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Relevant bibliographies by topics / KÖPPEN

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Academic literature on the topic 'KÖPPEN'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "KÖPPEN"

1

Borchardt, Knut. "Eine Alternative zu Brünings Sparkurs?" Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 63, no. 2 (April 15, 2015): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vfzg-2015-0012.

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Vorspann Gab es doch eine Alternative zur restriktiven Finanz- und Haushaltspolitik der von Heinrich Brüning geführten Präsidialkabinette? Hätte Weimars Ende vielleicht verhindert werden können, wenn der Reichskanzler nicht so stur gewesen wäre und ein französisches Kreditangebot akzeptiert hätte? Paul Köppen bejahte diese Fragen in der Juliausgabe 2014 der Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. Knut Borchardt, einer der international angesehensten deutschen Wirtschaftshistoriker, entzieht Köppens Thesen die Grundlage; er weist nach, dass es ein französisches Kreditangebot nicht gegeben hat.

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2

Yılmaz, Erkan, and İhsan Çiçek. "Detailed Köppen-Geiger climate regions of TurkeyTürkiye’nin detaylandırılmış Köppen-Geiger iklim bölgeleri." Journal of Human Sciences 15, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i1.5040.

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Turkey is situated in the temperate zone as the macro climate zone. The fact that it remains under the influence of different air masses in every season due to its mathematical position causes differences are experienced in terms of the climate types. Besides its mathematical position, its special position also causes this influence grows stronger and the differences become clear much more. The fact that it is surrounded with seas from three sides, there are high mountain ranges in its northern and southern, its altitude increases from the west to the east, the roughness is high due to the tectonic effects and river erosion cause different climate types are dominant. The distribution of the dispersion areas of these climate types can be made by means of various climate classifications. Köppen-Geiger climate classification is a classification which is used at most in the world and which is used in the comparison of the past environmental conditions and the current environmental conditions and in the comparison of the future climate differences with our present day. Even if the dispersion areas of the climate types are shown according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification by different researchers at global scale, these classifications cannot reflect the diversity in Turkey in the exact manner due to the lack of data and scale problem. In this study, the monthly average temperature and monthly average total precipitation data of 249 meteorological station associated to the General Directorate of Meteorology and the global monthly average temperature and monthly average total precipitation data of the model printouts having 30-minute (approximately 1 km) resolution were used for the purpose of revealing the climate types which are dominant in Turkey according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Two different Köppen-Geiger climate types distribution maps were created depending on these two different data set. According to Köppen-Geiger climate classification, it was revealed that there are 13 different Köppen-Geiger climate zones in Turkey. According to this classification, the Mediterranean coasts were revealed to be in the "temperate-dry-hot summer climate- Csa" class, Konya Region and the southern of the Southeast Anatolia was revealed to be of the "dry-hot and cold steppe climate - Bsh-k" type and ET, that's tundra areas were designated in the Northeast Anatolia and Ararat Mountain. Köppen-Geiger climate zones of Turkey which were produced at low resolution in the previous studies were detailed much more in this study.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetTürkiye, makro iklim bölgesi olarak ılıman kuşakta yer almaktadır. Matematik konumu nedeniyle her mevsimde farklı hava kütlelerinin etkisi altında kalması iklim tipleri bakımından farklılıkların yaşanmasına neden olmaktadır. Matematik konumu yanında özel konumu da bu etkinin kuvvetlenmesine ve farklıkların daha da belirginleşmesine neden olur. Üç tarafının denizlerde çevrili olması, kuzey ve güneyinde yüksek dağ sıralarının bulunması, yükseltisinin batıdan doğuya doğru artması, tektonik etkiler ve akarsu aşındırması nedeniyle engebenin fazla olması kısa mesafelerde farklı iklim tiplerinin hüküm sürmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu iklim tiplerinin yayılış alanlarının dağılışı, çeşitli iklim sınıflandırmaları ile yapılabilmektedir. Köppen-Geiger iklim tasnifi, dünyada en fazla kullanılan, geçmiş ortam şartları ile günümüz ortam şartlarının karşılaştırılmasında ve gelecekteki iklim farklılıklarının günümüzle karşılaştırılmasında kullanılan bir sınıflandırmadır. Küresel ölçekte farklı araştırmacılar tarafından Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırmasına göre iklim tiplerinin yayılış alanları gösterilse bile bu sınıflandırmalar veri yetersizliği ve ölçek problemi nedeniyle Türkiye’deki çeşitliliği tam yansıtamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırmasına göre Türkiye’de hüküm süren ikim tiplerini ortaya koymak amacıyla Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’ne ait 249 meteoroloji istasyonuna ait aylık ortalama sıcaklık ve aylık ortalama toplam yağış verileri ile 30 dakikalık (yaklaşık 1 km) çözünürlüğe sahip model çıktılarına ait küresel aylık ortalama sıcaklık ve aylık ortalama toplam yağış verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu iki farklı veri setine bağlı iki farklı Köppen-Geiger iklim tipleri dağılışı haritası oluşturulmuştur. Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırmasına göre Türkiye’de 13 farklı Köppen-Geiger iklim bölgesi olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bu sınıflandırmaya göre Akdeniz kıyıları “ılıman-kurak-sıcak yaza sahip iklim - Csa” sınıfında çıkarken, Konya Bölümü ve Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun güneyi “kurak-sıcak ve soğuk step iklim- Bsh-k” tipinde, Kuzeydoğu Anadolu’da ve Ağrı Dağı’nda ise ET yani tundra alanlar belirlenmiştir. Daha önceki çalışmalarda düşük çözünürlükte üretilen Türkiye Köppen-Geiger iklim bölgeleri bu çalışmada daha da ayrıntı kazanmıştır.

