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Journal articles on the topic 'Konkani language'
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Manerkar, Sanjana, Kavita Asnani, Preeti Ravindranath Khorjuvenkar, Shilpa Desai, and Jyoti D. Pawar. "Konkani WordNet: Corpus-Based Enhancement using Crowdsourcing." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3503156.
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Konkani is one of the languages included in the eighth schedule of the Indian constitution. It is the official language of Goa and is spoken mainly in Goa and some places in Karnataka and Kerala. Konkani WordNet or Konkani Shabdamalem (kōṁkanī śabdamālēṁ) as it has been referred to, was developed under the Indradhanush WordNet Project Consortium during the period from August 2010 to October 2013. This project was funded by Technology Development for Indian Languages (TDIL), Department of Electronics & Information Technology (Deity), and Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MCIT). The work on Konkani WordNet has halted since the end of the project. Currently, the Konkani WordNet contains around 32,370 synsets. However, to make it a powerful resource for NLP applications in the Konkani language, a need is felt for research work toward enhancement of the Konkani WordNet via community involvement. Crowdsourcing is a technique in which the knowledge of the crowd is utilized to accomplish a particular task. In this article, we have presented the details of the crowdsourcing platform named “Konkani Shabdarth” (kōṁkanī śabdārth). Konkani Shabdarth attempts to use the knowledge of Konkani speaking people for creating new synsets and perform the quantitative enhancement of the wordnet. It also intends to work toward enhancing the overall quality of the Konkani WordNet by validating the existing synsets, and adding the missing words to the existing synsets. A text corpus named “Konkani Shabdarth Corpus”, has been created from the Konkani literature while implementing the Konkani Shabdarth tool. Using this corpus, 572 root words that are missing from the Konkani WordNet have been identified which are given as input to Konkani Shabdarth. As of now, total 94 users have registered on the platform, out of which 25 users have actually played the game. Currently, 71 new synsets have been obtained for 21 words. For some of the words, multiple entries for the concept definition have been received. This overlap is essential for automating the process of validating the synsets. Due to the pandemic period, it has been difficult to train and get players to actually play the game and contribute. We studied the impact of adding missing words from other existing Konkani text corpus on the coverage of Konkani WordNet. The expected increase in the percentage coverage of Konkani WordNet has been found to be in the range 20–27 after adding the missing words from the Konkani Shabdarth corpus in comparison to the other corpora for which the increase is in the range 1–10.
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Thomaz, Luís Filipe F. R. "The Socio-Linguistic Paradox of Goa." Human and Social Studies 5, no. 3 (October 1, 2016): 15–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hssr-2016-0021.
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Abstract This article sets out to explore the socio-linguistic situation of Goa, a small territory corresponding to the former district of Goa of the Portuguese Estado da Índia, occupied and annexed by India in 1961. Goa had to choose between local language, Konkani, and the language of the neighbouring state of Maharashtra, i. e., Marathi, which was traditionally used as a cultural language by the Hindus of Goa, who nowadays form the large majority of the population. Even if virtually every Goan is able to speak Konkani, this was, according to recent statistics, the mother tongue of only 61 % of the population of the state, the rest being forms by people from other parts of India, who migrated here. This phenomenon explains the feeble proportion of Konkani speakers in the total population of the state, which favours the resort to English as a means of communication and explains why Konkani only keeps an elevated status in churches, where it is currently used for praying and preaching. Drawing upon historical facts, but also on socio-linguistic consideration, we will try to explain this paradox.
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Wherritt, Irene. "Portuguese Loanwords in Konkani." Hispania 72, no. 4 (December 1989): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/343565.
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Nemade, Vedant. "Exploring Sentiment Analysis in Indian Regional Languages: Methods, Challenges, and Future Directions." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 2, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29963.
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Sentiment Analysis, pivotal in natural language processing, extends its reach beyond English to Indian regional languages like Hindi, Marathi, Kannada, Konkani, Bengali, Khandeshi, and Urdu. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of 32 research papers in this domain, examining methodologies, datasets, and techniques while emphasizing the significance of sentiment analysis in diverse linguistic contexts for enhancing customer relationship management functionalities. It underscores the necessity for future research and highlights the efficacy of machine learning techniques. By elucidating on computational challenges and outlining various sentiment analysis methods, this paper serves as a critical resource for researchers and practitioners, fostering advancements in sentiment analysis tailored to regional linguistic nuances. KEYWORDS Bag Of Words, Hindi, Kannada, RNN, Konkani, Malayalam, Marathi, Maximum Entropy, Naive Bayes, Sentiment Analysis, SVM, TF-IDF, Urdu.
