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Chung, Chang-kun. "Income distribution and economic growth : the case of Korea." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9905.
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Blacque-Belair, Pascal. "Industrial strategies and economic development : the case of South Korea." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63163.
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Lee, Byunglak. "Financial structure and monetary policy in Korea." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9928.
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Jung, Jaehwan. "Political legitimacy and economic institutional change : a constructivist approach to the transformation of the South Korean economy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648723.
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Oh, Young-Ho. "The impact of technological change on economic growth in the manufacturing sector of Korea." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063424/.
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Kang, Youngkol. "The rise of Korean chaebols from the perspective of organization theory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185257.
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This study has sought to probe the origin of Korean chaebols by employing theories that have been developed to account for the rise of American business organizations. By examining the top four chaebols qualitatively through detailed case analyses and 143 business groups quantitatively through statistical analyses, this study tests hypotheses raised by the three theoretical perspectives. The major findings of this study indicate that the political economy has been the dominant factor that contributed to transforming mediocre business groups into large chaebol groups. In particular, an organization's relationship with the state was of utmost significance. This study also indicates that the institutional isomorphism approach can complement politically motivated or efficiency-oriented theories. One of the major findings of this study is that Chandler's theory accounting for the rise of Korean chaebols is weak. However, its weakness does not stem from its main proposition that strategy calls for structural reform, but from its premise that growth strategy and structure presuppose economic and technological development. Williamson's transaction cost economics has a limited capability to account for the rise of the Korean chaebol. It is argued that the relative weakness of this theory may be inherent in its "universal" nature, which makes little provision for societal and cultural differences between the United States and Korea.
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Tan, Fiona Ai Lin. "Inter-sectoral labour mobility in Korea : its origins and relationship with unemployment." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Business, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0167.
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[Truncated abstract] The Asian Financial Crisis was a wake-up call to the South Korean economy that a change to its economic structure was needed. Prior to the Crisis, South Korea enjoyed healthy economic growth and low unemployment. With the onset of the Crisis, Korea experienced severe recession. Unemployment levels soared and turnover in the labour market became commonplace. The Korean government enacted a series of policies and succeeded in combating unemployment in the short-term. To the present time, unemployment levels have been lowered, albeit with job instability and insecurity. A more effective longer-term solution is needed to increase the resilience of this NIE. The role of inter-sector labour mobility as a policy tool to combat unemployment using the relevant determinants of mobility has not been explored in Korea (Asia), although it has been debated at length in the West since the 1980s. Part of the reason for this lies in the lack of longitudinal data to facilitate appropriate research. Recently, such data have been made available by the Korean Labour Institute (KLI). This thesis extends research into the labour mobility-unemployment relationship to South Korea. The priority is to establish whether a mobility-unemployment relationship exists in Korea, and to obtain a thorough understanding of the factors affecting sectoral mobility in this country in order to facilitate the crafting of potential tools for addressing the unemployment problem. The thesis is organised into two parts. ... The main finding is that whilst the monetary variables and worker/industry characteristics impact male and female mobility differently, sectoral unemployment and sectoral shock affect male and female mobility similarly. The thesis is summarised and some policy measures provided in the sypnosis. It is argued that the 'new' mobility-unemployment phenomenon appears to have emerged in Korea after the Crisis, whereas it had been a feature of Western economies in much earlier time periods. Traditional monetary and fiscal policies are inadequate when it comes to combating unemployment in the presence of this mobility-unemployment phenomenon. A combination of macro-policies, given the relevance of the ADH, and micro-policies, given the validity of the SSH, is required. The multi-dimensional nature of mobility implies that the micro policies to control or reduce mobility rates using the relevant variables (to alleviate unemployment) should cover measures related to monetary wages, labour market groups and sector performance. The sypnosis notes a dearth of Asian studies on sectoral mobility, possibly due to the lack of longitudinal data. The collection of quality longitudinal data for other Asian countries, so that research along the lines conducted in the thesis could be undertaken for other NIEs, was seen as being of vital importance. With such data, the standard of research on Asian economies can be at par with that of the Western countries, and the apparently considerable potential benefits of microeconomic policies via sectoral mobility for Asia could be realised.
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Hsieh, Michelle Fei-yu. "The East Asian miracle revisited : the Taiwan-South Korea comparison based on a case study of the bicycle industry." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100625.
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Through an in-depth case study of the bicycle industry, this dissertation examines the claims of the developmental state thesis insofar as they pertain to the facilitating of industrial transformation in Taiwan and Korea. The bicycle industry has been chosen because it has the capacity to generate forward and backward linkages to the domestic societies, a capacity that development theorists consider to be an indicator of successful industrial development. I examine the developmental state thesis by investigating how firms compete internationally in the context of state-led export development as well as the conditions that permit upgrading, that is, those that make possible the transition to higher value-added economic activities.This dissertation makes two principal claims: First, what is understood as the East Asian model in the current state-centric literature is really only the Korean model. I contend, however, that there are, in fact, two competing paths/models of East Asian development. Moreover, I argue that existing social structures deserve attention. I argue that the differences in social structures create different relational dynamics between the state and society despite the often-emphasized "state-autonomy" factor, and that they have given rise to the different industrial structures in the two countries studied. Second, the existing state-centric literature implicitly or explicitly infers that the Korean model, in which state and large corporations work closely together, is the key for future growth for late comers. Contrary to this view, I illustrate how upgrading is possible among small- and medium-sized enterprises in Taiwan under a relatively egalitarian system and a particular type of state-society relationship. The state, in this context, provides infrastructural support, which, I argue, is important for preserving horizontal cooperation among firms. This cooperation among firms encourages information and technology diffusion that flows through the economy and leads to the improvement of the social and economic well being of the whole society. On the other hand, the Korean case suggests that the power imbalance and over-dominance of an industrial structure by a few firms leads to a more predatory, vertical and dependent relationship between the large assemblers and smaller parts firms. The Korean policy of picking winners encourages the expansion of large business groups and a mass production system, which, in turn, prevent inter-firm cooperation. The system of the state-large corporation nexus has been effective in catching up in targeted sectors, but I contend that the upgrading does not cascade to other sectors. Moreover, the system has thwarted the development of entrepreneurship in the sector of small- and medium-sized enterprises.
