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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kokugo'
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Yoshii, Ruri. "Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2074.
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Any type of education implemented by a modern nation-state is, at least in part, a tool for socializing its people. In this regard, Japanese language and literature education, kokugo, has played an important role in Japan by emphasizing nationalism and the integrity of a Japanese identity. According to Ishihara (2007) and Lee (1996 [English translation 2010]), kokugo, since its inception in 1900, has promoted moral awareness and assimilation of Japanese ideals across the country. However, responding to unsatisfactory test results in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2003 and 2006, Japan's Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) adjusted kokugo education policies. A decision was made to place more emphasis on language skills rather than on the traditional kokugo approach that had been in place from the beginning of the Meiji era (1868-1912). Based on an analysis of Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki no Tsubo (WKYT) (Understanding Kokugo: The Secrets of Reading and Writing), an educational television program for elementary school kokugo classes by Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK), this thesis discusses how language skill development has recently been introduced into the kokugo curriculum and Japanese kokugo education policies. This thesis also uses the historical-structural approach of critical language policy research developed by Tollefson (1991, 2013) and Street (1993) to analyze how this modified kokugo education has the potential to affect the social development of students.
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Monzani, João Marcelo Amaral Reimão. "Uma abordagem do romance Kokoro de Natsume Sôseki." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8157/tde-25052012-103636/.
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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo uma aproximação crítica à obra de ficção Kokoro de autoria de Natsume Sôseki publicada em 1914. Como eixo temático central dessa abordagem foi escolhida a tópica do individualismo primordial na obra em foco e em sua fortuna crítica. Inicialmente, no capítulo 1, buscamos traçar as significações centrais do conceito em questão, qual seja, o individualismo na visão de pensadores e escritores ocidentais. Em seguida, no capítulo 2, verificamos como essa noção foi tratada pelo autor, para além do plano ficcional, na palestra Meu individualismo proferida em 1914, texto esse inédito em português que traduzimos para esse trabalho. Finalmente, no capítulo 3, realizamos uma leitura por via da crítica literária do romance Kokoro, sempre com ênfase em nosso recorte temático.<br>This dissertation is centered in a critical reading of the novel Kokoro, published in 1914, by Natsume Soseki. As the central thematic axis of our research it was chosen the notion of individualism given its importance to the analysed novel and its critical reception. First, in chapter 1, we tried to clarify the concept of individualism and its central meanings. Then, in chapter 2, we examined how such notion has been worked upon by the writer not in his fictional prose, but in a lecture called My individualism, which has been translated for the first time into Portuguese for our specific purpose. Finally, in chapter 3, we have critically examined the novel, always bearing in mind our thematic focus.
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Shibata, Masayuki. "Studies on “kokumi” taste components in soybean seeds : Identification, content determination and efficient extraction." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/233823.
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Omori, Kyoko. "Problems in English translation of Japanese literature : a study of Natsume Soseki's Botchan and Kokoro /." Connect to resource, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1227730376.
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Omori, Kyoko. "Problems in English translation of Japanese literature: A study of Natsume Sôseki’s Botchan and Kokoro." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1227730376.
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Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari. "Recombinant hantavirus proteins : antigenic properties and diagnostic applications." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/kallio-kokko/.
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Partanen, Pirkko. ""Koko talo soi" : Klemetti-Opisto suomalaisen musiikkultuurin kehittäjänä 1953-1968 /." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, Dept. of Applied Sciences of Education, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018718640&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Amoah-Boampong, Cyrelene Merrrilyne. "Contesting the State in Ghana's Cocoa Trade: The Case of the Kuapa Kokoo Farmers' Union, 1957-2004." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/312.
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In the twenty-first century, African farmers are still in the grips of economic stagnation and are being subjected to neo-liberal developmental policies such as structural adjustment and trade liberalization. However, small-scale producers have not disengaged from the state as some scholars assert like Goran Hyden. In Ghana, producers came together in the form of a farmers' union to address their economic needs not through the "economy of affection" where they relied on kinship and other forms of familial alliances but rather through networks of market-oriented economic association. One such association for agriculture producers was the Kuapa Kokoo Farmers' Union, a cocoa farmers' association. The formation of the Kuapa Kokoo Farmers' Union created a complex interaction between the state and agricultural producers. Smallholder cocoa producers, through such organizations, laid claim as actors in economic development. The state, through its historic role as financier of agricultural production, tried to find new avenues to dominate rural producers even in a post liberalized world, where the state was supposed to be withdrawing from active involvement in the economy and allowing the private sector to be the main engine of economic growth. It is within this framework of contestation that this study contends that scholars should examine the relations between state and agricultural producers, and the implications of this relationship on economic development and the marketplace. I argue that this complex interaction is not a clear situation of the "economy of affection" or the total dominance of the state but rather a complex interaction in which the state most often has the upper hand but does not suppress the ability of agricultural producers to be meaningful actors in the marketplace. Commodity farmers are not limited to the sphere of production or "exit" from the national economy but try to empower their members through fair trade practices and direct involvement in the confectionery industry in order to take control over their product and become active participants in the world market.
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Feijó, Cristiane Tavares. "Entre humanos, deuses e plantas: uma etnografia sobre as perspectivas Mbyá Guarani na manutenção das kokue contemporâneas." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2828.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-10<br>Sem bolsa<br>Esta dissertação apresenta informações a respeito das experiências vivenciadas em campo sobre a dimensão da práxis e as perspectivas Mbyá Guarani no mundo de conhecimentos e reciprocidades entre humanos, Deuses e plantas (‗sementes verdadeiras‘ e crioulas) nas tekoa (aldeias) do litoral do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Nesse contexto, buscou-se acompanhar e registrar as sabedorias e atividades desempenhadas pelos Mbyá Guarani, principalmente por intermédio de dois interlocutores, sobre a manutenção das suas kokue (roças) na atualidade. Assim, estão demonstradas aquelas atividades desempenhadas pelo grupo, por meio de seus relatos, quando os mesmos detinham o manejo de espaços maiores e ambientalmente constituídos de mata nativa. Esse trabalho também foi construído em torno das relações atuais que alguns Mbyá Guarani, localizados no contexto do empreendimento de duplicação da rodovia BR-116, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, têm vivenciado nas trocas de ‗regimes de conhecimentos‘ e sementes crioulas ocorridas com a Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária), visando a diversificação dos cultivos agrícolas desse coletivo. A pesquisa concebida junto ao grupo ganha importância diante das atuais condições ambientais e fundiárias da maior parte das aldeias Mbyá Guarani, que têm vivenciado diversas dificuldades para a manutenção das kokue, fundamentais para a obtenção alimentar do corpoespírito
Mbyá Guarani e manutenção da natureza-cultura do grupo. Deste modo, é fundamental a compreensão da ontologia implicada na conservação, segundo as perspectivas Mbyá, das ‗sementes verdadeiras‘, assim como as sementes crioulas, para que se possa, entre outras coisas, embasar e formular políticas públicas com o intuito de minimizar as atuais dificuldades vividas pelo grupo.<br>The present dissertation reveals information related to field experiences collected on Mbyá Guarani praxis dimension and perspectives in the world of knowledge and reciprocity among human beings, Gods and plants (―real seeds‖ and landraces) found in tekoa (indigenous settlements) located at Rio Grande do Sul (RS) coastal region. As part of this context, the wisdom and practices, mainly from two Mbyá Guarani persons, on the kokue maintenance were followed and registered as performed now and at the time the indigenous group had greater areas where native forests were found. The work also relates the relationship the Mbyá Guarani located by the BR 116 federal highway, under duplication, have established at this time with Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Enterprise) on ‗knowledge strategies‘ and landrace seeds in dealing with the Guarani cropping diversity. The work gains in relative importance due to current land and environmental conditions found at the Guarani settlements, which make it difficult the kokue maintenance, what is of paramount importance to feed the Mbyá Guarani body-spirit, keeping their natureculture. Under these assumptions, is of fundamental importance the undertanding of the ontology linked to the conservation of what is considered ‗real seeds‘ as well as landrace seeds, under the Mbyá perspective, in order to better design public policies to minimize the adverse reality the group is living.
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Sippala, R. (Riikka). "Perä eellä puuhun koko vuojen:aloittavan kaupunkilaisopettajan kokemuksia ensimmäisestä työvuodestaan maaseudun koulussa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201604081417.
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Pro gradu tutkielmani tarkoituksena on selvittää aloittavan kaupunkilaistaustaisen opettajan työuran alun induktiovaiheen haasteet, kun hän tekee vuoden opettajan sijaisuuden maaseudulle keskisuuressa peruskoulussa. Lisäksi tutkin, mitä eri toimintakulttuureita hän maaseudulla kohtaa ja kuinka hän kokee niihin liittyvät haasteet ja kulttuurit. Opettajan työuran induktiovaiheesta on tehty paljon tutkimuksia ja aloittavan opettajan oppaita. Maalaiskouluista opetuskontekstina löytyy paljon tutkimuksia etenkin pienten kyläkoulujen osalta, sillä niitä on koululakkautusten ajankohtaisuuden vuoksi tutkittu paljon. Kuitenkin maaseudun kouluista ja opettajuudesta, varsinkin opettajan induktiovaiheesta on tutkimuksia todella niukasti.
Teoreettiinen viitekehys muodostuu opettajan induktiovaiheen kuvauksesta, työyhteisön- ja koulun toimintakulttuureista sekä maalaiskulttuurin kuvauksesta. Jotta maalaiskulttuurin ja koulun toimintakulttuurin voisi käsittää riittävän hyvin, täytyy kulttuuri pystyä määrittelemään huolellisesti.
Luontevin tutkimusmenetelmän valinta yhden aloittavan opettajan kokemusten kuvaamiseen oli narratiivinen menetelmä, sillä tutkimus koostuu yhden opettajan vuoden mittaisesta päiväkirjatyylisestä kirjoitelmasta ensimmäisen työvuoden aikana. Narratiivinen tutkimusmenetelmä on tyypillinen tutkimus opettajan kokemuksistä työelämässä koulumaailmassa. Induktiivisen teema-analyysin perusteella aineisto voitiin jakaa noviisiopettajan induktiovaiheen kokemusten kuvaukseen, työyhteisön ja koulun toimintakulttuurin kuvauksiin sekä maalaiskulttuurin kuvauksiin.
Tutkimukseni noviisiopettaja koki ensimmäisen työvuotensa haasteellisena, mutta myös antoisana. Haasteellisena hän koki koulutuksen ja työelämän välisen kuilun, antoisana ammatillisen identiteetin kehittymisen sekä työyhteisöön ja paikalliseen kulttuuriin sisälle pääsemiseen. Tutkimustulosten perusteella vaikuttaa siltä, että noviisin kohtaamat haasteet eivät ole paikkaan tai aikaan sidottuja, sillä vastaavanlaisia tutkimustuloksia löytyy jo vuosikymmenien takaa Euroopasta, Australiasta ja Yhdysvalloista.