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D’Silva, Jovi, and Uzzal Sharma. "Automatic text summarization of konkani texts using pre-trained word embeddings and deep learning." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1990-2000.
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<span lang="EN-US">Automatic text summarization has gained immense popularity in research. Previously, several methods have been explored for obtaining effective text summarization outcomes. However, most of the work pertains to the most popular languages spoken in the world. Through this paper, we explore the area of extractive automatic text summarization using deep learning approach and apply it to Konkani language, which is a low-resource language as there are limited resources, such as data, tools, speakers and/or experts in Konkani. In the proposed technique, Facebook’s fastText <br /> pre-trained word embeddings are used to get a vector representation for sentences. Thereafter, deep multi-layer perceptron technique is employed, as a supervised binary classification task for auto-generating summaries using the feature vectors. Using pre-trained fastText word embeddings eliminated the requirement of a large training set and reduced training time. The system generated summaries were evaluated against the ‘gold-standard’ human generated summaries with recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE) toolkit. The results thus obtained showed that performance of the proposed system matched closely to the performance of the human annotators in generating summaries.</span>
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Peterson, John, and Govind Mopkar. "Past habitual actions as relative future? On an unexpected use of the Konkani future participle and its likely origin." Lingua Posnaniensis 63, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/linpo.2021.63.2.2.
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In this paper we focus on the functions of the future participle in Goan Konkani. In addition to the more-or-less expected functions of a future participle, such as nominal attribution or marking a future or modal predicate in various subordinate and main clauses, the future participle in Konkani can also mark main predicates with a past habitual interpretation in a construction which we refer to as the “promise-construction”, as it is only found with a small class of main predicates such as promise, intend, think, etc., which take an object complement clause. We argue that the future participle originally denoted an atemporal event and later came to include habitual events with any temporal value (past, present or future), and that this has since grammaticalized with exclusively past habitual temporal reference in this one construction, as this was likely the most common environment in which habitual events of this semantic class of verbs occur.
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Tavares, Menino A. S. M. P., S. Rajagopalan, Satish J. Sharma, and António P. O. Carvalho. "The Effect of Source Location, Posture and Language on Speech Intelligibility in Goan Churches." Building Acoustics 16, no. 3 (September 2009): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/135101009789877013.
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The results presented here are based on field measurements carried out in six Catholic churches (Goa, India). Rapid Speech Transmission Index ( RASTI) and Subjective Speech Intelligibility ( SSI) measurements were made in four different seating zones of a church for three speech source locations (altar, pulpit, high altar), two languages (English, Konkani) and two postures (standing, sitting). The effects of language and postures were not significant. The altar location and the sanctuary of the church were preferable for speech intelligibility. Although the altar location showed better averages than the other speech source locations, the best predictive relationship between RASTI and SSI was the exponential growth of RASTI for the high altar source location with SSI for the English language.
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Sarangi, Asha. "Scripts, regions and states of the Konkani language in independent India." South Asian History and Culture 9, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19472498.2017.1411051.
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Desk, Editorial. "Preserving Indian Languages and Ancient Scripts through Language Documentation and Digital Archiving." DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology 40, no. 05 (November 4, 2020): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.40.05.16441.
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Unity in diversity is one of the most distinctive features of Indian civilization. From Jammu & Kashmir to Kanyakumari, every region portrays different customs, cultural traditions, and mother tongues. India is a country of multiple languages and ancient scripts. According to the 2011 census report, 1950 mother tongues were spoken/in use in India. Under Article 344 of the Indian Constitution, only 15 languages were initially recognized as the official language. The 21st Constitution Amendment gave Sindhi the official language status. Based on the 71st Constitution Amendment, the Nepali, Konkani, and Manipuri languages were also included in the above list. Later, by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act, 2003, four new languages Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali, were included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. Thus, now 22 languages have been given the status of official language in the Indian Constitution. The total number of people speaking these 22 languages in India is 90%. Apart from these 22 languages, English is also the official language and is also the official language of Mizoram, Nagaland, and Meghalaya. In all, 60 languages are being taught in schools in India.