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Kang, Kwon Myung Hee. "Economic growth and urban poverty in Hong Kong and Seoul." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18037847.
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Silva, Rodrigo Luiz Medeiros da. "O mito do desenvolvimento Sul-Coreano." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285442.
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Orientador: Plinio Soares de Arruda Sampaio JuniorDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T23:03:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RodrigoLuizMedeirosda_M.pdf: 1595987 bytes, checksum: 0584706958b89045aa35ac2bce8538a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: Nas últimas quatro décadas, a Coréia do Sul tem vivenciado um processo extremamente acelerado de crescimento econômico e modernização estrutural. Alçado ao patamar de ¿modelo¿ para os demais países periféricos, o chamado ¿caso coreano¿ deu origem a duas interpretações teóricas mais vastamente difundidas. A primeira, de inspiração ortodoxa, enfatiza as condições estruturais vigentes na Coréia e advoga pela adequação das políticas econômicas ali implantadas, que teriam respeitado os mecanismos de mercado, dadas as vantagens comparativas estruturais supostamente detidas pelo país. A segunda, de inspiração heterodoxa, enfatiza o papel do Estado na criação de condições para o desenvolvimento industrial, distorcendo os mecanismos de mercado em setores taticamente eleitos. O objetivo desta dissertação é problematizar estas duas vertentes analíticas, com base nos ensinamentos de Celso Furtado. Para tal, as principais tarefas desta dissertação são: 1) apresentar um quadro geral das transformações ocorridas no país no pós-guerra, 2) discutir, à luz da obra de Furtado, a diferença qualitativa entre desenvolvimento e crescimento, 3) retomar contribuições de autores das duas vertentes mais difundidas no debate sobre o ¿caso coreano¿, 4) discutir a especificidade geopolítica e histórica da Coréia, demonstrando como a trajetória do país seria altamente afetada por acontecimentos internacionais cruciais, e 5) argumentar que o rápido crescimento econômico sul-coreano esteve associado à contínua repressão da dissidência política nacionalista coreana e, 6) discutir em que medida, à luz da teoria furtadiana, a Coréia estaria efetivamente se desenvolvendo
Abstract: During the last four decades, South Korea has been characterized by an extremely accelerated process of economic growth and structural modernization. Promoted to the rank of ¿model¿ to other developing countries, the so-called ¿Korean Case¿ originated two leading theoretical interpretations. The first, of orthodox inspiration, emphasizes Korea¿s structural conditions and supports the policies put into practice in the country, which are seen as respectful to the market mechanism, given the structural comparative advantages supposedly detained by the country. The second, of heterodox inspiration, emphasizes the role of the State in distorting the market mechanism in tactically elected sectors. The point of this dissertation is to discuss the conclusions of these two groups of authors, having recourse to the theory of development created by Celso Furtado. Hence, the major tasks of this dissertation are: 1) to present the transformations occurred in the country since the end of the Korean War, 2) to discuss, alluding to Celso Furtado¿s contribution, the qualitative difference between economic growth and development, 3) to recapture the dominant debate about the ¿Korean case¿, 4) to present the historical and geopolitical specificity of Korea, demonstrating how vastly the country¿s trajectory has been affected by crucial international happenings, 5) to state that the political repression of Korean nationalist forces was tough during the period of accelerated growth and, 6) to answer the following question: accoding to the conception developed by Celso Furtado, is Korea becoming a developed nation?
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Parc, Jimmyn. "An eclectic approach to enhancing the competitive advantage of nations : analyzing the success factors of East Asian economies with a focus on the development of South Korea." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040086/document.
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Les théories économiques existantes se concentrent sur les avantages que possède chaque pays en tant que facteurs essentiels pour le développement. Cependant, le succès sans précédent des économies d’Asie de l’Est, comme Hong Kong, Singapour, Taiwan et la Corée du Sud, ne peut pas être convenablement expliqué par ces théories antérieures car ces économies ont commencé leur développement sans avantages significatifs. L’examen du succès de ces économies devrait être abordé dans une perspective différente. Le but de la thèse est de développer une nouvelle approche laquelle permet de mieux déterminer les facteurs clés de la réussite du développement économique des quatre « dragons asiatiques »Existing economic theories focus on advantages that nations possess as a key factor to growth and success. However, the unprecedented success of East Asian economies cannot be appropriately explained by these earlier theories. The success of these countries should be addressed in a different way because they started their economic growth without any significant advantages. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to develop a new paradigm that can fully explain the key success factors for the economic development of East Asian economies
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Oh, Changgyun. "Labor control and economic development in South Korea, 1961-1979 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737890.
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Kim, Soyoung. "Economic analysis of EPR policy in South Korea." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199480.
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Lee, Song Ho. "Policy conflict in Korea : the case of economic regulatory reforms /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29624503.html.
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Jun, Solarz Seung Gyu. "The role of the government in national economic development planning the effectiveness of the Korean Economic Planning Board /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28824977.html.
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Bach, Stephen D. "Redefining "success" in South Korean development." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2001. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3018689.
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Hart, Dennis. "From tradition to consumption : the rise of a materialist culture in South Korea /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10781.
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Kim, Wangsik. "Economic crisis and financial reform in Japan and Korea." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3100053.
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Rebelo, Antonio Carlos Stangherlin. "Economic growth in South Korea : government or free market achievement? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA306823.
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Bae, Jun Sik. "Defence spending, arms races and economic development in South Korea." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10966/.