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Saarni, A. (Anu). "”Ettei tarttis koko ajan istua”:tapaustutkimus pitkien oppituntien liikunnallistamisesta Lintulammen koulussa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201403141200.
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Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli tutkia pitkien oppituntien liikunnallistamista. Tutkimus on osa Virpiniemen liikuntaopiston kanssa tehtävää työelämän projektia. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin lukuvuoden 2012–2013 aikana ja kohderyhmänä olivat Lintulammen koulun kaksi 4.luokkaa (n=38). Käytetyt aineistonkeruumenetelmät olivat havainnointi ja videointi, lasten ja opettajien haastattelut sekä lasten tuottamat fyysisen aktiivisuuden aikajanapäiväkirjat. Pääongelmat, joihin tutkimuksessa etsittiin vastauksia, olivat: Millainen on lasten fyysinen aktiivisuus koulupäivän aikana?, Miten pitkän oppitunnin rakenne tulee järjestää, jotta liikunta oppitunnilla mahdollistuisi?., Miten oppilaat ovat kokeneet liikuntaneuvojat ja liikuntaa lisäävät välineet luokissaan? ja Miten oppilaat kokevat osallistumisensa luokkatilassa?
Tutkimuksen aikana pitkillä 90 minuutin oppitunneilla kokeiltiin liikuntanurkkaa, jumppapalloja tuolien sijaan sekä erilaisia liikuntavälipaloja. Fyysisen aktiivisuuden aikajanapäiväkirjat täytettiin tutkimuksen alussa sekä aivan sen lopussa. Lapset saivat osallistua oppituntien liikunnallistammiseen. Tutkimuksessa ilmeni, että lasten koulupäivän aikainen liikunta lisääntyi lukuvuoden 2012–2013 aikana. Tärkeintä oli kuitenkin se, että istumisen laatu muuttui eli istumisjaksot lyhenivät. Opettajat kokivat, että käytetyt liikunnallistammiskeinot olivat hyvä lisä heidän omaan työhönsä. Liikuntaneuvojat rikastivat tavallisia oppitunteja kehittämällä erilaisia jumppaohjeita muun muassa liikuntanurkkausta ja jumppapalloja varten. Oppilaat kokivat, että varsinkin pimeänä aikana liikuntavälipalat auttoivat jaksamisessa. Tutkimus ei tuonut tiettyä kaavaa, jolla pitkät oppitunnit olisi paras järjestää, vaan opettajan tulee oma luokkansa ja omat toimintatapansa tuntien rakentaa itselleen sopivin malli. Tässä tutkimuksessa käytetyt liikunnallistammiskeinot ovat yksinkertaiset, joten ne on helppo ottaa sellaisinaan tai itse sovellettuna käyttöön päivittäiseen koulutyöhön.
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Kokubo, Shinsuke [Verfasser], Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Vana, Philipp [Gutachter] Vana, et al. "Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Polymer using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry / Shinsuke Kokubo ; Gutachter: Philipp Vana, Konrad Koszinowski, Martin Suhm, Michael Buback, Ricardo Mata, Florian Ehlers ; Betreuer: Philipp Vana." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149959371/34.
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Kokubo, Shinsuke Verfasser], Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Vana, Philipp [Gutachter] Vana, et al. "Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Synthetic Polymer using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry / Shinsuke Kokubo ; Gutachter: Philipp Vana, Konrad Koszinowski, Martin Suhm, Michael Buback, Ricardo Mata, Florian Ehlers ; Betreuer: Philipp Vana." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3FAC-5-6.
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Baronas, Vaidotas. "Lietuvos įmonių gyvavimo trukmės ir bankroto analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140701_183737-74566.
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Šiame magistro darbe yra pateikiamas įmonės išgyvenamumą prognozuojantis Kokso proporcingųjų rizikų modelis. Pirmoje dalyje yra pateikiama trumpa modelių, susijusių su įmonių bankrotais ar nemokumu, apžvalga. Taip pat yra pristatomi balansinių ataskaitų ir įmonių finansų teoriniai pagrindai, įvairūs finansiniai rodikliai (įmonės pelnas/nuostolis, įsipareigojimai, turtas ir kt.) bei santykiniai finansiniai rodikliai (įmonės bendras skolos rodiklis, grynojo pelningumo koeficientas ir kt.). Be to, pateikiami išgyvenamumo analizės ir Kokso proporcingųjų rizikų modelio teoriniai pagrindai. Antroje darbo dalyje pateikiami empiriniai skaičiavimai. Čia parenkami statistiškai reikšmingi finansiniai ir santykiniai finansiniai rodikliai, įtakojantys įmonės gyvavimo trukmę, sudaromas bei tiriamas Kokso regresijos modelis, kuris vertina įmonės tikimybę išgyventi po tam tikro laiko. Ekonometrinė analizė atliekama naudojant SPSS, MS Excel ir SAS programinę įrangą.<br>This Master thesis develops survival of company prediction Cox proportional hazards model using the statistical methodology of Survival analysis. In the first part the short review of literature about models related with company’s bankruptcy, failure or financial distress is presented. Also the background of financial statement analysis, corporate finance, various financial variables (company’s profit/loss, liabilities, asset and other) and financial ratios (debt ratio, total asset turnover and other) are clarified. Furthermore, the theoretical background of Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards model are presented. In the following part empirical computations are introduced. There are selected financial variables and financial ratios, which influence company’s survival and are statistically significant. Moreover, Cox regression model for estimating the probability of company’s survival after particular time is presented. Econometric analysis is performed using SPSS, MS Excel and SAS software.
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Ahonen, M. (Mona). "”Se on aina koko koulun asia”:valo-opettajat perusopetukseen valmistavaa opetusta kehittämässä." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201701131076.
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Koska maahanmuuttajien määrä kasvaa jatkuvasti Suomessa, on kiinnitettävä huomiota siihen, miten maahanmuuttajataustaisten oppilaiden opetus järjestetään kouluissa. Tämän pro gradu -tutkielman tavoitteena oli selvittää, miten perusopetukseen valmistavaa opetusta on tällä hetkellä järjestetty Oulussa: mitkä asiat siinä toimivat ja mitä epäkohtia siinä ilmenee. Tarkastelun kohteena on myös se, miten valmistavaa opetusta ja opettajien peruskoulutusta voisi kehittää. Lisäksi tutkitaan opettajien kokemuksia ammatillisesta kehittymisestään. Tutkimusaineisto on kerätty helmikuussa 2016 haastattelemalla kolmea Oulun alueella alakoulussa työskentelevää valmistavan luokan opettajaa (valo-opettajaa). Haastattelut toteutettiin puolistrukturoidun teemahaastattelurungon avulla.
Tutkimuksen teoreettinen viitekehys perustuu maahanmuuttajaoppilaiden opetukseen peruskoulussa, monikulttuurisen koulun eri ominaisuuksiin sekä opettajan ammatilliseen kehittymiseen. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan laadullinen, ja se toteutettiin fenomenologista lähestymistapaa hyödyntäen. Tutkimusaineiston analysoinnissa käytettiin soveltavasti aineistolähtöistä sisällönanalyysia, jonka perusteella aineisto pelkistettiin ja luokiteltiin.
Tutkimuksessa saatujen tulosten mukaan valo-opettajat olivat yleisesti tyytyväisiä valmistavan opetuksen järjestämiseen Oulussa. Työn hyviksi puoliksi mainittiin sujuva yhteistyö eri osapuolten kanssa sekä toimiva arki. Työn epäkohtina opettajat toivat esiin yhteistyöhön liittyvät haasteet sekä taloudellisten resurssien puutteen. Opettajat toivoivat, että opettajien peruskoulutukseen saataisiin lisää monikulttuurisuusopintoja ja että valmistava opetus ja maahanmuuttajaoppilaat huomioitaisiin paremmin koulun arjessa ja toimintakulttuurissa. Lisäksi opettajat halusivat kehittää yhteistyötä maahanmuuttajavanhempien kanssa. Ammatillisesta kehittymisestä puhuessaan valo-opettajat korostivat kokemuksen tuomaa taitoa, itsensä jatkuvaa kehittämistä sekä työhönsä kuuluvia palkitsevia ja haastavia asioita.
Vaikka tutkimuksen tuloksia ei voida yleistää, ne ovat suuntaa antavia, minkä vuoksi ne tulisi huomioida kehitettäessä opettajien peruskoulutusta ja valmistavaa opetusta. Jatkossa olisi syytä tutkia, miten eri kouluissa valmistava opetus on otettu koulun toimintaan mukaan ja millä tavoin valmistavan luokan osallisuutta voisi koulun toimintakulttuurissa edistää. Lisäksi voitaisiin tutkia sitä, millaiseksi koulun muut opettajat ovat kokeneet yhteistyön valoluokan kanssa.
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Tucker, Emily K. "Extant gas boom industrial buildings in East Central Indiana, 1890-1910 : a case study of five cities : Anderson, Elwood, Kokomo, Marion, and Muncie." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1273163.
