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Journal articles on the topic 'Koala'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Guy C. Penfold, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Ros S. Leslie. "Koala mortality on roads in south-east Queensland: the koala speed-zone trial." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02029.

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In 1995, the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service, the Queensland Department of Main Roads and Redland Shire Council initiated the Koala Speed Zone Trial in the Koala Coast, south-east Queensland. The aim of the trial was to assess the effect of differential speed signs on the number of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast from 1995 to 1999. On the basis of information collected by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service 1407 koalas were hit by vehicles in the Koala Coast during the five-year study (mean 281 koalas per year, range 251–315). Monitoring of vehicl

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2

Jiang, Alex Zijian, Andrew Tribe, Clive J. C. Phillips, and Peter J. Murray. "Insights from Koala–Cattle Interaction Experiments: Koalas and Cattle May See Each Other as a Disturbance." Animals 12, no. 7 (2022): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12070872.

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Koalas are facing many threats and have now been officially listed as endangered. Recently, concerns were raised in anecdotal reports of koalas being killed by livestock, especially cattle. We investigated the significance of cattle as a threat to koala survival via two koala–cattle interaction experiments, from both the koala and cattle perspectives. In the first experiment, we recorded the ranging behaviour of free-ranging, radio-collared koalas prior to, during and after cattle grazed within their usual home range. Koalas decreased their distance travelled and the size of their home range w

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Chen, Chien-Jung, Stephen T. Anderson, Natasha Steiger, Allan McKinnon, Joerg Henning, and Rachel Allavena. "Bone biomarkers in koalas: validation of assays and preliminary analyses." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 32, no. 6 (2020): 856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638720957031.

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Traumatic injury, including bone fracture, is, to date, one of the leading causes of koala mortality in the South East Queensland region of Australia. Further, the specialist diet of koalas, which is restricted to certain Eucalyptus spp., may impact their normal bone physiology. Considering the dramatic koala population decline and high incidence of trauma, a greater understanding of koala bone physiology may support conservation. We retrieved from GenBank the protein sequences of parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OCN), and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) in human, dog, c

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Masters, Pip, Toni Duka, Steve Berris, and Graeme Moss. "Koalas on Kangaroo Island: from introduction to pest status in less than a century." Wildlife Research 31, no. 3 (2004): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03007.

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In less than a century the ecological profile of koalas on Kangaroo Island has shifted from that of a species introduced for conservation purposes to one of pest status. Between 1923 and 1925, 18 koalas were released on Kangaroo Island. Their numbers increased rapidly and in 1997 a population-control program was implemented based on a population estimate of 5000 koalas. During the course of this program, it became clear that the koala population on Kangaroo Island was much greater and more widely distributed than previously thought, hence a more comprehensive population survey was carried out.

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5

Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, and Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara. "Toll-Like Receptor Expression Profiles in Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Multiple KoRV Subtypes." Animals 11, no. 4 (2021): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11040983.

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs), evolutionarily conserved pattern recognition receptors, play an important role in innate immunity by recognizing microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Koala retrovirus (KoRV), a major koala pathogen, exists in both endogenous (KoRV-A) and exogenous forms (KoRV-B to J). However, the expression profile of TLRs in koalas infected with KoRV-A and other subtypes is yet to characterize. Here, we investigated TLR expression profiles in koalas with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C). To this end, we cloned partia

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White, Rhys T., Alistair R. Legione, Alyce Taylor-Brown, et al. "Completing the Genome Sequence of Chlamydia pecorum Strains MC/MarsBar and DBDeUG: New Insights into This Enigmatic Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Pathogen." Pathogens 10, no. 12 (2021): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121543.

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Chlamydia pecorum, an obligate intracellular pathogen, causes significant morbidity and mortality in livestock and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). A variety of C. pecorum gene-centric molecular studies have revealed important observations about infection dynamics and genetic diversity in both koala and livestock hosts. In contrast to a variety of C. pecorum molecular studies, to date, only four complete and 16 draft genomes have been published. Of those, only five draft genomes are from koalas. Here, using whole-genome sequencing and a comparative genomics approach, we describe the first t

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7

Quigley, Bonnie L., and Peter Timms. "Helping koalas battle disease – Recent advances in Chlamydia and koala retrovirus (KoRV) disease understanding and treatment in koalas." FEMS Microbiology Reviews 44, no. 5 (2020): 583–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuaa024.