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Kim, Woo-Jin. "Economic growth, low income and housing in S. Korea." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1620/.
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When S.Korea was liberated from Japan and soon partitioned between the South and the North in 1945, she was one of the world's poorest countries. The Korean War (1950-1953) had a profound impact on S.Korean society. Hunger became even more routine and famine very common. After the military revolution in 1960 onwards the S.Korean government consistently continued a "growth-first approach" to promote rapid economic development which could then generate resources to raise the living standards of those on low incomes, rather than a selective and targeted approach which involved extensive public action to improve the circumstances of destitute people. Since this time S.Korea began to be counted as a rapidly industrialising country. In 1960, about 65.9 per cent of the labour force in S.Korea was engaged in agriculture and a mere 9.2 per cent in the mining, manufacturing and construction sectors. In 1990, only 19.5 per cent of the labour force was engaged in agriculture and 34.7 per cent in the mining, manufacturing and construction sectors. Even in industry, the structure of the industry has changed from labour-intensive industry, such as textiles and shoes, to capital and skill-intensive industry, such as shipbuilding, automobiles and electronics. In 1960, the urban share of total population was 28.0 per cent. This figure grew to 74.4 per cent in 1990. All these were accompanied by changes in occupation, social class, even the way of life. Even within the house itself, the change in the use of fuel from timber to gas and electricity was accompanied by a dramatic change in the design and structure of housing.
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Choi, Myung Ju. "Import regimes and rent seeking : the case of South Korea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334092.
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Ladpli, Pimpen. "Economic policy and development in south-east Asian economies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390602.
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Choi, Gyubin. "The evolution and practice of economic statecraft in South Korea : the case study of South Korea's positive engagement towards North Korea." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8341/.
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This thesis aims to investigate the use of positive economic statecraft in South Korea in relation to its policy on North Korea between 1988 and 2007, and examines the impact of economic incentives on inter-Korean relations under the governments of Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. To address the question of whether South Korea’s policy on North Korea could induce cooperation in inter-Korean relations and lead to changes in the political behaviour of North Korea, this thesis re-conceptualises the practice and process of the use of economic incentives as positive engagement. This thesis argues that the impact of positive engagement on inter-Korean relations is corroborated by the changes made at the level of economic ties between the two Koreas. This increased level of asymmetrical interdependence between the two Koreas is expected to dissuade Pyongyang from conducting hostile behaviour thereby reducing the danger of military conflict while providing the impetus for further structural changes within North Korea. However, this thesis demonstrates that the increased inter-Korean economic cooperation and North Korea’s subsequent economic dependence on South Korea fails to induce North Korea to open up, undergo reform, and dissuade it from carrying out nuclear or missile tests. This thesis argues that while it is correct that North Korea’s pursuit of a nuclear weapons programme imposes constraints on the dynamics of engagement, the determinants of positive engagement also stem from the nature of South Korea’s policy on North Korea itself and divergent forces derived from sanctions and incentives-oriented policy between the United States and South Korea.
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Choi, Myung-Ae. "Governing deceleration : the natures, times, and spaces of ecotourism in South Korea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0327cadd-3379-4d27-b22b-46a5cc92c63a.
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This thesis explores the governmentalities of ecotourism in South Korea in relation to the specific historical-political experience of accelerated modernisation, focussing on three selected analytical themes of nature, time, and space. It develops a theoretical framework that combines Foucauldian governmentality analysis with concepts and insights related to nature, time and space developed in more-than-human and relational geographies and cognate social sciences. Drawing on three cases of tidal flat tourism, countryside walking, and whale tourism, it first examines the assemblages and technologies of ecotourism governance. It argues that ecotourism in South Korea is characterised by a decentralised mode of governance involving an array of political actors. This mode relies less on sovereign power and more on disciplinary and biopolitical techniques. Second, it examines the ways in which political technologies relating to nature, time, and space are engaged in the governmentalities of South Korean ecotourism. The analysis centres on: understandings of nature enacted through the discourse of saengmyeong [life] and therapeutic experiences; a discourse of slowness enacted through a paradoxical temporal organisation of accelerated slowness; and the multiple spatial relations entangled in the geographical-historical connections of South Korean modernisation. Together, these political technologies are deployed to create an ecotourism subject who cares about the self and the environment, which differs from the prevalent South Korean positions of the disciplined worker and the practical user of nature. This thesis argues that ecotourism in South Korea serves as a new biopolitical intervention to conduct the conduct of its human participants in ways that differ from those established through accelerated modernisation. By offering one of the first social science accounts of ecotourism in South Korea, it provides novel concepts and practices for the analysis of ecotourism. These differ from the mainstream approaches that deploy a political economy framework and focus largely on examples drawn from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia.
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Eun, Hyechung. "State and power in East Asian development : the case of Korea." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1996. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7323.
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This thesis examines competing explanations of the rapid post-war economic growth of the New Industrialising Countries of East Asia (Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong and South Korea). It pays particular attention to the role of the state and to the state's changing relations to other major centres of power. The general approach is then augmented by a detailed exploration using a case study of economic development in South Korea. The new wave of economic development in east Asian countries' has stimulated an vast amount of research from a wide variety of perspectives. Many studies have focused single-mindedly on the central position of the state and its guiding role in economic development, rather than taking a more holistic approach by looking at the complex and evolving interplay between the state and other social sectors. However, this present work attempts to demonstrate the utility of a perspective that places the economic success of east Asian NICs through a detailed examination of the Korean case within a broader context. This context takes account of the shifting international environment and its impact and the cultural factors which these four countries have inherited. It also explores the actions of the state in relation to the responses and strategies of other key groups of actors. In summary, the feature of the actions of state and the state autonomy have been' diversified in accordance with changes of its components. This is even more so in the case of Korea which was once under the military regime but is now civilian controlled by a government. Korea took a specific path to achieve its economic development by creating the chaebols, family-owned conglomerates. It can be said, therefore, that over the last three decades the soil was prepared for the power shift among the power blocs including the state, the chaebols and labour group. The power of the chaebols has grown from being dominated by the state in the 1960s to being more symbiotic with state power in the 1990s. The chaebols have carefully prepared the ground for this new relationship by consolidating their social networks in society. The thesis also examines the mass communication system, concentrating upon the way that shifting relationships between the major power groups impact on the mass media.
