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Fuks, Josef. "Upravitelnost povrchových vod." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226152.
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The aim of the master´s thesis is the topic of the treatability of surface water with the focus on the process of suspension formation. For this work I took water samples from five different places around the Brno Dam which has contended with water quality deterioration for a long period. With these water samples, the series of jar coagulation tests were done with the application of three different commonly used coagulants. In the theoretical part of the master´s thesis I deal with the composition and attributes of surface water and the technology of its treatment. Each process of treatment is briefly described here with the emphasis on the process of suspension formation. The experimental part of the master´s thesis summarizes and presents the results gained through the coagulation tests in the laboratory. I evaluate the influence of different parameters on final effectiveness of water treatment and I try to find an optimal amount of coagulant, pH and speed of fast or slow mixing. Finally I compare the suitability of each coagulant and the influence of the sampling site on the effectiveness of water treatment.
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Fojtíková, Radka. "Vznik mikrosuspenze perikinetickou a ortokinetickou koagulací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216203.
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This diploma thesis is focused on study of physico-chemical influences on model surface-water treatment which contain humic compounds. From those factors were monitored especially the dose of destabilizing reagent, pH value, temperature, velocity gradient of mixing and time of its duration. As destabilizing reagents were used Al2(SO4)3 .18H2O a Fe2(SO4)3 . 9H2O.
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Jelena, Prodanović. "Prirodni koagulanti iz zrna pasulja (Phaseolus vulgaris) u obradi vode." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=92759&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je bio da se ispita mogućnost dobijanja prirodnihkoagulanata iz zrna pasulja koji bi se koristili u obradi različitih voda i otpadnih voda. U okviru izvedenih eksperimenata su utvrđeni najbolji uslovi za ekstrakciju prirodnih koagulanata iz pasulja, određen je hemijski sastav sirovih ekstrakata dobijenih na različite načine, proverena je trajnost i određen način čuvanja sirovih ekstrakata i ispitan uticaj različitih parametara na koagulacionu aktivnost sirovih ekstrakata.S obzirom na to da su prirodni koagulanti organskog porekla, oni povećavaju sadržaj organskih materija u tretiranoj vodi, pa su u okviru rada ispitane i upoređene različite metode prečišćavanja sirovog ekstrakta pasulja, a zatim određen uticaj sirovog ekstrakta i prečišćenih koagulanata na sadržaj organskih materija u obrađenoj vodi.Kako bi se ispitala efikasnost prirodnih koagulanata iz zrna pasulja u realnim vodama,oni su bili primenjeni u otpadnim vodama od proizvodnje bioetanola. Pored toga, ispitana je mogućnost njihove primene u kombinaciji sa konvencionalnim koagulantima, i na samom kraju je ispitan sastav pasulja koji preostane nakon ekstrakcije prirodnih koagulanata kako bi se utvrdilo da li je pogodan za korišćenje kaododatak stočnoj hrani.Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se iz zrna pasulja može dobiti ekstrakt visoke koagulacione aktivnosti, koji se dalje može efikasno prečistiti tako da ne povećava sadržaj organskih materija u obrađenoj vodi, već ga naprotiv smanjuje. Takođe, prirodni koagulanti iz pasulja se mogu uspešno primeniti za tretman otpadnih voda od proizvodnje bioetanola, mogu biti pomoćni koagulanti aluminijum-sulfatu, a pasulj nakon ekstrakcije prirodnih koagulanata sa destilovanom vodom se može iskoristiti kaododatak stočnoj hrani.The aim of this PhD thesis was to investigate the possibility to obtain natural coagulants from common bean which could be used for different waters and wastewaters treatment. The optimal conditions for extraction of natural coagulants from common bean, the chemical composition of crude extracts obtained in different ways and the influence of various parameters on coagulation activity of crude extracts were determined within the performed experiments. The durability of crude extracts was checked and the way of their storage defined.Considering the fact that natural coagulants are of organic origin, they increase the content of organic matter in treated water. Hence, the different methods of purification of common bean crude extract were investigated and compared, and thereafter the influence of crude extract and purified coagulants on organic matter content in treated water was determined.Natural coagulants obtained from common bean were applied in bioethanol stillages in order to explore their efficiency in real waters. Besides, the possibility of their usage combined with conventional coagulants was investigated. At the end, the composition of common bean that remains after extraction of natural coagulants was determined in order to to prove if it was appropriate as addition to feed.Obtained results showed that extract of high coagulation activity can be obtained from common bean. It can be efficiently purified so as not to increase the organic matter content of the water, but on the contrary, to decrease it. Natural coagulants from common bean can be successfully applied for treatment of wastewaters remained after bioethanol production, they can be used as coagulant aid with alum, and the common bean remained after extraction of natural coagulants with distilled water can be utilized as addition to feed.
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Pániková, Kristína. "Efekt kombinace dávkování koagulantu a flokulantu na odvodňování čistírenských kalů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391936.
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Sludge treatment and disposal are one of the most important parts of sewage treatment. These are economically challenging parts, and therefore emphasis is placed on effective dosing. The dose should be as small as possible but also the highest dry matter output. The main target of this diploma thesis is therefore to show that it is possible to achieve the same or better degree of drainage of the sludge if different flocculant/coagulant ratio is applied to the sludge. Diploma thesis deals with determination of the optimal combination of chemical doses during sludge dewatering. The thesis contains two parts, practical and theoretical. The theoretical part consists of research, overview of processed research and works in the area of sludge dewatering. The second part is a description of laboratory measurements and evaluation of results.
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Měřínská, Zuzana. "Odstranění vybraných složek z vodního prostředí koagulací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233334.
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This thesis deals with coagulation treatment of surface water with content of humic matters, drug residues and turbidity. Commonly used coagulants (ferrous and aluminous sulphate) and natural biopolymer based on chitosan that not yet used in the Czech Republic had been studied. The aim of this work was to found the optimal application of chitosan in water treatment and comparison of its coagulation efficiency with standard inorganic coagulants. Theoretical part of the thesis contains occurrence, classification, composition, properties and importance of humic matters and drug residues and furthermore properties of chitosan and its using in water treatment. Experimental part summarizes the obtained results from the laboratory coagulation tests with inorganic coagulants and with chitosan leading to determination of its optimal dose. Other coagulation experiments were focused on finding the possibilities of combine the two coagulants (ferrous sulphate and chitosan) and to find their optimum doses and suitable ratio. The influence of pH on water treatment with using coagulation was also studied.