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ABSTRACT The iconic Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), has suffered dramatic population declines as a result of habitat loss and fragmentation, disease, vehicle collision mortality, dog attacks, bushfires and climate change. In 2012, koalas were officially declared vulnerable by the Australian government and listed as a threatened species. In response, research into diseases affecting koalas has expanded rapidly. The two major pathogens affecting koalas are Chlamydia pecorum, leading to chlamydial disease and koala retrovirus (KoRV). In the last eight years, these pathog

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8

Sullivan, B. J., W. M. Norris, and G. S. Baxter. "Low-density koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations in the mulgalands of south-west Queensland. II. Distribution and diet." Wildlife Research 30, no. 4 (2003): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00032.

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This study used faecal pellets to investigate the broadscale distribution and diet of koalas in the mulgalands biogeographic region of south-west Queensland. Koala distribution was determined by conducting faecal pellet searches within a 30-cm radius of the base of eucalypts on 149 belt transects, located using a multi-scaled stratified sampling design. Cuticular analysis of pellets collected from 22 of these sites was conducted to identify the dietary composition of koalas within the region. Our data suggest that koala distribution is concentrated in the northern and more easterly regions of

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9

Wedrowicz, Faye, Jennifer Mosse, Wendy Wright, and Fiona E. Hogan. "Using non-invasive sampling methods to determine the prevalence and distribution of Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus in a remnant koala population with conservation importance." Wildlife Research 45, no. 4 (2018): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17184.

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Context Pathogenic infections are an important consideration for the conservation of native species, but obtaining such data from wild populations can be expensive and difficult. Two pathogens have been implicated in the decline of some koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations: urogenital infection with Chlamydia pecorum and koala retrovirus subgroup A (KoRV-A). Pathogen data for a wild koala population of conservation importance in South Gippsland, Victoria are essentially absent. Aims This study uses non-invasive sampling of koala scats to provide prevalence and genotype data for C. pecoru

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10

Imanishi, Tetsuya. "Putative koala retrovirus-associated diseases in the Japanese captive koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1840.

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Japan began housing koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in 1984, increasing from six individuals in 1984 to a peak of 96 koalas in 1997. However, the number of koalas has almost halved since and as of 2020, 54 koalas remain in zoos in Japan. Although records of 330 koala deaths have been accumulated over 37 years, there have been no comprehensive reports on the relationship between the causes of death and koala retrovirus (KoRV) in the Japanese captive population. Based on the koala studbook updated by the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums, we have investigated causes of death in the Japa

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Rhind, Susan G., Murray V. Ellis, Martin Smith, and Daniel Lunney. "Do Koalas Phascolarctos cinereus use trees planted on farms? A case study from north-west New South Wales, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140302.

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Biodiversity benefits are routinely cited as an outcome of planting trees on farms but there has been too little information to properly substantiate such claims. This study is among the first to examine the use of plantings by arboreal mammals. We examined an important inland koala population and its use of farm revegetation to determine: (1) if koalas use planted trees; (2) patch characteristics correlated with use/non-use by koalas; and, (3) contextual characteristics correlated with use/non-use. Surveys of koala dung, also known as scats or faecal pellets, were conducted under trees in 19

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Dahlhausen, Katherine E., Ladan Doroud, Alana J. Firl, Adam Polkinghorne, and Jonathan A. Eisen. "Characterization of shifts of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) intestinal microbial communities associated with antibiotic treatment." PeerJ 6 (March 12, 2018): e4452. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4452.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are arboreal marsupials native to Australia that eat a specialized diet of almost exclusively eucalyptus leaves. Microbes in koala intestines are known to break down otherwise toxic compounds, such as tannins, in eucalyptus leaves. Infections by Chlamydia, obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, are highly prevalent in koala populations. If animals with Chlamydia infections are received by wildlife hospitals, a range of antibiotics can be used to treat them. However, previous studies suggested that koalas can suffer adverse side effects during antibiotic tre

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13

Eisenhofer, Raphael, Kylie L. Brice, Michaela DJ Blyton, et al. "Individuality and stability of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) faecal microbiota through time." PeerJ 11 (January 23, 2023): e14598. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14598.