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The industrial era in East Central Indiana began largely due to the discovery of gas, which in turn brought in many of the industries that would sustain the area during the gas boom and those years following the end of gas supplies. This thesis documents several surviving industrial buildings from the gas boom, including their history, the industrial processes that occurred in these buildings, the general factory layout, and finally the current status of the factories. Studying the industrial buildings from this period in Indiana history helps to shed light on the important role that these industries play in the development of the cities and towns in the gas belt. In addition to this, the thesis gives a documentation of one of Indiana’s rapidly disappearing resources.<br>Department of Architecture
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Rolón, Gómez Mirta Niselli. "Transição da agricultura camponesa à agricultura empresarial no Paraguai : uma análise da Cooperativa Capiibary e da Associação Kokue Pyahu." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70005.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as dinâmicas mercantis da Cooeprativa Capiibary do Município de San Juan Nepomuceno e da Associação Kokue Pyahu do Município de Abai, localizados no Departamento de Caazapa da Republica do Paraguai. Bem como, a participação destas no desenvolvimento dos agricultores familiares através das estruturas organizativas e, em que medida, favorece a integração no mercado. Estas organizações possibilitam espaços de criação e geração de estratégias para a integração de seus associados às redes agro-produtivas e mercantis, facilitando a produção de commodities, fortalecendo as produções tradicionais e incentivando alternativas de produções orientadas para o mercado. A Cooperativa Capiibary e a Associação Kokue Pyahu se apresentam como instituições localizadas num território em transformação, que aglutinam produtores diferenciados, a partir de sua integração às redes constituídas desde as organizações. Atualmente, a partir da configuração em redes de produção e comercialização, os associados obtêm maiores possibilidades de integração e alternativas para se desenvolver localmente, num território direcionado por um enfoque para o mercado. A partir das documentações e dos dados coletados através de entrevistas, questionários e observações, destaca-se que a cooperativa e a associação fomentaram a organização dos agricultores familiares e sua inserção as redes mercantis mediante a estrutura organizacional. As redes de cooperação institucional contribuíram com a consolidação dos agricultores familiares locais, a partir das informações e das cooperações.<br>This paper aims to analyze the dynamics of the cooperative business Capiibary the municipality of San Juan Nepomuceno and the Association Pyahu Koku the municipality of Abai, located in the Department of Caazapá of the Republic of Paraguay. Well as participation in developing these family farmers through organizational structures, and to what extent promote market integration. These organizations allow spaces of creation and generation of strategies for the integration of its associated networks and commercial agro-production, facilitating the production of commodities, strengthening traditional production and encouraging alternatives to market-oriented production. The Cooperative Capiibary and Association Pyahu Koku as institutions are located in a territory that bring together producers transformation with different characteristics, from their integration into networks formed from the organizations. Configuration currently under production and marketing networks, the partners have higher integration possibilities and alternatives for local development in the area addressed by an approach to the market. From the documentation and data collected through interviews, questionnaires and observations, we emphasize that the cooperative and the association promoted the organization of family farmers and their integration into commercial networks by organizational structure. Institutional cooperation networks, contributed to the consolidation of local family farmers, from the information and cooperation relations.<br>Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las dinámicas mercantiles de la Cooperativa Capiibary del municipio de San Juan Nepomuceno y la Asociación Kokue Pyahu del municipio de Abai, localizados en el Departamento de Caazapá de la República del Paraguay. Bien como la participación estas en el desarrollo de los agricultores familiares a través de las estructuras organizativas, y en qué medida favorecen la integración al mercado. Estas organizaciones posibilitan espacios de creación y generación de estrategias para la integración de sus asociados a las redes agro-productivas y mercantiles, facilitando la producción de commodities, fortaleciendo las producciones tradicionales e incentivando alternativas de producciones orientadas para el mercado. La Cooperativa Capiibary y la Asociación Kokue Pyahu se presentan como instituciones localizadas en un territorio en transformación que aglutinan a productores con características diferenciadas, a partir de su integración a las redes constituidas desde las organizaciones. Actualmente bajo la configuración en redes de producción y comercialización, los asociados obtienen mayores posibilidades de integración y alternativas para desarrollarse localmente en el territorio direccionado por un enfoque para el mercado. A partir de las documentaciones y los datos recabados a través de las entrevistas, cuestionarios y observaciones, se destacan que la cooperativa y la asociación fomentaron la organización de los agricultores familiares y su integración a las redes mercantiles mediante la estructura organizacional. Las redes de cooperación institucional, contribuyó con la consolidación de los agricultores familiares locales, a partir de las informaciones y las relaciones de cooperaciones.
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Hashemi, Hossein [Verfasser], Wolfram [Akademischer Betreuer] Hergert, Kalevi [Akademischer Betreuer] Kokko, and Arthur [Akademischer Betreuer] Ernst. "First principles study of magnetic properties of nanowires on Cu surfaces / Hossein Hashemi. Betreuer: Wolfram Hergert ; Kalevi Kokko ; Arthur Ernst." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067098690/34.
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小畑, 豊美, Atsumi Obata, 義美 伊藤 та Yoshimi Ito. "青年期の心の居場所の研究 : 自由記述に表れた心の居場所の分類". 名古屋大学情報文化学部・名古屋大学大学院人間情報学研究科, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7786.
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Kemper, Gertrud. "Entwicklung kognitionspsychologisch konzipierter Bild-unterstützter Präsentationssequenzen (KoKo-BuPS) Anwendung kognitionspsychologischer Prinzipien auf Präsentationen zur Wissenskommunikation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97430767X.
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Karlsson, S. (Sonja). "”Kysehän on koko ihmisestä”:vuosien 1935, 1950 ja 1970 steriloimis- ja kastroimislakien kehykset Helsingin Sanomissa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201608252661.
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Tutkielmassani tutkin vuosien 1935, 1950 ja 1970 steriloimis- ja kastroimislakien kehyksiä Helsingin Sanomissa. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu 59 lehtijutusta. Olen kerännyt aineiston manuaalisesti mikrofilmeiltä kolmen ajallisen kiintopisteen ympäriltä. Ensimmäinen kiintopiste sijoittuu Suomen ensimmäisen steriloimislain säätämisajankohtaan. Suomen ensimmäistä steriloimislakia alettiin suunnitella 1920-luvulla ja se astui voimaan vuonna 1935. Vastaavia lakeja säädettiin eri puolilla läntistä maailmaa samoina vuosikymmeninä. Suomen ensimmäinen steriloimislaki oli luonteeltaan rotuhygieeninen ja se mahdollisti pakkosteriloinnit. Lain tavoitteena oli vähentää kelvottomaksi luokiteltujen ihmisten määrää yhteiskunnassa. Lisääntymisen estämistä pidettiin tehokkaana menetelmänä tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi, koska rotuhygieenikot uskoivat kelvottomuuden olevan perinnöllistä. Toinen ajallinen kiintopiste sijoittuu vuoteen 1950, jolloin pakkosterilointien määräämistä helpotettiin ja kastroimistoimenpiteet erotettiin steriloimislaista omaksi laikseen. Lakien painopiste siirtyi rotuhygieenisestä kontrollista kohti sosiaalista kontrollia ja lakien muutos osuu yhteen suomalaisen hyvinvointiyhteiskunnan sosiaaliturvan laajentamisen kanssa. Kolmas ajallinen kiintopiste on näiden pakkotoimenpiteiden poistaminen Suomen laista vuonna 1970. Tutkimusmenetelmänä tutkielmassani on Erving Goffmanin luoma kehysanalyysi. Kehysanalyysi on paljon käytetty metodi mediatutkimuksessa. Koko aineistosta kehysanalyysiin valitsin 38 lehtijuttua. Paikansin aineistosta kaksi pääkehystä, jotka nimesin yksilön eduksi ja yhteiskunnan eduksi. Kahdessa ensimmäisessä ajallisessa kiintopisteessä yhteiskunnan edun kehys on toista kehystä vahvempi. Viimeisessä kiintopisteessä yksilön edun kehys näkyy yhteiskunnan edun kehystä huomattavasti enemmän. Muutos kehysten esiintymisessä liittyy laajempaan muutokseen suomalaisessa yhteiskunnassa ja kulttuurissa. Pakkotoimenpiteet mahdollistavien lakien voimassaoloaikana Suomessa oli vallalla poliittinen filosofia, jonka mukaan yksilön etu oli aina alisteinen yhteiskunnan edun edessä. Toisen maailmansodan jälkeen asenteet ja julkinen mielipide alkoivat muuttua. Kaupungistumisen ja hiljattaisen seksuaalisen vapautumisen myötä perinteiset arvot alkoivat murtua. Pakkolakeja, jotka rajoittivat yksilön oikeutta päättää omasta kehostaan, ei nähty enää ajankohtaisiksi välineiksi suomalaisessa sosiaalipolitiikassa.
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Sivkov, Ilia N. [Verfasser], W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hergert, L. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sandratskii, and K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kokko. "Tuning spin-dependent transport properties of atomic-scale junctions : an ab initio Study / Ilia N. Sivkov ; W. Hergert, L. Sandratskii, K. Kokko." Halle, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1116954052/34.
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Galčiūtė, Rima. "Išgyvenamumo statistinė analizė, sergant kraujotakos susirgimais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060620_140935-34749.
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SUMMARY The goal of the present thesis is to ascertain patients functional classes changes of various time after surgery, investigation of the other factors, which may stipulate recovery state (alive or die) and to estimate investigation of other factors, which may stipulate survival time. The investigation was carried out in two stages. During the first stage, the data was accumulated for processing (investigation of the pairwise independence of variables); the second stage implied solution of the statistical tasks (solution of the tasks, which correspond to the goals of the thesis). The methods of data analysis, the model of binary logistic regression, the descriptive methods for survival data and regression model for survival data were applied. 120 patients, who survived the mitral valve incompetence, were investigated and it was ascertained that functional class depends on difficulty of disease. The Sign‘s and Wilcoxon‘s tests assisted us in drawing the conclusion that statistical significance of surgery produce an impact upon the functional class to the 6‘th month and from 2‘th year to the 6‘th year. The model of the binary logistic regression assisted us in drawing the conclusion that functional class, acute disease and operation time produce an impact upon recovery state (alive or die).
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Tittikpina, Nassifatou Koko [Verfasser], and Claus [Akademischer Betreuer] Jacob. "Bio-analytical study of plants used in traditional medecine in Togo / Nassifatou Koko Tittikpina ; Betreuer: Claus Jacob." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142919749/34.
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Nakamura, Jun. "Cognitive semantics of the qualitative suffix in the Japanese spatial demonstratives koko, soko, and asoko: SPACE, THING, and TIME." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/19451.
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This thesis is the first systematic study of Japanese spatial demonstratives from cognitive and pragmatic points of view. The morphology of Japanese demonstratives is composed of series of forms having the deictic roots the KO- 'proximal', SO- 'medial' and A- 'distal' plus various qualitative suffixes. This study focuses on the -ko suffix for the spatial category mainly in the exophoric (deictic) use. Studies of Japanese demonstratives have a long history, in which the deictic root of demonstratives, KOSOA, has been scrutinized as a three-term system of demonstratives. However, qualitative parts of deictic expressions have not been paid much attention. This thesis carries out an in-depth semantic analysis of the -ko suffix separated from the deictic roots KOSOA, which results in defining meanings of the -ko suffix without the influence of the notion DISTANCE, and also analyzes the pragmatic relationships between the conceptual properties of the -ko suffix revealed in this study and the deictic contrasts of KOSOA. Secondly, construal alternatives of demonstrative pronouns between the -ko suffix 'place' and the -re suffix 'thing' are examined in order to illustrate how different conceptualizations of the facets of the same referent are expressed by these alternative forms. Finally, based on the conceptual properties of the -ko suffix, it will investigate how spatial demonstratives can be employed as temporal expressions transferring from the SPACE domain to the TIME domain. The main methodology of this thesis is a discourse based analysis, the data for which consists of one thousand examples of the -ko suffix mainly collected from three texts (two novels and one essay) and extra examples from various novels and the Internet. Key concepts from the cognitive and pragmatic approaches for the discussions include the deictic centre, image schemas, deictic contrasts, and construal alternatives.
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Svensson, Jessica. "Rättvisemärkts roll i kakaoekonomin i Ghana." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Culture and Communication, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12129.