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Tatjana, Kuljanin. "Bistrenje soka šećerne repe primenom alternativnih koagulanata i flokulanata." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2008. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71293&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Pri proizvodnji kvalitetnog belog konzumnog šećera iz šećerne repe, srećemo se sa problemom prisustva makromolekularnih jedinjenja u soku šećerne repe koja su štetna pa ih je neophodno odstraniti. Uklanjanje ovih jedinjenja, koja čine oko 60 % od ukupno sadržanih nesaharoznih materija u soku šećerne repe, zasniva se na principu taloženja uz primenu različitih koagulanata (najčešće jedinjenja koja sadrže pozitivne jone kalcijuma). Međutim, afinitet vezivanja kalcijuma sa nepoželjnim makromolekulima iz soka šećerne repe je mali, pa su potrebne velike količine ovog jedinjenja u svakodnevnoj proizvodnji šećera.Cilj istraživanja obuhvaćenih ovom doktorskom disertacijom usmeren je ka primeni alternativnih koagulanata sa dvo- i trovalentnim katjonima, pre svega soli aluminijuma i bakra koja izlazivaju proces razelektrisavanja makromolekula soka šećerne repe. Merenjem elektrokinetičkih potencijala utvrđene su optimalne količine koagulanata potrebne za uspešnu koagulaciju makromolekularnih jedinjenja iz soka šećerne repe. Ispitivan je i uticaj drugih procesnih veličina kao što su pH, koncentracija makromolekula i uticaj brzine mešanja na efikasnost taloženja makromolekula. Predložen je mehanizam razelektrisavanja makromolekularnih jedinjenja kao i model dvojnogelektričnog sloja koji okružuje koloidne čestice u soku šećerne repe. Ispitivana su dva model-rastvora komercijalno raspoloživih pektina u koncentracijama koje odgovaraju koncentracijama u soku šećerne repe kao i jedan model-rastvor proteinskog preparata. Ispitivani sistemi su tretirani rastvorima CuSO4 i Al2(SO4)3 i rastvorima njihovih smeša u različitim odnosima. Dokazano je, za sva tri ispitivana preparata, da su manje količine Cu+2 jona u odnosu na Al+3 jone potrebne za sniženje vrednosti Zeta potencijala na nulu. Međutim, zbog mogućih nepoželjnih efekata CuSO4 u obradi hrane, Al(SO4)3 bi se mogao upotrebiti umesto tradicionalnog koagulanta CaO, kako zbog manje potrošnje koagulanta, tako i zbog očuvanja životne sredine. Cilj eksperimenata sa smešama je ispitivanje mogućnosti poboljšanja koagulacionih karakteristika često korišćene soli Al2(SO4)3, dodavanjem malih količina Cu+2 jona. Međutim, čiste soli su pokazale bolja koagulaciona svojstva. Istraživanja sa flokulantima, odnose se na odabiranje najpogodnijeg tipa i optimalne količine flokulanata, uz primenu predloženih koagulanata. Najveća efikasnost čišćenja soka šećerne repe, uočena je nakon primene anjonskog flokulanta koncentracije 3 mg/dm3. Dokazano je da ovaj tip flokulanata dodatno smanjuje vrednost Zeta potencijala prisutnih makromolekula čime se smanjuje potrebna količina ispitivanih koagulanata CuSO4 i Al(SO4)3. During production of full quality consumed white sugar from sugar beet, there is a problem of the presenceof macrom olecular compounds in sugar beet juice, which are harmful and we have to be removed.Separation ofthese compounds, which make around 60% oflotal non-sucrose compounds in sugar beetjuice,is done by the principle of sedimentation with different types of coagulants (mostly compounds with calciumion). However, affinity of calcium binding with undesirable macromolecules fiom sugar beet juice is notsignificant and in that way it is necessary a lot of quantities of this compound throughout daily production ofsugar.The aim of this doctoral thesis is to consider the application of alternative coagulants with divalent andtrivalent cations, especially the salt of aluminum and cooper, which cause the process of dischargeablemacromolecules in sugar beet juice.Optimal quantities of coagulants needing for the efficient coagulation of macromolecules compounds fromsugar beet juice were determined by means of measuring of electrokinetic potentials. It was investigated theinfluence of other process variables such as pH, concentration of macromolecules and the impact of speedmixing on the efficiency of sedimentation of macromolecules.Mechanism of discharge of macromolecules compounds as well as the model of double electric layersurrounding colloidal particles in sugar beetjuice are suggested for sugar beetjuice clarification.Two model solutions of pectin are investigated together with one model solution of protein. Theirconcentration correspond to concentration of these macromolecules in sugar beet juice. All investigatedsystems were treated by using both solutions of CuSO4 as well as Al2(SO4)3 and slutions of their mixtures indifferent proportion.It was proven for all three investigated samples that fewer quantities of Cu+2 ions compared to the values ofAl+3 ions are needed to reach zero Zeta potential. However, due to possible undesirable effects of CuSO4 onfood processing, Al2(SO4)3 is proposed instead of traditional coagulant CaO, not only because of lowerconsumptions of coagulants but owing to protection of the environment.The objective in the experiments with mixtures was to investigate enhancement of coagulated characteristicswith commonly used salt Al2(SO4)3 by adding small quantities of Cu+2 ions. It was proven that pure saltsshowed better-coagulated properties.Further investigation was focused to selection of the most appropriate type and optimal quantity of chosenflocculants. The highest efficiency of clarification of sugar beet juice was noticed by applying anionflocculants of concentration 3 mg/dm3. It was shown that this type of flocculants additionally decreased thevalue of Zeta potential of present macromolecules which further reduce required quantity of investigatedcoagulants CuSO4 and Al2(SO4)3.
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Cassel, Cornelia. "Untersuchung zu Vorkommen und Bedeutung von koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken in Viertelgemelksproben." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99600579X/04.
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Böttcher, Reingard. "Zur Differenzierung koagulase-negativer Staphylokokken vom Lidrand und der Bindehaut des menschlichen Auges." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972341552.
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Van, der Walt Nicolene. "Investigation into the occurrence of the dinoflagellate, Ceratium hirundinella in source waters and the impact thereof on drinking water purification / van der Walt N." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7292.
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The Ceratium species occurring in the Vaal River since 2000, was identified as Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Müller) Dujardin as proposed by Van Ginkel et al (2001). Ceratium hirundinella is known to cause problems in drinking water purification and has been penetrating into the final drinking water of Rand Water since 2006. Ceratium hirundinella is associated with many other water purification problems such as disrupting of the coagulation and flocculation processes, blocking of sand filters and algal penetration into the drinking water. Ceratium hirundinella also produce fishy taste and odorous compounds and causes discolouration of the water.
The aims of this study were to determine the main environmental factors which are associated with the bloom formation of C. hirundinella in the source water and to investigate the influence of C. hirundinella on the production of potable water. In order to optimise treatment processes and resolve problems associated with high C. hirundinella concentrations during the production of potable water, jar testing and chlorine exposure experiments were performed.
Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine the main environmental variables behind C. hirundinella blooms. Ten years data (2000 - 2009) from the sampling point C–VRB5T in the Vaal River, (5 km upstream from the Barrage weir) were used for this investigation, because C. hirundinella occurred there frequently during the ten year period. In this study, it was found that C. hirundinella was favoured by high pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), orthophoshapte (PO4), and silica concentrations, as well as low turbidity and low dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations. No correlation was found between C. hirundinella and temperature, suggesting that this alga does not occur during periods of extreme warm or extreme cold conditions, but most probably during autumn and spring. The results of the multivariate statistical analysis performed with historical data from Vaalkop dam, indicate that the dinoflagellate C. hirundinella seems to be favoured by low temperature and turbidity, and high DIN, Fe, Methyl–orange alkalinity, Cd, PO4, Conductivity, pH, hardness and SO4 concentrations.
In order to optimise treatment processes such as coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, jar testing experiments were performed to investigate different coagulant chemicals namely: cationic poly–electrolyte only, cationic poly–electrolyte in combination with slaked lime (CaO) and CaO in combination with activated silica. Water from four different sampling localities were chosen to perform the different jar testing experiments: 1) sampling point M–FOREBAY (in the Forebay, connecting the canal to the Zuikerbosch Purification plant) near Vereeniging due to its proximity to the Zuikerbosch treatment plant, 2) M–CANAL_VD (upstream from the inflow of the recovered water from Panfontein) to determine the influence of (if any) the recovered water from Panfontein on Forebay source water, 3) source water from Vaalkop Dam (M–RAW_VAALKOP) and 4) source water from Rietvlei Dam (water from both Vaalkop and Rietvlei Dams contained high concentrations of C. hirundinella at that time of sampling) to determine which coagulant chemical is the most effective in removing high concentrations of C. hirundinella cells during the production of drinking water.
The jar testing experiments with Vaalkop Dam and Rietvlei Dam source water (rich with C. hirundinella) indicated that using cationic poly–electrolyte alone did not remove high concentrations of C. hirundinella efficiently. However, when CaO (in combination with cationic poly–electrolyte or activated silica) were dosed to Vaalkop Dam source water a significant decrease of C. hirundinella concentration was observed. This indicates that the C. hirundinella cells were “shocked or stressed” when exposed to the high pH of the CaO, rendering it immobile and thereby enhancing the coagulation and flocculation process. However, when 10 mg/L CaO in combination with poly–electrolyte was dosed to Rietvlei Dam source water the turbidity and chlorophyll–665 results indicated that this coagulant chemical procedure was ineffective in removing algal material from the source water.