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Gut microbiota studies often rely on a single sample taken per individual, representing a snapshot in time. However, we know that gut microbiota composition in many animals exhibits intra-individual variation over the course of days to months. Such temporal variations can be a confounding factor in studies seeking to compare the gut microbiota of different wild populations, or to assess the impact of medical/veterinary interventions. To date, little is known about the variability of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) gut microbiota through time. Here, we characterise the gut microbiota from fa

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14

Jiang, Alex, Andrew Tribe, Clive J. C. Phillips, and Peter J. Murray. "Do Livestock Injure and Kill Koalas? Insights from Wildlife Hospital and Rescue Group Admissions and an Online Survey of Livestock–Koala Conflicts." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092684.

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Koala populations in Australia are declining due to threats such as chlamydiosis, wild dog predation and vehicle collision. In the last decade, grazing livestock emerged anecdotally as a threat to koala survival in areas where koala habitat and livestock grazing land overlap. This is the first study investigating the significance of livestock-inflicted injuries and deaths in koala populations over a large spatial and temporal scale. We investigated the outcome, scale, and frequency of livestock–koala incidents via an online survey and analysed koala admission records in Queensland wildlife hos

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15

Law, B., L. Gonsalves, R. Bilney, et al. "Using Passive Acoustic Recording and Automated Call Identification to Survey Koalas in the Southern Forests of New South Wales." Australian Zoologist 40, no. 3 (2020): 477–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2019.033.

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Cost-effective surveys of low density koala populations are challenging, but technological developments in the acoustics field offer great potential for landscape-scale surveys and monitoring. We assessed passive acoustic recording coupled with automated call identification as a survey method for koalas Phascolarctos cinereus . Surveys targeted areas of previously known koala activity based on scat surveys in southern forests of New South Wales where a low density of koalas is suspected. We set 24 Song Meters to record at night over a two week period (~3,696 hours) in the koala breeding season

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16

Rundle-Thiele, Sharyn. "A reflection on motivating community action to protect an endangered species using marketing." European Journal of Marketing 56, no. 9 (2022): 2558–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-03-2022-0146.

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Purpose This paper aims to describe a case that has worked with community aiming to prevent koala deaths and injuries across known causes including dogs. Design/methodology/approach Over a 6½-year period, a project team has applied the Co-create–Build–Engage (CBETM) process initially delivering a proof-of-concept pilot programme for one threat faced by koalas, which was later scaled to citywide delivery. This approach is now being extended across 12 local government areas, and the author’s team is now working across all preventable threats faced by koalas’ regionwide. Leave It is now nested as

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Ellis, William, Sean FitzGibbon, Alistair Melzer, et al. "Koala habitat use and population density: using field data to test the assumptions of ecological models." Australian Mammalogy 35, no. 2 (2013): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am12023.

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In principle, conservation planning relies on long-term data; in reality, conservation decisions are apt to be based upon limited data and short-range goals. For the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), frequently reliance is made on the assumption that indirect signs can be used to indicate behavioural preferences, such as diet choice. We examined the relationship between the use of trees by koalas and the presence of scats beneath those trees. Tree use was associated with scat presence on 49% of occasions when koalas were radio-tracked in both central Queensland (n = 10 koalas) and south-east Que

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Dique, David S., Harriet J. Preece, Jim Thompson, and Deidré L. de Villiers. "Determining the distribution and abundance of a regional koala population in south-east Queensland for conservation management." Wildlife Research 31, no. 2 (2004): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02031.

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Koala surveys were used to determine the distribution and abundance of a threatened regional koala population in south-east Queensland to assist with the development of effective conservation management programs. Daytime systematic searches of strip transects were conducted twice yearly from 1996 to 1999 to determine koala density at a number of sites in urban, remnant bushland and bushland strata. Mean density estimates for 27 survey sites ranged from 0.02 to 1.26 koalas ha–1. Koala densities were generally higher in large tracts and remnant patches of eucalypt bushland towards the centre of

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Johnston, S. D., P. O'Callaghan, K. Nilsson, G. Tzipori, and J. D. Curlewis. "Semen-induced luteal phase and identification of a LH surge in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Reproduction 128, no. 5 (2004): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00300.

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The koala ovulates in response to mating. The purpose of this study was to document the LH surge induced by copulation and to investigate the potential roles of mechanical stimulation of the urogenital sinus and deposition of semen in induction of the luteal phase. In experiment 1, serial blood samples from four koalas that underwent normal mating showed elevated concentrations of LH approximately 24–32 h post-coitus. There was no corresponding elevation in LH in koalas (n = 4) that were exposed to the presence of a male but received no physical contact. In experiment 2, koalas on day 2 of oes

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Lee, Tristan, Kyall R. Zenger, Robert L. Close, and David N. Phalen. "Genetic analysis reveals a distinct and highly diverse koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in South Gippsland, Victoria, Australia." Australian Mammalogy 34, no. 1 (2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am10035.