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Peel, M. C., B. L. Finlayson, and T. A. McMahon. "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (October 11, 2007): 1633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007.

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Abstract. Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically in the Supplementary Material Section.

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Peel, M. C., B. L. Finlayson, and T. A. McMahon. "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2007): 439–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-439-2007.

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Abstract. Although now over 100 years old, the classification of climate originally formulated by Wladimir Köppen and modified by his collaborators and successors, is still in widespread use. It is widely used in teaching school and undergraduate courses on climate. It is also still in regular use by researchers across a range of disciplines as a basis for climatic regionalisation of variables and for assessing the output of global climate models. Here we have produced a new global map of climate using the Köppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series. Climatic variables used in the Köppen-Geiger system were calculated at each station and interpolated between stations using a two-dimensional (latitude and longitude) thin-plate spline with tension onto a 0.1°×0.1° grid for each continent. We discuss some problems in dealing with sites that are not uniquely classified into one climate type by the Köppen-Geiger system and assess the outcomes on a continent by continent basis. Globally the most common climate type by land area is BWh (14.2%, Hot desert) followed by Aw (11.5%, Tropical savannah). The updated world Köppen-Geiger climate map is freely available electronically at https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/????.

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De Medeiros, Raimundo Mainar, Romildo Morant De Holanda, Mirella Alexandre Viana, and Vicente De Paulo Silva. "CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION IN KÖPPEN MODEL FOR THE STATE OF PERNAMBUCO - BRAZIL." Revista de Geografia 35, no. 3 (September 13, 2018): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.51359/2238-6211.2018.229388.

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O sistema de classificação climática Köppen é pouco utilizado nos estudos agrícolas devido à grande extensão das escalas de plantio em que são utilizadas. Foi utilizada a série de chuvas históricas observadas em 187 municípios do estado de Pernambuco. Para a espacialização dos resultados, utilizou-se o método de interpolação Kriging. As classificações indicadas mostraram-se muito sensíveis à orografia municipal, aos índices pluviométricos e às variações de temperatura resultando em três tipos climáticos de acordo com o modelo de Köppen. De acordo com os sistemas de classificação de Köppen, foram identificadas três características climáticas: do tipo AS em 108 municípios, o tipo semiárido quente com precipitação de verão e inverno seco (BSH), foi registrado em 55 municípios e o tipo Am predominou em 20 municípios. A classificação climática de acordo com Köppen para a área estudada está de acordo com as classificações de Camargo (1961). O modelo Kriging adaptou os resultados de forma satisfatória nos dados geoespaciais obtidos para o estado de Pernambuco. O sistema de classificação climática Köppen é eficiente apenas para a macro-escala e com baixa capacidade para separar os tipos de clima, levando em consideração a temperatura do ar, as chuvas e os elementos resultantes do balanço hídrico.

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Lehmann, Philipp N. "Else Wegener-Köppen (Editor). Wladimir Köppen—Scholar for Life / Wladimir Köppen—Ein Gelehrtenleben für die Meteorologie. 313 pp. Stuttgart: Borntraeger Science Publishers, 2018. €34.80 (cloth)." Isis 111, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 684–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/710719.

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YILMAZ, Erkan, and İhsan ÇİÇEK. "Türkiye'de Köppen-Geiger İklim Tiplerindeki Zamanmekansal Değişimler." Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi 59, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2019.59.1.9.

