments are driven by increase in energetic efficiency and emission reduction. To reach the required standards, new systems are required based on mini-channels along with macro channels also. Mini-channels can be described as tubes with one or more ports extruded in aluminium or any other material like copper, steel etc. with hydraulic diameter in the range of 0.2 to 3 mm. Its use in refrigeration systems became a reality; thanks to the human ability to make micro-scale systems. Some heat exchanger enterprises have some models developed specially for their use in automotive sector, cooling sector and industrial refrigeration without having knowledge of how these reduced geometries affect the most important parameters such as pressure drop and the heat transfer coefficient. To overcome this, an exhaustive literature review of the last two decades has been performed to determinate the state of the research. Among all the publications, several models have been reviewed to check the predicting capacities of them as most of them were developed for macro channels along with single port mini-channel tubes. This work presents a comparative study of existing heat transfer correlations for horizontal flow through mini-channels. Present work total 317 experimental results of condensation heat transfer coefficient obtained from several published literatures and also various condensation heat transfer correlations are reviewed for horizontal flow through mini-channels. Results of condensation heat transfer coefficient obtained for various correlations are compared with the experimental results. Among all correlations used the Bohdalet’s correlation gives value of condensation heat transfer coefficient closer to experimental results and has a mean relative deviation (MRD) of 5.4 % whereas mean absolute relative deviation (MARD) of 20.72%.Hence in present work the effort has been made to find better model to predict the condensation heat transfer coefficient which can fit the experimental data with least MRD and MARD.
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Hwang, Won-Sik, and Jeong-Dong Lee. "Interindustry Knowledge Transfer and Absorption via Two Channels: The Case of Korea." Global Economic Review 43, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1226508x.2014.920239.
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MA, YING, and ABDUL RAUF. "INDIGENOUS INNOVATION, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND THE EXPORT PERFORMANCE OF CHINA’S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES." Singapore Economic Review 65, no. 05 (May 24, 2019): 1349–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590819400034.
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Although a well-established link is observable in the existing literature on innovation–export interplay, there is a lack of research investigating the distinct impact of a variety of channels for domestic innovation and foreign technology spillovers on export performance in a unified framework. This paper uses a two-digit 1998–2013 panel dataset to empirically investigate the impact of domestic innovation efforts, innovation capability, foreign knowledge spillovers and technology transfer on export performance of large-and-medium-sized industrial enterprises (LMEs) in China. We find that: First, domestic innovation efforts significantly promote industrial export performance, while there is lack of highly-skilled human capital in China which restricts the favorable impact of innovation on exports; Second, technology imported from foreign countries have increased export competitiveness in China. Furthermore, innovative activities of foreign enterprises have led to export boom and this spillover channel experience has a stronger effect on export than one emanating from imported technology; Third, on the whole, foreign knowledge spillover channels have been more effective drivers of export performance than domestic innovation efforts. Fourth, calculations based on contribution to trade balance indicator witness a recent increase in the domestic content of industrial exports in China.
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Lutakwa, Joly N., and Sanjana Brijball Parumasur. "Perceptions of knowledge transfer of foreign African doctors practicing in South African provincial hospitals." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 2 (2012): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i2c5art1.
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This study assesses the perceptions of knowledge transfer of foreign African doctors, practicing in South African provincial hospitals relating to the process, barriers, channels and importance of knowledge transfer practices in the organization. A sample of 62 foreign African doctors practicing in South African provincial hospitals was drawn using snowball sampling. Data was collected using a self-developed questionnaire whose psychometric properties were statistically determined. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results indicate that foreign African doctors believe that in their hospital environments there are different barriers to knowledge transfer. Whilst the biographical profiles of these doctors do not significantly influence their perceptions of knowledge transfer, the latter is significantly impacted upon by the importance given to knowledge transfer practices in the organization and the different barriers to knowledge transfer. Strategies for enhancing knowledge sharing are recommended.
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Yang, Wen-Jei, Shin Fann, and John H. Kim. "Heat and Fluid Flow Inside Rotating Channels." Applied Mechanics Reviews 47, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 367–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3111084.
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Power generation and refrigeration accomplished by means of rotating or reciprocating machinery. One of the basic elements of rotating machinery is the rotating channel system. With the desire for ever increasing efficiency in power generation and refrigeration, higher or lower operating temperatures are achieved. It has provided motivation for the pursuit of knowledge on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. This paper reviews the literature pertinent to studies of fluid flow and/or heat transfer in channel flows subjected to radial rotation, parallel rotation, and coaxial revolution. Special problems unique to rotating systems are discussed and future study areas are suggested.
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BILOUS, O. "SYSTEM OF REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS TO PROMOTE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER TO THE NATIONAL ECONOMY BASED ON INTERACTIVE MODEL." Economic innovations 23, no. 3(80) (August 20, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.3(80).21-32.