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<p>Kakaobönderna tillhör några av de fattigaste människorna i världen. En grupp bönder i Ghana insåg att deras förutsättningar skulle förbättras om de samarbetade. Kuapa Kokoo är resultatet, ett kakaokooperativ som grundades när en grupp odlare beslöt sig för att gå samman för att bättre kunna ta del av vad marknaden har att erbjuda. Rättvisemärkt certifierade Kuapa Kokoo, vilket innebar att kakaobönderna nu var delaktiga i Rättvisemärkts mål om att förbättra deras arbets- och levnadsvillkor.</p><p>Jag valde att titta närmare på Rättvisemärkt då organisationens verksamhet ofta framställs som något positivt av media. Intervjuer med kakaobönderna tyder på att deras levnadsstandard har förbättrats genom Kuapa Kokoo. Rättvisemärkts arbete har, enligt bönderna, medfört att de nu får en skälig lön, som betalas ut i tid, för sitt arbete; de har pengar till mat; de har råd att skicka sina barn till skolan; råd att betala för sjukvård, och har numera brunnar med rent vatten. </p><p>Den här socialantropologiska studien behandlar även kritikernas argument mot Rättvisemärkt. Till skillnad från medias positiva bild av Rättvisemärkt har jag i olika sammanhang även kommit i kontakt med kritiskt inställda människor. Det gjorde mig nyfiken på att se vilka argument kritikerna lägger fram, och om de kan utgöra en skälig grund till att ifrågasätta Rättvisemärkts arbete. Deras slutsats är att konsumenten hjälper utvecklingsländernas befolkning mer genom att inte köpa rättvisemärkta varor. </p>
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Bokma, F. (Folmer). "Why most birds are small – a macro-ecological approach to the evolution of avian body size." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2004. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514273451.
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Abstract There are more small-bodied species of birds than those having large bodies. Generally, and relative to occurrance in any one place, small-bodied species also contain more individuals than large-bodied species. The same patterns have been documented for several groups of higher organisms for example, snakes, flowering plants and mammals, which suggests that there exists a general reason "why", which applies to other groups of species as well as to birds. This thesis attempts to identify this reason. In the first place, it is possible that most species happened to become small-bodied by chance. Simulations of neutral body-size evolution indicate however that the observed bias towards small size is stronger than that accounted for by neutral evolution. Then, the most plausible explanation for why most species are small is that small-bodied species speciate faster. However, statistical analyses accounting for historical relatedness of present-day species indicate no relation between body size and the rate of speciation. Finally, instead of little by little, the dominance of small species may have arisen suddenly, when approximately 65 million years ago (presumably) a large meteorite hit the earth, causing mass extinctions. However, analysis of body sizes and genetic differences of extant species reveals that while avian species numbers were approximately halved, the catastrophe affected small and large species equally. Thus, the reason why most species are small does not seem to be due to differential rates of speciation or extinction. Instead, the cause appears to be in the tempo and mode of evolution. It was found by analysis of extant species' body size that probably most differences in body size between species arise at the moment of speciation. Differences between small-bodied species are smaller than between large-bodied species and probably this difference also has its origin at the moment of speciation. Consequently, groups of small species stay small whereas groups of large species are more variable in body size, so that in the end most species are small<br>Tiivistelmä Maailman noin 10 000 lintulajin joukossa pienikokoisia lajeja on enemmän kuin suurikokoisia. Yleensä pienkokoiset lajit ovat myös yksilömääriltään suurempia kuin samalla paikalla esiintyvät suurikokoiset lajit. Koska sama ilmiö on havaittu monissa muissa suurissa eliöryhmissä (esim. nisäkkäät, käärmeet ja kukkakasvit), on ilmeistä, että on olemassa yhteinen syy, joka pätee niin linnuissa kuin muissakin eliöryhmissä. Tämän väitöskirjan tavoite on selvittää, mikä tämä yhteinen syy voisi olla. Ensinnäkin on mahdollista, että suurin osa lajeista on kehittynyt pienikokoisiksi aivan sattumalta. Ruumiin koon evoluution simulaatiot kuitenkin osoittavat, että on hyvin epätodennäköistä, että neutraali evoluutio olisi johtanut pienikokoisten lajien suuriin määrään havaitussa määrin. Toinen mahdollinen selitys ilmiölle on, että pienikokoiset lajit lajiutuvat nopeammin. Tilastolliset analyysit, jotka ottavat huomioon nykyisin elävien lajien sukulaisuussuhteet, osoittavat ettei ruumin koon ja lajiutumisen vauhdin välillä ole yhteyttä. Kolmas mahdollinen selitys pienikokoisten lajien suurelle määrällä on historiallinen. On mahdollista, että pienikokoisten lajien suhteellisen suuri määrä syntyi nopeasti noin 65 miljoonaa vuotta sitten tapahtuneen massasukupuuton seurauksena, joka fossiiliaineiston perusteella kohdistui erityisesti suurikokoisiin maaeläimiin (esimerkiksi dinosauruksiin). Vertaileva analyysi nykyään elävien lintulajien ruumiin koosta ja geneettisistä eroista osoittaa, että vaikka suuri osa lintulajeista hävisi massasukupuutossa, tämä katastrofi karsi lajeja riippumatta niiden ruumiin koosta. Näyttää siis siltä, etteivät erot lajiutumisen tai sukupuuttojen esiintymisessä selitä sitä, että suurin osa lajeista on pienikokoisia. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella syy näyttäisi sen sijaan olevan ruumiin koon kehityksen vauhdissa ja siinä tavassa, jolla kehitys yleensä etenee. Analyysi nykyisten lajien ruumiin koosta paljasti, että suurin osa eroista lajien välillä syntyy (evolutiiviessa aikataulussa) suhteellisen nopeasti lajiutumistapahtuman yhteydessä (punktualismi) eikä vähitellen pitkien aikojen kuluessa (gradualismi), kuten yleensä oletetaan. Kehityslinjojen sisällä pienikokoisten lajien väliset erot ruumiin koossa olivat pienempiä kuin isokokoisten lajien väliset erot - ja todennäköisesti myöskin tämä ero syntyy lajiutumisen yhteydessä. Tämä johtaa evoluution kuluessa tilanteeseen, että alunperin pienikokoisista lajeista kehittyneet lajit ovat myös pienikokoisia, kun taas isokokoisten lajien kehityslinjoissa on nähtävissä huomattavasti paljon enemmän vaihtelua ruumiin koossa. Näiden seurauksena eliöstöissä suurin osa lajeista lopulta on pienikokoisia
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Huhtakangas, J. (Jaana). "Evolution of obstructive sleep apnea after ischemic stroke." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224343.
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Abstract In Finland, the costs of stroke are approximately 1.1 billion euros annually due to long disability and hospitalization episodes. Sleep apnea is a risk factor for stroke. The prevalence of sleep apnea among stroke patients is unknown because sleep recording is not usually performed on stroke patients. There are no previous studies investigating the association of thrombolysis on the prognosis of sleep apnea. The relation between sleep apnea and cardiovascular events is still unclear. In this prospective, observational study, I recruited voluntary, consecutive ischemic stroke patients over the age of 18 years who were or were not eligible for thrombolysis treatment. The investigators did not affect the treatment and patients were not randomized to thrombolysis. The final analysis included 204 patients; of these, 110 underwent thrombolysis therapy and 94 were treated without thrombolysis. Cardiorespiratory polygraphy was carried out with a portable three-channel device (ApneaLinkPlus™, Resmed, Sydney, Australia) at the ward within 48 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms. The cardiorespiratory polygraphy was repeated at home after a six-month follow-up. Both automatic scoring and manual scoring pointed out excellent agreement in arterial oxyhemoglobin decrease of > 4% (ODI4), lowest arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2) or percentage of time spent below 90 percent saturation. The automated scoring underestimated the severity of sleep apnea, recognized poorly the type of event, and missed 18.6% of sleep apnea diagnoses. The total prevalence of sleep apnea in this study was 91.2% on admission to hospital. The stroke patients treated with thrombolysis had more, and more severe sleep apnea in the first sleep recording compared to those without thrombolysis therapy. After follow-up, the prevalence of sleep apnea still remained high, and sleep apnea was aggravated in two thirds of the stroke patients. The study patients without thrombolysis treatment had six-fold higher risk for incident sleep apnea after the follow-up. The stroke patients with thrombolysis therapy and visible stroke on CT had more nocturnal hypoxemia and higher obstructive apnea index than the patients without stroke lesion on follow-up CT 24 hours after thrombolysis treatment. The larger the ischemic stroke volume, the greater the time spent with saturation below 90%<br>Tiivistelmä Aivoinfarkti on yleinen ja kansanterveydellisesti sekä taloudellisesti merkittävä sairaus, jonka aiheuttamat kustannukset Suomessa ovat noin 1.1 miljardia euroa pitkistä työkyvyttömyys- ja sairaalajaksoista johtuen. Uniapnea on aivoinfarktille altistava tekijä. Uniapnean esiintyvyys suomalaisilla aivoinfarktipotilailla ei ole arvioitavissa, koska aivoinfarktin sairastaneille ei yleensä tehdä unirekisteröintiä. Kannettavat yöpolygrafialaitteet saattaisivat olla vaihtoehto aivoinfarktipotilaiden uniapnean diagnosoinnille. Tutkittua tietoa liuotushoidon yhteydestä uniapnean ennusteeseen ei ole. Uniapnean sekä sydän- ja verisuonitapahtumien syy-yhteys on edelleen epäselvä. Rekrytoin prospektiiviseen tutkimukseeni vapaaehtoisia, peräkkäisiä yli 18-vuotiaita iskeemiseen aivoinfarktiin sairastuneita liuotushoidettuja ja liuotushoitoon soveltumattomia potilaita. Tutkimuksen lopullinen potilasmäärä oli 204, joista 110 sai liuotushoidon ja 94 hoidettiin ilman liuotusta. Kaikille potilaille tehtiin yöpolygrafia kannettavalla, kolmikanavaisella yöpolygrafialaitteella (Apnealink Plus, Resmed, Sydney, Australia) osastolla 48 tunnin kuluessa sairastumisesta. Yöpolygrafia toistettiin potilaan kotona kuuden kuukauden kuluttua. Sekä automaattitulos että manuaalisesti arvioitu unirekisteröintitulos olivat erittäin yhteneväisiä, kun arvion kohteena olivat happikyllästeisyyden neljän prosenttiyksikön suuruiset pudotukset tuntia kohti, matalin veren happikyllästeisyys tai alle 90 % happikyllästeisyyden osuus yöstä. Automaattianalyysi aliarvioi uniapnean vaikeuden, havaitsi huonosti hengityskatkosten tyypin eikä löytänyt 18,6 prosenttia uniapneadiagnooseista. Uniapnean esiintyvyys koko aineistossa oli sairaalaan tullessa 91,2 %. Liuotushoidetuilla potilailla todettiin ensimmäisessä rekisteröinnissä enemmän uniapneaa ja se oli vaikeampaa kuin ei-liuotushoidetuilla. Seurannassa uniapnean määrä pysyi edelleen korkeana ja uniapnea vaikeutui kahdella potilaalla kolmesta. Liuotushoitoon soveltumattomilla aivoinfarktipotilailla todettiin liuotushoidon saaneisiin verrattuna kuusinkertainen riski sairastua uniapneaan puolen vuoden aikana. Liuotushoidetuilla aivoinfarktipotilailla, joilla oli infarktimuutos kuvantamistutkimuksessa, oli yöllistä valtimoveren happikyllästeisyyden huononemista ja ylähengitysteiden ahtautumisesta johtuvia hengityskatkoksia enemmän kuin niillä potilailla, joilla ei todettu iskeemisiä muutoksia aivokuvantamisessa 24 tuntia liuotushoidon jälkeen. Mitä suurempi aivoinfarktin tilavuus, sitä suuremman osuuden yöstä veren happikyllästeisyys oli alle 90 %
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Noreika, Marius. "Mirtingumo nuo galvos smegenų insulto prognozavimo modeliai ir programinės priemonės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_143821-99512.
