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1
Hladíková, Eva. "Náklady na terapii Diabetes mellitus a jeho pozdní komplikace." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125240.
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This thesis is devoted to one of the most serious diseases of the 21st century. Diabetes mellitus is a disease which affects millions of people around the world. The work is divided into two main units. The first part deals with basic theoretical knowledge about this disease. It deals with the history, classification of diabetes and its treatment. Also deals with the complications associated with diabetes and diabetic educating themselves. The second section provides a practical demonstration run diabetes clinic. The aim of this work is to estimate the cost of treatment of diabetes mellitus I. and II. type and estimated cost of the treatment of late complications of the disease.
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Brychová, Kateřina. "Analýza míry perioperačních komplikací po hysterektomii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191922.
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The thesis charts the rate of perioperative complications after removal of the uterus from non-malignant causes in two different medical facilities and compares them with the indicators in the DRG classification system to determine whether this is suitable for tool for the quality assesment of health care in health facilities.
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Metelková, Kateřina. "Diabetes mellitus a její dopad na státní rozpočet ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113329.
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This thesis deals with quantifying the costs of treatment of disease, which is by experts described as pandemic of the 21st century, diabetes. In the Czech Republic, the costs of treatment represents more than 6 % of total health expenditures and its quantity is growing, as well as the number of patients. The main goal is to determine costs of treatment for the 1st and the 2nd type of diabetes and the post-treatment complications associated with this disease using up-to-date statistical data and methodology called Pilot analysis of pharmacoeconomic aspects of diabetes mellitus treatment. This thesis also evaluates the change in regulation announcement in the CR and the Czech Republic's approach to diabetes as an incurable disease.
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Houska, Adam. "Akutní komplikace ventilační péče." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-268924.
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Hudcová, Martina. "Komplikace u nositelů kontaktních čoček - vliv péče o kontaktní čočky na vznik a rozvoj komplikací." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-293337.
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Balíčková, Miroslava. "Komplikace gynekologické endoskopie - prevence vzniku." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-270632.
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This thesis submits retrospective analytic study evaluating peroperation and early postoperation complications of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH). The aim of this thesis was to find out: what peroperation and early postoperation complications of LAVH occur on patient file to analyze individual types of complications on patient file to compare the results of retrospective study with national indications (with the help of national register of complications of gynaecological laparoscopy) discuss possible prevention of the most severe complications of LAVH The text part is devoted to indications and contraindications of laparoscopic operation, and complications that may occur during operation and describes the execution of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. The information necessary for the thesis is based on operation records of patients operated in the years 2000 - 2004 in ÚPMD. Data shown are processed with the aim to answer to the questions mentioned above. Further in the thesis there are presented the results of the study and their evaluation. I analyzed peroperation and early postoperation complications of LAVH in the file of 394 patients operated in the year 2000 - 2004 in ÚPMD. The peroperation or early postoperation complications occurred in cases of 154 (39%)...
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Kačer, Martin. "Infekční komplikace po transplantaci ledviny." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353599.
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3 Abstract Infectious complications after kidney transplantation In the general part of this work, the most common and typical infectious complications in renal transplant recipients are reviewed. The practical part presents results of our research on prevention of the most common infection in renal transplant recipients, cytomegalovirus infection. Globally, infection belongs amongst the main causes of morbidity of solid organ recipients and is the second leading cause of mortality in patients with a functioning kidney graft. In the first year post kidney transplant, approximately one half of recipients undergo a clinically apparent infectious complication and 20% of patients are hospitalized due to infection. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection in kidney transplant patients and its occurence is associated with serious negative consequences for both kidney and patient survival. Prevention of CMV is essential in renal transplant recipients. Valganciclovir, due to its efficacy and good bioavailability, is the most commonly used antiviral agent used in CMV prophylaxis. The only currently recommended alternative for the prevention of CMV in patients undergoing renal transplantation is valacyclovir. So far, studies comparing valacyclovir and valganciclovir for CMV prophylaxis in renal...
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Vaněčková, Eva. "Antifosfolipidový syndrom a komplikace v těhotenství." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-272145.
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Antifosfolipidový syndrom je autoimunitní onemocnění charakterizované středními až vysokými hladinami antifosfolipidových protilátek v krvi a rekurentními venózními nebo arteriálními trombózami. V souvislosti s těhotenstvím byl APS definován jako jedna z příčin opakovaných těhotenských ztrát, ke kterým může dojít kdykoli v průběhu těhotenství. Na rozdíl od sporadických těhotenských ztrát, ke kterým nejčastěji dochází v období pre-embryonálním a embryonálním, u žen s APS je pozorována neobvyklá proporce těhotenských ztrát v období fetálním. Těhotenství žen s pozitivními antifosfolipidovými protilátkami jsou navíc komplikována placentární insuficiencí, předčasným porodem, preeklampsií a intrauterinní růstovou retardací. Tyto důsledky vyplývají z rozmanitého působení antifosfolipidových protilátek, jejichž nejčastějšími mechanismy jsou navození hyperkoagulačního stavu systémově nebo lokálně v uteroplacentární jednotce a zasahování do procesu invaze trofoblastu, jeho růstu a funkce. Opakované těhotenské ztráty jsou v současnosti považovány za léčitelnou komplikaci spojenou s antifosfolipidovým syndromem. Jeho diagnostika, která je založena na klinických a laboratorních kritériích, je velmi důležitá, neboť při vhodně zvolené léčbě většina žen dosáhne úspěchu. Jak se shoduje většina odborníků, efektivní...
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Frank, Adrianna Natalie. "Akutní komplikace diabetu a jeho následky." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-285541.
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The basis of this thesis is intended to inform the reader about the general complications of acute diabetes mellitus and its consequences. It focuses on the general definitions of the diseases, etiology, morbidity, mortality, pathogenesis of the disease, clinical presentation, treatment, and future developments in hopes of treating the disease. The major focus highlights the differences between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, as well as understanding the complications of diabetic hypoglycemia. The most critical effects of these disorders are also emphasized; cerebral edema, vascular thrombosis, and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
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Krnáčová, Veronika. "Hypoglykémie jako akutní komplikace diabetes mellitus." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311611.