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Topicality. In modern conditions, science and technology play a decisive role in the effective development of the economies of advanced countries. At the same time, in Ukraine during the years of independence science has lost its influence on socio-economic development due to the lack of an effective system for converting research results into concrete economic achievements, and the state's inability to create the necessary conditions and incentives for knowledge transfer from scientific sphere to production. In contrast to the domestic practice of regulation, which is based on the linear model of innovation process (or "technology push" model), when innovation is understood as a process that begins with a new scientific research, progresses sequentially through the stages of development, production and successful sale of new products, processes and services in the market, in modern knowledge economy dominates an interactive model of innovation. According to this model innovations arise from the interaction between producers and consumers who share both codified and implicit knowledge, and knowledge transfer is considered as a complex, systematic process that involves interaction between different participants in the innovation process and involves the exchange and joint creation of knowledge. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to form the proposition for the application of the system of regulatory instruments for scientific knowledge transfer to the national economy, according to the interactive model, which is based on the best practices of developed countries, namely: identification and characterization of the factors that determine the application of the system of instruments; classification of tools for regulating the transfer of scientific knowledge according to various criteria; formulation of proposals for the use of tools to stimulate the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders, depending on the knowledge transfer channel and the type of tool, in accordance with the linear and interactive models. Research results. The article examines the main factors that determine the use of a system of tools to regulate the transfer of scientific knowledge to the national economy on the basis of an interactive model, in particular: levels of regulation (supranational, national, regional, institutional); knowledge transfer channels (publications, protection of intellectual property rights; joint and contract research; scientific expertise; mobility of scientists; creation of spin-off companies); the latest trends in regulation (departure from linear models in favor of interactive; departure from static practices in favor of dynamic; digital transformation); diversification of regulatory tools (depending on the country's competitive advantages, research, industry). Tools for stimulating the interaction of knowledge transfer stakeholders are proposed, depending on the model of knowledge transfer and the knowledge transfer channel that corresponds to it, in particular, financial instruments - economic transfers from the state to firms, universities or research institutes, provided that they cooperate; regulatory tools - aimed at stimulating the various parties involved in the transfer of knowledge, including regulations affecting intellectual property rights, obtaining degrees by scientists, etc.; soft tools (tools for shaping the environment) - focused on facilitating relations between stakeholders, mobilization, networking, integration, building trust. Conclusion. The promotion of scientific knowledge transfer activities in Ukraine should be done through the implementation of an interactive regulatory model, which is to introduce a system of instruments to create a favorable environment for the exchange and joint creation of knowledge through financial, regulatory incentives for knowledge transfer stakeholders. Taking into account interactive approaches to knowledge transfer will contribute to the development of modern knowledge economy in Ukraine, and will speed up its integration into the global economic space on an innovative basis.
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Golichenko, O. "Models of Development Based on Technology Diffusion." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2012): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-4-117-131.
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The problems of multifold increase of technological potential of developing countries are considered in the article. To solve them, i.e. to organize effectively tapping into global knowledge and their absorption, the performance of two diffusion channels is considered: open knowledge transfer and commercial knowledge transfer. The models of technological catching-up are investigated. Two of them are found to give an opportunity of effective use of international competition and global technology knowledge as a driver of technology development.
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Solopova, O. A. "Communication space in the library and information sphere." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2019-2-31-41.
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Specific features of the communication space in the library and information sphere are discussed. The communication process players and factors are named. The communication space scheme for the library and information sphere is proposed. The scheme comprises: library and information staff, target audience (users), partners, and regulatory authorities. The formal and informal communication channels are characterized and compared with their advantages and drawbacks named. Several procedures for choosing communication channels relevant to target audience are proposed to increase effectiveness of the communication process and validity of communicant-recipient information transfer. Optimum communication channel selection stages and factors are characterized. Communication barriers due to wrong communication channel and their negative consequences for the communication process are described. Knowledge of the communication space in the library and information sphere and communication channel selection algorithm enables to exclude the communication barriers.
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Park, Sangyong, and Yong Seok Heo. "Knowledge Distillation for Semantic Segmentation Using Channel and Spatial Correlations and Adaptive Cross Entropy." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 4616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164616.
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In this paper, we propose an efficient knowledge distillation method to train light networks using heavy networks for semantic segmentation. Most semantic segmentation networks that exhibit good accuracy are based on computationally expensive networks. These networks are not suitable for mobile applications using vision sensors, because computational resources are limited in these environments. In this view, knowledge distillation, which transfers knowledge from heavy networks acting as teachers to light networks as students, is suitable methodology. Although previous knowledge distillation approaches have been proven to improve the performance of student networks, most methods have some limitations. First, they tend to use only the spatial correlation of feature maps and ignore the relational information of their channels. Second, they can transfer false knowledge when the results of the teacher networks are not perfect. To address these two problems, we propose two loss functions: a channel and spatial correlation (CSC) loss function and an adaptive cross entropy (ACE) loss function. The former computes the full relationship of both the channel and spatial information in the feature map, and the latter adaptively exploits one-hot encodings using the ground truth labels and the probability maps predicted by the teacher network. To evaluate our method, we conduct experiments on scene parsing datasets: Cityscapes and Camvid. Our method presents significantly better performance than previous methods.
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Lupton, Nathaniel, and Paul Beamish. "Organizational structure and knowledge-practice diffusion in the MNC." Journal of Knowledge Management 18, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 710–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-11-2013-0448.