The jar testing experiments using the cationic poly–electrolyte alone or cationic poly–electrolyte in combination with CaO on M–FOREBAY and M–CANAL_VD source water, showed a decrease in turbidity, chlorophyll–665 concentration, and total algal biomass, with an increase of coagulant chemical. When CaO in combination with activated silica was dosed, the inherent turbidity of the lime increased the turbidity of the Vaalkop Dam, M–FOREBAY and M–CANAL_VD source water to such an extent that it affected coagulation negatively, resulting in high turbidity values in the supernatant. Regardless of the turbidity values, the chlorophyll–665 concentration and total algal biomass (C. hirundinella specifically in Vaalkop Dam source water) decreased significantly when CaO was dosed in combination with activated silica. Therefore it was concluded that a cationic poly–electrolyte alone is a good coagulant chemical for the removal of turbidity, but when high algal biomass occur in the source water it is essential to add CaO to “stress” or “shock” the algae for the effective removal thereof. However, when CaO in combination with activated silica was dosed to Rietvlei Dam source water a decrease in turbidity and chlorophyll–665 concentration was found with an increasing coagulant chemical concentration. These results confirm the fact that coagulant chemicals may perform differently during different periods of the year when water chemistry changes and that certain coagulant chemicals may never be suitable to use for certain source waters.
For the effective removal of algae during water purification, it is recommended that cationic poly–electrolyte in combination with CaO are used as coagulant chemical at the Zuikerbosch Water Purification Plant. Turbidity is not a good indication of algal removal efficiency during jar testing experiments. If problems with high algal concentrations in the source water are experienced it is advisable to also determine the chlorophyll–665 concentrations of the supernatant water during the regular jar testing experiments, since it will give a better indication of algal removal.
Chlorine exposure experiments were performed on water from Vaalkop Dam (M–RAW_VAALKOP) and Rietvlei Dam source water, to determine the possibility of implementing pre– or intermediate chlorination with the aim to render the cells immobile for more effective coagulation. The chlorine exposure experiments with Vaalkop Dam and Rietvlei Dam source water showed similar results. The chlorine concentration to be dosed as part of pre– or intermediate chlorination will differ for each type of source water as the chemical and biological composition of each water body are unique. When the effect of chlorine on the freshwater dinoflagellate C. hirundinella was investigated, it was found that the effective chlorine concentration where 50 % of Ceratium cells were rendered immobile (EC50) was approximately 1.16 mg/L for Vaalkop Dam source water. For the source water sampled from Rietvlei Dam, it was found that the EC50 was at approximately 0.87 mg/L. Results of analyses to determine the organic compounds in the water after chlorination revealed that an increase in chlorine concentration resulted in increase in total organic carbon concentration (TOC), as well as a slight increase in MIB and trihalomethanes (CHCl3). Pre– or intermediate chlorination seem to be an effective treatment option for the dinoflagellate C. hirundinella to be rendered immobile and thereby assisting in its coagulation process. The use of pre– or intermediate chlorination to effectively treat source waters containing high concentrations of C. hirundinella is a viable option to consider. However, the organic compounds in the water should be monitored and the EC50 value for each source water composition should be determined carefully as to restrict cell lysis and subsequent release of organic compounds into the water.Thesis (M.Sc. (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Reinholm, Sanna. "Fenotypning med Phene Plate system av koagulas-negativa stafylokocker isolerade från centrala venkatetrar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11039.
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Koagulas-negativa stafylokocker (KNS) klassas som en viktig del av hudens normalflora. Vid skador på hudens barriär som en inläggning av centrala venkatetrar (CVK) innebär kan dock KNS få tillträde till normalt sterila lokaler där de kan orsaka infektion. Vid utodling av borttagna CVK från patienter resistensbestäms bara några enstaka kolonier vilket gör det lätt att missa förekomst av flera olika stafylokock-kloner. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ofta en eller flera olika KNS-kloner förekommer på CVK från patienter, samt om det förekommer gemensamma kloner av KNS på CVK från olika patienter. Kolonier från CVK prov analyserades med den biokemiska fingerprintingmetoden Phene Plate-system (PhP). Resultatet visade 37 stycken CVK prov innehållande en klon, 23 stycken prov där det fanns 2 separata kloner, samt 6 prov med 3 kloner. Jämförelsen av kolonier ur prov från olika patienter resulterade i kluster med många gemensamma PhP-typer. I de 3 största klustren fanns 31, 15, respektive 8 kolonier representerande olika patienter. Den betydande andelen polyklonala CVK prov leder till risken att missa en mer resistent klon vilket då kan få konsekvensen felaktig antibiotikabehandling av patient. Att många patientprov hade en gemensam KNS-klon tyder på spridning av speciellt virulenta stammar inom sjukhus.
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Cassel, Cornelia [Verfasser]. "Untersuchung zu Vorkommen und Bedeutung von Koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken in Viertelgemelksproben / eingereicht von Cornelia Cassel." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997098457/34.
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Haase, Berit Christin [Verfasser]. "Immunologische und klinische Einflussfaktoren von Infektionen mit koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken in der Neonatologie / Berit Christin Haase." Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1020114452/34.
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Vymazalová, Kamila. "Srovnání různých modifikací koagulačních testů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216407.
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In the theoretical part of diploma thesis is elaboreted literary search relating to problems with using of various modifications of coagulation tests. The experimental part of diploma thesis is focused on comparison of three types of coagulation tests during treatment of model water with increased content of humic matter. Concretly was compared classic jar test, modified jar test and centrifugation test. As a coagulant was used ferric sulphate. The efficiency of treatment was tested under various conditions (temperature, time of fast mixing and intensity of slow mixing). Information capability of results was evalueted on the basis of absorbance by 254 nm and 387 nm, residual concentration of iron and dichromate value. Obtained results were numerically processed and they are presented in the form of tables and graphs.
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Ehrenberg, Andrea. "Kulturmorphologische, biochemische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zur Differenzierung Koagulase-negativer Staphylokokken, isoliert aus Hälftegemelksproben von Ziegen und deren Bedeutung für die Eutergesundheit." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-70090.
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Alle laktierenden Ziegen aus 12 hessischen Milchziegen-Betriebe wurden über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren beprobt. 83,6 % der 2038 Hälftegemelksproben waren kulturell negativ. 10,7 % der bakteriologisch positiven Proben waren Koagulase-negative Staphylokokken. Zur KNS-Differenzierung wurden Kulturmorphologie, ID32 Staph-Test, in-vitro-Sensitivität gegenüber Antibiotika und die t-DNA-PCR angewandt. Keines dieser Verfahren konnte alleinig zur Identifizierung der KNS-Isolate erfolgreich angewandt werden, nur die Kombination der Verfahren war zielführend. Nachgewiesen wurden die Spezies S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. hyicus, S. saprophyticus, S. chromogenes, S. lentus, S. xylosus und S. hominis. Weiterhin wurde nach Methoden gesucht, um die subklinische Mastitis der Ziege diagnostizieren zu können. Hier erscheint der Vergleich der Zellzahl beider Euterhälften einer Ziege geeignet, um eine subklinische Mastitis abgrenzen zu können. Aufgrund der erhöhten Zellzahl, der Erregernachweis in Reinkultur sowie des Vergleichs mit der kultur-bakteriologisch negativen Euterhälfte erscheint die ätiologische Bedeutung der nachgewiesenen KNS-Isolate als Mastitiserreger der Ziege wahrscheinlichAll lactating goats out of 12 hessian Dairy-goat-farms were being tested over a period of 2 years. 83,6 % of 2038 half-milk-samples were bacteriological negative. 10,7 % of the bacteriological positive samples were Coagulase-negative staphylococci. For KNS-differentiation morphology of culture, ID 32 Staph Test, in-vitro-sensitivity against antibiotics and t-DNA-PCR were evaluated. None of these methods could be used alone to identify the CNS isolates, the combination of the methods led to results. The species S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. simulans, S. hyicus, S. saprophyticus, S. chromogenes, S. lentus, S. xylosus and S. hominis were found. Further it was searched for methods to diagnose subclinical mastitis of goats. The comparison of cell amount of both udder halfs of a goat seems to be adequate to diagnose subclinical mastitis. Because of increased cell amount, proof of agent in pure culture and comparison with the bacteriological negative udder half the etiological impact of the detected CNS-Isolates as causative agents of goat-mastitis is likely
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Hambálková, Kateřina. "Odstraňování mikropolutantů při úpravě pitné vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216363.