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Küresel ölçekte yapılan iklim projeksiyonlarına göre Türkiye'nin de içinde bulunduğu Akdeniz havzasında sıcaklıkların 21. yüzyıl sonuna doğru 4-6 °C civarında artacağı tahmin edilmekte, yağışın ise azalacağı öngörülmektedir. Ölçek küçültme yöntemiyle bölgesel iklim projeksiyonları da benzer sonuçlar vermektedir. Türkiye'de iklim elemanlarındaki eğilimleri araştıran çalışmalarda da özellikle yaz aylarındaki sıcaklık artışının çok belirgin olduğu, yağışta ise azalışların görüldüğü bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise iklim değişkenindeki eğilim yerine, Köppen-Geiger iklim tiplerindeki 1971- 2010 yılları arasındaki zamanmekansal değişimler incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü'nün (MGM) 183 istasyonuna ait aylık ortalama sıcaklık ve aylık toplam yağış verileri elde edilmiş ve her yıl için Köppen-Geiger iklim tasnifleri yapılmış ve iklim tiplerinin görüldüğü istasyon sayılarındaki eğilimler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, özellikle Akdeniz iklimi olarak belirtilen yazı kurak ve sıcak ılıman iklim olan Csa tipi iklimde zamansal artış ve mekânsal genişleme eğilimleri belirlenmiştir. Bunun tersi olarak da D sınıfı soğuk iklim bölgelerinde daralmaların tespit edildiği çalışma, dünyanın başka bölgelerinde yapılan çalışmalarla benzer değişimlerin olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulguların yorumlanması ile Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırması açısından Türkiye için ana ve anahtar iklim tiplerinin olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda ayrıca Köppen-Geiger iklim sınıflandırmasının sadece iklim tipi ve iklim eğilimi belirleme yönüyle değil, kurak ve nemli dönemlerin tespitinde de kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.

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8

Kahlig, P. "Wladimir Köppen schreibt an Julius von Hann." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 1, no. 6 (December 15, 1992): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/1/1992/310.

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Denk, T., G. W. Grimm, F. Grímsson, and R. Zetter. "Effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling: evidence from "Köppen signatures" of fossil plant assemblages." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 15, 2013): 13563–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-13563-2013.

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Abstract. Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current/Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effective heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during that time. Climatic signals from 11 precisely-dated plant-bearing sedimentary rock formations in Iceland, spanning 15–0.8 million years (Myr), resolve the impacts of the developing Miocene global thermohaline circulation on terrestrial vegetation in the subarctic North Atlantic region. "Köppen signatures" were implemented to express climatic properties of fossil plant taxa and their potential modern analogues using the principal concept of the generic Köppen–Geiger climate system, which is based on plant distribution patterns. Using Köppen signatures and the correlation between Köppen climate zones and major global vegetation zones, fossil assemblages were used to trace major vegetation shifts. This evidence was combined with evidence from tectonics and palaeoceanography. In contrast to the global climatic trend, the vegetation record reveals no cooling between ~ 15 and 12 Myr, whereas periods of climatic deterioration between 12–10 Myr, 8–4 Myr, and in the Pleistocene are in phase with increased pulses of ice-rafted debris in the Northern Hemisphere. The observed sequence of climate change in the northern North Atlantic can only be explained by an effective Gulf Stream-mediated heat transport from the middle Miocene onwards.

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Cannon, A. J. "Köppen versus the computer: comparing Köppen-Geiger and multivariate regression tree climate classifications in terms of climate homogeneity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 24, 2012): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-217-2012.

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Abstract. A global climate classification is defined using a multivariate regression tree (MRT). The MRT algorithm is automated, hierarchical, and rule-based, thus allowing a system of climate classes to be quickly defined and easily interpreted. Climate variables used in the MRT are restricted to those from the Köppen-Geiger classification system. The result is a set of classes that can be directly compared against those from the traditional system. The two climate classifications are compared at their 5, 13, and 30 class hierarchical levels in terms of climate homogeneity. Results indicate that both perform well in terms of identifying regions of homogeneous temperature variability, although the MRT still generally outperforms the Köppen-Geiger system. In terms of precipitation discrimination, the Köppen-Geiger classification performs poorly relative to the MRT. The data and algorithm implementation used in this study are freely available. Thus, the MRT climate classification offers instructors and students in the geosciences a simple instrument for exploring modern, computer-based climatological methods.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "KÖPPEN"

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Köppen, Jörn [Verfasser]. "Das Hot-Hand-Phänomen im Sport / Jörn Köppen." Köln : Zentralbibliothek der Deutschen Sporthochschule, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1070954624/34.