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Mirtingumo nuo įvairių ligų įvertinimas ir prognozavimas pagal atlikto tyrimo duomenis – dažnas statistinės analizės uždavinys medicinoje. Juose siekiama prognozuoti tikėtiną mirčių nuo tiriamos ligos skaičių, susirgimo tam tikra liga tikimybę ar išskirti rizikos grupes, įvertinant tyrimo metu surinktų stebimos populiacijos imties kintamųjų duomenis ir nustatant, kokia priklausomybę juos sieja. Pagrindiniai šio darbo tikslai: susipažinti su statistikos metodais, taikomais mirtingumo duomenų analizei; sudaryti statistinės analizės modelius turimiems mirtingumo duomenims; realizuoti sudarytus modelius programiškai, panaudojant SAS sistemą ir SAS makro programavimo galimybes. Panaudojus Puasono, logistinės ir Kokso regresin��s analizės metodus sudaryti mirtingumo nuo galvos smegenų insulto (GSI) prognozavimo modeliai. Sudaryti modeliai realizuoti programiškai, panaudojus SAS programavimo kalbą, SAS/IML posistemės galimybes ir SAS makro programavimo priemones. Sukurti regresinės analizės modeliai ir programines priemonės panaudotos Kauno medicinos universiteto Kardiologijos instituto 1980-2004 metais atliktų tyrimų metu surinktų Kauno miesto 25-64 m. amžiaus gyventojų mirtingumo nuo GSI duomenų analizei atlikti.<br>Estimation and forecasting of mortality from various diseases are very frequent data analysis tasks in medicine nowadays. In order to estimate expected number of deaths, probability to die from a disease or trends in mortality we should apply the most suitable statistical methods. Data analysis models were created using Poisson, logistic, Cox regression methods and realized in SAS macros. Created software also contains models for goodness of fit analysis, graphical visualization and prepares a report of data analysis in RTF (Rich Text Format) format. Analysis was made for mortality from stroke data among Kaunas population aged 25 to 64 during the period 1980-2004. The study contains the description of applying created data analysis models, SAS macros and received results.
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小畑, 豊美, Atsumi Obata, 義美 伊藤 та Yoshimi Ito. "中学生の心の居場所の研究 : 感情と行動及び意味からの考察". 名古屋大学情報文化学部・名古屋大学大学院人間情報学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7794.
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Komulainen, S. (Silja). "Effect of antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure during exposure to cold:experimental study in normotensive and hypertensive subjects." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514286131.
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Abstract The aim of the present study was to describe the effects of different types of cold exposures on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and to test how these cold-induced effects are modulated by antihypertensive drugs representing different kind of mechanisms of action. The tested drugs represented the following antihypertensive drug subgroups: metoprolol from beta-blocking agents, carvedilol from alfa- and beta-blocking agents, lisinopril from angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, eprosartan from angiotensin II antagonists, amlodipine from calcium channel blockers and hydrochlorothiazide from diuretics. The main outcome measures were the levels and changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and HR before, during and after cold exposure. The normotensive and mildly hypertensive subjects were exposed either to –15°C for 15 minutes (with winter clothing), 5°C for 45 minutes (minimal clothing) or to a cold pressor test (CPT). Before measurements at –15°C, metoprolol, carvedilol, lisinopril, eprosartan, hydrochlorothiazide or placebo were given for a week in a double-blind and crossover manner. In one test procedure (5°C and CPT) the test subjects ingested amlodipine for three days or were without drug ingestion before the tests in a crossover manner. Both SBP and DBP were markedly increased by all types of cold exposure. Cold-induced rises of SBP/DBP were higher during the exposure to 5°C and –15°C (19–35/20–24 mmHg) than during CPT (13/16 mmHg). Metoprolol, carvedilol, lisinopril, eprosartan and amlodipine decreased the level of BP during the exposure to 5°C and –15°C compared to placebo or no drug. The antihypertensive drugs, with dosages used in this study, did not affect the cold-induced rise of BP compared to no drug or placebo. HR increased during CPT, but decreased during exposure to 5°C and –15°C. Metoprolol and carvedilol decreased HR during exposure to –15°C compared to placebo. The present study demonstrates for the first time the effects of antihypertensive drugs on BP in hypertensive subjects exposed to cold similar to normal outdoor exposure in winter. Although the magnitude of the cold-induced rise in BP was not affected by the drugs, the drug-induced decrease in the level of BP kept the peak values in the cold closer to the recommended threshold limit values<br>Tiivistelmä Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää eri mekanismeilla vaikuttavien verenpainelääkkeiden vaikutusta verenpainevasteisiin ja sydämen lyöntitiheyteen kylmässä sekä verrata erilaisten kylmäaltistusten vaikutusta verenpaineeseen ja sydämen lyöntitiheyteen. Tutkitut lääkkeet edustivat seuraavia verenpainelääkeryhmiä: metoprololi beetasalpaajia, karvediloli yhdistettyjä alfa- ja beetasalpaajia, lisinopriili ACE-estäjiä, eprosartaani angiotensiini II antagonisteja, amlodipiini kalsiumestäjiä ja hydroklooritiatsidi diureetteja. Tärkeimmät mitatut vasteet olivat systolisen ja diastolisen verenpaineen ja sydämen lyöntitiheyden tasot ja muutokset ennen kylmäaltistusta, kylmäaltistuksen aikana ja sen jälkeen. Lisäksi mitattiin lämpötilavasteita ja tuntemuksia. Normo- ja hypertensiiviset koehenkilöt altistettiin joko –15°C:seen 15 minuutin ajaksi (talvivaatetuksessa), 5°C:seen 45 minuutin ajaksi (minimaalisella vaatetuksella) tai tehtiin ns. käden kylmävesitesti (CPT). Testisarjoissa (–15°C) metoprololi, karvediloli, lisinopriili, eprosartaani ja hydroklooritiatsidi tai plasebo annettiin viikon ajan kaksoissokko- ja vaihtovuoromenetelmällä. Yhdessä testisarjassa (5°C ja CPT) koehenkilöt ottivat amlodipiinia 3 päivän ajan tai olivat ilman lääkettä ennen testikertoja vaihtovuoroisessa järjestyksessä. Kaikki kylmäaltistustyypit nostivat merkittävästi sekä systolista että diastolista verenpainetta. Systolisen ja diastolisen verenpaineen nousu oli korkeampi koko kehon kylmäaltistuksissa (5°C tai –15°C) (19–35/20–24 mmHg) kuin ns. kylmävesitestissä (13/16 mmHg). Metoprololi, karvediloli, lisinopriili, eprosartaani ja amlodipiini laskivat verenpaineen tasoja koko kehon kylmäaltistuksessa verrattuna plaseboon. Yksikään verenpainelääkkeistä ei vaikuttanut merkittävästi kylmän aiheuttamaan verenpaineen nousuun verrattuna tutkimuskertaan ilman lääkettä tai plaseboon. Sydämen lyöntitiheys nousi ns. kylmävesitestin aikana, mutta laski koko kehon kylmäaltistuksissa (5°C ja –15°C). Metoprololi ja karvediloli laskivat sydämen lyöntiheyttä kylmäaltistuksessa (–15°C) verrattuna plaseboon. Tämä tutkimus kuvaa ensimmäistä kertaa, kuinka verenpainelääkkeet vaikuttavat verenpainetasoihin ja -vasteisiin kylmäaltistuksessa, joka simuloi tyypillisiä ulko-olosuhteita talvella. Vaikka lääkkeet eivät estäneet kylmän aiheuttamaa verenpaineen nousua, ne laskivat verenpaineen tasoa, jolloin verenpaine pysyi kylmässäkin lähempänä suositusrajoja
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Kraatari, M. (Minna). "The heritability and genetic risk factors of Modic changes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220550.
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Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is a highly prevalent musculoskeletal condition and the leading cause for workplace absenteeism. Lumbar disc degeneration (DD) is considered as a contributing factor to LBP. The role of genetic factors in the development of lumbar DD has been demonstrated to be significant, with heritability estimates ranging from 64% to 81%. Modic change (MC), a distinct phenotype of lumbar DD, is a subchondral and vertebral bone marrow change revealed only by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MC has been associated with LBP in both clinical samples and the general population. The genetic background of MC is largely unknown, and the heritability of MC has not previously been assessed. The aim of this study was to assess the heritability of MC using a twin study, identify predisposing genetic factors for MC in a family-based design using whole-exome sequencing and to identify genetic loci associated with MC using genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis. An additional aim was to study the prevalence, incidence and morphology of MC. The data consisted of two general population samples, the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) and TwinsUK from the United Kingdom, as well as two Finnish families from the Oulu region. MC was found to be partly heritable with a heritability estimate of 30%. Two novel candidate genes, HSPG2 and MAML1, were found co-segregating with MC in two Finnish families. Both genes are important in the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes. Finally, a genetic locus on chromosome 9 was found to be significantly associated with MC using genome-wide meta-analysis of NFBC1966 and TwinsUK. These results showed that genetic factors play a role in the development of MC. In conclusion, this thesis increased the knowledge on the genetics of MC. However, the specific roles of these genes need to be studied further<br>Tiivistelmä Alaselkäkivun kansaterveydellinen merkitys on suuri, sillä jopa 84% aikuisista kärsii siitä elämänsä aikana. Selkäkivun vuoksi Suomessa kertyy yli 2 miljoona sairauslomapäivää vuodessa. Välilevyrappeumaa pidetään merkittävänä tekijänä alaselkäkivun synnyssä ja perinnölliset tekijät selittävät välilevyrappeuman synnystä jopa 74%. Modic-muutokset ovat selkärangan välilevyjen päätelevyjen ja subkondraalisen luun muutoksia, jotka voidaan havaita ainoastaan magneettikuvauksella. Niitä pidetään välilevyrappeuman alatyyppinä. Modic-muutosten on osoitettu olevan yhteydessä alaselkäkipuun, mutta etiologia tunnetaan huonosti. Perinnöllisyyden osuutta Modic-muutoksien synnyssä ei ole aiemmin tutkittu ja niiden taustalla vaikuttavat geneettiset tekijät ovat pääasiassa tuntemattomia. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli arvioida perinnöllisyyden osuutta Modic-muutoksissa kaksoisaineistossa, tunnistaa Modic-muutoksille altistavia geneettisiä muutoksia perheaineistossa käyttäen eksomisekvensointia ja tunnistaa genomin alueita, jotka assosioituvat Modic-muutoksiin. Tutkimus perustui kahteen väestöperäiseen aineistoon: Pohjois-Suomen Syntymäkohorttiin 1966 ja TwinsUK-kaksosaineistoon Yhdistyneistä kuningaskunnista sekä kahteen pohjois-suomalaiseen perheeseen. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin, että Modic-muutokset ovat perinnöllisiä ja, että perinnölliset tekijät selittävät noin 30% niiden ilmenemisestä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tunnistettiin kaksi uutta alttiusgeeniä; HSPG2- ja MAML1-geenit. Molemmilla geeneillä on tärkeä rooli rustosolujen kasvamisessa ja erilaistumisessa. Tutkimuksessa myös tunnistettiin kromosomista 9 genomin alue, joka assosioituu Modic-muutoksiin. Väitöskirjassani osoitettiin, että perinnöllisillä tekijöillä on merkitystä Modic-muutosten synnyssä. Kokonaisuudessaan tämä väitöskirja kasvattaa ymmärrystä Modic-muutoksista, mutta lisätutkimusta aiheesta tarvitaan
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Kangas-Kontio, T. (Tiia). "Genetic background of HDL-cholesterol and atherosclerosis:linkage and case-control studies in the Northern Finnish population." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295812.