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Title of thesis: Hypoglycaemia as acute complication of diabetes mellitus Author of thesis: Mgr. Veronika Krnáčová (roz. Vlčková) This thesis was focused on hypoglycaemia as adverse drug reaction of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, nateglinide and repaglinide, which have been launched to the UK market and on severe hypoglycaemia (SH) requiring the assistance of Emergency medical service (EMS) in region of Hradec Králové. Observed factors were described in two separate sections. Hypoglycaemia as adverse drug reaction of selected oral antidiabetics Aim The aim of this study was to quantify the incidence of hypoglycaemic events during the first nine months of treatment with newly launched oral antidiabetics, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, nateglinide or repaglinide, prescribed by general practitioners in England, to observe pattern of these events over time, to look for patients' characteristics which could influence the incidence of hypoglycaemia and to analyse the relationship between use of concomitant anti-diabetic therapies and the incidence of hypoglycaemia in patients treated with pioglitazone. Methods We used data collected for prescription-event monitoring (PEM) studies of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, nateglinide and repaglinide. PEM is an observational, non-interventional, cohort study. Incidence...
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Kielberger, Lukáš. "Infekční komplikace při chronickém selhání ledvin." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342341.
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INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE Infections represent a serious problem in chronic kidney disease (cohort and they are) associated with signifficant morbidity and mortality. The thesis originated in the nephrology division of the Department of Internal Medicine I., Charles University Teaching Hospital and Medical Faculty in Pilsen, an institution with a long standing research activity in the field. In the theoretical part of this work, a general summary of infectious complications in chronic kidney disease population is presented. The other part of this work presents results of our research dealing with pharmacoeconomical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection and finally our results in the field of influenza vaccination. The Aim of the first presented work was to evaluate the cost impact of four different strategies for prevention of cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. We provide post hoc analysis of 2 randomized studies performed in our department and calculating direct CMV-related expenses using valacyclovir prophylaxis, ganciclovir prophylaxis, preemptive vlaganciclovir treatment and deferred therapy. To simulate ihe impact of varying prices of prharmacotherapy or diagnostic procedures, a sensitivity analysis was performed. With respect to our results, valacyclovir...
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Bouček, Petr. "Vliv transplantační léčby na komplikace diabetu." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321449.
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Microangiopathic (retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) and macroangiopathic complications are the major causes of morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. The main aims of the thesis were the assessment of the effect of pancreas transplantation with long-term normoglycemia on the course of small fibre diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic patients and the comparison of the effect of kidney transplantation on the prognosis of type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Selected parameters of autonomic nerve function (cardiovascular reflex tests and spectral analysis of heart rate variability) and intraepidermal nerve fibre density in skin biopsies were assessed prospectively following simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetic patients. In type 2 diabetic patients, patient and graft survival and the occurrence of complications following kidney transplantation were retrospectively compared to matched non-diabetic controls. Advanced stages of diabetic neuropathy were present in type 1 diabetic patients at the time of transplantation and no significant improvement was seen in any of the assessed parameters following pancreas transplantation with long-term normoglycemia, which is indicative of the presence of irreversible structural small nerve fibre changes. Following kidney...
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KABELOVÁ, Kristýna. "Hyperkoagulační stavy v graviditě a jejich komplikace." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394669.
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Hypercoagulable states occur when the process of hemostasis is disturbed. It manifests as a deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. It is also one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. There are two factors- genetic and acquired. Inherent factors involve coagulation inhibitor deficiency, prothrombin gene mutation and activated protein C resistance. Acquired factors include antiphospolipid syndrome, pregnancy, overweight etc. The analytic part of the thesis is focused on the effect of a low molecular weight heparin. It was shown in many theses that the LMWH could have a negative impact on a parturition complications or a week of parturition, a birth weight. The results of statistical analysis show that there is a coherence between the week of parturition and the type of parturition. What is more, the anticoagulation drug therapy shows a positive effect on the week of parturion. The data used in the thesis originate in laboratory information management system of Clinical Haematology ward in the hospital Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s.
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Vrzalová, Marie. "Přínos a komplikace chirurgické léčby refrakterní epilepsie." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341901.
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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the benefits and complications of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy. The criterion for the selection of patients was undergoing preoperative long-term monitoring. Information were obtained from six patients after 2-3 years r of surgery using the narrative interview and questionnaire QOLIE 89, which evaluates the quality of life. The interview was analyzed using grounded theory while the information obtained from questionnaire were used only as supplement and comparison of the results. Overall evaluation of questionnaire QOLIE 89 was in standard in five of six patients which is against the results obtained in interviews. Comparing risks and complications with benefits of surgical treatment of refractory epilepsy in the observed group was evaluate as problematic. Patients expected more positive benefit of the treatment and improving the quality of life. Keyword: epilepsy, surgical treatment, nursing care, quality of live
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Clausen, Maria. "Komplikace v těhotenství: epidemiologie a rizikové faktory." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-275218.
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Pregnancy is a normal, healthy state which most women aspire to at some point in their lives. Yet this normal process carries with it serious risks of death and disability to mother, child or both. The worst outcome of these complications is maternal or fetal death. In this work, the focus will be on maternal death, maternal mortality ratio worldwide, causes and to review what is done in order to prevent and decrease the high number of avoidable deaths. The fact is that worldwide, eight million women suffer pregnancy-related complications and over half a million young women die every year as a result of complications arising from pregnancy and childbirth. 99% occur in developing countries. Most of these deaths could be avoided if preventive measures were taken and adequate care available, this including adequate nutrition, improved hygiene practices, family planning available for all, antenatal care, skilled health workers assisting at births, emergency obstetric and newborn care, and postnatal visits for both mothers and newborns. In developing countries, one woman in 16 may die of pregnancy-related complications compared to one in 2800 in developed countries.
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Hodák, Július. "Akutní a život ohrožující komplikace diabetu mellitu." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-280943.
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Diabetes mellitus presents complex problem that every doctor meets with during his practice regardless of his specialization. Acute complication can develop also during hospitalization, for example at surgery, neurology, psychiatry and others departments. We recognize two main groups within acute complications of diabetes mellitus, namely acute metabolic complications and hypoglycaemic syndrome connected with diabetes therapy. Three clinical units belong to acute metabolic complications. They covers diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome and laktat acidosis. Lactat acidosis and hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome are the most important from the view of mortality. Lactat acidosis are uncommon complications in Czech and Slovak republic. It especially appears at diabetics during therapy with biguanids. It can appear also when contraindications with metformin are not respected. The prevention also includes rational prescription of medicine, for example with respect to their possible interaction with sulfonylureo antidiabetics hypoglycemic influence and self - monitoring of glycaemia at home environment. It is necessary to respect contraindication of individual medicines and prevent polypragmazia. Every doctor, who takes care of diabetics, must find enough time to educate so important...