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Aroche, Reyes Fidel. "Economic structures in Brazil, Mexico and South Korea : an input-output application." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434436.
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Hong, Jihyung. "Socio-economic inequalities in mental health and their determinants in South Korea." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/494/.
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Suicide rates in South Korea (hereafter ‘Korea’) have seen a sharp upward trend over the past decade, and now stand amongst the highest in OECD countries. This raises urgent policy concerns about population mental health and its socioeconomic determinants, an area that is still poorly understood in Korea. This thesis sets out to investigate socio-economic inequalities in the domain of mental health, particularly for depression and suicidal behaviour, in contemporary Korea. The thesis first evaluates the extent of income-related inequality in the prevalence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in Korea and tracks their changes over a 10-year period (1998-2007) in the aftermath of the 1997/98 economic crisis. Based on four waves of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KHANES) data, concentration indices reveal a growing trend of pro-rich inequalities in all three outcomes over this period. To understand the potential impact of the observed widening income inequality, the next empirical investigation examines whether income inequality has a detrimental effect on mental health that is independent of a person’s absolute level of income. Due to the paucity of time series data, the analysis focuses on an association between regional-level income inequality and mental health, using the 2005 KHANES data. The results provide little evidence to support the link between the two at regional level. The thesis pays special attention to suicide mortality rates given their disconcerting trend in contemporary Korea. Using mortality data for 2004-2006, the third empirical investigation first elucidates the spatial patterns of suicide rates, highlighting substantial geographical variations across 250 districts. The results of a spatial lag model suggest that area deprivation has an important role in shaping the geographical distribution of suicide, particularly for men. The final empirical investigation sets out to understand the suicide trend in Korea in the context of other Asian countries (Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, and Taiwan), using both panel data and country-specific time-series analyses (1980-2009). Despite similarities in geography and culture, the suicide phenomenon is unique to Korea, particularly for the elderly. The overall findings suggest that low levels of social integration and economic adversity may in part explain the atypical suicide trend in Korea.
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Jin, Hong, and 金紅. "Cultural politics in transnationalism: migrant Korean Chinese in South Korea." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37223227.
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Lee, Suk. "Food shortages and economic institutions in the Democratic Peoples' Republic of Korea." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2505/.
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This thesis aims to understand the 1987-99 food crisis in the DPRK. We begin by establishing the fact that the country faced several previous food shortages, including the 1945-46 urban foods crisis, the 1954-55 rural food crisis and the 1970-73 food shortage, all of which triggered and motivated corresponding institutional changes in agriculture. And we find that in order to overcome repeated food shortages the country has developed several distinctive economic institutions such as administrative/quantitative production control in agriculture, state grain marketing, food rationing, central monopoly of agricultural trade and supplementary food supply institutions. On the basis of this finding, we proceed into the analysis of the food crisis. Specifically, three controversial issues are examined. First, did it escalate into famine? If it did, how severe was the famine? Second, what was the causation of the famine? How did it unfold and what features did it have? Third, did the food crisis change the DPRK agriculture? With respect to the first issue we estimate the number of excess deaths during the food crisis using official population figures. It shows that there existed a famine that claimed 688 thousand excess deaths in 1994-99. For the second issue we argue that the famine had several unique features. First it was ‘absolute food availability decline (FAD) famine’ in which no policies were feasible to prevent it. Second, it was urban famine where industrial population in the north-eastern part of the country suffered most. Third, it was ‘famine-in-slow motion’ that victims persistently weakened for a long period rather than perished in a short space of time, due to the mixed result of massive FAD and systematic national coping strategies. Concerning the final issue we show that it is not necessarily true that the food crisis genuinely changed the DPRK agriculture as generally conceived.
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Huang, Chao Ying. "Technology transfer and development : a comparative study of China, South Korea and Japan." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21328.
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It is believed that the more backward a country, the great potential for her to catch up. The history of the modern economic growth, which started in the United Kingdom in 1780, seems to have indicated this. But why has only a tiny group of countries managed to achieve modern economic growth? The neo-classical growth theory, based on the assumptions of constant return to scale, law of diminishing return and perfect competition, failed to explain the key causes of economic growth. The post-war experience of some countries, particularly Japan and South Korea, indicates that some things other than the increase in weighted labour and capital inputs, as claimed by the neo-classical growth theory, may have played a more important role in their rapid economic growth. Technological progress is now regarded by many economists as the most important contributing factors to economic growth. Technological advance generates economic growth through its effect on total factor productivity. However, where the new technologies come from, raining down from heaven as many neo-classical economists suggest, or resulting from the intentional investment as the new growth theory shows, has been an important controversial issue over the past three decades. It is hoped by many that the new growth theory could help to open the 'balck [sic] box' in the near future. This thesis is to examine what role technological advance has played in the economic growth of Japan and South Korea over the past three decades or so. A comparative analysis of China, Japan and South Korea in technology transfer, adaptation and diffusion will also be one of the main tasks of the study. Through this, the study tries to identify the key factors responsible for the successful assimilation and diffusion of new technologies in the Japanese and Korean economies. The main aim of the thesis is not to test the new growth or new trade theories. However, the key elements of the key elements of the new theories have been analysed throughout the study. The present study goes further beyond the areas that have been raised in the new theories. The cultural factor, country's socio-economic background, role of government, role of industrial policies and the character of different institutions will also be examined. The findings of the present study are: economies of scale and external economies have been the important factors for Japan and South Korea to have gained some comparative advantages in petrochemical and electronics industries. Rapid and efficient transfer and diffusion of new technologies have been the driving forces behind the fast economic growth both in Japan and South Korea during the post war period. A highly competent and efficient government, appropriate economic and industrial policies, a disciplined and well educated labour force and close co-operation between the government and the business community and between the management and employees have also played important role in the Japanese and Korean economic success.