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Purpose – This study aims to examine the interaction of formal and informal cross-border knowledge-sharing practices of four large multinational corporations (MNCs) in aerospace, software, IT services and telecommunications industries. The goal was to determine the manner in which coordination and control mechanisms facilitated knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies comprised secondary data and semi-structured interviews with corporate headquarters and subsidiary managers in large MNCs conducted in the USA, Canada, Mexico, China, India and Eastern Europe. Findings – The primary finding of this study is that knowledge transfer mechanisms arise as a result of both formal and informal structures of the MNC. Formal structures which create either mutual dependencies or occasions for knowledge exchange facilitate transfer. Formal structure which inhibits knowledge transfer can be overcome by knowledge brokers and evaluation metrics. Research limitations/implications – These findings suggest that knowledge transfer is more informal than formal, but that MNC headquarters does play a role, intended or not, through shaping the interdependencies among geographically distributed units. Managers should be mindful of both the manner in which tasks and the organization are structured, as these have an indirect impact on the development of knowledge channels. Originality/value – This paper investigates the role of organizational structure and its effect, both intended and unintended, on the transfer of knowledge-based practices. While knowledge transfer has been heavily researched, this study examines the phenomenon at a finer-grained level of analysis.
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Dang, Quyen T., Pavlina Jasovska, Hussain Gulzar Rammal, and Katie Schlenker. "Formal-informal channels of university-industry knowledge transfer: the case of Australian business schools." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 17, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2019.1589395.
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Selimefendigil, Fatih, Hakan F. Öztop, and Ali J. Chamkha. "Role of magnetic field on forced convection of nanofluid in a branching channel." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 30, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 1755–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-10-2018-0568.
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Purpose Numerical study of nanofluid forced convection within a branching channel was performed under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. The purpose of this study is to enhance the heat transfer performance of the separated flow at the branching channel with the use of magnetic field and nanofluid. The use of magnetic field and enhancement in both the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity with the inclusion of the nanoparticles provides favorable thermophysical properties of the nanofluid when it used as a heat transfer fluid in a branching channel. The results of this study may be used to control the thermal performance in a branching channel and further optimization studies in the presence of magnetic field. Design/methodology/approach Galerkin weighted residual finite element method was used for the simulations. The numerical simulation results are performed by changing the inclination angle of the lower branching channel (between 0° and 90°), thermophysical properties of the fluid via inclusion of nanoparticles (between 0 and 0.04), Reynolds number (between 100 and 400) and magnetic field strength (Hartmann number changes between 0 and 15). Findings It was observed that the recirculation zones and reattachment length of the upper and lower branching channels are affected by the variation of those parameters. Reattachment lengths increase with the augmentation of the Reynolds number and deterioration of the Hartmann number. Average Nusselt number becomes higher for higher values of Hartmann number and solid particle volume fraction. Inclusion of the nanoparticle to the base fluid is very effective for the configuration with higher values of Hartmann number. An optimum value of the inclination angle of the lower branching channel is observed, beyond which heat transfer rate is significantly reduced due to the establishment of a large vortex in the upper branching channel and restriction of the fluid motion. Originality/value In this study, forced convection of nanofluid flow in a branching channel under the effect of magnetic field was numerically studied. Magnetic field effects with nanoparticle inclusion to the base fluid on the convective heat transfer was analyzed for various inclination angles of the lower branching channel. Flow separation at the junction of the channels and thus convective heat transfer rate are influenced by the variation of these parameters. There are many studies related to application of the magnetic field with nanofluids, and a few of them are related to configurations with separated flows. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there exist no studies for the application of nanofluids and magnetic field for the convective heat transfer in a branching channel. This topic is of importance as there are many engineering applications of the branching channels.
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Bekkers, Rudi, and Isabel Maria Bodas Freitas. "Analysing knowledge transfer channels between universities and industry: To what degree do sectors also matter?" Research Policy 37, no. 10 (December 2008): 1837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2008.07.007.
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Schaeffer, Véronique, Sıla Öcalan-Özel, and Julien Pénin. "The complementarities between formal and informal channels of university–industry knowledge transfer: a longitudinal approach." Journal of Technology Transfer 45, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-018-9674-4.
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Corti, M., C. LA Terra, C. Fanciulli, and A. Niro. "Convective heat transfer CFD analysis of forced flow through a half-stadium serpentine mini-channel at low Reynolds number." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2177, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2177/1/012011.
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Abstract Spiral and serpentine channels are a very interesting solution to enhance heat transfer in small or miniaturized heat exchangers. In order to properly design these devices, of course, it is essential having a good knowledge of heat transfer characteristics of forced flow through this kind of ducts. However, the data base in open literature is rather lacking being investigations concerning flow mainly restricted to Dean number less than 500 and specific geometric parameters. In order to overcome these limits, a CFD analysis of a laminar forced flow through serpentine mini-channels has been started using a commercial code at finite volumes, namely Ansys Fluent. In this paper, after discussing the preliminary CFD analysis carried out on a straight pipe to tune the tool, we present the results on a flow through a half- stadium serpentine mini-channel with Reynolds number ranging between 200 and 2000. As thermal boundary conditions, a uniform wall temperature is assumed on the flat wall of the half-stadium duct, whereas the others are adiabatic. Finally, simultaneously developing flow condition is adopted. Heat transfer performances and pressure drops have been compared with ones in the straight tube, with the same length and hydraulic diameter as the serpentine duct. The results show heat transfer capability increases due to the presence of curvature as well as an earlier transition from laminar to turbulent flow.