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Population genetics can reveal otherwise hidden information involving a species’ history in a given region. Koalas were thought to have been virtually exterminated from the Australian state of Victoria during the koala fur trade of the late 1800s. Koalas in the South Gippsland region of Victoria were examined using microsatellite markers to infer population structure and gene flow and to locate a possible remnant gene pool. The results indicate that the South Gippsland koala population had higher genetic diversity (A = 5.97, HO = 0.564) than other published Victorian populations, and was genet

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Quigley, Bonnie L., and Peter Timms. "The Koala Immune Response to Chlamydial Infection and Vaccine Development—Advancing Our Immunological Understanding." Animals 11, no. 2 (2021): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020380.

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Chlamydia is a significant pathogen for many species, including the much-loved Australian marsupial, the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). To combat this situation, focused research has gone into the development and refinement of a chlamydial vaccine for koalas. The foundation of this process has involved characterising the immune response of koalas to both natural chlamydial infection as well as vaccination. From parallels in human and mouse research, it is well-established that an effective anti-chlamydial response will involve a balance of cell-mediated Th1 responses involving interferon-gamm

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Lunney, Daniel, Stephen Phillips, John Callaghan, and Dionne Coburn. "Determining the distribution of Koala habitat across a shire as a basis for conservation: a case study from Port Stephens, New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 3 (1998): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980186.

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The Australian National Koala Conservation Strategy recognizes the importance of conserving Koalas in their existing habitat, particularly through the integration of Koala conservation into local government planning (ANZECC 1998). The aim of this study was to define, rank and map the distribution of Koala habitat in Port Stephens Shire, New South Wales. The procedure was to merge the results of two independent survey techniques, each of which was interpreted using a vegetation map specifically prepared for this study. A field survey used a plot-based sampling protocol to determine tree species

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Kavanagh, Rodney P., Matthew A. Stanton, and Traecey E. Brassil. "Koalas continue to occupy their previous home-ranges after selective logging in Callitris - Eucalyptus forest." Wildlife Research 34, no. 2 (2007): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06126.

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is a charismatic, high-profile species whose conservation needs are commonly perceived to be incompatible with logging. However, koala biology and the results of chronosequence studies elsewhere suggest that this species may tolerate a degree of habitat alteration caused by logging. In this study, 30 koalas, five in each of six areas available for logging within a mixed white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla)–Eucalyptus forest in north-western New South Wales, were radio-tracked for one year during 1997–1998 to determine their movements, home-range sizes

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Dique, David S., Deidré L. de Villiers, and Harriet J. Preece. "Evaluation of line-transect sampling for estimating koala abundance in the Pine Rivers Shire, south-east Queensland." Wildlife Research 30, no. 2 (2003): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02042.

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Distance sampling using line transects has not been previously used or tested for estimating koala abundance. In July 2001, a pilot survey was conducted to compare the use of line transects with strip transects for estimating koala abundance. Both methods provided a similar estimate of density. On the basis of the results of the pilot survey, the distribution and abundance of koalas in the Pine Rivers Shire, south-east Queensland, was determined using line-transect sampling. In total, 134 lines (length 64 km) were used to sample bushland areas. Eighty-two independent koalas were sighted. Analy

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Schlagloth, Rolf, Flavia Santamaria, Michael Harte, Marie R. Keatley, Charley Geddes, and Douglas H. Kerlin. "Landscape Homogeneity May Drive the Distribution of Koala Vehicle Collisions on a Major Highway in the Clarke-Connors Range in Central Queensland, Australia." Animals 14, no. 19 (2024): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14192902.

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After the loss and fragmentation of habitat, vehicle collisions are one of the main threats to the long-term survival of wild koalas. Koala road strike data were analysed for a section of the Peak Downs Highway between Nebo and Spencer’s Gap, west of Mackay, Queensland, Australia. The analysis was carried out on 345 records (October 2014 to November 2023), and results suggested the spatial distribution of koala road strike followed a random pattern along this section of the highway, assuming a Poisson point pattern on a linear network. An analysis of the candidate predictors of koala vehicle c