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Frisk, Mårten. "Economic bureaucracy and the South Korean developmental state." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-23814.
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South Korea underwent a period of high economic growth which propelled it from low to high income status in just a few decades. Instrumental in this process of rapid industrial transformation was the economic bureaucracy which formulated and implemented policies. This thesis details the role played by bureaucratic organizations in South Korea’s development and how they were able to formulate successful economic policies. In analyzing the economic bureaucracy in South Korea, a framework is used to determine its level of autonomy from special interests as well as the degree of public-private cooperation. The study finds that the high levels of corporate coherence and autonomy from special interests within the economic bureaucracy can partially be ascribed to the meticulously meritocratic recruitment and promotion process which was established prior to the first years of high economic growth. At a higher level of abstraction, the study concludes that South Korea benefited from having a strong imperative to develop its economy due to numerous external and domestic conditions. Although the level of applicability in other contexts is found to be limited, the emergence of a competent and relatively incorrupt bureaucracy remains one aspect which could possibly be reproduced elsewhere.
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Daniels, Sinclair Lonwabo. "The impact of economic downturn on black economic empowerment and banks." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1505.
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The purpose of this treatise is to ascertain the impact of economic downturn on Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) and Banks. This has been sparked by the huge speculations in the market as to what will happen to BEE and how will the banks cope in general with the impact of this scourge. It is imperative to understand the influence of the 2008+ economic downturn on socio-economic reconstruction and development in South Africa and the black economic empowerment and its funding mechanisms. The treatise has two phases the, namely the theoretical phase and a bit of narrative phase. In the theoretical phase the research study interrogates what the literature review reveals about the economic downturn, BEE as well as performances of different banks across the world. This shows the economic impact that the banks have had to endure during the economic downturn. This resulted in stock markets losing their value. The dividend earners were significantly affected including a sizeable number of BEE companies. The BEE companies are perceived to be too reliant on debt on to finance their deals and this treatise will look at various options of financing a BEE deal and what is deem to the most suited financing structure. The narrative phase involves semi-structured interviews that were conducted in order to ascertain the real impact that South African were faced with and how they have managed to steer clear of the turbulent waters. This also looked at how the BEE consultant views the current occurrences in the market.
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Kim, Sunghoo. "The Relationship Between Domestic Savings and Other Economic Indicators in Korea." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500312/.
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This study is an analysis of the relationship between domestic savings and three economic indicators in the Republic of Korea during the 1950s through 1980s. While domestic saving is affected by many economic phenomena, the analysis is confined to national income, exports, and inflation. The study is divided into five chapters. These are entitled (1) Introduction, (2) Domestic Savings, (3) Income and Domestic Savings, (4) Exports and Domestic Savings, (5) Inflation and Domestic Savings. In chapter I, Korea and the Korean economy are introduced, and the scope of the study is stated. Chapter II reviews the related realm of domestic savings: definition, kinds, and determinants of domestic savings. Chapter III presents the relationship between different incomes and domestic savings, and shows non-labor income contributes more powerfully to the formation of domestic savings than labor income. Chapter IV contains effects of exports, and hypothesis testing. The effect of exports suggests that export expansion affects domestic savings positively via an increase in gross national product. Chapter V deals with the correlation between inflation and domestic savings, and its testing. The correlation between inflation and domestic savings is not generally clear except for some specific cases.
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Conference, Southern African Catholic Bishops'. "Economic justice in South Africa: a pastoral statement." Southern African Catholic Bishops' Conference, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/68823.
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The Introduction to the statement explains that its aim is to contribute to the search for a more just, equitable and sustainable economic dispensation. It reminds people that, as a nation, we have overcome the horrors of apartheid and made significant progress towards peace and stability. However, we are sitting on an economic time-bomb; if we do not strive for economic justice we must expect a deepening of our social problems such as crime, lawlessness, poverty and unemployment. The second section considers the Church's Prophetic Duty to speak out and to bring Gospel values to bear on political, economic and social matters. A second transformation is needed: massive, and overwhelmingly positive, political change has occurred, but the same has not yet happened in the economy, with the result that the majority of our people still have little chance of fulfilling their reasonable hopes for a better life. Section three turns to the question of Discerning Economic Justice. It is asserted that every economy has a moral quality which makes it possible for us to pass judgements as to whether or not it is a just economy. In order to make such judgements the presence or absence of various factors must be assessed, including poverty, unemployment, discrimination, materialism and environmental degradation. Next, the statement deals briefly with Economic Structure. The fact that economies are complex, and that most people are unfamiliar with economic terminology, results in many people feeling powerless. They believe that, as individuals, they have no influence over, or responsibility for, the way an economy operates. Some of the negative consequences of such a belief are mentioned, and it is pointed out that we have a moral duty to make the correct choices, even in complex matters. Section four, Christian Economic Values, offers some guidelines for those striving to make these choices. The section summarises some of the main concepts and principles developed by the Church as ways of making concrete the commandment to 'love your neighbour as yourself'. These include the common good, solidarity, the option for the poor, the common destiny of goods, and the integrity of creation. The South African Economy is analysed in section six, according to the criteria mentioned in section three. Poverty, unemployment, materialism, greed, the lack of women's economic empowerment, debt and corruption are among the features identified as contributing to economic injustice in our country. But the gap between rich and poor is singled out as the defining characteristic of our economy, with millions of South Africans surviving, like Lazarus, on crumbs from the rich man's table. No country's economy exists in isolation, free from outside influences. Therefore, in section seven, some attention is given to The World Economy, especially to aspects which affect South Africa. The point is made that international factors can act as powerful constraints on moves towards economic justice at home, without their being, however, an excuse for a lack of effort in this direction. When statements such as the present one are published, people have a right to expect the authors to make specific and practical recommendations. This is attempted in section eight, What Can Be Done? The major role-players in the economy are identified and various steps are suggested for each of them; these range from fiscal initiatives to encourage job-creation, through changes to personal taxation and measures to improve productivity and training, to the promotion of the interests of the unemployed. However, it is conceded that even the most enlightened economic measures will not be able to withstand selfish and destructive attitudes. The question of people's attitudes to each other and to economic choices is therefore addressed, with particular emphasis being placed on the role of the religious community in this regard. By way of Conclusion the statement points out that economic justice is demanded not just by the poor and by forthcoming generations, but by God. In striving for a just economy we are carrying forward Jesus' great task of bringing fullness of life to all people.2nd ed
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Sadie, J. L. (Johannes L. ). 1918. "The economic demography of South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51963.