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Intrusion of pharmaceuticals into surface and drinking water is nowadays a problem, that is solved all over the world. This diploma thesis is focused on the removal of pharmaceuticals from water by coagulation. The efficiency of two coagulant agents - chitosan and ferric sulphate was compared. For comparison was used adsorption on a granular-activated-carbon. Efficiency of removal was investigated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPLC.
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Heinze, Juliane [Verfasser]. "Unterschiede im Auftreten von Euterinfektionen mit Staphylococcus aureus und Koagulase-negativen Staphy-lokokken und deren Auswirkungen auf die Milchleistung in Thüringer Rinderbeständen / Juliane Heinze." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068591048/34.
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Kubalík, David. "Možnosti zlepšení agregace a separace suspenze při úpravě pitné vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216952.
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This work is focused on improvement of particle formation and separation processes in drinking water. These include the comparison of the dynamics of different coagulation reagents (aluminum sulphate and ferric sulphate) to find the optimal dose of coagulant. During centrifugation test is important to find such a setting centrifuge where we get the best results. In this work we studied the influence of the total mineralization at the optimum dose of coagulant.
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Ehrenberg, Andrea [Verfasser], Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Sobiraj, Axel [Gutachter] Sobiraj, and Axel [Gutachter] Wehrend. "Kulturmorphologische, biochemische und molekularbiologische Untersuchungen zur Differenzierung Koagulase-negativer Staphylokokken, isoliert aus Hälftegemelksproben von Ziegen und deren Bedeutung für die Eutergesundheit / Andrea Ehrenberg ; Gutachter: Axel Sobiraj, Axel Wehrend ; Betreuer: Axel Sobiraj." Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/123789414X/34.
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Heiderscheidt, E. (Elisangela). "Evaluation and optimisation of chemical treatment for non-point source pollution control:purification of peat extraction runoff water." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526213200.
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Abstract Chemical treatment is considered best available technology for purification of peat extraction runoff in Finland, due to its capability to remove dissolved organic carbon (DOC), suspended solids and nutrients. However, lack of optimisation and adaptation of this method for purification of diffuse pollution sources, e.g., peat extraction runoff, has led to significant fluctuations in purification efficiency. This thesis evaluated the suitability of commercially available coagulants for the treatment of typically humic water. Inorganic (ferric sulphate, aluminium sulphate and a mixed product) and organic (polyDADMAC, polyamine, chitosan and tannin products) coagulants were studied. Investigations included assessment of required dosage and the influence of process parameters (pollutant concentration, mixing, water pH and temperature) on coagulant performance. In addition, the process conditions in existing treatment systems were examined in field experiments aimed at identifying possible factors affecting purification. Ferric sulphate (FS) was the most effective of the coagulants tested. It produced excellent flocs and achieved higher removal efficiency, particularly for DOC, than the other coagulants. However, the dosage required for FS was significantly higher than for e.g., polyDADMAC and chitosan. Moreover, samples treated with FS displayed high iron concentration and acidic pH. The organic polymers achieved satisfactory results, but further research is needed before they can become viable alternatives to metal salts. The quality of peat extraction runoff water was found to vary significantly. It was also observed that variations in DOC concentration, even for particulate rich samples, controlled coagulant dosage and, consequently, treatment efficiency. For inorganic coagulants, mixing provided during flocculation had a more significant influence on purification than mixing provided during coagulation. This is relevant hence in now existing treatment facilities no mixing is employed during flocculation. Based on the research conducted, suggestions were formulated for process optimisation aimed at reducing variations in purification efficiency, thus increasing the reliability of the method and reducing related environmental impactsTiivistelmä Turvetuotannon valumavesien käsittelyssä yksi parhaista käyttökelpoisistatekniikoista on kemiallinen käsittely, koska se pystyy poistamaan valumavedestä liukoista orgaanista hiiltä (DOC), kiintoainetta ja ravinteita. Tästä huolimatta kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointia ei ole tehty hajakuormitukselle, kuten turvetuotannon valumavesille, minkä seurauksena valumavesien puhdistustuloksissa on suurta vaihtelua. Tässä väitöstyössä tutkittiin markkinoilla saatavilla olevien kemikaalien sopivuutta turvetuotannon humuspitoisille valumavesille. Tutkimuksessa testattiin epäorgaanisia (ferrisulfaatti, alumiinisulfaatti ja näiden sekoitus) ja orgaanisia (polyDADMAC, polyamiini, kitosaani ja tanniinipohjaisia polymeerejä) koagulanttikemikaaleja. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin koagulanttien annostarpeet sekä erilaisten prosessiparametrien (vedenlaatu, sekoittaminen, pH ja lämpötila) vaikutus koagulanttien toimintaan. Laboratoriotutkimusten lisäksi väitöstyö sisälsi kenttämittauksia turvetuotannon valumavesien tyypillisten kemiallisen vesienkäsittelyn prosessiparametrien selvittämiseksi. Tutkituista koagulanteista rautasulfaatti oli tehokkain. Se tuotti hyvin laskeutuvaa flokkia ja poisti parhaiten valumavesien orgaanista ainesta. Rautasulfaatti vaati kuitenkin selkeästi suuremman annostuksen kuin esimerkiksi polyDADMAC ja kitosaani. Lisäksi puhdistettuun veteen jäi paljon rautaa ja vesi oli hapanta. Orgaanisilla kemikaaleilla saavutettiin myös kohtalainen/melko hyvä puhdistustulos, mutta lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan ennen kuin ne voivat olla vaihtoehtona epäorgaanisille kemikaaleille. Turvetuotannon valumaveden laatu vaihteli paljon. Valumaveden orgaanisen aineen määrän vaihtelulla oli suurin vaikutus kemikaalin annostukseen ja puhdistustulokseen. Sekoituksista kemiallisen käsittelyn flokkulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella oli suurempi vaikutus puhdistustulokseen kuin koagulaatiovaiheen sekoituksella. Tutkituilla turvetuotantoalueilla ei kuitenkaan ollut tällä hetkellä riittävää sekoitusta flokkulaatiovaiheessa. Tässä väitöstyössä esitetään parannuksia kemiallisen käsittelyn optimointiin paremman ja vakaamman puhdistustuloksen aikaansaamiseksi humuspitoisille vesille
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Leskovjanová, Jana. "Agregační reakce chitosanu využitelné při úpravě pitné vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216387.
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The diploma thesis deals with treatment of surface waters containing humic substances. The most often used method of surface water treatment is coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates. In this study, only perikinetic coagulation phase was studied. It is the phase when aggregates are formed by the Brownian motion only, i.e. without mixing. Separation of the formed aggregates was made by centrifugation. Coagulation tests were made under the laboratory conditions with model humic water. Humic substances were added from a concentrate, which was taken from a natural peatbog. The influence of temperature on the coagulation process was studied, ranging from 5 to 22 °C. Chitosan (natural biopolymer) was used as coagulant. In present, it is not used in Czech water treatment practice yet. No effect of temperature was observed when chitosan was used as coagulant. Influence of temperature was also studied with the use of aluminium and ferrous sulphates, which are used in common praxis as coagulation reagents. Influence of the temperature was observed and is in agreement with previously reported data of pilot-plant experiments by other researchers. Spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the coagulation efficiency and determine residual concentration of aluminium and ferrous coagulant. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined for optimal doses. At first, coagulation tests were made under the laboratory temperature. This tests determined optimal aggregation time and optimal coagulant dose under low temperature. Afterwards, all coagulants used were compared at given temperatures.
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Hanušová, Veronika. "Optimalizace využití vratné vody na úpravně vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371920.
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The first part of this diploma thesis deals with knowledge of chosen technological devices in water treatment plants gathered from Czech and foreign literature. The thesis continues by linking the information gathered to the water treatment plant in Švařec for which a plan to increase the sludge water volume reuse was researched and formed. Furthermore, financial assessment of this plan was completed.
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Pavlíčková, Žaneta. "Vliv parametrů sýřeniny na vybrané ekonomické ukazatele výroby sýrů s bílou plísní." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216212.