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Nielsen, Silje Kaarstein. "Komplikace v těhotenství - epidemiologie a rizikové faktory." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-285854.
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Complications of pregnancy are the problems that are associated with pregnancy. The routine problems are common complications, and pose no significant danger to either the mother or the fetus. Serious problems can cause both maternal death and fetal death if untreated. Estimates from the World health organization in 2001 suggests that complications during pregnancy and childbirth are responsible for the deaths of 515 000 women each year. Sub-Saharan Africa is the area of greatest mortality. The common causes of maternal mortality worldwide are hemorrhage, infections, eclampsia, unsafe abortions and many more. Ectopic pregnancy occurs in about 1-2% of pregnancies. The incidence has increased the past decades, likely due to increased incidence of salpingitis, improved detection, increased maternal age, tubal sterilization techniques, assisted reproductive techniques, and the use of tubal surgery. The miscarriage of an early pregnancy is the commonest complication , with one in two conceptions lost before the end of the first trimester. Risk factors for miscarriage include increased maternal age, uterine abnormalities, infections, and chemical agents like tobacco.
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Drbohlavová, Šárka. "Komplikace systémové trombolýzy u pacientů s CMP." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-386888.
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Strokes are one of the most serious diseases that often lead to permanent disability and in some cases even to death. Currently, widely available treatment by intravenous thrombolysis is recommended. The objectives of this diploma thesis are to analyse complications that may arise for patients with iCMP treated by intravenous system thrombolysis, to define the role of a nurse in ICU in terms of taking care of this group of patients, and to map all the factors influencing the result of the treatment. In order to obtain the data necessary, combined research method has been applied. The quantitative part was retrospectively evaluated based on SITS Registry data. The research part comprised of patients, to whom IVT was applied between January 2014 and December 2015. The subjects of the analysis were treatment complications, gender of patients treated by IVT, risk factors present, time data, and heaviness of the deficit before the treatment and after. Furthermore, we observed where is the patient released to after IVT and how many patients are able to stay in home environments three months after the treatment. Qualitative part of the investigation was evaluated based on half-structured interviews with the nurses working in ICUs for highly specialized care for patients with stroke. We observed their...
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Polachová, Monika. "Komplikace sondové enterální výživy u idiopatických střevních zánětů." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398539.
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The diploma thesis is devoted to complications of enteral nutrition in patients with idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases. The incidence of these diseases has increased in recent years. Nutritional support is an important part of the treatment and the possibility of improving the nutritional status of patients, which plays an important role in responding to other forms of treatment itself or in pre-operative preparation. All forms of artificial nutrition might also cause certain complications. The subject of this work is to observe the complications of enteral nutrition, their solutions and the possibilities of their prevention.
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Cyrany, Jiří. "Syndrom zanořeného disku jako komplikace perkutánní endoskopické gastrostomie." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-338471.
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Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a widely used method of nutrition delivery for patients with long-term insufficiency of oral intake. Buried bumper syndrome belongs to severe complications of this method, in which the internal fixation device migrates along the tract of the stoma outside the stomach. Even though all the precautions are respected - including adequate positioning of the outer fixator - this complication does occur. The buried bumper syndrome can be managed surgically or endoscopicaly in many modifications. Published series of this syndrome are not robust enough; they differ in its incidence. Some published results indicate increase of the incidence in time, however there is no explanation for this change. Until now there is no universal diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm based on the degree of disc submersion determined by reliable and feasible methods. Dissection of the overgrowing tissue is the determinant for a successful endoscopic therapy, nevertheless methods described until now are clumsy and bear a significant risk of complications such as bleeding and perforation. Forty cases of the buried bumper syndrome in 38 patients were identified in this study based on the retrospective analysis of 1248 procedures with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy implantation during...
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Valeriánová, Anna. "Kardiovaskulární komplikace u pacientů s chronickým renálním onemocněním." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408893.
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Patients with end-stage renal disease frequently suffer from cardiovascular complications. Many factors contribute to their development: hyperkinetic circulation caused by anaemia, fluid retention and by presence of dialysis arteriovenous access; metabolic changes leading to acceleration of atherosclerosis and increase of vascular stiffness and also fluctuation of blood pressure and organ perfusion during haemodialysis, that cause repeated tissue hypoxia. We performed our research on patients in chronic haemodialysis programme. The project studying long-term patency of dialysis access showed that dialysis graft patency is negatively influenced by presence of coronary artery disease and low serum concentrations of cholesterol. In our studies about tissue hypoxia we proved that haemodialysis patients suffer from hypoxia of cerebral tissue and muscle tissue of the dialysis access arm, and that the hypoxia worsens during dialysis. Factors associated with brain hypoxia are presence of heart failure, higher BNP levels and higher erythrocyte distribution width. One of the serious consequences of brain hypoxia is development of cognitive deficit. Among the negative impact of haemodialysis on the heart, we observed left atrial dysfunction, which is a consequence of long-term remodelling and cannot be...
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Krupová, Kristína. "Serom jako následná komplikace po operacích karcinomů prsu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412454.
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Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy Hradec Králové Department: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Kristína Krupová Supervisior: PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, PhD. Consultant: MUDr. Petr Motyčka, PhD. Title of Thesis: Seroma as a follow-up complication after breast cancer surgery Introduction: A seroma is one of the most prevalent postoperative complications of breast cancer surgery. Although it is not a life-threatening complication, it may contribute to the significant patient morbidity, prolong their recovery and consequential hospital stays as well as delay adjuvant therapy. Aim of the thesis: This thesis aimed to look up those patients who experienced the postoperative complication in the form of seroma in the sample of cancer patients who underwent breast cancer surgery. Based on the materials dealing with this issue, we focused on the most frequent factors that may predict the development of this complication and evaluated the impact of the particular factors on the seroma formation and its subsequent puncture. Methods: A total of 240 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent the surgery at the Department of Surgery of University Hospital Hradec Králové in the period from September 1, 2017, to December 31, 2018, were included in the study...
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Šnorová, Markéta. "Mikrovaskulární a makrovaskulární komplikace diabetes mellitus 2. typu." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-355756.