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Thesis (DCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: It is remarkable that population, which is at the centre of the economic problem - the Wealth if not the Poverty of Nations - has received scant attention in economic research in South Africa. Which is probably why we can have a NEW - so designated in the Draft Report - population policy propounded by government (in 1997) which manifests little appreciation of the economics of population. This dissertation is an attempt to demonstrate why the void should be filled and to bring to light specific topics within the broader subject matter that could be fruitfully researched. The demographic scene in South Africa lends itself to a telling demonstration of the economic effects of population movements by way of contrasting the experience of the high fertility, youthful Black population - with a total fertility rate of around 37 after having been 6,75 in the 1950s - and that of the demographically older non-Blacks, among whom the Whites exhibit a fertility level way below the replacement rate of 2,1, while that of the Asians (Indians) and Coloureds has almost reached that rate. Since the former has a share of more than a dominant three-quarters in the aggregate South African population, the emphasis is inevitably on the economic consequences of rapid population growth and its attendant demographic magnitudes: fertility, mortality, migration, age and sex composition, spatial distribution and, what is called "economic quality" of the population as manifested in its supply of enterprise. The analysis is presented in the traditional supply and demand paradigm. Supply is examined by linking demographic forces to the five factors of production whose co-operation is responsible for the generation of the national product: entrepreneurship, (ordinary) labour, natural resources, technology and capital. The population has to generate an adequate supply of entrepreneurs, and the two human factors of production have to have one or more of the non-human factors at their disposal to accommodate the population economically. Proliferating human numbers can be destructive of natural resources, and in conflict with the formation of capital, the accumulation of technology and their potential economic welfare-enhancing operation. The demand aspects are analysed by linking on to the four macro demand components in the national accounts system: Household consumption, Government consumption, Investment (visa- vis saving) and foreign trade. Some of the issues discussed are: the stability deriving from a population elasticity of demand close to 1,0; the comparative significance of the population versus the affluence factor; the role of high fertility in the acquisition, at the election polls, of economic power via political power, and its consequences for the diversion of demand; the capital absorbed in "demographic investments"; and the significance of the South African factor endowment for its foreign trade. From the above analyses conclusions could be drawn about econormc growth, poverty, unemployment and the economic value of a life. In human populations, in sub-Saharan Africa at least, quantity is the adversary of quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Dit is merkwaardig dat Bevolking, wat aan die middelpunt staan van die Rykdom van Volkere indien nie van die Armoede nie, so weinig aandag in die ekonomiese literatuur van Suid-Afrika geniet. Dit is waarskynlik waarom die regering in 1997 'n NUWE bevolkingsbeleid - so gespesifiseer in die konsepwitskrif - kan voorstel wat weinig aanduiding toon van 'n waardering vir die Ekonomie van Demografiese tendense. Hierdie dissertasie is 'n poging om te demonstreer waarom die leemte gevul moet word, en om spesifieke onderwerpe, binne die breëre raamwerk, vir verdere ondersoek aan die lig te bring. Die demografiese toneel in Suid-Afrika leen homself tot 'n treffende demonstrasie van die ekonomiese gevolge van demografiese tendense by wyse van 'n kontrastering van die ondervinding van die snelgroeiende, jeugdige Swart bevolking - met 'n totale fertiliteitsyfer (TFS) van nagenoeg 3.7, nadat dit gedurende die vyftigerjare 6,75 was - en dié van die demografies-ouer nie-Swart bevolking, onder wie die Blankes, met 'n TFS wat reeds ver benede verplasingskoers van 2,1 is, en Asiërs (Indiërs) en Kleurlinge wat alreeds byna daardie peil bereik het. Aangesien eersgenoemde etniese groep ook nog 'n oorheersende aandeel van meer as driekwart in die totale SA bevolkingsgrootte het, is dit onvermydelik dat die nadruk sal val op die ekonomiese gevolge van snelle bevolkingsgroei met die daarmee samehangende demografiese groothede: fertiliteit, mortaliteit, migrasie, leeftyd- en geslagsamestelling, geografiese verspreiding en ook "ekonomiese kwaliteit" soos dit in die aanbod van ondernemerskap gemanifesteer word. Die analise word in die tradisionele vraag en aanbod paradigma aangebied. Aanbod word ontleed deur demografiese faktore te koppel met die vyf produksiefaktore waarvan die samewerking vir die skepping van die nasionale produk verantwoordelik is: ondernemers, arbeid, natuurlike hulpbronne, tegnologie en kapitaal. Die bevolking moet 'n voldoende aantalondernemers verwek, en die twee menslike produksiefaktore benodig die bystand van een of meer van die niemenslike faktore, om die bevolking ekonomies te kan akkommodeer. Vermenigvuldigende mensegetalle kan vernietigend inwerk op natuurlike hulpbronne en kan in konflik verkeer met kapitaalvorming en tegnologie-akkumulasie en hul ekonomiese welsynsbevorderende werking. Die vraag-aspekte word analiseer deur aan te sluit by die vier makro vraagkomponente in die nasionale boekhoudingstelsel : huishoudelike verbruik, regeringskonsumpsie, belegging (vis-a-vis besparing) en buitlandse handel. Aangeleenthede wat onder die loep geneem word, sluit, onder andere, die volgende in: stabiliteit wat voorspruit uit 'n bevolkingselastisiteit van vraag wat nagenoeg 1 is; die vergelykende invloed van ekonomiese oorvloed teenoor die menslike getallefaktor; die rol van hoë fertiliteit in die verkryging van ekonomiese mag deur middel van die stembus en sy gevolge vir die omleiding van vraag; die kapitaal wat in "demografiese beleggings" geabsorbeer word; en die betekenis van die Suid-Afrikaanse produksiefaktorbegunstiging vir sy internasionale handel. Uit bogenoemde ontledings kan gevolgtrekkinge gemaak word ten opsigte van ekonomiese groei, armoede, werkloosheid en die ekonomiese waarde van 'n menselewe. In menslike bevolkings - minstens sover dit sub-Sahara-Afrika betref - staan kwantiteit in 'n adversatiewe houding teenoor kwaliteit.