There was an excellent response to the call for papers for Special Issue on Language Documentation and Archiving of DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology (DJLIT). A total of about 13 Papers were received for the special issue. Based on the review and relevancy of the particular theme, seven papers have been selected for publication in the special issue on Language Documentation and Archiving.
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Rego, Priya Pauline, Sudhin Karuppali, and Jayashree S. Bhat. "Estimating the Lexical Breadth and Depth in Bilingual Indian Children Aged between 5 and 11 Years of Age." Journal of Child Science 12, no. 01 (January 2022): e47-e54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743493.
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Abstract Objectives Lexical breadth of knowledge is the quantity of words that the individual knows with regard to vocabulary size of the learner; while lexical depth is the learner's knowledge and mastery level of various semantic relations of a given word. Both measures have been used in the assessment of speaking/writing skills of first (L1) and second (L2) language users. The current study aims to explore the lexical knowledge of typically developing school going bilingual Indian children. Methods Seventy-two Konkani (L1) and English (L2) speaking children (between 5 and 11 years of age) were recruited in the study. The study was performed in three phases. Phase 1 comprised of developing the experimental tasks (lexical breadth and lexical depth); phase 2 included the data collection; and phase 3 focused on data and statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviation of the total number of words and total number of different words were analyzed. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance test was done to assess the level of significance (p < 0.05) across the groups for both tasks. Paired t-test was done to assess the interaction effect between age and language. Results The results indicated an overall increase in lexical breadth and depth across age for L1 and L2. The interaction between the two languages has been discussed in detail. Conclusion The findings of this study may help pave way toward future explorations to address issues pertaining to the complex interaction of L1 and L2 languages in bilinguals.
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Alberto, Loraine Ethel Barreto, and Irene Silveira. "From Os Lusíadas to Luzitayonn: An analysis of Canto VII of Camoes’ epic, and its Konkani translation by Olivinho Gomes." Revista Desassossego 15, no. 29 (July 8, 2023): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2175-3180.v15i29p310-328.
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Luis de Camões displayed his poetic prowess in his magnum opus, The Lusiads. The masterpiece is a unique composition, a combination of historical facts and images from ancient mythology, set in exuberant places discovered by the Portuguese. The extraordinary setting, coupled with the author's opulence of poetic imagination, made The Lusiads one of the greatest epics of European literature, with over a hundred editions and translations into more than a dozen European languages (NLR, [S.d.]). This paper seeks to study the translation exercise to an Indian language (Konkani) undertaken by Olivinho Gomes in Goa. Drawing from Gomes’ translation (Luzitayonn published in 2003), our work aims to interpret select strophes from Canto VII of The Lusiads. The strophes that form the basis of this study paint iconic scenes dealing with Vasco da Gama's arrival on the Malabar Coast and move on to a eulogy of the Indian subcontinent. Many scenes are significant and have featured widely in luso iconography. While retaining ideas inherent to The Lusiads, and the flavour of Camões’ epic style writing, Gomes skilfully adapts his translation to the contemporary Indian audience. Through a deft shift of focus away from other ancient civilisations wherever possible, he attempts to (re)place India in the centre of the narrative. Canto VII of Luzitayonn appears to be retold in places through a translator’s Indian gaze. We understand, however, that this is but a feeble attempt, and Camões’ references continue to majorly structure the text.
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NUMARK, MITCH. "Hebrew School in Nineteenth-Century Bombay: Protestant Missionaries, Cochin Jews, and the Hebraization of India's Bene Israel Community." Modern Asian Studies 46, no. 6 (March 12, 2012): 1764–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000121.