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In my thesis I dealt with the theme of very serious and widespread diseases of civilization posed by diabetes mellitus (diabetes), type 2. Incidence of the disease is considered a pandemic of the 21st century. I focused on macro- and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with the description of type 2 diabetes in terms of its origin, course, diagnosis and treatment, including komplkací. In the practical part I am devoted to a survey of diabetic patients in the waiting rooms of several diabetics. Through the questionnaire, I investigated how respondents have access to their disease. Whether they know their blood glucose levels as they are treated, whether they realize the seriousness of their illness if they have already expressed complications of diabetes and how to approach the treatment, if observe regime measures. The respondents' answers, I analyzed and processed using graphs.
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Zenáhlíková, Zuzana. "Trombofilie a trombotické komplikace u nemocných se závažnou sepsí." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328621.
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Introduction: Thrombotic events are among the most serious complications of sepsis and also the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis. Currently, the administration of low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) is recommended in patients with severe sepsis for prophylaxis of these complications. However, this prophylaxis often fails. Objectives of the study: One of the objectives of our study was to examine changes in haemostasis in relation to the inflammatory response during 15 days of severe sepsis. The next objective was to determine whether a prophylactic inhibition of F Xa in the range from 0.2 to 0.4 IU/mL is achieved in these patients, if they receive the recommended prophylaxis with LMWH. We also recorded the dynamics of changes in the F Xa inhibition during the entire study period. Moreover, we tried to identify the factors that may affect the antithrombotic efficacy of the subcutaneously administered enoxaparin. Patient population and methods: A total of 35 ICU patients meeting the criteria of severe sepsis were enrolled in the study. Only 16 of these patients could be followed throughout the entire 15-day period. Patients were treated according to the current guidelines, including LMWH prophylaxis; enoxaparin (40 mg sc per day) was used in this study....
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Šťastná, Monika. "Komplikace centralnich žilnich katetrů s aplikací 2011 CDC guedlines." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446847.
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In the presented diploma thesis I deal with the issue of proper insertion of short-term central venous catheters, adherence to procedures by medical and non-medical staff according to CDC guidelines 2011 during insertion and subsequent treatment in intensive care in a faculty-type medical facility. The aim of the diploma thesis is to determine the occurrence of complications, especially infectious, the level of adherence to recommended procedures in practice according to 2011 CDC guidelines, central venous catheter manipulation, comparison of real activities with recommendations and mapping the level of knowledge of non-medical staff about short-term central venous catheters. The theoretical part deals with the importance of clinical guidelines, central venous catheter in general, complications associated with the central venous catheter and prevention of infectious complications of invasive inputs. For the empirical part of the diploma thesis, a prospective non- randomized observational study of cannulation and possible complications associated with a short- term central venous catheter according to CDC 2011 guidelines was chosen to determine real procedures for insertion, treatment and removal of a short-term central venous catheter. This was supplemented by an exploratory questionnaire survey of...
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Al, Tashi Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed. "Barrettův jícen: prevalence a komplikace v 10 letém období." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-278732.
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SUMMARY: Barretťs oesophagus is a complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. It is defined as a incomplete intestinal metaplasia. The relevance of this matter is, that Barretťs oesophagus is pre-malignant status. Aim of the study was to analyze retrospective data of upper GI endoscopies in a single centre within 10 years period. A total of 520 (4.6%) cases of Barrett's oesophagus were found out of 18.276 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies, performed in 11.276 patients at a single tertiary centre in a period from 1994 to 2004.. Out of total number of patients there were 348 males (67 %) and 172 females (33 %), the ratio males : females was 2 : 1.
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Lischke, Robert. "Imunosupresivní terapie u pacientů po transplantaci plic a její komplikace." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-268844.
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Induction therapy in lung transplantation: initial single-center experience comparing daclizumab and anti-thymocyte globulin BACKGROUND: Acute and chronic rejection remain unresolved problems after lung transplantation, despite heavy multidrug immunosuppression. In turn, the strong immunosuppression has been responsible for mortality and pervasive morbidity. Because acute rejection is associated with inferior outcomes in lung transplantation, we have routinely employed anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), or daclizumab as adjuncts to reduce rejection. Daclizumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the interleukin-2 receptor. METHOD: We performed a controlled clinical trial of these 2 therapies to determine differences in post-operative rejection, infection, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and survival. 25 consecutive lung transplant patients received ATG (n = 12)(Group 1) and daclizumab (n = 13)(Group2) as induction agents. The groups had similar demographics and immunosuppression protocols differing only in induction agents used. RESULTS: No differences were observed in immediate post-operative outcomes such as length of hospitalization, ICU stay, or time on ventilators. No patient receiving daclizumab developed drug specific side-effects. There were no significant differences in the...
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Králová, Petra. "Dlouhodobé cévní přístupy pro domácí parenterální výživu a jejich komplikace." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-344967.
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Home parenteral nutrition is a treatment enabling the patients with intestinal failure to live their lifes in their home environment. The possibility to commence and practise home parenteral nutrition requires not only a medical and pharmaceutical team, but also paramedical staff, which plays a signifiant part mainly in education of the patient and his close relatives. The study's aim was to characterize the patients involved in the home parenteral nutrition programme (HPN) and catheters used for this purpose and as well to analyze complication rate of the long term catheters related to their use and subsequent care. Into the retrospective quantitative study were included patiens treated with home parenteral nutrition since january 2009 to september 2015 within one nutrition care center. Data collection was realized by research in medical documentation. Altogether 135 patients were included in the study (93 female and 42 male), who have hade 227 catheters inserted in total (114 portcatheters, 73 Broviac catheters and 40 PICC) with 86 187 catheter days. The most frequent basic disease was cancer (36%) and the most prevalent indication to HPN was a short bowel syndrome (50%). Overall complication rate was 2,12/1000 catheter days (1,62 catheter sepsis, identically local infections and thrombotic...
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Štěpán, Martin. "Intraamniální infekční a zánětlivé komplikace spojené s předčasným odtokom plodové vody." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380867.