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Loye, Alexandre, Michel Jaboyedoff, Joshua Isaac Theule, and Frédéric Liébault. "Headwater sediment dynamics in a debris flow catchment constrained by high-resolution topographic surveys." Earth Surface Dynamics 4, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 489–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-489-2016.
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Abstract. Debris flows have been recognized to be linked to the amounts of material temporarily stored in torrent channels. Hence, sediment supply and storage changes from low-order channels of the Manival catchment, a small tributary valley with an active torrent system located exclusively in sedimentary rocks of the Chartreuse Massif (French Alps), were surveyed periodically for 16 months using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to study the coupling between sediment dynamics and torrent responses in terms of debris flow events, which occurred twice during the monitoring period. Sediment transfer in the main torrent was monitored with cross-section surveys. Sediment budgets were generated seasonally using sequential TLS data differencing and morphological extrapolations. Debris production depends strongly on rockfall occurring during the winter–early spring season, following a power law distribution for volumes of rockfall events above 0.1 m3, while hillslope sediment reworking dominates debris recharge in spring and autumn, which shows effective hillslope–channel coupling. The occurrence of both debris flow events that occurred during the monitoring was linked to recharge from previous debris pulses coming from the hillside and from bedload transfer. Headwater debris sources display an ambiguous behaviour in sediment transfer: low geomorphic activity occurred in the production zone, despite rainstorms inducing debris flows in the torrent; still, a general reactivation of sediment transport in headwater channels was observed in autumn without new debris supply, suggesting that the stored debris was not exhausted. The seasonal cycle of sediment yield seems to depend not only on debris supply and runoff (flow capacity) but also on geomorphic conditions that destabilize remnant debris stocks. This study shows that monitoring the changes within a torrent's in-channel storage and its debris supply can improve knowledge on recharge thresholds leading to debris flow.
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Qu, Weilin, Seok-Mann Yoon, and Issam Mudawar. "Two-Phase Flow and Heat Transfer in Rectangular Micro-Channels." Journal of Electronic Packaging 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1756589.
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Knowledge of flow pattern and flow pattern transitions is essential to the development of reliable predictive tools for pressure drop and heat transfer in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks. In the present study, experiments were conducted with adiabatic nitrogen-water two-phase flow in a rectangular micro-channel having a 0.406×2.032mm2 cross-section. Superficial velocities of nitrogen and water ranged from 0.08 to 81.92 m/s and 0.04 to 10.24 m/s, respectively. Flow patterns were first identified using high-speed video imaging, and still photos were then taken for representative patterns. Results reveal the dominant flow patterns are slug and annular, with bubbly flow occurring only occasionally; stratified and churn flow were never observed. A flow pattern map was constructed and compared with previous maps and predictions of flow pattern transition models. Features unique to two-phase micro-channel flow were identified and employed to validate key assumptions of an annular flow boiling model that was previously developed to predict pressure drop and heat transfer in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks. This earlier model was modified based on new findings from the adiabatic two-phase flow study. The modified model shows good agreement with experimental data for water-cooled heat sinks.
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Meinke, Insa. "On the comparability of knowledge transfer activities – a case study at the German Baltic Sea Coast focusing regional climate services." Advances in Science and Research 14 (June 1, 2017): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-145-2017.
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Abstract. In this article the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is discussed by accounting for external impacts. It is shown that factors which are neither part of the knowledge transfer activity nor part of the participating institution may have significant impact on the potential usefulness of knowledge transfer activities. Differences in the potential usefulness are leading to different initial conditions of the knowledge transfer activities. This needs to be taken into account when comparing different knowledge transfer activities, e.g., in program evaluations. This study is focusing on regional climate services at the German Baltic Sea coast. It is based on two surveys and experiences with two identical web tools applied on two regions with different spatial coverage. The results show that comparability among science based knowledge transfer activities is strongly limited through several external impacts. The potential usefulness and thus the initial condition of a particular knowledge transfer activity strongly depends on (1) the perceived priority of the focused topic, (2) the used information channels, (3) the conformity between the research agenda of service providing institutions and information demands in the public, as well as (4) on the spatial coverage of a service. It is suggested to account for the described external impacts for evaluations of knowledge transfer activities. The results show that the comparability of knowledge transfer activities is limited and challenge the adequacy of quantitative measures in this context. Moreover, as shown in this case study, in particular regional climate services should be individually evaluated on a long term perspective, by potential user groups and/or by its real users. It is further suggested that evaluation criteria should be co-developed with these stakeholder groups.
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DIETSCH, DAMIEN, and RIM KHEMIRI. "IMPACT OF THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE OBTAINED THROUGH INFORMAL EXCHANGES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INNOVATION PROJECTS: FOR THE ENRICHMENT OF INBOUND OPEN INNOVATION PRACTICES." International Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 06 (August 2018): 1850045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919618500457.