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AbstractThis paper is a study of cultural interaction and diffusion in colonial Bombay. Focusing on Hebrew language instruction, it examines the encounter between India's little-known Bene Israel Jewish community and Protestant missionaries. Whilst eighteenth and nineteenth-century Cochin Jews were responsible for teaching the Bene Israel Jewish liturgy and forms of worship, the Bene Israel acquired Hebrew and Biblical knowledge primarily from nineteenth-century Protestant missionaries. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Bene Israel community was a Konkan jati with limited knowledge of Judaism. However, by the end of the century the community had become an Indian-Jewish community roughly analogous to other Jewish communities. This paper explores how this transformation occurred, detailing the content, motivation, and means by which British and American missionaries and, to a lesser extent, Cochin Jews instructed the Bene Israel in Jewish knowledge. Through a critical examination of neglected English and Marathi sources, it reconstructs the Bene Israel perspective in these encounters and their attitude towards the Christian missionaries who laboured amongst them. It demonstrates that the Bene Israel were active participants and selective consumers in their interaction with the missionaries, taking what they wanted most from the encounter: knowledge of the Old Testament and the Hebrew language. Ultimately, the instruction the Bene Israel received from Protestant missionaries did not convert them to Christianity but strengthened and transformed their Judaism.
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Ranjitkar, Palistha. "Toxic Masculinity and Compulsive Heteronormativity in Konkona Sen’s Movie, A Death in the Gunj." Khwopa Journal 5, no. 2 (December 29, 2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kjour.v5i2.60414.
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Gender is one of the most contested subjects in literature. Some prominent scholars like Judith Butler have argued that gender is not innate, but performative. For instance, masculinity is a construct which is always believed to resonate with a compulsive heteronormativity. The fact that men have to behave like an actual “macho; the giver ; the doer completely contrasting feminine virtues such as the emotional , passive and the receiver is prescriptive of the ways through which heteronormativity has become naturalized since the beginning of the civilization. This paper looks into the subtle details about the rooted construct of heteronormativity resembled in the movie “A death in the Gunj’(2016) . Here the protagonist Shutu faces spiritual conflict between his naturally innate virtues like kindness, sensitivity, introversion which goes quite contrary to the compartmentalized masculine virtues such as assertiveness, bravery, manhood and a pressure to maintain a proper “macho” personality. This research looks into the prominent crisis of masculinity and gender performativity that the world faces today. Is it only essential to venerate the so called masculine virtues like dominance and assertiveness? If yes , what about kindness, sensitivity and the capacity to feel emotions that are so much sidelined as feminine virtues? What is the position of man in the modern society? The movie “ A death in Gunj “ paradoxically opens up these hard questions through the characterization of Shuttu who remains unloved and forsaken and drives himself towards the annals of self-destruction and suicide for the reason that he finds himself very vaguely suited to fit into the societal constructs of what makes a proper “man’. This research employs Judith Butler’s concept of gender performativity to look into all these prominent gender questions. It also employs Lacan’s construct of symbolic order where language is a source of both alienation and subjectivity considering the fact that while language structures our understanding of self and reality, it alienates from the self that stemmed from the imaginary order from our authentic selves.
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Bhure, S. S., P. D. Patil, H. D. Pawar, J. J. Kadam, M. S. Joshi, S. G. Mahadik, and S. B. Thorat. "Evaluation of Fungicides, Phytoextracts and Germplasm Screening Against Lasiodiplodia Theobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Jackfruit." Journal of Plant Disease Sciences 18, no. 1 (2023): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/jpds.2023.1801.06.
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The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides against the Lasiodiplodia theobromae under laboratory conditions, which demonstrated that all of the fungicides inhibited the pathogen significantly. Carbendazim 50% WP (0.1%) and combi product Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (0.15%) were the most effective fungicide which showed complete inhibition of the mycelial growth of the pathogen followed by Fludioxanil 230 SC (0.15%), Difenoconazole 25% EC (0.1%), combination fungicide Tebuconazole 50%+ Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (0.1%), Mancozeb 75% WP (0.2%) and Copper oxychloride 50% WP (0.25%), respectively over control. The mean percent inhibition of mycelial growth was recorded in adulsa leaf extract (22.03%), eucalyptus leaf extract (19.81%), tulsi leaf extract (19.08%) and garlic clove extract (18.89%) of the nine plant extracts. Among the fifteen germplasm and three varieties of jackfruit tested for resistance to fruit rot in the laboratory, the variety Konkan prolific was found to be resistant to Lasiodiplodia fruit rot disease. Two varieties/germplasm were moderately resistant to Lasiodiplodia fruit rot, while three germplasm were moderatelysusceptible.