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Preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before 37. weeks of gestation (PPROM) is responsible for approximately one third of all preterm deliveries. Infection-related complications in PPROM are represented by the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC), intra-amniotic inflammation (IAI) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). The presence of these complications is found in approximately 20-50% of all cases of PPROM and is associated with worse neonatal outcomes. The first specific aim was to evaluate whether maternal serum CRP has a diagnostic value for diagnosis of MIAC and HCA. The study population consisted 386 women. CRP level was the highest in PPROM pregnancies complicated with MIAC and HCA. The second specific aim was to evaluate short-term neonatal outcome in women with PPROM before 34 weeks of gestation. The study population consisted 122 women with PPROM at gestation age 24+0 -34+0 weeks. In neonates was evaluated the influence of MIAC and HCA on neonatal outcome. The presence of both MIAC and HCA increased the risk of early onset sepsis. The third and fourth specific aim was evaluation of an association between periodontal status and infection-related intra-amniotic complications in pregnancies complicated by PPROM and/or evaluation of association between the local...
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Bartoška, Radek. "Zlomeniny trochanterického masivu - klinické, anatomické a biomechanické aspekty, možnosti terapie, komplikace." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347510.
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Hip fractures are mainly problems of the elderly population. The incidence in the Czech Republic is one of the highest in the world. They include a pertrochanteric fracture. One possibility of its therapy is intramedullary nailing. The advantages of the nailing is allowing a sliding effect of the proximal fragment which leads to better contact between fragments. Surgical procedure has its own risks and complications. We decided to evaluate a group of patients with pertrochanteric fractures treated in 2009-2011 with the PFN Medin. We analyzed the sliding effect and factors which can influence it and complications. The study cohort covers 304 patients. We found out that the sliding effect was in 195 cases (67.1%). The type of the fracture did not affect the sliding. There was no significant difference depending on the length or screw placement in the proximal fragment. We found following complications:3 medial displacement (0.9%), 6 varus collapses (1.9%), 4 necroses of the head of the femur (1.3%) , 13 cases of the femoral neck resorption (4.3%), 10 fractures around the nail (3.2%), 4 Z- effects (1.3%) and 3 "cut-out" phenomena (1.0%). We have created a model of stable and unstable fractures with the finite element method. The analyzes focused on the placement of the neck screw, showed that in stable...
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Vejražková, Jitka. "Syndrom bolestivého ramene jako komplikace CMP a možnosti jeho terapeutického ovlivnění." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-290724.
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SOUBRN: Název práce: Syndrom bolestivého ramene jako komplikace CMP a možnosti jeho terapeutického ovlivnění Title of tbesis: Shoulder pain syndrome as a complication of stroke and its treatment possibilities Cíle práce: Cílem této teoretické práce bylo pomocí poznatků z dostupných zdrojů popsat danou problematiku a s využitím shromážděných informací · porovnat obecně platná stanoviska s výsledky provedených studií. Metoda: Tato práce Je rešeršního charakteru. Zvolenou metodou bylo tedy vyhledání dokumentů souvisejících se zadaným tématem, zpracování informací a začlenění získaných dat do kontextu obecně uznávaných poznatků o tématu formou komparativní kritiky. Závěr: Ze získaných informací o běžně uznávaných vědomostech v problematice bolestivého hemiplegického ramene a výstupech plynoucích z výsledků provedených studií vyplývají v mnoha ohledech rozpory a další otázky vhodné k řešení. Polemika plynoucí z rozdílných závěrů naznačuje, že mnohá zavedená dogmata o bolestivém rameni po prodělané CMP by bylo vhodné přehodnotit nebo podrobit dalšímu výzkumu. Klíčová slova: cévní mozková příhoda, iktus, buněčná smrt, syndrom bolestivého ramene, hemiplegické rameno, disabilita, bolest Key words: stroke, ischemie cell death, painful shoulder, hemiplegic shoulder pain, disability, pain 2
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Brindová, Jana. "Výskyt pooperačních komplikací infekčního charakteru na neurochirurgické JIP." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-337094.
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This thesis examines in detail the nature of postoperative infectious complications in patients who underwent brain tumor surgery. It deals with the incidence of these complications and their severity, depending on various factors and suggests the most appropriate nursing procedures used in the care of a patient in whom these complications occurred. For the structure of the work is divided into two parts - theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part deals with the issues examined in terms of the medical field Neurosurgery (closer diagnoses, conditions, operations and other procedures, and complications to occur after these operations or expected performance), analyzes a nursing practice and patient care on neurosurgical ICU, and finally closely examines infections and nosocomial diseases, including a description of the most common types, their agents, diagnosis and treatment. The second, empirical part focuses on the problems from a practical point of view. With the help of set of case studies it closer which specific complications are most commonly found on the neurosurgical ICU in patients after surgery of brain tumors, what are the most common methods of treatment and nursing procedures which are most used in the care of patients with these complications. In conclusion summarizes the...
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Kotrč, Martin. "Komplikace průběhu hospitalizace pacientů s akutním infarktem myokardu léčených primární perkutánní koronární intervencí." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-292449.
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Temu his master's thesis complications during hospitalization in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention of (PCI ) I chose on the basis of his great interest in cardiology and more specifically coronary heart disease. The art wants give both professionally in the future and therefore work gave me deepening of information and knowledge , which, as I hope , do I redeem in the future in their medical practice . Coronary heart disease and mortality either directly to consequences of myocardial infarction or its complications is one The forward civilizačných problems currently . In the Czech Republic was the number of hospitalizations for acute MI in 1996 26026 , the mortality rate was 157.6 males / females and 100,000 109,2 / 100 000 inhabitants . In 2000 it was with acute MI 22 042 hospitalized with a decrease in mortality rates among men 18% and 17% of women . Average , treating time was between the years 1994 and 1999 shortened from 12.7 to 8.9 per day , ie about 30 %. but still diseases circulation system in the Czech Republic remain the leading cause of and causing the death of 54.9 % of all deaths ( ÚZIS , 2000). Prehospitalizačná mortality during the past 30 years decreased only slightly , but on the other hand , due to rapid development of...
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ZIKMUNDA, Tomáš. "Socioekonomický status a jeho vliv na průběh těhotenství." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46194.
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Socioeconomic status and its influence on the process of pregnancy. The dissertation deals with the problems of the influence of the socioeconomic status on the development of pregnancy pathologies. The dissertation is divided into practical and theoretical parts. The aim of the theoretical part is to inform about problems of pregnancy from the medical standpoint and from the social point of view. There is also a treatise about socioeconomic status and its attributes, about fertility and about natality. In the dissertation there is also a chapter that with the problems of family. Research in the practical part was concentraced on the analysis of socioeconomic status and the pregnancy complications of women that gave birth to a child in Havlíčkův Brod Hospitál in a certain period of time. Complex of women was divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of pregnancy and obstetrical complications. Both groups were compared. As the instrument for the data acquisition and questionnaire, the quantitative research strategy was used. The aim of the dissertation was to find some factors refering to the socioeconomic status that might influence pregnancy complications. As the attributes of socioeconomic status that influence pregnancy complications following factors were marked: the highest finished education of woman and profession of woman before maternity leave.