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This study aims to examine the relationship between the acquisition of knowledge through informal channels and performance of innovation projects. We propose that three forms of informal knowledge exchange, namely, knowledge sharing, knowledge presentation and knowledge transfer, positively impact the perceived performance of innovation projects. A survey of 360 individuals involved in innovation projects whose answers were analysed with PLSs reveals that knowledge, obtained through knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer with third parties outside the company by informal route and the simultaneous use of an innovation intermediary as part of these informal exchanges, positively impacts the three elements that have been chosen to measure the operational performance of innovation projects, namely, cost, time and quality. These results provide major contributions to the academic and managerial point of view and open up new vistas for research that derived directly from the demonstration that open innovation not only has to relay on formal agreements, but also to take into account the informal way of knowledge acquisition.
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Munch, E. M., K. M. Summers, G. Ryan, J. D. Kapfhamer, B. Collura, and G. D. Adamson. "Knowledge acquisition in the digital age: which information channels are associated with choosing single embryo transfer?" Fertility and Sterility 104, no. 3 (September 2015): e352-e353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.1098.
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Kernohan, William George, Mary Jane Brown, Cathy Payne, and Suzanne Guerin. "Barriers and facilitators to knowledge transfer and exchange in palliative care research." BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 23, no. 4 (June 25, 2018): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2017-110865.
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In order to ensure the effective transfer of research knowledge to those who can effect positive changes in practice, models of knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) are required. Limited evidence exists as to how palliative care researchers use existing models to support their practice and to what extent they are perceived as effective. We set out to identify factors that influence KTE planning and implementation through semistructured interviews with experienced palliative care researchers in Ireland. Issues around KTE were drawn out through thematic analysis. Nine interviews were held with investigators on eight research projects. Ten themes were identified and categorised as either barriers or facilitators to KTE. Perceived barriers included inadequate time and funding, limited institutional capacity, competing priorities, weak communication channels and negative perceptions of palliative care. Perceived facilitators included dedicated time and resources, aligned priorities, strong professional networks, multipronged approach and KTE experience. In order to improve the quality, acceptability and reach of palliative research, it is vital that researchers improve their understanding of KTE within the context of palliative care, moving beyond academic dissemination to achieve research-informed practice by overcoming barriers to KTE through facilitated action. This study provides an overview of factors that influence KTE planning and implementation among palliative care researchers.
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Ciotu, Cosmin I., Christoforos Tsantoulas, Jannis Meents, Angelika Lampert, Stephen B. McMahon, Andreas Ludwig, and Michael J. M. Fischer. "Noncanonical Ion Channel Behaviour in Pain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (September 15, 2019): 4572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184572.
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Ion channels contribute fundamental properties to cell membranes. Although highly diverse in conductivity, structure, location, and function, many of them can be regulated by common mechanisms, such as voltage or (de-)phosphorylation. Primarily considering ion channels involved in the nociceptive system, this review covers more novel and less known features. Accordingly, we outline noncanonical operation of voltage-gated sodium, potassium, transient receptor potential (TRP), and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide (HCN)-gated channels. Noncanonical features discussed include properties as a memory for prior voltage and chemical exposure, alternative ion conduction pathways, cluster formation, and silent subunits. Complementary to this main focus, the intention is also to transfer knowledge between fields, which become inevitably more separate due to their size.
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Arza, Valeria. "Channels, benefits and risks of public–private interactions for knowledge transfer: conceptual framework inspired by Latin America." Science and Public Policy 37, no. 7 (August 1, 2010): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3152/030234210x511990.
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OREKHOV, SESHII. "TECHNOLOGY OF VIRTUAL PRODUCT PROMOTION." Computer systems and information technologies, no. 3 (April 14, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2021-5-7.
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The results of our research over the past ten years in the field of search engine optimization on the Internet indicate the creation of a new information technology - virtual promotion. The main goal of virtual promotion is to increase the level of sales of goods or services due to technologies that exist in cyberspace. His main idea is to form a so-called market map. This is a new online sales scheme based on the customer's travel map in cyberspace. This scheme is based on the principle that you earn when you attract a new customer. Then the costs are paid by attracting new customers. That is, the more customers your web content attracts, the more you earn. Therefore, to generate income you need to use WEB services to attract potential customers. Existing product promotion techniques are constantly being improved or new ones are emerging. Therefore, the purpose of the new technology is the formation of new designs from WEB services that ensure maximum efficiency of the process of attracting new customers and retaining existing ones. At the same time it is necessary to consider classical structures of formation of marketing sales channels. We will assume that virtual promotion is an information environment where there are two channels. The first channel has the function of distributing knowledge about the product. The second is product marketing. The first channel forms the technology of information transfer (knowledge) about the product in cyberspace. It concentrates actions on transportation, storage and retrieval of information about a product or service depending on the needs of a potential buyer. Another channel is a network of websites, channel telegrams, marketplaces and video blogs. In other words, the marketing channel is formed by real firms that buy and sell information or knowledge about goods or services in cyberspace. Thus, the task is to form a map of virtual promotion, which describes the structure of the marketing channel of the product through the virtual space.