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The theme of this diploma thesis is the monitoring of influences on economic aspect of the production of the blue cheese "Hermelín" in the company Pribina. The objective was to specify the dependencies of the deviations of the features of productive cow's milk and of cheese curd made from it and their economics impacts. For this purpose, the analyses of curd grain, whey and cheeses just formed were executed. The samples were taken and analyzed during the manufacturing of cheeses in the factory. Another goal was to try to design a quick operational method for measuring the firmness of curd grain, which is a factor theoretically dependent on renneting qualities of milk and indicating losses of valuable components from cheese curd to whey. The firmness of grain along with these losses may cause negative deviations from required standard of final products, especially at parametres needed for entry of cheeses on sale, such as total solids, weight or content of fat. Concerning productive pasteurize milk, the most attention was focused on the milk coagulation time and its influence on successive phases of manufacturing and on final product. Milk coagulation time is an essential technological quality of milk and it is participant on quantitative and qualitative production of cheese factory. It has been proved that milk coagulation time is notably affected by its titrating acidity, statistic analyse found this influence as very statistically significant (P
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Klus, Michal. "Závislost derivovaného fibrinogenu na hodnotách DH u APTT a QUICK(PT) metody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220026.
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Hemocoagulation, blood coagulation, is an important indicator of hemostatic balance in the human body. There are many ways how to investigate blood clotting. In practice, next to the tests investigating time of coagulation cascade from view of internal way (APTT – activated partial tromboplastin time) and external way (PT – prothrombin time) is often used determining of fibrinogen concentration by Clauss method. Derived fibrinogen method determined fibrinogen concentration, too, by subtracting form the clotting curve in PT test. The reaction for Clauss method is not necessary here. Derived fibrinogen is not used much in practice. This is the reason, why the thesis related to this project will try to find relationship between concentration of fibrinogen and standard tests APTT and PT. Clinical data will be used for this.
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Pešout, Jakub. "Provozně technický stav objektů separace na úpravnách vody." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227682.
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The goal of this thesis was to determine the operational and technical parameters of the separation objects in water treatment. The first part is a theoretical and provides basic information on this issue. The second part contains the evaluation criteria created by the obtained information for individual objects and gained in practice by personal visits of selected treatment plants of water. In the last part we can find application of these criteria in water treatment in practice. There is also included the final evaluation of the researched condition.
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Frank, Yvonne. "Die subklinische Staphylokokkenmastitis - Sanierungsversuch in einem sächsischen Milchviehbetrieb über die Einführung von zwei Vakzinen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-193534.
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In einer sächsischen Milchviehanlage mit etwa 1800 Milchkühen, deren Tankmilchzellzahl, infolge vermehrten Auftretens von Euterinfektionen mit S. aureus als Leitkeim längerfristig über 300.000 Zellen/ml aufwies, wurden zwei Vakzinen eingesetzt. Die Erwartungshaltung lautete, dass mit den Impfungen die Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten von S. aureus- und KNS-bedingten Mastitiden bei Färsen und bei Kühen bis zur Geburt und auch danach sinken. Es wurde vor allem erwartet, dass bei den geimpften Tieren die Zellzahlen langfristig erniedrigt bleiben und sich folglich die Eutergesundheit durch die Vakzinationen verbessert.
Anhand der Gesamtgemelkszellzahlen (GZZ) der letzten drei Milchleistungsprüfungen (MLP) a. p. und der zytobakteriologischen Befunde einer Beprobung auf Viertelebene wurden die Kühe (n=416) in Statusgruppen eingeteilt. In Statusgruppe 2 befanden sich eutergesunde Kühe (n=112). Tiere (n=146) mit moderat erhöhten Viertel- (VZZ) und GZZ, die auf mindestens einem Viertel bakteriologisch positiv waren, wurden in Statusgruppe 3 zusammengefasst. Die Statusgruppe 4 bildeten Kühe (n=158), die durch stark erhöhte GZZ und VZZ charakterisiert waren und ggf. bakteriologisch positiv waren. Färsen (n=181) wurden in Statusgruppe 1 zusammengefasst. Alle Tiere mussten klinisch gesund sein, Färsen sollten eutergesund erscheinen.
Als Impfstoffe wurden Startvac® (HIPRA Deutschland GmbH, Düsseldorf), eine kommerzielle Vakzine gegen S. aureus, KNS, Escherichia coli und coliforme Keime, sowie eine bestandsspezifische Vakzine (Bestvac Rind Mastitis®, IDT Biologika GmbH, Dessau-Rosslau) basierend auf S. aureus-Isolaten aus Mastitismilchen des Bestandes eingesetzt. Nach dem Zufallsprinzip wurden die Tiere innerhalb der Statusgruppen den Impfgruppen oder der Kontrollgruppe zugeteilt. Die erste Vakzination wurde einen Tag nach dem Trockenstellen vorgenommen (bei Färsen an vergleichbaren Trächtigkeitstagen), die zweite Vakzination erfolgte ca. 31 Tage vor dem errechneten Kalbedatum. Um den 53. Tag p. p. fand die dritte Impfung statt. Zytobakteriologische Beprobungen aller Tiere auf Viertelebene wurden am Tag 5 sowie am Tag 52 p. p. vorgenommen. Außerdem wurden während der Laktation die monatlichen MLP-Daten sowie jene zu tierärztlichen Behandlungen der in der Studie befindlichen Kühe sowie Abgänge und Abgangsursachen erfasst.
Innerhalb der Statusgruppen gab es zwischen den Vakzinationsgruppen und den Kontrolltieren bezogen auf die VZZ zu den Beprobungszeitpunkten 5 und 52 sowie auf die GZZ aus den MLPs der gesamten Laktation keine nennenswerten Unterschiede. Die Erregerprävalenzen zu den genannten Zeitpunkten nebst deren Verlauf und jene der zytobakteriologischen Diagnosen, erbrachten nur punktuell signifikante Unterschiede, die in der Summe aber keine anhaltende Tendenz erkennen ließen, die auf das bessere Abschneiden einer Vakzinationsgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe hindeuten würde. Zum gleichen Ergebnis gelangen die Auswertungen der Inzidenzraten, klinische Mastitisdaten und jene der Abgangsursachen im Anschluss an die Vakzinationen.
Zusammenfassend hatte der Einsatz der bestandsspezifischen Vakzine Bestvac Rind Mastitis® sowie des Impfstoffes Startvac® mit EU-Zulassung bezogen auf die Zellzahlenentwicklung, die Inzidenz- und Prävalenzraten von S. aureus und KNS, die Behandlungsdauer und den Schweregrad von Mastitiden sowie die Heilungsraten im Vergleich zur Placebo-Gruppe in keiner der Statusgruppen erkennbare positive Effekte auf die Eutergesundheit.
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Václavíková, Kateřina. "Sledování ukazatelů jakosti syřidel v průběhu skladování." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166818.
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Auerová, Markéta. "Technologický postup výroby čerstvých sýrů s využitím rostlinných syřidel." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179707.
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This work is focused on issue of manufacture of fresh cheeses with using plant coagulants.Cheese is milk product, which is produced by precipitation of milk protein by rennet or other suitable coagulant agents. Plant extracts have been used to coagulate milk in antiquity, although there are very few knowledges of their properties. A lot of interest in vegetable coagulants was in 1960, when the increasing consumption of cheese was not enough of animal rennet. The literary section described the manufacture of cheese, characteristic of different type of coagulant and properties of different plant coagulants, which are used in different parts of the world. The aim of practical part was made fresh cheeses coagulated by plant extracts. The cheeses coagulated at different temperatures. It was measured pH and mass of arising cheese. It was also carried out microbiological analysis of cheeses, plant coagulants and milk. The work concentrated mainly on optimizing the temperature coagulation of milk and cheese properties.
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Načeradská, Jana. "Koagulace organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335643.
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This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Čapek, Marek. "Matematické modelování procesu koagulace krve." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404579.