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Pazderník, Michal. "Strukturální a funkční dopady infekční endokarditidy." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326734.
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Despite more recent advances in both medical and surgical therapies, the syndrome of infective endocarditis (IE) continues to be characterized by serious complications, and remains a life-threatening infection. According to data from the World Health Organization, the Czech Republic has one of the highest mortality rates due to this disease worldwide. Despite the severity of illness in this country, very few data have been reported previously regarding investigations of IE in the Czech Republic. Consequently, a retrospective evaluation of local IE cases at one of the country's largest medical centers was conducted. Our aim was to analyze the characteristics of this disease in our country. The greatest interest was devoted to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), etiological agent that has been associated with the worst course of IE episodes. The hypothesis of our study was that infective endocarditis caused by S. aureus, in comparison with other etiological agents, is associated with worse course of the disease. We evaluated the structural (abscess formation, impaired integrity of heart valves, systemic embolism) and functional (incidence of heart failure and conduction disturbances, in-hospital mortality) manifestations of IE. Of all studied parameters, only embolism and S. aureus as the causative agent were...
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Namyslovová, Michaela. "Komplikace léčby v terapeutické komunitě u uživatelů metamfetaminu v kontextu rizikových faktorů spojených s ADHD." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-335198.
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This is a sub-study project on the effect of ADHD on selected mental functioning, life skills and quality of life of clients recovering from addiction in therapeutic communities (Miovský et al ., 2014), which aims, among other things, describe the negative effects of ADHD on the treatment process in the therapeutic community. The incidence of ADHD symptoms in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence is a major complication of treatment. The aim of this thesis is to describe methamphetamine sub-group specifics in the research sample, their assessment in the TC's treatment process and ADHD diagnosis specifity in this group, constitutes up to 70 % of all treatment demand clients (Mravčík, et al., 2014). The method used for data acquisition are: questionnaire, test, interview, observation, computerization of data (IBM SPSS Statistics 20 was used). For data analysis was used descriptive statistics (descriptive and mathematical-statistical analytical processing). Qualitative data were analyzed by using method of clustering, text coloring and simple enumeration. The research sample consisted oh 116 respondents (83 men and 32 women) aged 16-47 years. All agreed to participate the study and had a history of methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine female users started using the drug on average two years...
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Křížová, Libuše. "Výzkum sklivce a vitreoretinálního rozhraní u mikrovaskulárních chorob sítnice se zaměřením na oční komplikace diabetes mellitus." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347500.
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In this work I present conclusions of clinical-laboratory research focused on the patients with diabetic macular edema (DME). We performed biochemical and immunochemical analyses of vitreous samples that were collected during the pars plana vitrectomy. Moreover, at patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) we assessed morphological characteristics of DME using optical coherence tomography (OCT). According to our findings, the vitreous and serum concentrations of uric acid and glucose were significantly higher in patients with diabetic retinopathy and DME compared to controls. Also total ratio (serum/ vitreous concentration) of uric acid and glucose was in diabetics significantly higher than in controls. The most important determinant of increasing concentration of both uric acid and glucose in the vitreous was the grade of diabetic retinopathy. Moreover, we demonstrated significant correlation between vitreous concentration of uric acid and concentration of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with DME and NPDR. We found further, that the volume of the macula (cube volume - CV) computed with the software of Cirrus HD-OCT correlates in diabetics significantly with the vitreous VEGF concentration, but not with uric acid. This OCT parameter could be used to...
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Fejfarová, Vladimíra. "Imunologické abnormality a infekční komplikace u pacientů se syndromem diabetické nohy a terapie syndromu diabetické nohy odlehčením." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-288466.
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The diabetic foot (DF) develops based on a complex of patophysiological processes which are presented in patients with diabetic complications. DF significantly increases a patient morbidity and mortality and markedly impairs the quality of life of these patients. The theme of the dissertation "immunological abnormalities and infection complications in patients with the DF and therapy of the DF by off-loading" was divided into 3 parts: - abnormalities of immune functions in connection with diabetes and its complications, especially with the DF - infectious complications of the DF - therapy of the DF by off-loading. Problems concerning the impairment of immune functions in connection with diabetes and the DF were resolved in 5 studies, infectious complications of the DF in 3 studies and the therapy of the DF by off-loading similarly in 3 studies. Abnormalities of immune functions in connection with diabetes and its complications, especially with the DF The first study deals with the effect of acute hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia on function of PMN cells in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short lasting acute metabolic changes on phagocytosis and the respiratory burst of PMN cells in healthy subjects in vivo. Acute hyperglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia were...
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Kubíková, Veronika. "Kardiovaskulární rizikové faktory a komplikace související s aterosklerózou - jejich výskyt a kontrola u seniorů v projektu EUROAGEISM H2020." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408123.
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INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are currently on the first place among the causes of death worldwide and also in the Czech Republic (CR). The most common causes of death among CVDs are disorders associated with atherosclerosis (ATS) and the prevalence of atherosclerosis and their complications increases with increasing age. The aim of this diploma thesis was to document CVS morbidity in geriatric patients in the sample of FIP7 program of the EUROAGEISM H2020 project, mainly the prevalence of CVS disorders associated with ATS, and to evaluate the controll of risk factors associatedwith general risks of progression of ATS. METHODS The data collection for this theses was carried out in the CR from September 2018 to January 2019 in patients in acute care at the age of 65 and older at geriatric wards in Hradec Králové (HK) and Brno. Patients involved in the study were those admitted to hospitalization at the time of data collection, were complying with inclusion criteria and undersigned the informed consent. The Ethics committee of the Faculy of Pharmacy, Charles University and ethics committee of participating healthcare facilities approved the project. Information have been obtained using the questionnaire for comprehensive geriatric assessment which is the secured instrument of the...
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ŠÍMOVÁ, Michaela. "Problematika interrupce z pohledu studentů středních zdravotnických škol." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80687.