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SÁEZ, JUAN C., VIVIANA M. BERTHOUD, MARÍA C. BRAÑES, AGUSTÍN D. MARTÍNEZ, and ERIC C. BEYER. "Plasma Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins: Their Regulation and Functions." Physiological Reviews 83, no. 4 (October 2003): 1359–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00007.2003.
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Sáez, Juan C., Viviana M. Berthoud, María C. Brañes, Agustín D. Martínez, and Eric C. Beyer. Plasma Membrane Channels Formed by Connexins: Their Regulation and Functions. Physiol Rev 83: 1359-1400, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00007.2003.—Members of the connexin gene family are integral membrane proteins that form hexamers called connexons. Most cells express two or more connexins. Open connexons found at the nonjunctional plasma membrane connect the cell interior with the extracellular milieu. They have been implicated in physiological functions including paracrine intercellular signaling and in induction of cell death under pathological conditions. Gap junction channels are formed by docking of two connexons and are found at cell-cell appositions. Gap junction channels are responsible for direct intercellular transfer of ions and small molecules including propagation of inositol trisphosphate-dependent calcium waves. They are involved in coordinating the electrical and metabolic responses of heterogeneous cells. New approaches have expanded our knowledge of channel structure and connexin biochemistry (e.g., protein trafficking/assembly, phosphorylation, and interactions with other connexins or other proteins). The physiological role of gap junctions in several tissues has been elucidated by the discovery of mutant connexins associated with genetic diseases and by the generation of mice with targeted ablation of specific connexin genes. The observed phenotypes range from specific tissue dysfunction to embryonic lethality.
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Eberle, Jonathan, Thomas Brenner, and Timo Mitze. "Public Research, Local Knowledge Transfer, and Regional Development: Insights from a Structural VAR Model." International Regional Science Review 43, no. 6 (August 12, 2019): 555–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160017619863466.
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This article estimates the regional economic effects of public research activities. In order to identify the underlying transmission channels from knowledge creation to the regional environment, the empirical identification strategy goes beyond traditional partial effects analyses and studies the complex linkages between public research, innovativeness, and regional development on the basis of a structural vector autoregressive model. A particular focus is thereby set on assessing whether the effects of local public research activity differ by the type of research actors (universities, technical colleges, and public research institutes). The empirical results indicate that an increase in the volume of (public) third-party funding to technical colleges is associated with a rise in the regional investment and employment rate as well as the human capital stock. Increasing public third-party funding to both universities and technical colleges positively affects the regional patent activity, the employment rate, and per workforce output. In comparison, the empirical results provide limited evidence for regional economic effects stemming from an increase in local knowledge creation measured in terms of scientific publications. Here, only variations in the publication rate of public research institutes can be linked to positive private sector investment and employment effects.
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Tambunan, Tulus Tahi Hamonangan. "Technology Transfer and Diffusion among Manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (April 10, 2006): 72–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v24i2.817.
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It is evident everywhere that in manufacturing industry, levels of productivity are higher in large enterprises (LEs), including foreign-owned firms or multinational companies (MNCs), than in small and medium enterprises (SMEs), partly because the former enterprises enjoy higher levels of technological capacity. Thus, for SMES, increased productivity might be facilitated through a scaling-up of knowledge or technology. The case study of the Tegal metalworking industry in Central Java presented in this article shows that the most important channels for the diffusion of knowledge/technology among domestic manufacturing SMEs include subcontracting arrangements with foreign direct investment (FDI). However, the importance of FDI as a source of technology/knowledge varies across the differing types of domestic firms. This study also shows that government agencies are currently the largest providers of training and similar assistance for manufacturing SMEs in the country. Such programmes, however, are rendered less effective by a low level of coverage, a lack of effective evaluation and assessment, and a supply rather than a demand orientation.
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Kuttim, Merle. "The role of spatial and non-spatial forms of proximity in knowledge transfer." European Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 468–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2015-0126.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to advance the comprehension of the role that geographic proximity plays in relation to non-spatial proximity in the context of international university-industry knowledge transfer. Design/methodology/approach The paper is designed as a multiple-case study. It looks at selected instances of contract research at Tallinn University of Technology that represents a typical technical university in Central and Eastern Europe characterised by relatively short period of market economy and university-industry cooperation. Findings The results indicate that there emerge different configurations of proximity nationally and internationally. In case of domestic cooperation cognitive (education), organisational, social and institutional (institutional setting) proximity exist simultaneously with geographic proximity. International cooperation is characterised by lack of geographical proximity, but the existence of cognitive and social proximity indicating a substitution. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to analysing instances of contract research and relations between spatial and non-spatial forms of proximity. Further research could consider the differences between various channels of knowledge transfer and address the relationship between non-spatial forms of proximity. Originality/value The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by using proximity dimensions operationalised at aggregate and individual levels to study the university knowledge network. It is proposed in this paper that attention has to be paid to distinguishing between organisational and individual levels of analysis and their differing results. Proximity at organisational level does not necessarily translate into proximity between individuals and vice versa.