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Nach, Marida Nephertiti. "Determinants of economic growth in South Africa: an economic analysis of the Keynesian macroeconomic model." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12459.
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A country’s performance is commonly measured by its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The Gross Domestic Product in Developing Countries (DCs) can be seen confusing and unbalanced, with regular and unconditional falls and booms. This study aims at examining the factors that affect the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Developing Countries (DCs) whereby South Africa is being selected as a representative. An econometric analysis of the Keynesian model is adopted to test the South African Gross Domestic Product (GDP) over a decade (10 years). The methodology conducted uses quarterly time series data from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) where the South African Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is modelled as a function of consumption expenditure, domestic investment, government spending and export/import of the country. This is in order to determine which of these factors best explain South African economic growth dynamics. The variables in the model are tested for stationary and the result shows that the variables become stationary at 1st difference, except for consumption which become stationary at 2nd difference. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) results confirm that consumption, investment, government spending and net export all have a positive impact on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The findings suggest that the South African Gross Domestic Product is mainly influenced by consumption, followed by investment. In the recommendation context, the study recommends that South Africa should continue to maintain price stability while at the same time endeavour to attract more investment to the country. Moreover, Developing Countries need to maintain a fiscal discipline without necessarily losing sight of the international dynamics. For further areas of studies, the study recommends more analysis on macroeconomic policies that are comprehensive and can cover all aspects related to the Keynesian model of economic growth. Finally, it is necessary to remind that the findings and recommendations drawn from the study are limited to the concept of South Africa and are based only on the results from the empirical analysis conducted.
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Song, Tebek. "Differentiation strategies of Korean Deposit Money Banks to sustain a competitive advantage in the household savings market." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3531.
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Competition among financial institutions in Korean household savings market (HSM) has become severe. Deposit money banks (DMBs) which have occupied the main prop of the Korean financial system have entered turbulent times mainly due to the relaxation of financial regulations which artificially provide a stabilized market environment, as well as the out-performance of non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs). Also, Korean households are becoming better educated, more sophisticated and richer in line with the increase in wealth of the nation. The market share of DMBs in HSM has gradually declined, but that of NBFIs has continuously increased. Consequently, DMBs are required to do something in the market in order, at least, to survive. As the first step, they should have a clear picture of the external environments which can dictate or affect their operations, along with the full understanding of their internal capabilities. Based on the conditions of external environments and internal capabilities, DMBs have to choose one of the 5Ds (ie. disinvestment, de-escalation, do-nothing, development or diversification) as their strategic direction in the market they serve. However, no matter which strategic direction DMBs choose, they are required to differentiate themselves from their competitors in order to support successfully the implementation of a strategic direction chosen and to achieve competitive advantages in the market they serve. In differentiating themselves from others, DMBs will encounter somewhat different aspects from those firms which produce and sell physical goods mainly due to the characteristics (ie. intangible, inseparable, heterogeneous, perishable and non-owned) of their products. Therefore, DMBs have to use the extended 7Ps in order to overcome the problems caused by the unique characteristics of their products and to differentiate themselves from their competitors effectively in the market. However, the discretion of Korean DMBs to implement the extended 7Ps in the market has been so strictly restricted by the regulation that they can not exercise their full capabilities in the market, and they have a passive attitude towards the implementation of strategies in order to differentiate themselves from others. However, the results of this research - mainly based on the study of the financial systems and regulations of Korea and of households as customers of FIs-HSM, and the surveys for FIs-HSM and Korean households - show the possibility that DMBs can achieve competitive advantages effectively in HSM by differentiating themselves from their competitors, be they other DMBs or NBFIs in HSM. DMBs can freely use some components (ie. promotion, physical environment, personnel as a participant, process) of the 7Ps in the market even though other components (ie. product, price, place) of the 7Ps have strictly restricted use in the market at present. Besides, all components of the 7Ps will be sooner or later free to use for differentiating themselves in the market in accordance with the relaxation of financial regulations. As a conclusion, DMBs have to utilize their capabilities fully in order to achieve competitive advantages in the market and to prepare for future changes in the market by conducting the continuous R&D and market research.
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Zinn, Augusta Annette. "Economic growth and development approaches of South Africa and South Korea." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5428.