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On vessel wall injury the complex process of blood coagulation is set off. It is composed of vasoconstriction, primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis and fibrinolysis. This work enriches current model of primary hemostasis of Storti. The previous model used ALE formalism for tracing of development of platelet plug. The phase field method is used for tracing of the development of interface blood-thrombus. Storti's primary hemostasis was extended to capture the fact, that the platelets can be activated in the blood flow in the area of reactive surface not only by influence of chemical agents like thromboxane, ADP and thrombin but also by their exposure to elevated values of shear stress. In our first approach we deal the emerging thrombus as a fluid with very high viscosity. In the second approach it was assumed, that platelet plug develops as a viscoelastic material according to constitutive equations of clot introduced by Kempen. In this manner platelet clot matures into blood clot. In both approaches the blood is represented as a non-Newtonian fluid. The framework of the phase field method was applied also to the model of high shear rate thrombosis of Weller. Weller's original model of Weller took advantage of the cylindrical symmetry of computational domains for its computations, hence the...
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Ptáčková, Veronika. "Sledování změn koagulace během fyziologické gravidity." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-292602.
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This project monitored changes of coagulation during physiological pregnancy by metering of choice coagulation parameters. Includes also the summary of coagulation changes near gravid women and complications that are may their owing to come. For change monitoring was measured value of Protrombin test (PT), Activated parcial tromboplastine test (APTT) and level of fibrinogen (FBG) and D-dimer (DDI) near healthy of gravid women in time up to 20., 30. and 40. week of pregnancy. Metering was effected on Dade Behrings analyzer in haematology laboratory CHL and TC General faculty hospital Prague. Outcomes were statistically processed. Was found, that the value of coagulation tests PT (P=0,0793) and APTT (P=0,1232) not show during pregnancy any relevant changes, happens only to their mild fall in terms of physiological divide. On the contrary, level FBG (P<0,0001) and DDI (P=0,0311) during pregnancy increased. Values of all parameters depend on a week pregnancy. Pregnancy is hypercoagulation state, which is effected above all decrease fibrinolytic activities and products of placenta. Imbalance among for- and anticoagulative action is able to make many complications, threating mother also fetus. Hypercoagulation conditions bear to also found increased levels of FBG and DDI.
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Lukeš, Jan. "Koagulace neproteinové složky látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368062.
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The diploma thesis deals with characterizing properties of non-proteinaceous cellular organic matter (COM) of green alga Chlorella vulgaris in connection with its coagulation using aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. As a part of this work, interaction mechanisms were also studied. It has been found out that non-proteinaceous COM of Chlorella vulgaris is made up by saccharides (25 % DOCNP, 21 % of dry biomass of non- protein matter) and other unspecified non-protein substances. It has been found out by fractionation of molecular weights that non-protein COM is formed primarily by substances with MW < 3 kDa and substances with MW > 100 kDa. Coagulation by aluminium sulphate taken place in interval pH 5 - 8,5 and coagulation by polyaluminiumchlorid taken place in interval pH 7 - 10 depending on coagulation agent dose. The maximum DOC removals were 17 - 22 % depending on selected coagulation agent, on its dose and pH. Polyaluminiumchloride showed higher DOC removal rates than aluminium sulphate. The highest effectiveness of coagulation was in the area of neutral pH for both agents. In all the coagulation tests the values of residual concentrations of aluminium were higher than the hygienic limit for drinking water (0.2 mg.L-1 ). Primarily high-molecular matter was removed by coagulation and...
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Kasperová, Jana. "Syndrom diseminované intravaskulární koagulace v intenzivní medicíně." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-282581.
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We have conducted a retrospective study on disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) in critical care. The theoretical part of the study focusses on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, ethiology, clinical features, laboratory diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and medical complications of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and describes the major therapeutic approaches. The aim of this study is to determine the etiology and outcome of the treatment of 29 patients hospitalized because of a DIC diagnosis in General University Hospital in Prague between January 2006 and December 2009, to analyse the changes of the laboratory test values over time, to see if there is any correlation between the chosen variables, and to assess confidence in the diagnosis of DIC according to the ISTH criteria for the diagnosis of DIC. The hypotheses that there will not be a significant difference between the gender, age and the laboratory values of DIC patients, that the mortality of septic patients with DIC will be a minimum of 50 %, and that the correlation between age, gender and the laboratory values in DIC patients will not be significant, were confirmed. On the contrary, the hypothese that the platelet count of all the DIC patients will be smaller or equal to 100 x 109 /l, prothrombin time (INR)...
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Novotná, Kateřina. "Interakce mezi proteiny a huminovými látkami při koagulaci." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331115.
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This diploma thesis is focused on coagulation of humic substances (HS) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) protein which was chosen as a representative of proteins contained in AOM (Algal Organic Matter). Additionally, possible interactions between these compounds were also investigated. It was found that the optimal dosage of coagulant is much higher for HS compared to BSA. The best removal of both HS and BSA was reached in slightly acidic pH range and it is attributed mainly to charge neutralization and adsorption mechanisms. The maximum removal rate was 70 % for humic substances and 80 % for BSA. The results show that BSA has a positive effect on coagulation of HS (resulting in a lower coagulant demand) and vice versa while BSA was removed more efficiently than HS. The existence of interactions between BSA and humic substantces during coagulation was demonstrated in certain pH ranges and it can occur even without the presence of coagulant. These interactions are highly dependent on pH that determines charge properties (and hence reactivity) of organic matters. Finally, the comparison of BSA and cyanobacterial proteins shows that their behavior during coagulation is similar. Consequently, BSA can be used as a model compound representing AOM proteins, especially their high molecular weight fraction....
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Brabenec, Tomáš. "Vliv látek produkovaných sinicemi na koagulaci huminových vod." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334670.
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The diploma thesis investigates the coagulation of nature waters with humic substances and peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa during water treatment process with aluminum coagulants. It was confirmed that the efficiency of coagulation mechanism of humic substances and peptides/proteins strongly depends on the pH value, because pH value is limited factor of a charge properties of peptides/proteins, humic substances and hyrolysis products of coagulants. The optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances was 5- 6 and for cyanobacterial peptides/proteins 5-6.5. In both cases a charge neutralisation and an adsorption were dominant mechanism of coagulation. Optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances in the presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins was identical as well as optimal pH range of humic substances with absence of peptides/proteins (5-6) but the presence of peptides/proteins positively influenced particle coagulation of humic substances, because the optimal concentration of the coagulants decreased to more than half. An interaction between humic substances and peptides/proteins was demonstrated. A positive effect of coagulation was observed in the case of jar tests with absence of coagulants at a very low pH range (<4). Keywords Humic substances; AOM...
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Barešová, Magdalena. "Vliv peptidů a proteinů produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa na koagulaci." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310408.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the mechanisms involved in the coagulation of peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter produced by Microcystis aeruginosa, and to describe their influence on the coagulation of hydrophobic kaolin suspension. According to the results of jar tests, the coagulation effectiveness and removability of COM peptides/proteins and kaolin particles are heavily dependent on pH value which determines charge characteristics of peptides/proteins, kaolin and hydrolysis products of coagulant and therefore the prevailing mechanisms of interactions between them. Efficient coagulation and the highest removal of COM peptides and proteins were achieved in the pH range of 4-6 due to charge neutralization of peptide/protein negative surface by positively charged hydrolysis products of ferric coagulant. Peptides and proteins contributed to the coagulation of kaolin particles under the reaction conditions mentioned above, too. Charge neutralization and adsorption were found to be the dominant coagulation mechanisms under these conditions. At a low COM/Fe concentration ratio (COM/Fe < 0.33), adsorption of peptides/proteins onto ferric oxide-hydroxide particles, described as the electrostatic patch model, enabled the coagulation in the pH range of 6-8. On the...
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Burda, Štěpán. "Syřidla, využití rostlinných syřidel při výrobě sýrů." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150574.
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Přech, Jiří. "Vliv předoxidace manganistanem draselným na koagulaci neproteinových látek produkovaných řasou Chlorella vulgaris." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388275.