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Köppen, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Kohlenstoffbasierte Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden für die Chlor-Alkali-Elektrolyse / Andreas Köppen." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137023724/34.

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Köppen, Andreas Ernst [Verfasser]. "Kohlenstoffbasierte Sauerstoffverzehrkathoden für die Chlor-Alkali-Elektrolyse / Andreas Köppen." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137023724/34.

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Köppen, Kristin [Verfasser]. "Pathogenetische und Molekularepidemiologische Studien zu Francisella in Deutschland / Kristin Köppen." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1224884140/34.

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Köppen, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Segmentale Bewegungserhaltung nach PMMA-assistierter Fusionsoperation an der Halswirbelsäule / Daniel Köppen." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/103119004X/34.

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Köppen, Marja Edna [Verfasser]. "Einfluss von Tomateninhaltsstoffen auf die vaskuläre Endothelfunktion rauchender junger Männer / Marja Edna Köppen." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1029936757/34.

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Köppen, Veit [Verfasser]. "Improving the quality of indicator systems by MoSi : Methodology and evaluation / Veit Köppen." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1023259907/34.

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Köppen, Thomas [Verfasser], and Johann [Akademischer Betreuer] Maierl. "Topographisch-klinische Untersuchungen zum Zehenendorgan von Ziege und Schaf / Thomas Köppen. Betreuer: Johann Maierl." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1059069806/34.

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Köppen, Martin [Verfasser]. "Der Effekt der Silanisierung auf die Haftung zwischen Aufbaumaterialien und verschiedenen faserverstärkten Kompositwurzelkanalstiften / Martin Köppen." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1029845808/34.

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Hoffmann, Anja [Verfasser]. "Monumentalmalerei im Spannungsfeld zwischen Historismus und Jugendstil: Das Werk von Wilhelm Köppen (1876-1917) / Anja Hoffmann." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1005946159/34.

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Books on the topic "KÖPPEN"

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Pepperle, Heinz, ed. Karl Friedrich Köppen: Ausgewählte Schriften in zwei Bänden. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/9783050047645.

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Feustel, Gotthard. Königsbefehl--köpfen. [Taucha]: Tauchaer Verlag, 1997.

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Goldt, Max. Die Kugeln in unseren Köpfen: Kolumnen. Zürich: Haffmans, 1995.

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Schweizer, Karin. Strömt die Welt in unseren Köpfen? Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-81334-3.

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Kayser, Alex. Köpfe. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6634-7.

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Köpfe. Berlin: Nicolai, 2014.

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Gazdar, Kaevan, ed. Köpfe jagen. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84659-4.

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Marg, Stine, and Franz Walter, eds. Göttinger Köpfe. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666352140.

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1944-, Schäfke Werner, and Henne Günter, eds. Kölner Köpfe. Köln: Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek, 2010.

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Şipal, Kâmuran. Köpek İstasyonu: Öyküler. İstanbul: Cem Yayınevi, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "KÖPPEN"

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Diller, Axel. "Köppen, Edlef." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_7230-1.

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Natter, Wolfgang. "Köppen, Edlef." In Metzler Autoren Lexikon, 489–90. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-03720-6_238.

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Brenner, Peter J. "Köppen, Edlef: Heeresbericht." In Kindlers Literatur Lexikon (KLL), 1–2. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05728-0_7231-1.

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Phumkokrux, Nutthakarn. "A Study of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification Change in Thailand from 1987–2017." In Springer Geography, 109–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33900-5_11.

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Hundseder, Franziska. "In anderen Köpfen denken können." In Leidenschaft: Recherche, 183–86. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95620-0_24.

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Hundseder, Franziska. "In anderen Köpfen denken können." In Leidenschaft: Recherche, 170–73. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83326-6_24.

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Dernbach, Beatrice. "Die Denkmuster in unseren Köpfen." In Komplexität im Journalismus, 63–70. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22860-6_6.

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Simons, Oliver. "Berliner Köpfe." In Mit Deutschland um die Welt, 422–28. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzler, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02955-3_46.

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Biehl, Brigitte. "Kreative Köpfe." In Management in der Kreativwirtschaft, 39–71. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28817-4_3.