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Desai, Gaurav. "Oceans Connect: The Indian Ocean and African Identities." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 125, no. 3 (May 2010): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2010.125.3.713.
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Readers of PMLA Recognize 26 Broadway, in New York City, as the Headquarters of the Mla, One of the Major Hubs of Intellectual work in literary and cultural studies in North America. But in the summer of 1840, 26 Broadway was a commercial hub that connected the world of the Atlantic Ocean with the world of the Indian Ocean. Here, in the offices of the New York firm Barclay and Livingston, Ahmad Bin Na'aman, special envoy of the sultan of Zanzibar, Sayyid Said, offered for sale merchandise that had been brought to the United States from Muscat and Zanzibar. The merchandise included “1,300 bags of dates, 21 bales of Persian wool carpets and 100 bales of Mokha coffee” that had been acquired at Muscat and “108 prime ivory tusks, 81 cases of gum copal, … 135 bags of cloves and 1,000 dry salted hides” from Zanzibar (Eilts 32). The cargo had come to New York on 30 April 1840 aboard the Sultanah, a bark owned by the sultan and commanded by William Sleeman, an Englishman. Except for two Frenchmen whose identities are uncertain and two Englishwomen who had sought passage to London, where the ship was headed, most of those on board were African slaves belonging to the ship's officers and hired lascars, Muslim seamen from the lower Konkan and Malabar coasts of India who had been signed on in Bombay, where the ship had been refitted for the transatlantic voyage and from which it first embarked (3). The slaves, we are told, were dressed in garments made of coarse cotton cloth “called merikani, after the country of its manufacture” (4). In his account of the voyage of the Sultanah, Hermann Frederick Eilts writes of “the pungent vapors of cloves, gum copal and coffee (from the ship's cargo), of tar and pitch, of open-hearth cooking in deep, acrid sheep tail's fat, called ghee, of primitive shipboard sanitation and of coconut oil” (4). This account of the “first Arab emissary and the first Arab vessel to visit American shores” is a rich reminder of the historical interconnections in the world (6).
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Rathna Kumar, S. B., Panchanan Mohanty, Pranjali Anand Ujawane, and Yash Rajeev Huzurbazar. "Conventional speech identification test in Marathi for adults." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20163467.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The present study aimed to develop conventional speech identification in Marathi for assessing adults by considering word frequency, familiarity, words in common use and phonemic balancing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of four word lists were developed with each word list consisting of 25 words out of which 60% are monosyllabic words in CVC structure, and 40% are disyllabic words in CVCV structure. Equivalence analysis and performance-intensity function testing was carried out using four word lists on native speakers of Marathi belonging to different regions of Maharashtra (i.e. Vidarbha, Marathwada, Khandesh and Northern Maharashtra, Konkan and Pune) who were equally divided into five groups based on above mentioned regions. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) in the speech identification performance between groups for each word list, and between word lists for each group. The performance-intensity (PI) function curve showed semi-linear function, and the groups’ mean slope of the curve indicated an average slope of 4.5% increase in speech identification score per dB for four word lists. Although, there is no data available on speech identification tests for adults in Marathi, most of the findings of the study are in line with the findings of research reports on other Indian languages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The four word lists developed were found to be equally difficult for all the groups and can be used interchangeably. Thus, the developed word lists were found to be reliable and valid materials for assessing speech identification performance of adults in Marathi.</p><p> </p>
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D'Silva, Jovi, and Uzzal Sharma. "Impact of Similarity Measures in Graph-Based Automatic Text Summarization of Konkani Texts." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, September 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3554943.
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Automatic text summarization is a popular area in Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning. In this work, we adopt a graph-based text summarization approach, using PageRank algorithm, for automatically summarizing Konkani text documents. Konkani is an Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in the state of Goa, which is on the west coast of India. It is a low-resource language with limited language processing tools. Such tools are readily available in other popular languages of choice for automatic text summarization, like English. The Konkani language dataset used for this purpose is based on Konkani folktales. We examine the impact of various language independent and language dependent similarity measures on the construction of the graph. The language dependent similarity measures use pre-trained fastText word embeddings. A fully connected undirected graph is constructed for each document with the sentences represented as the graph's vertices. The vertices are connected to each other based on how strongly they are related to one another. Thereafter, PageRank algorithm is used for ranking the scores of the vertices. The top ranking sentences are used to generate the summary. ROUGE toolkit was used for evaluating the quality of these system generated summaries and the performance was evaluated against human generated ‘gold-standard’ abstracts, and also compared with baselines and benchmark systems. The experimental results show that language independent similarity measures performed well compared to language dependent similarity measures despite not using language specific tools, like stop-words list, stemming and word embeddings.