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The dispute over interruption is one of the most intensive and most controversial political and ethical discussions in today{\crq}s modern civilization. It includes a great number of opposed, controversial opinions and attitudes both in the sphere of medicine and on the political or ethical ground. I have selected the topic of this work on the base of personal interest in the issue of termination of pregnancy, because this issue bears the basic questions and attitudes of man to the existence of the individual. Today the issue of interruption is sharply polarized into two controversial rivalling groups, i.e. the ``pro-life{\crqq} movement and the ``pro-choice{\crqq} movement. The dispute over termination of pregnancy has been becoming more and more topical issue not only in the Czech Republic but also in the world. The aim of this work was to map the attitudes of students not only of graduation classes of selected sanitary secondary schools to the issue of interruption and to compare the mapped attitudes of students of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and of the Theological Faculty of the University of South Bohemia with the attitudes of respondents of graduation classes of the selected sanitary secondary schools to the issue of interruption. On the base of this aim, two hypotheses were stated in the research part of the work. After that, the questionnaire investigation was performed, for which a structured questionnaire had been elaborated. The questionnaire was filled out by fifty respondents of the Faculty of Health and Social Studies and fifty respondents of the theological Faculty of the University of South Bohemia of České Budějovice. On the base of that investigation, one of the hypotheses was not confirmed. Available literature and current Internet sources were used for the theoretical and for the practical part of the work. The work should serve primarily to the students themselves and to other readers as a modest data source for this extensive issue, and the research part of this work could be used as a small summary both for laymen and for professionals teaching at universities and high schools, so that they have the possibility to look at the issue of interruption from the point of view of the students, future professionals and workers of different areas.
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Fidranský, Filip. "Polyfarmakoterapie ve stáří- negativní dopady." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356241.
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Introduction: Older persons usually suffer from multiple chronic disorders and consequently use more medications than younger adults and often polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is, unfortunately, one of the risk factors for negative outcomes in the old age. The aim of this diploma thesis was to summarize by narrative literature review the negative outcomes of polypharmacy in older adults documented in pharmacoepidemological studies published between 2005 and 2015 years. The outputs of this diploma thesis create part of results of the research subgroup "Aging and Changes in the Therapeutic Value of Medications in the Aged" (Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles Univerzity) and the EU COST Action initiative IS1402 (2015-2018). Methods: Using datasets of Web of Science, PubMed and Embase, the narrative literature review was conducted in the period 2014 - 2015, in which we summarized outcome studies dealing with negative outcomes of polypharmacy in older patients published between 2005- 2015 years. Key words for the literature review were: "seniors, older patients, elderly, older age, polypharmacy, polymedication, multiple drug use, negative outcomes, impact, hospitalization, mortality, averse reactions, averse drug events, costs, expenditures. We identified 563 studies...
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Mírka, Hynek. "Možnosti výpočetní tomografie s vysokou rozlišovací schopností v diagnostice plicních komplikací hematoonkologických onemocnění." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-271002.
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Value of HRCT in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications of malignant haematologic diseases. Early diagnosis is one of the essential conditions for successful therapy of heamatologic malignancies and their complications. Imaging methods play an important role in their detection and patient's management. HRCT is the most contributing method in the diagnostics of pulmonary involvement, which is very common in this group of patients. The aim of this thesis was to find out the potential of this method in the diagnostics of pulmonary complications in patients with haematologic malignancy. For this purpose were assessed 4 objectives: 1) comparison between HRCT and chest X-ray; 2) determination of capability of HRCT to make a specific diagnose; 3) definition of indication criteria for HRCT and 4) assignment of the suitable examination technique. In the time period from January 2000 until December 2005 were performed 214 HRCT examinations of the lungs in the group of 162 patients with haematological malignancy and pulmonary symptomatology. 176 examinations were compared with chest X-ray, which was performed 48 hours or less before HRCT. Pulmonary lesion was discovered in 180 cases (84,1%). 123 findings were confirmed by another method (response to a specific therapy, cultivation, serology, BAL or...
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Spůrová, Nikol. "Mapování a metodika zvládání somatických komplikací injekčních uživatelů drog." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329926.
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BACKGROUND: Drug abuse is a social problem with psychosocial and physical complications. The lifestyle of injection drug users (IUD) increases the risk of infectious as well as of non-infectious diseases. The workers of low-threshold programmes are often the first ones to encounter the physical complications of injection drug users, and the workers are accordingly often the ones who take the initiative in dealing with those complications. Mapping the possible solutions of injection drug users' complications by the workers of low-threshold programmes would respond to the needs for methodological approach widely available to the workers of low-threshold programmes. AIMS: The present thesis aims to describe the possible solutions to physical complications of injection drug users through mapping the solutions in the practice of the low-threshold programmes workers for drug users in Prague. SAMPLE: All the seven low-threshold programmes facilities based in Prague were appealed to participate on the research. Thirty eight respondents participated in the study (39 % outreach programs, 53 % drop-in centre, 8 % combined services) METHODS: The present research was carried out via questionnaire research. The output data was analysed through descriptive statistics. The standardized questions of the...
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Šoupal, Jan. "Biomarkery v diagnostice a terapii pozdních komplikací diabetu." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-357904.
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The main objective of this study was research on biomarkers used in both diagnosis and therapy of diabetic complications. The main focus of our work came to be on one of these biomarkers - glycemic variability (GV). High GV is linked with more frequent occurance of hypoglycemia. There are even indications it might contribute to development of diabetic complications. With modern technology - continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), we are now able to reliably describe, calculate and reduce GV. So far it is unclear whether increased GV can contribute to the development of microvascular complications (MVC) in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Studies published so far have assessed GV primarily from routine self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using glucometers. In the light of this uncertaity, the first part of this work compares GV calculated from CGM with the presence of MVC in T1D patients. GV calculated from CGM, but not from SMBG, proved to be significantly higher in T1D patients with MVC, even though there was no significant difference in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). This finding supports the hypothesis that higher GV is related to higher risk of MVC and that HbA1c does not describe diabetes control completely. Moreover, it was shown that GV calculated from SMBG is insufficient. There is still no fully...
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Chalušová, Petra. "Vliv ošetřovatelských postupů na výskyt komplikací cévních vstupů při domácí parenterální výživě." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405400.