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Witt, Ryan R., Chad T. Beranek, Lachlan G. Howell, et al. "Real-time drone derived thermal imagery outperforms traditional survey methods for an arboreal forest mammal." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242204.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are cryptic and currently face regional extinction. The direct detection (physical sighting) of individuals is required to improve conservation management strategies. We provide a comparative assessment of three survey methods for the direct detection of koalas: systematic spotlighting (Spotlight), remotely piloted aircraft system thermal imaging (RPAS), and the refined diurnal radial search component of the spot assessment technique (SAT). Each survey method was repeated on the same morning with independent observers (03:00–12:00 hrs) for a total of 10 survey o

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Lunney, Daniel, Carol Esson, Chris Moon, Murray Ellis, and Alison Matthews. "A Community-based Survey of the Koala, Phascolarctos cinereus, in the Eden Region of South-eastern New South Wales." Wildlife Research 24, no. 1 (1997): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr94034.

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A community-based postal survey (questionnaire and map) was undertaken in the Eden region of south-eastern New South Wales in 1991–92 to help determine the local distribution of koalas and to obtain information on which to base a regional plan of management for koalas. The 1198 replies from the II 600 households in the region represented all parts of the area surveyed. The survey responses suggest that koalas are rare in the Eden region, and that the number of koalas has been constantly low for the last four decades. The records are scattered both chronologically and geographically. National P

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Callaghan, John, Clive McAlpine, David Mitchell, et al. "Ranking and mapping koala habitat quality for conservation planning on the basis of indirect evidence of tree-species use: a case study of Noosa Shire, south-eastern Queensland." Wildlife Research 38, no. 2 (2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07177.

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Context Mapping the habitat and distribution of a species is critical for developing effective conservation plans. Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, Phascolarctidae) distribution is constrained by the nutritional and shelter requirements provided by a relatively small number of key tree species in any given area. Identifying these key species provides a practical foundation for mapping koala habitat and prioritising areas for conservation. Aims To determine key tree species for koalas in Noosa Shire (south-eastern Queensland, Australia) as a basis for mapping koala habitat quality. Methods We app

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Kayesh, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Md Abul Hashem, Fumie Maetani, et al. "Molecular Insights into Innate Immune Response in Captive Koala Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Co-Infected with Multiple Koala Retrovirus Subtypes." Pathogens 11, no. 8 (2022): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080911.

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Koala retrovirus (KoRV) exists in both endogenous and exogenous forms and has appeared as a major threat to koala health and conservation. Currently, there are twelve identified KoRV subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and eleven exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to -I, KoRV-K, -L, and -M). However, information about subtype-related immune responses in koalas against multiple KoRV infections is limited. In this study, we investigated KoRV-subtype (A, B, C, D, and F)-related immunophenotypic changes, including CD4, CD8b, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 mRNA expression, in peripheral blood mononuclear cell

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McINNES, L. M., A. GILLETT, J. HANGER, S. A. REID, and U. M. RYAN. "The potential impact of native Australian trypanosome infections on the health of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Parasitology 138, no. 7 (2011): 873–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000369.

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SUMMARYWhole blood collected from koalas admitted to the Australian Zoo Wildlife Hospital (AZWH), Beerwah, QLd, Australia, during late 2006–2009 was tested using trypanosome species-specific 18S rDNA PCRs designed to amplify DNA fromTrypanosoma irwini, T. gillettiandT. copemani. Clinical records for each koala sampled were reviewed and age, sex, blood packed cell volume (PCV), body condition, signs of illness, blood loss, trauma, chlamydiosis, bone marrow disease, koala AIDS and hospital admission outcome (‘survival’ / ‘non-survival’) were correlated with PCR results. Overall 73·8% (439/595) o

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Howell, Lachlan G., John Clulow, Neil R. Jordan, et al. "Drone thermal imaging technology provides a cost-effective tool for landscape-scale monitoring of a cryptic forest-dwelling species across all population densities." Wildlife Research 49, no. 1 (2021): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr21034.

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Abstract Context Drones, or remotely piloted aircraft systems, equipped with thermal imaging technology (RPAS thermal imaging) have recently emerged as a powerful monitoring tool for koala populations. Before wide uptake of novel technologies by government, conservation practitioners and researchers, evidence of greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness than with other available methods is required. Aims We aimed to provide the first comprehensive analysis of the cost-effectiveness of RPAS thermal imaging for koala detection against two field-based methods, systematic spotlighting (Spotlight)

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Stephenson, Tamsyn, Natasha Speight, Wai Yee Low, Lucy Woolford, Rick Tearle, and Farhid Hemmatzadeh. "Molecular Diagnosis of Koala Retrovirus (KoRV) in South Australian Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051477.