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6 Abstract: The presence of phytoplankton and its products (AOM) in source water is a current challenge in water treatment processes. The production of AOM increases with anthropogenic eutrophication of ecosystems. AOM impair the water treatment processes and may form harmful disinfection by-products. The traditional water treatment process is a coagulation, which is very efficient in removing phytoplankton cells, but this is not the case when removing some kinds of AOM. Especially its nonproteinaceous fraction with low molecular weight, which can represent majority of total organic carbon, is removed with very low efficiency. The removal of AOM by coagulation can be enhanced by preoxidation. This thesis examines the influence of preoxidation by potassium permanganate of nonproteinaceous fraction of COM of algae Chlorella vulgaris on its coagulation by aluminium sulphate and polyaluminiumchloride. To compare, solutions with nonproteinaceous COM were coagulated with and without preoxidation by five different doses of permanganate (0,025; 0,05; 0,1; 0,15 a 0,2 mg KMnO4 mg-1 DOC). The doses of permanganate and time need for oxidation (30 minutes) were determined by decreased DOC and permanganate during preoxidation experiments. The maximal DOC removals achieved both with and without preoxidation were 17 %...
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Čtveráčková, Zuzana. "Hluboká žilní trombóza a význam některých mutací v genech pro koagulační faktory." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-310824.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Zuzana Čtveráčková Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Tomáš Šimůnek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Deep vein thrombosis and role of selected mutations for the coagulation factors genes. This thesis is focused on mutations for the coagulation factors genes that can lead to deep vein thrombosis. In the first part, we describe the role of hereditary thrombophilia in the development of disease. Following is the description of each thrombophilic mutations and their meaning which is not always clear. The following mutations were detected: Factor V Leiden (G1691A), factor V R2 (H1299R), factor II prothrombin (G20210A), MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), factor XIII (V34L), PAI-1 (4G/5G) a EPCR (A4600G - haplotype A3, G4678C - haplotype A1). Most of them have been previously identified as risk factors for deep vein thrombosis, but specifically the factor XIII V34L polymorphism is considered to a protective factor. Other mutations with protective effect could be one of the genotypes of the PAI-1 and EPCR A1 haplotype. In the practical part, the samples and the results of 783 subjects were used. First part of them which was diagnosed by reverse hybridization commercial detection kit CVD Stripassay T (ViennaLab)...
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Štědrá, Karolína. "Oxidace látek produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa a její vliv na úpravu vody koagulací." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437640.
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Due to eutrophication of aquatic environment, massive growth of algae and cyanobacteria occurs and the seasonal algal bloom is formed. Drinking water treatment plants have to deal with the increased amount of cells as well as organic compounds produced by algae and cyanobacteria (so-called AOM). Moreover, the presence of AOM causes a reduction in the efficiency of coagulation, which is an essential process in drinking water treatment. To increase coagulation efficiency, supportive methods, such as ozone oxidation, are added usually prior to coagulation. While many studies focused on the ozonation of algal and cyanobacterial cells, little is known about the effect of ozonation on AOM. This diploma thesis focused on the evaluation of the effect of ozonation in combination with coagulation on the removal of cellular organic compounds (COM) produced by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The effect of ozonation before or after coagulation on COM removal was investigated. The degradation of microcystins, which are naturally contained in the COM sample, was also monitored. Various ozone doses (1 - 10 mg/L) were tested at three pH values - 5, 7 and 9. Two coagulants were utilized - aluminium sulphate and ferric sulphate. Ozonation removed COM negligibly. However, eliminated microcystins, the degradation...
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Polák, Ferdinand. "Užití trombelastografie při hodnocení koagulace u žen s fyziologicky a patologicky probíhajícím těhotenstvím." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-315743.
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The Use of Thromboelastography in Evaluation of Coagulation in Females with Physiological or Pathological Pregnancy MUDr. Ferdinand Polák Abstract Introduction: The target of this study was to compare thromboelastography coagulation parameters in the following three groups: a) healthy pregnant women, b) healthy non-pregnant women and c) pregnant women with pathological pregnancy and also to compare it to reference limits for the common population. If appropriate, we would propose recommendations for new reference ranges for pregnant women in their third trimester. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study, comparing, by using thromboelastography, the blood samples of 60 healthy women in their third trimester of pregnancy (group GRAV) to the samples of the control group of 43 healthy non-pregnant fertile women (group NON-GRAV) and to the samples of 50 women with pathological pregnancy (preeclampsia, fetal death) in their third trimester (group PATOL). Selective percentiles were used to determine new reference limits. Results and conclusions: We found statistically significant differences between groups GRAV and NON-GRAV. Therefore, we established, based on our results, new thromboelastography reference limits for pregnant women. Coagulation changes during pathological pregnancy are less...
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Cablíková, Ladislava. "Vliv apixabanu na hemostázu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411914.
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Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Bc. Ladislava Cablíková Supervisors: Ass. Prof. Mojca Božič-Mijovski, Ph.D., prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, Ph.D., RNDr. Jana Nekvindová, Ph.D. Thesis title: The Impact of Apixaban on Overall Hemostatic Potential Disorders at certain levels of the complicated haemostatic system can lead to either bleeding or excessive blood coagulation. These pathological conditions are treated with anticoagulants, which aim to correct excessive coagulation. However, traditional anticoagulant therapy has many limitations, which initiated efforts to develop oral anticoagulants with a better profile. These new-generation anticoagulants are called DOAC - Direct Oral AntiCoagulans. Apixaban, as one of xabans, has predictable pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and therefore does not require a routine laboratory monitoring of the treatment effect. Nevertheless, it still requires evaluation in urgent clinical situations. Standard coagulation screening assays, e.g., PT (prothrombin test) and APTT (activated partial thromboplastin test), do not fully reflect the actual status of the drug. Therefore, researchers aim is to find a relatively simple and fast hemostatic assay that would correlate with the actual condition...
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Barešová, Magdalena. "Vliv organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na koagulaci dalších znečišťujících příměsí přítomných v povrchových vodách." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371288.
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Drinking water treatment is facing an adverse impact of algae especially when they extensively decay and release cellular organic matter (COM). As the character and consequently the removal efficacy of COM depends on the individual species, the thesis compares algal organic matter (AOM) derived from four common phytoplankton species: green alga Chlamydomonas geitleri, diatom Fragilaria crotonensis, and cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Merismopedia tenuissima. To evaluate the differences between extracellular and cellular organic matter, we monitored the growth of those organisms and compared AOM obtained at different growth phases. As COM is not only difficult to coagulate, but also hinders the coagulation of other substances, the thesis investigates the effect of simultaneous coagulation of COM with other impurities present in surface waters: kaolin, humic substances (HS) or cyanobacterial cells of M. tenuissima. Coagulation behaviour was studied by the jar tests performed with single components and their mixtures with and without a coagulant (ferric or aluminium sulphate). Special emphasis was paid to proteinaceous COM of M. aeruginosa; to enhance the removability of proteinaceous matter we implemented pre-oxidation. Coagulation effectively removed turbidity (up to 99%) either of clay or...
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Teichmannová, Markéta. "Detekce bodových mutací v genech pro koagulační faktor V a prothrombin pomocí realtime PCR." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-272177.
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Filipenská, Monika. "Vliv organických látek produkovaných fytoplanktonem na charakter agregátů tvořených koagulací/flokulací při úpravě vody." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368037.
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Tato práce se zabývá studiem vlivu kaolinitových ástic (reprezentujících látky tvo ící zákal vody) a peptidové/proteinové složky COM (Cellular Organic Matter) produkovaných sinicí Microcystis aeruginosa na velikost, strukturu a tvar tvo ených agregát v prom nných hydrodynamických podmínkách (gradientu rychlosti) p i úprav vody. Agregace probíhala v Taylor-Couettov reaktoru. Koagulace vybraných typ zne iš ujících p ím sí (kaolinitové ástice, COM peptidy/proteiny a jejich sm s) probíhala pomocí síranu hlinitého a síranu železitého. Vzniklé agregáty byly hodnoceny ve fázi homogenní velikosti (steady state) po 60 min míchání pomocí ukazatel : velikost (polom r) agregát , fraktální dimenze D2 a Dpf a velikostní distribuce. Bylo zjišt no, že velikost agregát je závislá na typu koagula ního inidla, typu koagulované p ím si a aplikovaném gradientu rychlosti. S rostoucím gradientem rychlosti se velikost agregát zmenšuje. Železité koagula ní inidlo produkuje v tší agregáty než hlinité koagula ní inidlo. Podle p ím si roste velikost agregát v po adí kaolinit < COM < kaolinit + COM. Struktura agregát se stává kompaktn jší s gradientem rychlosti. P i použití hlinitého koagula ního inidla vznikají ve srovnání s inidlem železitým kompaktn jší agregáty (mají vyšší hodnotu D2). Kompaktnost agregát klesá v po adí...