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Fadte, Swapnil, Edna Vaz Fernandes, Ramdas Karmali, and Jyoti D. Pawar. "Acoustic analysis of vowels in Konkani." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing, February 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474358.
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Konkani is an under-resourced language mainly spoken on the west coast of India. Although linguistic analyses of vowel sounds in various dialects of Konkani have been done in the past, more accurate analysis of Konkani vowels, especially an acoustic-phonetic analysis, was never carried out. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of nine Konkani vowels, namely. The dataset used for the analysis was created from audio recordings of 28 native speakers of Goan Konkani. Based on the experimental results, we propose a vowel chart for Konkani. We also observed a partial loss of Konkani vowel in the regular speech of native speakers. This change is also evident in the substitution analysis of vowel phonemes that was carried out by us as a part of this study.
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Iliger, Sushma R., and Soniya Usgaonkar. "Phoneme Based Approach for Transliteration of Konkani Language." International Journal of Computational and Electronic Aspects in Engineering 3, no. 2 (August 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.26706/ijceae.3.2.20220504.
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Festino, Cielo Griselda. "If Goa is your land, which are your stories? Narrating the Village, Narrating Home." Gragoatá 21, no. 41 (December 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/gragoata.v21i41.33427.
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Goa, India, is a multicultural community with a broad archive of literary narratives in Konkani, Marathi, English and Portuguese. While Konkani in its Devanagari version, and not in the Roman script, has been Goa’s official language since 1987, there are many other narratives in Marathi, the neighbor state of Maharashtra, in Portuguese, legacy of the Portuguese presence in Goa since 1510 to 1961, and English, result of the British colonization of India until 1947. This situation already reveals that there is a relationship among these languages and cultures that at times is highly conflictive at a political, cultural and historical level. In turn, they are not separate units but are profoundly interrelated in the sense that histories told in one language are complemented or contested when narrated in the other languages of Goa. One way to relate them in a meaningful dialogue is through a common metaphor that, at one level, will help us expand our knowledge of the points in common and cultural and literary differences among them all. In this article, the common metaphor to better visualize the complex literary tradition from Goa will be that of the village since it is central to the social structure not only of Goa but of India. Therefore, it is always present in the many Goan literary narratives in the different languages though from perspectives that both complement and contradict each other.---Original in English.
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JACOB, Reshma. "LANGUAGE CONTACT AND CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS OF HERITAGE KONKANI IN KERALA." Dialectologia, no. 2023.32 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/dialectologia2023.32.4.
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Peterson, John. "A sociolinguistic-typological approach to the linguistic prehistory of South Asia." Language Dynamics and Change, March 25, 2022, 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-bja10018.
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Abstract The present study compares two Indo-Aryan languages, Sadri and Konkani, with respect to their morphological complexity. Based on assumptions made in sociolinguistic typology (e.g., Trudgill, 2011), which forms part of a larger research program investigating the effects of social factors on language structures, this study attempts to reconstruct various aspects of prehistoric society based on the structures of these two modern languages as typical representatives of eastern and western Indo-Aryan, respectively. The results suggest that 2,000–2,500 years ago eastern and western Indo-Aryan languages were spoken in very different sociolinguistic environments, with a high degree of ethnic and linguistic diversity in eastern India and a comparatively low level of diversity in the west. The study also confirms the results of other studies which suggest that different areas of grammar, such as nominal and verbal systems, may be affected to different degrees in language contact and that their respective rates of (re)complexification may also differ.
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D’Silva, Jovi, and Uzzal Sharma. "Automatic Text Summarization of Konkani Folk Tales Using Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms and Language Independent Features." IETE Journal of Research, October 24, 2021, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1987993.
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