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Azagra-Caro, Joaquín M., David Barberá-Tomás, Mónica Edwards-Schachter, and Elena M. Tur. "Dynamic interactions between university-industry knowledge transfer channels: A case study of the most highly cited academic patent." Research Policy 46, no. 2 (March 2017): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.11.011.
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Okui, Kaori, Yoshihiro Sawada, and Takehito Yoshida. "“Wisdom of the Elders” or “Loss of Experience” as a Mechanism to Explain the Decline in Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Case Study on Awaji Island, Japan." Human Ecology 49, no. 3 (June 2021): 353–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00237-w.
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AbstractPrevious studies have reported that older people are more knowledgeable about nature than the younger generation. The relationship between people’s age and level of knowledge can be explained via two mechanisms: knowledge increases with age (wisdom of the elders), and opportunities to acquire knowledge decrease with successive generations (loss of experience). In this study, we examined the association between age and knowledge regarding the use of wild fruits among people living on Awaji Island in Japan. Analysis of the results revealed that the decline in knowledge among young people can be attributed to loss of experience. Furthermore, we found that the channels of knowledge transfer have changed between generations, earlier, children received it from their peers, but in recent years, it has been coming to them from older people and teachers.
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Kumar, Bimlesh, Gopu Sreenivasulu, and Achanta Rao. "Radial Basis Function Network Based Design of Incipient Motion Condition of Alluvial Channels with Seepage." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10098-010-0010-4.
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Radial Basis Function Network Based Design of Incipient Motion Condition of Alluvial Channels with SeepageIncipient motion is the critical condition at which bed particles begin to move. Existing relationships for incipient motion prediction do not consider the effect of seepage. Incipient motion design of an alluvial channel affected from seepage requires the information about five basic parameters, i.e., particle sized, water depthy, energy slopeSf, seepage velocityvsand average velocityu.As the process is extremely complex, getting deterministic or analytical form of process phenomena is too difficult. Data mining technique, which is particularly useful in modeling processes about which adequate knowledge of the physics is limited, is presented here as a tool complimentary to model the incipient motion condition of alluvial channel at seepage. This article describes the radial basis function (RBF) network to predict the seepage velocity vs and average velocityubased on experimental data of incipient condition. The prediction capability of model has been found satisfactory and methodology to use the model is also presented. It has been found that model predicts the phenomena very well. With the help of the RBF network, design curves have been presented for designing the alluvial channel when it is affected by seepage.
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Haji-Sheikh, A. "Estimation of Average and Local Heat Transfer in Parallel Plates and Circular Ducts Filled With Porous Materials." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 3 (June 1, 2004): 400–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1735769.
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Accurate estimation of heat transfer to a fluid passing through a porous medium located between impermeable walls is of practical interest. Generally, the numerical computation of heat transfer to porous media can become time consuming and correlations are needed to enable practitioners to determine this quantity rapidly. In this paper, correlations for two cases are considered: one when porous materials are between two parallel plates and the other when they are within a circular pipe. This presentation includes correlations for both local and average heat transfer coefficients in these two passages for incompressible laminar flow. These correlations require knowledge of local and average heat transfer for unobstructed fluid flowing through these passages with sufficient accuracy. Because existing correlations lack sufficient accuracy, this presentation includes an appendix that emphasizes correlations for heat transfer to fluids passing through unobstructed parallel plate channels and also for circular pipes.
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Lo, Yuan Hung, Tom Peachey, David Abramson, Andrew McCulloch, and Anushka Michailova. "Sensitivity of Rabbit Ventricular Action Potential and Ca2+Dynamics to Small Variations in Membrane Currents and Ion Diffusion Coefficients." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/565431.
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Little is known about how small variations in ionic currents andCa2+andNa+diffusion coefficients impact action potential andCa2+dynamics in rabbit ventricular myocytes. We applied sensitivity analysis to quantify the sensitivity of Shannon et al. model (Biophys. J., 2004) to 5%–10% changes in currents conductance, channels distribution, and ion diffusion in rabbit ventricular cells. We found that action potential duration andCa2+peaks arehighly sensitiveto 10% increase in L-typeCa2+current;moderately influencedby 10% increase inNa+-Ca2+exchanger,Na+-K+pump, rapid delayed and slow transient outwardK+currents, andCl−background current;insensitiveto 10% increases in all other ionic currents and sarcoplasmic reticulumCa2+fluxes. Cell electrical activity is strongly affected by 5% shift of L-typeCa2+channels andNa+-Ca2+exchanger in between junctional and submembrane spaces whileCa2+-activatedCl−-channel redistribution has the modest effect. Small changes in submembrane and cytosolic diffusion coefficients forCa2+, but not inNa+transfer, may alter notably myocyte contraction. Our studies highlight the need for more precise measurements and further extending and testing of the Shannon et al. model. Our results demonstrate usefulness of sensitivity analysis to identify specific knowledge gaps and controversies related to ventricular cell electrophysiology andCa2+signaling.
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Dudekula, Usen, and Purnachand N. "Linear fusion approach to convolutional neural networks for facial emotion recognition." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i3.pp1489-1500.