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Koala retrovirus, a recent discovery in Australian koalas, is endogenised in 100% of northern koalas but has lower prevalence in southern populations, with lower proviral and viral loads, and an undetermined level of endogenisation. KoRV has been associated with lymphoid neoplasia, e.g., lymphoma. Recent studies have revealed high complexity in southern koala retroviral infections, with a need to clarify what constitutes positive and negative cases. This study aimed to define KoRV infection status in Mount Lofty Ranges koalas in South Australia using RNA-seq and proviral analysis (n = 216). Th

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Hogg, Carolyn J., Luke Silver, Elspeth A. McLennan, and Katherine Belov. "Koala Genome Survey: An Open Data Resource to Improve Conservation Planning." Genes 14, no. 3 (2023): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14030546.

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Genome sequencing is a powerful tool that can inform the management of threatened species. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) are a globally recognized species that captured the hearts and minds of the world during the 2019/2020 Australian megafires. In 2022, koalas were listed as ‘Endangered’ in Queensland, New South Wales, and the Australian Capital Territory. Populations have declined because of various threats such as land clearing, habitat fragmentation, and disease, all of which are exacerbated by climate change. Here, we present the Koala Genome Survey, an open data resource that was devel

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Clifton, I. D., W. A. H. Ellis, A. Melzer, and G. Tucker. "Water turnover and the northern range of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 29, no. 1 (2007): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am07010.

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Water turnover for koalas is positively correlated with the moisture content of selected trees suggesting that browse choice was driven by water requirements in summer but energy demands in winter. We compared the distribution of the koala to relative humidity and found that the bioregional delineation of the koala?s range corresponds closely to regions experiencing an average 9am relative humidity of less than 80% in February. This indicates that the northern coastal distribution of the koala may be limited by respiratory evaporative water loss as a cooling mechanism.

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Peel, Emma, Yuanyuan Cheng, Julianne T. Djordjevic, et al. "Koala cathelicidin PhciCath5 has antimicrobial activity, including against Chlamydia pecorum." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0249658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249658.

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Devastating fires in Australia over 2019–20 decimated native fauna and flora, including koalas. The resulting population bottleneck, combined with significant loss of habitat, increases the vulnerability of remaining koala populations to threats which include disease. Chlamydia is one disease which causes significant morbidity and mortality in koalas. The predominant pathogenic species, Chlamydia pecorum, causes severe ocular, urogenital and reproductive tract disease. In marsupials, including the koala, gene expansions of an antimicrobial peptide family known as cathelicidins have enabled pro

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Hynes, Emily F., Geoff Shaw, Marilyn B. Renfree, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Contraception of prepubertal young can increase cost effectiveness of management of overabundant koala populations." Wildlife Research 46, no. 4 (2019): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18109.

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Context With limited resources for wildlife management and conservation, it is vital that the effectiveness of management programs is maximised and costs reduced. Koala populations need to be reduced in locations where they are locally overabundant and over-browsing their food trees. Subcutaneous contraceptive implants containing levonorgestrel are currently used to control koala fertility to assist in reducing population densities. Dependent young are caught with their mothers, so are also available for contraception. Aims The overall aim was to investigate whether the effectiveness of koala

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Schmertmann, Laura J., Alex Kan, Valentina S. A. Mella, et al. "Prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization in a free-ranging koala population." Medical Mycology 57, no. 7 (2019): 848–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myy144.

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AbstractCryptococcosis, caused by environmental fungi in the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes, affects a variety of hosts, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). Cryptococcal antigenemia and nasal colonization are well characterized in captive koalas, but free-ranging populations have not been studied systematically. Free-ranging koalas (181) from the Liverpool Plains region of New South Wales, Australia, were tested for cryptococcal antigenemia (lateral flow immunoassay) and nasal colonization (bird seed agar culture). Results were related to environmental

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Singleton, Cora L., and Chris Hamlin-Andrus. "Koala retrovirus status and putative koala retrovirus-associated diseases in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) in North American zoos. In Proceedings of the Second Koala Retrovirus Workshop, ed. D. E. Alquezar-Planas, D. P. Higgins, C. L. Singleton, and A. D. Greenwood." Technical Reports of the Australian Museum online 38 (June 21, 2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.1835-4211.38.2023.1841.