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Horstkotte, Matthias-Ansver [Verfasser]. "Genotypische und phänotypische Nachweisverfahren der Methicillinresistenz bei Koagulase-negativen Staphylokokken / vorgelegt von Matthias-Ansver Horstkotte." 2004. http://d-nb.info/971064970/34.
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Böttcher, Reingard [Verfasser]. "Zur Differenzierung koagulase-negativer Staphylokokken vom Lidrand und der Bindehaut des menschlichen Auges / vorgelegt von: Reingard Böttcher." 2003. http://d-nb.info/972341552/34.
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Valíčková, Jana. "Porovnání metod měření syřitelnosti mléka." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-250436.
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This Master thesis called Comparison of methods for measuring milk coagulation deals with a major technological step in the production of cheese, which is the process of curdling of milk. Two methods for measuring this process were compared, particularly the visual and instrumental method utilizing nephelo-turbidimeter. Based on statistical data processing in three cases, a difference was observered between the average visual measurement and instrumental measurement of significant 99%. Furthermore, the impacts on curdling of milk were assessed what showed that the best default property for the process of curdling had a pasteurized milk sample with the addition of CaCl2. On the basis of calculations in this thesis it has been concluded that to curdle a 100 l of milk with rennet CHY-MAX a 0,2 liters of the rennet is required. The same amount of milk is curdled with 1 litre of rennet Lactochym. In assessing the economics of using rennet Lactochym and CHY-MAX it has been found that for cost optimization it is more appropriate to use rennet CHY-MAX with a strentgh of at least 190 IMCU/ml diluted in distilled water at a ratio of 1:5.
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HARTMANN, David. "Charakterizace a funkce faktoru C z klíštěte \kur{Ixodes ricinus}." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-166284.
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Factor C is a multi-domain serine protease which recognizes Gram-negative bacteria via binding to lipopolysaccharides and triggers hemolymph clotting cascade in the horseshoe crab. A closely related molecule was also found to be present in the genome of the tick Ixodes scapularis. In this work, the full sequence of Factor C ortholog from Ixodes ricinus (IrFC) was determined. IrFC is mainly expressed in tick hemocytes and the heavy chain of the activated molecules is present in tick hemolymph as confirmed by Western blotting with antibodies raised against recombinant fragments of IrFC. The function of the IrFC in tick innate immunity was assessed using its silencing by RNA interference.
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Vaněčková, Hana. "Odstraňování microcystinů při úpravě pitné vody." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-331152.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the coagulation phase in water treatment process from two perspectives, the removal of cyanotoxin microcystin and the responses of ecotoxicological indicator species Daphnia magna to different concentration of this toxin, contained in a sample of cyanobacterial water bloom, which was extracted from a dam and was dominated by cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa. The sample was administered in three environmentally relevant concentrations to 6 clones of Daphnia magna, 3 of which had previous experience with M. aeruginosa. Coagulation process was performed under optimal conditions: pH = 6.36; KNK4,5 = 0.26 mmol.l-1 ; Fe = 0.162 mg.l-1 ; DOC = 2.83 mg.l-1 using 10 ml of 0.125M NaHCO3 in two litres of ultrapure water. Individual forms of microcystin were detected in this ratio: 31.6 % MC-LR, 53.6 % MC-RR and 14.8 % MC-YR. The study has shown that under these conditions coagulation does not remove microcystin, e.g. the efficiency of the process is zero. In ecotoxicological study, with growing concentration of cyanobacterial mixture the negative impact on Daphnia magna increased. We have found interclonal variability in responses of D. magna, however, the previous experience with M. aeruginosa had no effect. With growing concentration of cyanobacterial water...
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Ewerts, Hendrik. "Laboratory-scale evaluation of different aspects related to Ceratium hirundinella removal during simulation of a conventional water treatment plant which includes sedimentation / Hendrik Ewerts." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15926.
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The freshwater dinoflagellate species, Ceratium hirundinella (C. hirundinella) possesses unique characteristics, such as a thecal-plate cell covering of cellulose, spines and flagella. Unlike most other algae and cyanobacteria, C. hirundinella cells are relatively large in size (up to 450 μm in length and 50 μm in width). These unique characteristics (e.g. cell covering and flagella) and adaptations (e.g. spines) give the dinoflagellate cells the ability to reduce their sinking rate from the euphotic zone and to migrate easily through the water column. When source water contains high concentrations of C. hirundinella cells, water treatment problems and poor aesthetic water quality can be expected. These water treatment problems may include 1) the disruption of coagulation and flocculation, 2) clogging of sand filters and 3) taste and odour problems when cells penetrate into the final water. In Chapter 9 of this study, a list of operational guidelines (including alert levels) and recommendations to assist managers and operators of plants when C. hirundinella cells are causing water treatment problems.
During events of high C. hirundinella concentrations in source water, managers and operators of conventional water treatment plants need strategies to optimize coagulants and unit processes. Thus when source water contains motile nuisance algae, such as C. hirundinella, in moderate or abundant quantities, it is advisable to conduct jar stirring test experiments using both turbidity and total photosynthetic pigment (or chlorophyll-a) analyses as indicators of appropriate coagulant choice and dosages. The aims of this study are summarized as follows:
To optimize coagulants and conventional water treatment processes by implementing relevant algal removal strategies and indicators during jar stirring test experiments,
To investigate the changes in surface charge (known as zeta potential) on C. hirundinella cells before and after adding coagulants as part of the treatment processes,
To investigate the physical and chemical impacts on the morphology of C. hirundinella cells after coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation,
To identify organic compounds that may be responsible for taste and odour problems associated with C. hirundinella,
To investigate the efficiency of pre-chlorination on the removal C. hirundinella cells when dosing various coagulants, and
Give recommendations and operational guidelines relevant for a conventional water treatment plant to improve C. hirundinella removal
A combined water treatment system (Phipps and Bird Model), consisting of a six paddle jar test apparatus and six sand filter columns, was used to simulate conventional processes (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and rapid sand filtration). Source water samples containing relatively high C. hirundinella concentrations (> 500 cell/mℓ) were collected from Benoni Lake (26º10’50.40’’S; 28º17’50.11’’ E) in plastic containers and stored as a homogenous sample in a 200 litre container under laboratory conditions (± 22 °C). Samples were collected from the source water as well as after sedimentation (from the supernatant or sludge) to determine turbidity, total photosynthetic pigment analyses (chlorophyll) and for phytoplankton analyses. Flocs (containing C. hirundinella cells) were collected from the sludge or sediment for scanning electron microscopy investigations and to perform zeta potential analyses. Concentrated C. hirundinella samples were frozen at -80 °C according to the proposed sampling protocol for organic compound analyses.
Results obtained from this study proved that using the relevant indicators to determine the appropriate coagulant dosages during jar stirring tests may generally improve the removal of problem-causing algae, such as C. hirundinella cells. Improved algal removal efficiencies will subsequently ensure final water with good aesthetic quality. The surface charge (zeta potential) on C. hirundinella cells can be used to evaluate the best coagulation conditions within an operating window of -10 mV to +3 mV when dosing various coagulants. Scanning electron microscopy investigations revealed major damaging effects to C. hirundinella cells when dosing high Ca(OH)2 concentrations. However, when dosing lower Ca(OH)2 concentrations, in combination with organic polymer, better C. hirundinella cell removal efficiencies with less damaging effects to cells was observed.
This study also indicated that the pre-chlorination, without causing cell lyses, can be applied to render the highly motile cells immobile which will subsequently assist the coagulation unit process. The aesthetic quality (e.g. tastes and odours) of drinking water may be influenced when C. hirundinella cells release organic material into the water as a result of cell lyses. Organic compounds, such as fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids can lead to taste and odour problems which associate with the presence of C. hirundinella. Organic compounds also serve as precursors for the formation of harmful chlorine by-products formed during chlorination.PhD (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015