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Kayser, Alex. "Die Köpfe." In Köpfe, 14–121. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-6634-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "KÖPPEN"

1

Ascencio-Vasquez, Julian, Kristijan Brecl, and Marko Topi. "Köppen-Geiger-Photovoltaic Climate Classification." In 2018 IEEE 7th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (WCPEC) (A Joint Conference of 45th IEEE PVSC, 28th PVSEC & 34th EU PVSEC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2018.8547952.

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2

Wieser, Raymond J., Arthur S. Xin, Roger H. French, and Laura S. Bruckman. "Evaluation and Augmentation of Köppen-Geiger Climate Zone Based off of Real-World Satellite Weather Data." In 2020 IEEE 47th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9300593.

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3

Kovač, Marko, Gašper Stegnar, Boris Sučić, and Stane Merše. "Improving Solar Potential Map: Ditching Net-Metering, Embracing Demand Curve and Local Weather." In 50th International HVAC&R Congress and Exhibition. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.019.50.1.51.

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Abstract:

The research expands the bottom-up approach to determine investment cost for self-sufficient Solar Plus systems. Existing solar maps usually utilize net-metering scheme and treat electricity grid as giant battery. However, with increased solar production, this might put an additional strain to the grid. In addition, to obtain national wide results, multiple weather patterns obtained from different meteorological stations were analyzed which also resulted in different demand curves. The scope of the research was therefore largely increased by calculating all available meteorological data in form of a typical year for Slovenia, which consist of 23 data points evenly spread all over Slovenia. However, those points vary quite a bit – some stations are positioned in the cities and towns, while others are located in small villages or places of interests (i.e., mountain resorts or airports). The points also vary in altitude (from few meters to over 2500 m) and cover different climate zones. The majority of Slovenia lies in continental zone (described with Dfb and Dfb by Köppen-Geiger climate classification) with cold winters and warm summers, with some subtropical climate at the coastal areas (Cfa and Cfb). Some mountain areas have tundra climate (ET). The presented research shows how to combine the existing data to calculate optimal Solar Plus instalment for self-sufficient buildings for each calculation point. The already validated simplified model was used for calculation of energy balance for the typical year which was later used for optimization of the results regarding costs. This includes the roof area for photovoltaic, optimal orientation of solar panels, the capacity of the battery storage and other influential parameters. The results clearly indicated the capability of each analyzed area for Solar Plus installation.

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4

Greene, Mott T. "WLADIMIR KÖPPEN’S 1901 MAP OF GLOBAL CLIMATE ZONES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307531.

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5

Kupferschmied, Peter, Pascal Köppel, Christian Roduner, and George Gyarmathy. "On the Development and Application of the FRAP® (Fast-Response Aerodynamic Probe) System for Turbomachines: Part 1 — The Measurement System." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-152.

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This contribution gives an overview of the current state, performance and limitations of the fast-response aerodynamic probe measurement system (FRAP® System) developed at the Turbomachinery Lab of the ETH Zurich. In particular, the following topics are addressed: • Probe technology: Miniature probes with tip diameter ranging from 0.84 to 1.80 mm (1-sensor and 3-sensor probes respectively) have been developed. New technologies derived from microelectronics and micromechanics have been used to achieve an adequate packaging of the microsensor chips used. Both the sensor packaging and the sensor calibration (time-independent and time-dependent) are crucial issues for the DC accuracy of any measurement. • Aerodynamic probe calibration: The methods used for the sensor calibration and the aerodynamic probe calibration, the pertinent automated test facilities and the processing of the output data are briefly presented. Since these miniature probes are also capable of measuring the mean flow temperature, aspects related to the recovery factor and the self-heating of the probe tip are treated and some recommendations related to sensor selection are given. • Measurement system and data evaluation: The early measurement chain described in Gossweiler, Kupferschmied and Gyarmathy 1995 has evolved into the FRAP® System. This automatic system incorporates dedicated measurement concepts for a higher accuracy and a more efficient operation in terms of time and failures. An overview of the data evaluation process is given. The FRAP® System has been tested in real-sized turbomachines under industrial conditions within the temperature limits of 140°C imposed by the sensor technology (axial-flow turbofan compressor, axial-flow turbine, centrifugal compressor). These applications confirmed the potential of the system and encouraged its further development. Now, the system is routinely used in the facilities of the Turbomachinery Lab and in occasional measurement campaigns in other laboratories. Part 2 of this contribution (Roduner et al.) will focus on the application of the FRAP® System in a transonic centri fugal compressor of the ETH Turbomachinery Laboratory, while Part 3 (Köppel et al.) treats more sophisticated data analysis methods.

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