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Abstract Coronary heart disease (CHD), a manifestation of atherosclerosis, is the leading single cause of death in Finland. CHD is affected by numerous genetic and environmental factors, their combined effects and interactions between them. Low HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and the most common dyslipidemia associated with early onset CHD, but the mechanisms regulating HDL-C levels and protecting from atherosclerosis are still not completely understood. Adiponectin is a hormone that is secreted by adipose tissue and has several anti-atherosclerotic effects. There is multiple evidence suggesting that adiponectin could protect against CHD via positive effects on HDL metabolism. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic growth factor that has a potentially conflicting role in atherosclerosis; it may have protecting or predisposing effects. The objective of this thesis was to study the genetic background of HDL-C regulation and atherosclerosis. Three studies were executed using extended families with CHD or case-control setting, with samples collected from Northern Finland. In the first study, seven chromosomal regions showing suggestive evidence of linkage were identified for HDL-C regulation, using genome-wide linkage approach. In the second study, we found a strong correlation between HDL-C and adiponectin, but failed to show evidence of a shared genetic background. However, a genetic correlation between adiponectin and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was revealed. We also studied the genetic regulation of adiponectin, and for the first time its most active form, high-molecular weight adiponectin, and found suggestive evidence of linkage to three chromosomal regions. In the third study, it was discovered that the studied VEGF gene polymorphisms did not have a major effect on atherosclerosis quantified as carotid intima-media thickness or the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This thesis presents potential regions for the genetic regulation of HDL-C and adiponectin and gives new information about their relationship and the effect of VEGF polymorphisms in atherosclerosis. The strong correlation between adiponectin and HDL-C was further strengthened, but we failed to show a shared genetic background between them<br>Tiivistelmä Sepelvaltimotauti, eräs valtimonkovettumataudin ilmentymä, on yleisin yksittäinen kuolinsyy maassamme. Taudin syntyyn vaikuttavat lukuisat geneettiset ja ympäristötekijät sekä niiden väliset yhteis- ja vuorovaikutukset. Pieni HDL-kolesterolipitoisuus on valtimonkovettumataudin itsenäinen riskitekijä ja yleisin kolesterolipoikkeavuus, joka liittyy varhain ilmenevään sepelvaltimotautiin. HDL-kolesterolin vaihtelun syitä ja tämän "hyvän kolesterolin" sepelvaltimotaudilta suojaavia vaikutusmekanismeja ei kuitenkaan pystytä täysin selittämään. Adiponektiini on rasvakudoksen tuottama hormoni, jonka sepelvaltimotaudilta suojaavan ominaisuuden on ehdotettu johtuvan siitä, että se vaikuttaisi HDL-kolesterolin aineenvaihduntaan. VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) on verisuonten sisäseinämissä vaikuttava kasvutekijä, jolla saattaa olla joko sepelvaltimotaudilta suojaavia tai sille altistavia vaikutuksia. Väitöskirjatyön tavoitteena oli tutkia HDL-kolesterolin ja valtimonkovettumataudin geneettistä taustaa. Kolmessa osatyössä tutkittiin suuria pohjoissuomalaisia sepelvaltimotautisukuja; lisäksi käytettiin väestö- ja potilasaineistoja. Ensimmäisessä tutkimuksessa löydettiin koko genomin kytkentäkartoitusmenetelmällä seitsemän kromosomialuetta, jotka saattavat vaikuttaa HDL-kolesterolin säätelyyn. Toisessa tutkimuksessa selvitettiin adiponektiinin, ja ensimmäistä kertaa myös sen aktiivisimman muodon, HMW-adiponektiinin geneettistä taustaa. Kytkentäanalyysissä saatiin viitteitä kolmesta adiponektiineja mahdollisesti säätelevästä kromosomialueesta. Havaittiin myös, että HDL-kolesterolin ja adiponektiinin pitoisuudet korreloivat vahvasti keskenään, mutta yhteistä geneettistä säätelytekijää ei pystytty osoittamaan. LDL-kolesterolin ja adiponektiinin välillä kuitenkin havaittiin geneettinen korrelaatio. Kolmannessa tutkimuksessa todettiin, ettei tutkituilla VEGF-geenin nukleotidimuutoksilla todennäköisesti ole merkittävää syy-yhteyttä valtimonkovettumatautiin kaulavaltimoiden sisäseinämän paksuudella tai sydäninfarktiriskillä mitattuna. Tämä tutkimus tuo uutta tietoa HDL-kolesterolin ja adiponektiinin geneettisestä säätelystä ja niiden suhteesta sekä VEGF-geenin nukleotidimuutosten osuudesta valtimonkovettumataudissa. Tutkimus vahvistaa edelleen HDL-kolesterolin ja adiponektiinin yhteyden, muttei pysty osoittamaan niille yhteistä geneettistä tekijää
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Mahlman, M. (Mari). "Genetic background and antenatal risk factors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526219530.
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Abstract Advances over the past few decades in ante- and neonatal care have led to the survival of a growing number of premature infants of extremely low gestational age. However, the occurrence of serious diseases, particularly those affecting the most immature infants, remains high. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of premature infants, is one such disease. Our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of BPD is incomplete; consequently, there are few preventive and therapeutic options for BPD. Moreover, it is challenging to predict the risk of BPD. Previous studies of BPD in twins revealed that the heritability of BPD is quite high. However, the individual genes that predispose premature infants to BPD are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify and study genes associated with BPD in order to investigate its pathogenesis. An additional aim was to add to knowledge of the risk of BPD in newborn premature infants, with an emphasis on twins. A candidate gene study found no consistent association between common polymorphisms of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and BPD. A second candidate gene study noted an association between the gene encoding Kit ligand and BPD. A genome-wide association study found a suggestive association between a locus close to the gene encoding C-reactive protein (CRP) and BPD, and in subsequent analyses, plasma levels of CRP during the first week of life predicted BPD. Finally, a nationwide register study found that the risk of BPD was lower in twins than in singletons. The results of this study add to what is known of the genetics and pathogenesis of BPD. They also provide new data on the risk of BPD, which may be used to improve early identification of infants for whom the risk of developing BPD is high<br>Tiivistelmä Ennenaikaisen syntymän ja keskoslasten hoidon kehittymisen myötä yhä useammat huomattavan epäkypsinä syntyneet lapset jäävät henkiin. Samalla erityisesti juuri näitä lapsia uhkaavien sairauksien esiintyvyys on pysynyt korkeana. Bronkopulmonaalinen dysplasia (BPD, keskosen krooninen keuhkosairaus) on yksi näistä sairauksista. BPD:n molekyylitasoinen tautimekanismi on vielä osin tuntematon, eikä BPD:tä tehokkaasti estävää tai siitä parantavaa hoitoa ole. Myös BPD riskin arvioiminen vastasyntyneen keskoslapsen kohdalla on vaikeaa. BPD on huomattavan perinnöllinen tauti. BPD:lle altistavista geeneistä on kuitenkin vasta vähän tietoa. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä tietoa BPD:n tautimekanismista tutkimalla BPD:lle altistavia geenejä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin BPD:n esiintyvyyttä ja syntymää edeltäviä riskitekijöitä erityisesti kaksosten osalta. Ehdokasgeenitutkimuksessa verisuonten endoteelikasvutekijää koodaava geeni ei assosioitunut toistuvasti BPD:hen. Kit ligandia koodaava geeni sen sijaan assosioitui. Koko genomin assosiaatiotutkimuksessa C-reaktiivista proteiinia (CRP) koodaavan geenin lähistöltä löydettiin BPD:hen mahdollisesti assosioituva alue. Lisäksi ensimmäisen viikon CRP-arvojen osoitettiin ennakoivan myöhemmin kehittyvää BPD:tä. BPD-riskin todettiin olevan matalampi kaksi- kuin yksisikiöisistä raskauksista syntyneillä lapsilla. Tutkimuksen tulokset lisäävät tietoa BPD:n perinnöllisyydestä ja sitä kautta BPD:n tautimekanismista. Tutkimus toi myös uutta tietoa BPD:n riskitekijöistä parantaen vastasyntyneen keskoslapsen BPD-riskin arviota
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Abbasov, Dmitrij. "Jazyková ideologie a politika ve vztahu k regionálním dialektům od 2. sv. války do současnosti." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-387857.
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The aim of this thesis is to trace the change of language ideology and policy towards regional dialects in Japan from World War II to the present. The first part defines the concepts of dialect, language ideology and language policy, and presents a historical overview of the region of Northeast Japan (the Tōhoku area) and its dialects. The second part provides a diachronic perspective on the development of language policy in relation to the Japanese regional dialects; the third part focuses on the manifestations of language ideology in relation to dialects of northeastern Japan in three literary works and three television programs (two serialized morning dramas and one evening show). The conclusion of the paper summarizes the tendencies in the development of perception and rendering of dialects of northeastern Japan.
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Hsieh, Hsuan-Chi, та 謝鉉騏. "The Transition of “Time Concept” in Prewar Taiwan―Centering on “Kokugo Dokuhon” ― = 戦前台湾における「時間概念」の変遷―「国語読本」を中心として―". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/as77tz.