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The living koala population in North America is predominantly descended from koalas imported from a single Australian facility in 1976 and 1981, with several smaller imports from other facilities between 1985 and 2013. Koala retrovirus subtype B (KoRV-B) entered the North American population via imports in 2005, 2008, and 2013. The 2005 and 2008 KoRV-B positive lineages are deceased, but the 2013 KoRV-B positive lineage has seven surviving koalas, including one female of breeding age. Three koalas born to KoRV-B negative dams were documented as being KoRV-B positive at 15 months of age after n

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Hanger, Jon J., Lindell D. Bromham, Jeff J. McKee, Tracy M. O'Brien, and Wayne F. Robinson. "The Nucleotide Sequence of Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) Retrovirus: a Novel Type C Endogenous Virus Related to Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus." Journal of Virology 74, no. 9 (2000): 4264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.74.9.4264-4272.2000.

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ABSTRACT A novel retrovirus, morphologically consistent with mammalian C-type retroviruses, was detected by electron microscopy in mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures from 163 koalas and in lymphoma tissue from 3 koalas. PCR amplified provirus from the blood and tissues of 17 wild and captive koalas, and reverse transcriptase-PCR demonstrated viral mRNA, viral genomic RNA, and reverse transcriptase activity in koala serum and cell culture supernatants. Comparison of viral sequences derived from genomic DNA and mRNA showed identity indicative of a single retroviral spe

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Predavec, Martin, Daniel Lunney, Ian Shannon, Dave Scotts, John Turbill, and Bill Faulkner. "Mapping the likelihood of koalas across New South Wales for use in Private Native Forestry: developing a simple, species distribution model that deals with opportunistic data." Australian Mammalogy 37, no. 2 (2015): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15001.

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In Private Native Forestry in New South Wales, species-specific provisions in the code of practice are triggered by the presence of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), based on existing database records in the Atlas of NSW Wildlife. Whereas Species Distribution Modelling allows questions to be posed regarding the distribution of a species, and how it relates to environmental variables and threats, the key question, in many management situations, is whether or not a species is, or has been, present at a particular location, rather than the overall predicted distribution of the species. This is par

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Predavec, Martin, Daniel Lunney, Ian Shannon, John Lemon, Indrie Sonawane, and Mathew Crowther. "Using repeat citizen science surveys of koalas to assess their population trend in the north-west of New South Wales: scale matters." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 1 (2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16059.

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Scale matters when assessing population trends. Whereas traditional field-based ecological surveys are generally restricted to small temporal and spatial scales, community (citizen science) surveys allow wider consideration of population trends. We used repeat community surveys (completed in 2006 and 2015) to assess population change in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) across an area of 36 900 km2 in the north-west of New South Wales. In both community surveys we asked respondents to record the location of their koala sightings as well as those of eight other common species. We further asked re

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Casteriano, Andrea, Astrid Robin Van Aggelen, Shali Fischer, et al. "Evaluation of a biosecurity survey approach for contamination by Chlamydia pecorum in koala rehabilitation, field capture, and captive settings." PeerJ 11 (August 15, 2023): e15842. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15842.

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Transmission of Chlamydia pecorum between koalas is a potential risk in field capture or rehabilitation settings, where koalas are held in proximity to each other, or equipment is shared between animals. Given the impact of C. pecorum on koala welfare and population viability it is surprising that quarantine and disinfection protocols in a koala rehabilitation facility or capture settings have not previously been evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate an approach, based on the detection of chlamydial DNA and cell viability, to determine the degree of environmental contamination within a koala

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Menkhorst, Peter, David Ramsey, Tim O'Brien, Emily Hynes, and Desley Whisson. "Survival and movements of koalas translocated from an over-abundant population." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19090.

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Abstract Context At some sites in southern Victoria, browsing pressure caused by high-density koala populations can result in defoliation of preferred browse trees. In extreme cases, this over-browsing can lead to widespread tree death and starvation of koalas. To reduce the potential for mortality of trees and koalas, a management strategy that includes fertility control of females and translocation of healthy individuals (male and female) has been adopted. AimsTo compare the short- to medium-term survival and body condition of koalas translocated from over-browsed habitat and released into u

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Wright, Belinda R., Martina Jelocnik, Andrea Casteriano, et al. "Development of diagnostic and point of care assays for a gammaherpesvirus infecting koalas." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0286407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286407.