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(EN) Home parenteral nutrition (DPV) has become a routine part of patients care whose oral intake is reduced or completely eliminated. An integral part of the application of DPV is also the permanent or temporary need for functioning vascular access. Catheter complications negatively affect the quality of life, morbidity and in case of catheter sepsis the patient mortality. In addition it also brings increased costs for therapy and the need for patients re-hospitalization. The main objective of our study is to analyze catheter-related complications and to determine whether use of catheter plugs like TauroLock and TauroLock Hep and Tegaderm CHG antimicrobial dressing affect the incidence of catheter complications with DPV, and whether the incidence of complications is affected by a person who treated the catheter. The secondary objective is to characterize patients with served DPV and types of catheter used for this purpose.The method chosen is a retrospective observational cohort study. The study contains 52 patients with 72 catheters (39 Broviac, 18 PICC and 15 ports). The monitored number of catheter- days in total was 33,875. We conclude that the use TauroLock Hep is effective in the prevention of catheter complications and significantly reduces the overall incidence of all complications (p =...
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Semencová, Andrea. "Postnatální skrínink kardiovaskulárních mikroRNA u dětí narozených z těhotenských komplikací." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415792.
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Children descending from pregnancy complicated by gestational hypertension, preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction have a lifelong increased risk of development of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the expression profile of 29 cardiovascular and cerebrovascular microRNAs in children at the age of 3 to 11 years. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNA molecules affecting gene expression by posttranscriptional modifications of mRNA, which affects biological processes. Abnormal microRNA levels can lead to pathological conditions of the individual. This study explores the relationship between dysregulated microRNA levels in whole peripheral venous blood of children and the presence of complications during pregnancy. Furthermore, this study looks at expression profile specificities depending on the presence of pathology in the child's cardiovascular system, as found in a clinical examination consisting of BMI assessment and evaluation, blood pressure testing and ultrasound examination of the heart. Dysregulated profile was present in children with gestational hypertension in miR-1-3p, miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-342-3p and miR-499-5p. In children with preeclampsia, dysregulation was found with miR-1-3p and...
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Kožner, Pavel. "Analýza vrstvy retinálních nervových vláken u hiv pozitivních pacientů v éře kombinované antiretrovirové terapie." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-326699.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and antiretroviral treatment on the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL). The RNFL hickness defined by standard parameters(TSNIT average, Superior average and Inferior average) was assessed in 48 HIV positive patients using scanning laser polarimeter, GDx VCC device. Results were compared to normal values and tested against factors suspected to affect the RNFL thickness. The mean values of the RNFL standard parameters were for TSNIT average, Superior average and Inferior average, 57,65 ± 6,18 m, 69,38 ± 8,34 m, 68,89 ± 9,50 m respectively, in our cohort. The RNFL thinning was not confirmed in our HIV positive group compared to values on healthy population. No significant correlation between the RNFL thickness and the immune profile or antiretroviral therapy was detected. However, a significant negative correlation between the RNFL thickness with increasing duration of HIV infection was foundin our study that is hypothesized to be possibly on an immune pathological basis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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ČEŠKOVÁ, Jana. "Možnosti edukace v prevenci vzniku inkontinence po operacích prostaty." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364730.
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The goal of the work is to ensure a safe feeling for the patient in preoperative preparation so that it can cooperate more actively in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. Another goal of the work is to create an educational material intended for patients with planned prostate surgery. The research was carried out by a qualitative method using questioning in the form of interviews. One group of patients was educated according to the custom of the department and the other group was edited using a brochure. When searching for the respondents, patients were approached by the patients of the Písek hospital. Data analysis was carried out by the hand-coded method, also referred to as the paper and pencil method. The results can be divided into four areas according to which research question they apply. The first part of the results provided information that if the patient is subjectively well informed, we will ensure active co-operation in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. In the second question, we investigated whether the lack of information has an impact on the feeling of safety and security. This has also been confirmed. The third area gave the answer to whether the patient is satisfied if he feels time pressure during reception. The majority of men were unsatisfied with the time pressure. The fourth area assessed the suitability of education through a brochure and according to the practice of the department in the success of the preventive measure of postoperative incontinence. The men who used the brochure were aware of the possible complication and its prevention. The work provides a comprehensive view of the issue of education in prevention of incontinence after prostate surgery. The output of this work is an information brochure for patients of the urological ambulance. Results of the research are used to improve the educational process in patients coming for surgery of the prostate.
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Dvořáková, Lenka. "Význam proteinů tepelného šoku v diagnostice a prognostice těhotenských komplikací." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-321095.
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Heat shock proteins increase their gene expression after exposure of cells or organisms to some forms of stress, which may be high temperature, infection, inflammation, hypoxia, lack of nutrients and water. Stressful situations for the body are also pregnancy-related complications associated with placental insufficiency - preeclampsia and IUGR, as well as other pregnancy-related complications such as fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension. Therefore, I examined whether the occurrence of pregnancy-related complications (preeclampsia, fetal growth retardation, gestational hypertension) affect the gene expression of heat shock proteins. Five hsp systems was detected, namely Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and HspBP1 in placental tissue samples and whole maternal peripheral blood. Samples came from women with physiological pregnancy and from women with certain pregnancy-related complications (PE, FGR, GH). RNA was isolated from the samples. Detection of hsp expression was performed by using real-time RT-PCR and the comparative Ct method. Changes in gene expression between the test samples and reference sample were examined. To assess the difference between physiological pregnancies and pregnancies with selected pregnancy- related complications, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used....
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Hubka, Petr. "Variace abnormalit foramen obturatum a retropubického prostoru a jejich vztah ke komplikacím páskových operací." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-311438.
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Introduction: The knowledge of anatomy is crucial for introduction of new surgical methods. It is also of especial use while dealing with surgical complications during surgeries with limited surgical field, where the way of approach limits the management of complications. It was assumed that common anatomical variations would influence different efficacy of surgeries and would explain potential complications. Methods: During anatomical dissections fifty female cadavers were dissected and tension-free vaginal tapes TVT-S H, TVT-S U, TVT Abbrevo and Ajust were studied. A novel descriptive system for localisation of the tape was created. During the dissection the tape was located and its localisation and fixation was described. Results: Common anatomical variation in the sample was corona mortis with frequency of 72 %. Preperitoneal fatty plug, which is recognized by some authors as the first stage of obturator hernia, was found in 40 % in obturator canal. The proper fixation of TVT-S H was achieved in 53.6 %. In 10.5 % urinary bladder was injured. In case of TVT-S U the proper fixation occurred in 63.8 %. In two cases the inserter was nearby corona mortis. Within the group of TVTO Abbrevo the tape was fixated properly into the obturator complex (consists of the obturator membrane and obturator muscles) in...