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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>日本語文學系<br>104<br>1896（明冶29）年1月1日、台湾・澎湖諸島は勅令百六十七号（標準時ニ関スル件）により、法律上正式に「グリニッチ標準時」の世界に入った。しかしながら、このような変化の影響は政府及び政府と接触する民衆に限り、一般の台湾人の生活に影響を与えなかった。
そういうけれども、統治早期、国語を授けることを主な目的としていた公学校にとって、もう一つの役割は台湾人を「文明に同化する」である。そして、公学校の教育システムは伝統の書房教育にとって、間違いなく斬新的な生活の規律であった。そこで、元来伝統的な「十二時辰」で時間を計算する台湾人はどのように近代的な「十二時間制」により生活するようになったのか？このような問題は生活の規律の変化を探究しても完全に解決できない。それゆえ、本論文は台湾総督府に編纂された「国語読本」、いわゆる公学校の授業時間数の比率で一番長い時間を占める国語科の教科書でこの問題を探究する。そのほか、小学校の「国定国語読本」との比較により、公・小学校の時間教育についての差異を求める。
本論文は公・小学校「国語読本」についての比較と同時に現実社会の変化も考えた。そのため、本論文も李春生・呉德功・洪棄生・張麗俊四人の遊記や日記により、清国統治時代で漢文教育を受けた人の日本統治時代での新たな時間観念の受容程度を探究する。この四人を選んだ理由は身分背景のほか、作品の年代も違うからである。本論文は三篇の遊記を主として、それぞれ日本統治初期と中期で時間の変化を見て、日記でその年代を貫いて、知識人の時間観念の変化を探究する。
最後に、公学校「国語読本」での時間教育の変化と旧知識人の時間観念の変化との結果により、本論文の最終目的を達する。いわゆる、台湾漢人社会の中で、伝統的な時間制度の使用から大幅に近代的な時間制度の大幅な使用の変化過程である。
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SHUHEI, TOMAMOTO, та 笘本周平. "Predisposition of Verse in Kokugo Textbook for Public School in Taiwan.-in Terms of"Assimilation" & "Alienation"=公学校用国語教科書における詩の傾向－「同化」と「疎外」の観点から". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a56grg.
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碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>日本語文學系<br>106<br>台湾は明治28（1895）年に日本に割譲され、昭和20（1945）年に日本の第二次世界大戦の敗北に至るまで日本統治時代が続いた。その間、台湾では近代的な教育制度が整えられ、日本語が国語として教えられた。台湾の国語教育において画期となったのは明治31（1898）年に公学校令（勅令第178号）が制定され台湾人児童が教育を受ける体制が始まり、続いて明治34（1900）年に台湾総督府が教科書を発行したことであった。以来公学校の教科書は一貫して台湾総督府によって作られた。
明治28（1895）年の日本の台湾割譲から昭和20（1945）年の領台放棄まで台湾総督府は計5回にわたって国語教科書を発行している。台湾における教育は日本への同化教育と位置づけられ、とりわけ国語教育の普及と深化は日本統治時代を通じて一貫して最重要の課題であった。
本稿では特に台湾人向けの公学校の国語教科書の詩歌を取り上げ、「同化」と「疎外」の二面の観点から詩歌を分析し、詩歌の内容の傾向及び変遷を考察する。対象の教科書は台湾人の漢民族児童向けの公学校用教科書であり、ここで取り上げる詩歌は口語詩（自由律、定型含む）、文語詩（自由律、定型含む）、短歌、俳句である。
詩歌は最初の第1期国語教科書（発行時期：明治34（1901）年～明治36（1903）年）でこそ全209課中わずか4課でしか扱われておらず、その内容もかなり短いものである。しかし第5期国語教科書（発行時期：昭和17（1942）年～昭和19（1944）年）には全235課中実に53課が詩単独ないしは詩が挿入されている単元であり、詩歌というジャンルだけ見ても国語教育の質的、量的な変化の双方が反映されている。即ち、詩歌の中には形式的には定型詩、自由律詩、文語詩、口語詩、和歌、俳句等があり、更に内容的にも児童詩から国粋的な詩まで様々なものが存在し、詩の様式を調査すればそれだけ国語教育の質的、量的変遷の充実が証明できる。
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HUANG, LI HSUAN, and 黃麗璇. "Diverse Aspects of Mind in Natsume Soseki's Kokoro." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06046632251094295174.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>日本語文學系<br>90<br>The conflict produced from the distance between human's hearts is one of important themes often appears in Soseki's novels. It is because that the more for us to approach human's heart, the more difficult inconsistency and difficult collisions will arise, and that will make relationships more complicated, hardly for people to understand what are the real thoughts in other's heart. According to description of this text, to explore the aspect of various hearts hidden in reactions and actions of man is the starting point of this paper. This novel was combined in the memoirs and a will written by two persons belonging to different generations. "I" who wrote the memoirs was able to understand Sensei only from "my" own position. And "I" who wrote the will was painful in most of his life because he also could understand surrounding persons only from the position of "I". We can feel that this kind of unrealizable lonesomeness was strongly suggested in this novel. People did try hard to find where the troubles are in their relationships with others, but they always missed the chance to realize it because of persisting some personal reasons. Finally they still could not understand each other and trapped in solitude forever. Other character’s hearts are burdened their own lonesomeness, too. So that is a hint for me to think about: what kind of complicated feelings do these lonely people have and how is the situation in relationship between master and disciple, husband and wife, friend and friend, and parent and child? "Suspicion", "distance of the heart", "crimes", "death", etc. may be the best indices of reading this novel and providing us some clues to solve these questions I referred. Besides, what kind of influence does suspicion has on people's relationships, and how is distance of the heart formed are also the prime issues of this paper. By sticking to this novel, I want to show clearly how this work scooped out the aspect of man's heart minutely.
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ning-hui, Chen, and 陳寧蕙. "A Study of Natsumesoseki's "Kokoro" : Focused on "Home"." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27865476914622965729.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>日本語文學系<br>94<br>The main focus of this thesis is the character WATAKUSHI in NATSUMESOSEKI’s masterpiece “KOKORO” This thesis is based on the second part of the book named “CHYU” which describes WATAKUSHI’s interaction with his parents, and the major purpose is to discuss the “home” theme in this masterpiece. Literature review reveals that related studies of “KOKORO” in recent years were focused on the first and third part of the work. The author of this thesis looked into the publication, background and the nature of the content to inspect the position and importance of WATAKUSHI under the multi-layers of the masterpiece. At the same time, the author made the symbolized “home” image in the work the center of this study.The second part of the work describes the relationship between 私 and his family. The readers can conceive the concept which “hometown” equals “home” in the masterpiece. In addition, the reason that SENSEI and K’s leaving home (leaving their hometown behind) in the second part of the work is financial problem. The ideal image of “home” for each of them was derived from analyzing their reasons of leaving.During SENSEI and K’s inhabitation, the feminine family originally formed by the daughter SHIZU and the mother OKUSAN has transformed into a mutation home which has no ties of blood. In this thesis, their unique relationship and the last straw which leads to collapse were discussed. After the death of K and OKUSAN, SENSEI and SHIZU formed a family with only a couple. Their relationship also changed after WATAKUSHI lived with them. The second mutation home in this study is the one which is constituted by three people, WATAKUSHI, SENSEI and SHIZU. The inheritance problem in each family in NATSUMESOSEKI’s masterpiece “KOKORO” are traditionally from father to son. However, the fifth mutation home seems to imply that the female character SHIZU is the inheritance. In the work “KOKORO”, what is the role of female characters in the home? The study of sex issue would be a good topic in future research.
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(6646640), Troy Turner. "PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PROPOSAL TO REDUCE KOKOMO TRANSMISSION PLANT’S ELECTRICAL DEPENDENCY." 2019.
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<div>Automotive manufacturers are striving to go green, while exceeding the expectations of their stakeholders. The Engineering Technology Capstone Project focused on implementing a photovoltaic (PV) system at the Kokomo Transmission Plant (KTP). The installation of a PV system will reduce KTP’s dependency on fossil fuels, while reducing their carbon footprint. The capstone project is to improve KTP’s environmental impact while reducing their electrical consumption cost in kilowatt per hour (kWh). The capstone project investigated the type of roof mounted PV system, maintenance, cost, benefits and environmental impact.</div>
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JUNICHI, NARITA, and 成田純一. "The Research about [ Kokoro ] by Souseki --- The Suicide of Sensei and K." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04052259989395318649.
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Smith, Claude. "You are not alone self-identity and modernity in Neon Genesis Evangelion and Kokoro /." 2008. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11102008-095518/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2008.<br>Advisor: Yoshihiro Yasuhara, Florida State University, College of Asian Studies, Dept. of Asian Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed February 20, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 35 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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TSAI, TZUNG-WEI, та 蔡宗維. "The research in onomatopoeia of Chinese and Japanese―Take Souseki Natsume’ｓnovel “kokoro”for an example―". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ky9r2d.
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碩士<br>開南大學<br>應用日語學系<br>105<br>In Japanese, a Giseigo (擬聲語)/Gitaigo (擬態語), like onomatopoeia in English, is a word briefly describing sounds, actions, conditions or emotions of creatures or objects that can make an expression more vivid and lifelike.
One can find abundant, nearly 4500 entries in a Japanese onomatopoeia dictionary. However, although words of similar forms also exist in Chinese (Xiang Sheng Ci 象聲詞 and Xiang Tai Ci 象態詞), their classification, phonological structures and numbers are seldom carefully evaluated and remained undefined.
This study analyzes Souseki Natsume's Kokoro and its three Chinese translations to examine how onomatopoeia are translated in Chinese, while comparing sentences between these versions to figure out their traits, techniques, conditions and difficult parts when translating such a literary work. In the Chapter III, figures of the frequency of all onomatopoeia in Kokoro are made to discuss their differences between the source text and the target text from the aspects of phonology and syntax. In the Chapter IV, the onomatopoeia of the source text are compared with those of the target text to evaluate the performance of each Chinese version, and the translations are sorted by the researcher into four categories of "appropriate translation," "poor translation," "omission" and "amplification" to further discuss the rules, traits and difficulties in translating onomatopoeia. In the Chapter V, the above mentioned outcomes will be covered to review the weakness of this study, while providing suggestions for future related researches
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Hsu, Ya-Ju, and 許雅茹. "The Application of Japanese Modern Literatures to Japanese Education in Taiwan—A Case of Natsumesoseki’s “Kokoro”—." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86612297268724683977.
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碩士<br>銘傳大學<br>應用日語學系碩士班<br>98<br>When researching the work of literature, we usually put emphases on the reading of literature and the interpretation of the culture. However, in Japanese literature works, there are some basic elements in them, like time background, culture and phrases. Studying Japanese with Japanese literature works can also learn time background, culture and phrases. Japanese Education is one of the famous teaching targets in Graduate School of Applied Japanese, Ming Chuan University. Therefore, it can be possible to consider literature works as teaching material. This paper is a study with an example of Natsumesoseki’s “Kokoro” put in Japanese textbooks. In order to apply Japanese modern literatures to Japanese Education in Taiwan, we borrow the experience of literature education in Japan to match the needs of Japanese learners in Taiwan, to pick up the problems of Japanese literature education in Taiwan, and provide the strategies.