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The recent listing of koala populations as endangered across much of their range has highlighted the need for better management interventions. Disease is a key threat to koala populations but currently there is no information across the threatened populations on the distribution or impact of a gammaherpesvirus, phascolarctid gammaherpesvirus 1 (PhaHV-1). PhaHV-1 is known to infect koalas in southern populations which are, at present, not threatened. Current testing for PhaHV-1 involves lengthy laboratory techniques that do not permit quantification of viral load. In order to better understand

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Dique, David S., Jim Thompson, Harriet J. Preece, Deidré L. de Villiers, and Frank N. Carrick. "Dispersal patterns in a regional koala population in south-east Queensland." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02043.

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Koala dispersal was investigated as part of a detailed ecological study of a nationally significant koala population located 20 km south-east of Brisbane, Queensland. From 1996 to 2000, 195 koalas from three sites were captured and fitted with radio-collars. A total of 40 koalas (23 males and 17 females) dispersed from these sites. Most (93%) dispersing individuals were 20–36 months of age. Three adult females (more than 36 months old) dispersed and no adult males dispersed during the study. A significantly higher proportion of young males dispersed than females. Dispersal occurred between Jun

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Seabrook, Leonie, Clive McAlpine, Greg Baxter, Jonathan Rhodes, Adrian Bradley, and Daniel Lunney. "Drought-driven change in wildlife distribution and numbers: a case study of koalas in south west Queensland." Wildlife Research 38, no. 6 (2011): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11064.

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Context Global climate change will lead to increased climate variability, including more frequent drought and heatwaves, in many areas of the world. This will affect the distribution and numbers of wildlife populations. In south-west Queensland, anecdotal reports indicated that a low density but significant koala population had been impacted by drought from 2001–2009, in accord with the predicted effects of climate change. Aims The study aimed to compare koala distribution and numbers in south-west Queensland in 2009 with pre-drought estimates from 1995–1997. Methods Community surveys and faec

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Phillips, Stephen. "It’s the blues Jim, but not as we know it: a response to FitzGibbon et al. (2016)." Australian Mammalogy 39, no. 1 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am17007.

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A cautious approach to managing the impacts of disturbance on free-ranging koala (Phascolactos cinereus) populations is fundamental to effective management of this iconic species. The critique by FitzGibbon et al. (2017) of a pioneering study by Phillips (2016) on the impacts of noise on koalas argued that a departure from aspects of the methods, a disregard for disease issues, other koala mortality data and an onerous approach to mitigation of potential impact detracted from the merit of the work. In response and while acknowledging some departures in evaluation criteria, the primary outcomes

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McLean, Natasha, and Kathrine A. Handasyde. "Sexual maturity, factors affecting the breeding season and breeding in consecutive seasons in populations of overabundant Victorian koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 6 (2006): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06015.

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It is important to have knowledge of basic population parameters to understand how these vary geographically and temporally and how they contribute to population dynamics. This paper investigates three of these parameters in Victorian koala populations: sexual maturity, aspects of the breeding season, and the continuity of individuals’ breeding. The investigation was carried out in koalas of known-age in two free-living (Redbill Creek on French Island and Brisbane Ranges) and one semi-captive (the Koala Conservation Centre on Phillip Island) population as well as koalas of unknown age in four

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Phillips, Stephen. "Differing mortality rates in two concurrently radio-tracked populations of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16047.

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Radio-tracking studies enable insights into factors that contribute to koala mortality. Two radio-tracking studies investigating the impacts of disturbance events on koalas were undertaken in different areas over the same period. Both studies employed similar techniques for koala capture, processing and monitoring. In one study, none of nine koalas died during a 5-month monitoring program following their translocation into a new habitat area, while in the second study 6 of 11 koalas died over the same period during an in situ impact-monitoring study. The two populations differed morphologicall

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Kramer, Gianna, Janine Duffy, and Valentina S. A. Mella. "Preliminary Evidence of Chlamydiosis in Koalas of the Greater Geelong Region, Victoria: A Potential Emerging Threat?" Animals 15, no. 14 (2025): 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15142048.

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Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) face many threats, with one of them being the disease chlamydiosis caused by the bacterium Chlamydia pecorum, a cause for infertility and one of the main causes of population decline. In New South Wales, Queensland, and the Australian Capital Territory, the koala is an endangered species, but in Victoria, koalas are widespread and overabundant in some areas. The koala populations in the You Yangs Regional Park (YYRP) and Brisbane Ranges National Park (BRNP) in Victoria are reported to be in decline, although there have been no studies looking into population den

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