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Facial expression recognition is a challenging problem in the scientific field of computer vision. Several face expression recognition (FER) algorithms are proposed in the field of machine learning, and deep learning to extract expression knowledge from facial representations. Even though numerous algorithms have been examined, several issues like lighting changes, rotations and occlusions. We present an efficient approach to enhance recognition accuracy in this study, advocates transfer learning to fine-tune the parameters of the pre-trained model (VGG19 model ) and non-pre-trained model convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the task of image classification. The VGG19 network and convolutional network derive two channels of expression related characteristics from the facial grayscale images. The linear fusion algorithm calculates the class by taking an average of each classification decision on training samples of both channels. Final recognition is calculated using convolution neural network architecture followed by a softmax classifier. Seven basic facial emotions (BEs): happiness, surprise, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and neutral facial expressions can be recognized by the proposed algorithm, The average accuracies for standard data set’s “CK+,” and “JAFFE,” 98.3 % and 92.4%, respectively. Using a deep network with one channel, the proposed algorithm can achieve well comparable performance.
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Gurkov, Igor, and Zokirshon Saidov. "Communications between managers of manufacturing units of multinational corporations." International Journal of Organizational Analysis 25, no. 5 (November 6, 2017): 894–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-12-2016-1097.
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Purpose The paper identifies the factors that shape the intensity and perceived effectiveness of communications between heads of manufacturing units of multinational corporations (MNCs). Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a survey of heads of MNCs’ manufacturing subsidiaries in Russia. Findings The authors found that the intensity of most inter-unit communication channels depends on the speed and magnitude of the changes experienced by manufacturing subsidiaries in products and production technologies. The assessment of the efficiency of a communication channel with high media richness strongly correlates to the intensity of its use. Practical implications Subsidiary managers are quickly mastering most easy-to-use channels (i.e. e-mail exchange, talking on the phone, reading corporate magazines) by themselves, but are minimizing their participation in time-consuming activities (i.e. corporate-wide and special conferences, arranging informal meetings with foreign peers) unless they have to manage rapid changes in products and production technologies. Thus, to intensify the voluntary use of inter-unit channels with high media richness, headquarters should instill in subsidiary managers the value of cooperation between manufacturing units. Moreover, the effectiveness of inter-unit channels with high media richness should be properly demonstrated to subsidiary managers to assuage their initial reluctance. Originality/value This paper presents communications between manufacturing units of multinational corporations not as the transfer of abstract knowledge but as routine processes of exchange of detailed information on valuable improvements of the existing practices and solutions to technical and organizational problems common in facility development and mastering new products.
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Nicholson-Crotty, Sean, and Sanya Carley. "Information Exchange and Policy Adoption Decisions in the Context of U.S. State Energy Policy." State Politics & Policy Quarterly 18, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532440018759466.
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A persistent question in the literature on policy adoption and diffusion focuses on the ways in which jurisdictions gather policy information. Decades of research have offered numerous conclusions regarding knowledge transfer mechanisms assumed to drive diffusion. While important, we suggest that the characteristics of existing work may have limited what we know about the exchange of policy information among peers. Most studies infer learning indirectly, and as a result, the literature has tended to focus on exchange between geographic and ideological peers, to the exclusion of other channels. As an alternative, this study takes a more direct approach and draws on a survey of 112 U.S. expert informants in the area of energy policy. We use the information exchange channels revealed by these informants to predict the diffusion of state renewable portfolio standards and electricity deregulation among the American states to determine whether they offer explanatory leverage beyond the “traditional” channels.
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Geer, A. J., and F. Baordo. "Improved scattering radiative transfer for frozen hydrometeors at microwave frequencies." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2014): 1839–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1839-2014.
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Abstract. To simulate passive microwave radiances in all-sky conditions requires better knowledge of the scattering properties of frozen hydrometeors. Typically, snow particles are represented as spheres and their scattering properties are calculated using Mie theory, but this is unrealistic and, particularly in deep-convective areas, it produces too much scattering in mid-frequencies (e.g. 30–50 GHz) and too little scattering at high frequencies (e.g. 150–183 GHz). These problems make it hard to assimilate microwave observations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, particularly in situations where scattering effects are most important, such as over land surfaces or in moisture sounding channels. Using the discrete dipole approximation to compute scattering properties, more accurate results can be generated by modelling frozen particles as ice rosettes or simplified snowflakes, though hexagonal plates and columns often give worse results than Mie spheres. To objectively decide on the best particle shape (and size distribution) this study uses global forecast departures from an NWP system (e.g. observation minus forecast differences) to indicate the quality of agreement between model and observations. It is easy to improve results in one situation but worsen them in others, so a rigorous method is needed: four different statistics are checked; these statistics are required to stay the same or improve in all channels between 10 GHz and 183 GHz and in all weather situations globally. The optimal choice of snow particle shape and size distribution is better across all frequencies and all weather conditions, giving confidence in its physical realism. Compared to the Mie sphere, most of the systematic error is removed and departure statistics are improved by 10 to 60%. However, this improvement is achieved with a simple "one-size-fits-all" shape for snow; there is little additional benefit in choosing the particle shape according to the precipitation type. These developments have improved the accuracy of scattering radiative transfer sufficiently that microwave all-sky assimilation is being extended to land surfaces, to higher frequencies and to sounding channels.