Concerning the methods of the research, the first step is demonstrate the condition about Japanese literature education in Taiwan and Japan and then analyze it. The courses in Taiwan colleges are divided into major ones and optional ones. With the charts and graphs, we analyze the condition about Japanese literature education in Taiwan. In Japan, we apply the basis to the condition about Japanese literature education in Japan, “the class records of Natsumesoseki’s ‘Kokoro.’” Moreover, we find 10 students in graduate school of Japanese in north Taiwan to do the questionnaire; we can find the key points in Japanese literature education in Taiwan. In this paper, there are two strategies to improve. One is the application of the techniques of fiction and the other is the interpretation of the culture.
Although my thought was submitted in this research, if something can be helpful to Japanese language education, it will be thought that it is happy.
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YANG, CHIEN-TZU, and 楊監資. "Development of kokum butter- and candelilla wax- solid lipid nanoparticles for encapsulation of curcumin." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dagu3r.
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Shepherd, Lara Dawn. "Ancient DNA studies of the New Zealand kiwi and wattlebirds : evolution, conservation and culture : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements of Doctor of Philosophy in Molecular BioSciences at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1499.
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Following content removed due to copyright restrictions: Lambert, D. M., King, T., Shepherd, L. D., Livingston, A., Anderson, S. & Craig, J. L. (2005). Serial population bottlenecks and genetic variation: translocated populations of the New Zealand saddleback (Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater). Conservation Genetics 6: 1–14. Perrie, L. R., Shepherd, L. D.& Brownsey, P. J. (2005). Asplenium ·lucrosum nothosp. nov.: a sterile hybrid widely and erroneously cultivated as ‘‘Asplenium bulbiferum’’ Plant systematics and evolution 250: 243–257<br>Ancient DNA was used to provide a temporal perspective for examining a number of evolutionary, conservation and cultural questions involving members of the New Zealand avifauna. Ancient mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were used to examine the past levels and patterns of genetic diversity in the five species of New Zealand kiwi (Apterygidae). Brown kiwi, particularly in the South Island, exhibited high levels of genetic structuring with nearly every population exhibiting private mitochondrial haplotypes. The extinction of a large number of brown kiwi populations has, therefore, led to the loss of a large amount of genetic variation in these species. The past ranges of great spotted kiwi and the three brown kiwi species, whose bones are morphologically indistinguishable, were determined. This information can aid conservation programmes aiming to re-introduce kiwi to regions where they are now extinct. In contrast to the high level of genetic structuring in South Island brown kiwi, the majority of little spotted kiwi samples from the South Island shared a common haplotype. The difference in phylogeography between brown kiwi and little spotted kiwi is hypothesised to relate to differences in their dispersal behaviour and/or their population histories. The addition of ancient samples of little spotted kiwi from the North Island indicated a complex relationship with great spotted kiwi. Nuclear microsatellite DNA markers were isolated from North Island brown kiwi and tested for cross amplification in the other kiwi species. Five loci were polymorphic in all kiwi species. Preliminary analyses of genotyping results indicated that the kiwi species were distinguished by assignment tests and that subdivision may occur within several of the species. An extensive reference database of modern and ancient mtDNA sequences was used to determine species and provenance of a number of unlabelled museum subfossil bones and skins. This method was also used to examine provenance of brown kiwi feathers from Maori artefacts (cloaks and baskets). Ancient DNA methodology was also used in a molecular examination of the relationships of a second endemic avian family, the New Zealand wattlebirds (Callaeatidae). Analyses of nuclear gene sequences, c-mos and RAG-1, revealed kokako, saddleback and huia comprised a strongly supported monophyletic group. A divergence time estimate for the New Zealand wattlebirds indicated that they are more likely to have arrived by transoceanic dispersal than have a Gondwanan origin. Sequences from three mtDNA genes, 12S, ND2 and cytochrome b, were also analysed but could not resolve the relationships between the three genera. Microsatellite DNA from the extinct New Zealand huia exhibited considerable genetic variation, exceeding that found in extant North Island saddleback, from which the loci were isolated. Assignment tests indicated no genetic structuring within huia, although interpretation was complicated by a lack of provenance details for many of the skins. The results presented here suggest that ancient DNA can not only provide information about the relationships of extinct taxa but also demonstrates the importance of placing the present day genetic diversity found in endangered taxa within the context of past patterns and levels of genetic variation.
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LU, CHI-MING, and 盧啟明. "The Study of “Den-doo Hoo-koku” Identity of Taiwan Christians during Japanese Colonial Period (1937-1945)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71487333549191208065.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>歷史學系<br>99<br>During the final stage of the Japanese imperial rule, the Japanese government promoted a series of policies which intended to rally the national strength. As a result, these policies rendered its religious policy stricter. The then-commonly used slogan “Den-doo Hoo-koku” (“Evangelizing for Patriotism”) actually implies two level of meanings—Kingdom of Heaven and Japanese Empire. In order to practice their belief, Christians shifted their concern from static church service to active social service, revealing a structural change in their understanding of faith connotation, national consciousness, nationality, and church-state relations. The main thrust of this dissertation discusses the issue of identity in the mindset of “Evangelizing for Patriotism” among the Taiwanese Christians during the war time. The issues of dual identifies, shift of Christian role and character, and interaction with government across social boundaries were also included in this paper.
The conclusion in this paper indicates that, in the mid-1930s, various aspects of church movement were prosperous. Christians built up their sense of honor through history, politics, study of Bible, and series of reform movements. Evangelists also kindled conversion and revival among Christians. The positive attitude, changes based on life experience, and related doctrine of the church were also discussed. Christians at this period assumed the responsibility to improve church and society. In the mean time, an awakening of the faith identity as “Sons of the Kingdom” was initiated and gradually consolidated.
In 1937, the policy of Japanese Imperialization got underway, its main scheme being heightening of national spirit, Japanese learning, and restructuring of religious groups. Meanwhile, Christians thought they should take the responsibility to help those who had lost their faith. By 1940, foreign mission workers were expelled and Taiwanese Christians gradually conformed to the wartime system, acknowledging the power and success of the Empire and the progress of the Japanese Christianity. The identification with "the Royal People of the Empire" reached its heights.
With the intensification of the war in 1941, the service structure of Taiwan Christianity was established. Failing to join the United Church of Christ in Japan, Taiwanese churches were soon incorporated into the United Church of Christ in Taiwan which was dictated by the colonial government. Under the political and religious oppression and discriminatory policies, Christians in Taiwan turned patriotism into concern for homeland and local affairs.
Sunday school is the primary means of religious education for children and was quite influential at the early stage of the Japanese colonial rule. However, during the wartime, the effect and impact of Sunday school gradually dwindled due to the merger of the churches and the introduction of Japanese learning. By the end of war, with the official intervention, Sunday school was replaced by social studies. Such process provides a medium for Taiwanese Christians to appraise the propriety of Sunday school courses and evaluate the significance of the mindset of “Evangelizing for Patriotism.”
We may conclude that the final stage of the Japanese imperial rule is a time of “Evangelizing for Patriotism.” The religious belief and faith identity among Taiwanese Christians remain the same before and after the war. They always urged themselves to preach the Gospel and work for evangelism. Nonetheless, their political stance shifted with the change of political situations. Taiwanese Christians had the consciousness that it was their social responsibility to evangelize for the sake of the nation. In order to protect the common interest of Taiwan and concern for their homeland, Taiwanese Christians chose to cooperate with Japanese government and Japanese Christians. In the context of their colonial suffering experience, Christians scrutinize their beliefs and re-discover their identification with homeland. To sum up, the mindset of “Evangelizing for Patriotism” will remain an important issue for Christians of every generation to review and reflect.
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Adjogblé, Koku Zikpi [Verfasser]. "Biochemische und funktionelle Charakterisierung eines neuen "Dense-granules"- Proteins von Toxoplasma gondii: GRA9 / vorgelegt von Koku Zikpi Adjogble." 2004. http://d-nb.info/971753792/34.
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Kemper, Gertrud [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung kognitionspsychologisch konzipierter Bild-unterstützter Präsentationssequenzen (KoKo-BuPS) : Anwendung kognitionspsychologischer Prinzipien auf Präsentationen zur Wissenskommunikation / vorgelegt von Gertrud Kemper." 2005. http://d-nb.info/97430767X/34.
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Van, Herpt Sarah Michelle. "Effects of translocation on kokako (Callaeas cinerea wilsoni) song and its application to management : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conservation Biology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1355.
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This thesis fills a research gap in our knowledge of kokako song by looking at how song evolves in multi-dialect areas. Kokako only exist in small remnant populations separated by large tracts of unsuitable land. Kokako are very poor flyers, only able to fly for approximately 100 metres at a time. In order to prevent inbreeding and a loss of genetic diversity in the remaining kokako populations, managers are carrying out translocations to establish new populations, maintain gene flow and prevent inbreeding. However, these translocations have the potential to be unsuccessful because kokako exhibit macrogeographic variation in their dialects, and tend not to breed with individuals who do not share the same dialect as them. If the purpose of the translocation is to enhance genetic diversity by having kokako from different areas breed then song is an important factor that must be dealt with. Song is extremely important to kokako for a number of reasons. Chiefly, it is hypothesised that song is their primary means of territory defence. A kokako gains all its resources from its territory, so it is imperative that they successfully defend it. Their duet song functions in territory defence, but also acts to form and maintain pair bonds. In order to try and address the problem that song causes in translocations I studied if and how song evolves in a multiple dialect area. I conducted research at Pukaha Mount Bruce, where there is a population of kokako originating from two different source populations, and thus two different dialects, Northern Mapara and Mangatutu. I looked at the Northern Mapara dialect, and recorded kokako belonging to three groups; kokako currently living in the source population, kokako that were translocated to Pukaha and kokako that were born at Pukaha. In order to determine how the song may be changing I looked at element repertoires, the levels of sharing between groups, the number of unique elements in repertoires and the syntactical and temporal characteristics of phrases. This study shows that translocation into multiple dialect areas can affect kokako song. Translocation did not affect the size of the kokako repertoire, but it seemed to affect the amount of sharing within and between different groups of kokako. Currently the level of sharing within the groups at Pukaha is lower than the level of sharing within the source Mapara population, indicating that the song may be diverging. There also seem to be more unique elements found at Pukaha, which in part explains the lack of sharing. There appears to be microgeographic variation at Pukaha, with birds clustered around the second (Mangatutu) dialect sharing less with the source population than do those kokako whose territories are lower down in the reserve. The phrases which are used are also evolving, with only one phrase truly shared among all groups. There are other phrases which show additions or deletions of elements, and so are evolving. The main change found in the phrases is the timing between elements, with six out of seven phrases examined showing changes. These results have repercussions for future kokako translocations, and the future of the Pukaha kokako. A low amount of phrase and element type sharing combined with changes of intra-phrase timing could lead to the Pukaha kokako’s inability to successfully defend their territories. This research shows how kokako song can give conservation managers information on the status of their populations in regards to interbreeding and raises questions which can be answered by further research, both at Pukaha and in other mixeddialect kokako populations.