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M.B.A.This study aims to assess the economic growth and development approaches that have been used by South Africa and South Korea. With this in mind, a brief overview at the socio-economic history of each country is given and the various plans implemented by both countries are considered. In chapter one, a brief comparison between the histories of the two countries was made. The intent of this comparison is to highlight the disparities between two countries who were once economically on par. In chapter two, the different approaches to economic growth and development is discussed. The role of human capital and its effects on a countries economy is highlighted. The question of which approach to use is also considered. Should it be purely one approach or can it be a combination from the various models? Chapters three and four deals with the various programmes that have been implemented by South Korea and South Africa, respectively. The approach used and also the outcomes (where possible) are evaluated. In the South Korean situation the difficulties that have shaped the nation and the lingering effects that are still prevalent in its policies (budget allowance for defence and education) can be discerned. In the South African situation it is apparent that the government is also trying to deal with the lingering effects of apartheid. The true results of the programmes (RDP, GEAR) implemented thus far is not clear. The aim was to explore, by means of a literature review, what the economic growth experiences are of both South Africa and South Korea for their respective time periods under review, namely, from 1995 to 2003/4 and 1960 to 2003. the objectives of the study were, to explore the social and economic history of South Korea and of South Africa in order to determine, by means of comparison, policies and or strategies that South Africa might be able to use (if any) in order to establish and maintain economic growth.
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Yoon, Tae-Yong. "Macroeconomic fluctuations and economic growth : the case of Korea." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34280.
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The thesis presents a useful and effective blend of insights about macroeconomic business fluctuations and the effects of government expenditure in economic growth in Korea.
In Chapter I, I show that the joint behavior of key Korean macroeconomic variables is consistent with traditional Keynesian interpretation of macroeconomic business fluctuations by using standard VAR analysis and structural VAR analysis. Both analyses consistently confirmed that aggregate demand shocks move output and prices in the same direction, whereas aggregate supply shocks move output and prices in the opposite direction in the short run, and that aggregate demand shocks are reflected mostly in prices in the long run, while aggregate supply shocks are likely to have long run effects on output.
In Chapter II, I analyze the long run effects of different types of government spending on economic growth in Korean economy by using Transfer Function Analysis and Impulse Response Analysis. Both analyses indicated that the most efficient way to enhance the economic growth in Korea is by increasing expenditure on health, education, electricity, gas and water without ignoring expenditures on roads, social security and welfare, transportation and communication.Graduation date: 1997
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Lee, Eunjoo. "Unemployment and its impact on well-being a field study of the South Korean economic crisis, 1997-2001 /." Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3099473.
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Ponomareva, Natalia. "Issues in the choice of a monetary policy regime for an emerging market economy : the case of Korea." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151254.
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Kang, Myŏng-gyu. "Political economy of urbanization industrialization, agrarian transition, and spatial change in South Korea and Mexico /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23090127.html.
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Kim, Me Suk. "Literacy and social development : the church and nonformal education in South Korea (1910-1945)." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1949.
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The purpose of this thesis is to relate literacy (nonformal education) to social development. It begins with a theoretical discussion on literacy and social development and uses Paulo Freire's dialogical framework to determine the contribution literacy can make. In using the context of a South Korean literacy campaign, this work covers the historical development of the Korean alphabet and initiation of Hangeul literacy. It examines the arrival of Christian missionaries in Korea and how they used literacy to maximise conversion and Church establishment. Literacy became the Christian Church's mission and this is examined in the light of the Korean struggle for independence during the Japanese occupation. The impact of literacy on social development in political, economic and social sectors is evaluated. The paper discusses the problem of literacy and social development in developing nations and suggests some strategies for the society and Church.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Kim, Hyung-A. "Park Chung Hee's self-reliance ideology, 1961-1979 : modernization and national restoration." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144303.
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Kim, Ji hye. "The Impact of College Leaves of Absence on Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from South Korean College Students." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q52PNT.
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Human capital has become a key driver of individual employment and economic growth over the past few decades. The Republic of Korea in particular has experienced rapid and sustained economic success due to a marked rise in educated human capital over the past thirty years, but this status has begun to falter as glaring inefficiencies in the South Korean educational system, particularly concerning higher education, have emerged. The high-performing academic curricula at Korea’s higher education institutions fail to reflect the needs of industries, and the subsequent high unemployment rate among university graduates has led to a high incidence of voluntary college leaves of absence (LOAs) aimed at acquiring and reinforcing those skills required by the labor market, suggesting that Korea’s educational progress and the labor market are not well matched.
This dissertation is the first study aimed at understanding this voluntary break in college schooling while controlling for self-selection bias using propensity score matching (PSM) estimates. This study contributes to exploring the causal effect of a college LOA on labor market outcomes and heterogeneous effects across family background based on the 2011 Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS), the results of which may be useful for policymakers. Distinguishing between engaging in a college LOA to gain skills or experience and engaging in an LOA because of financial difficulties, I find significant positive effects of a college leave of absence on earnings and employment status for college LOAs motivated by employment preparation for both males and females. Considering that there is high financial dependence on parents in South Korea, both for funding one’s education and for covering the monetary costs of taking a college LOA, there is a strong link between family socioeconomic status (SES) and access to extra career-related activities through a college LOA. Families with low SES do not have the same opportunities to participate in college LOAs for employment preparation as do high SES students. Although low SES students have higher heterogeneous effects of a college LOA to prepare for employment, students with low parental income have limited returns to education. The close relationship between parental wealth and the ability to invest in experience and on-the-job training through an LOA may play a significant role in achieving successful labor market outcomes. This means that college LOAs can become a new channel for intergenerational transmission of earnings and even social inequality.
The impact of a college LOA due to financial difficulties on monthly income is not statistically significant for both males and females. However, statistically significant negative effect for males are found after controlling for work experience while enrolled in college, implying that student employment during college for male students who take an LOA for financial reasons has a significantly negative effect on wages in the labor market. This could be because the types of jobs that students might work may not be oriented toward labor market preparation and may even impede the development of increased human capital or have negative signaling properties, thus inducing negative labor market payoffs after graduation. Interestingly, even LOAs due to financial difficulties have a positive impact on female employment status. Given that South Korea has high barriers to labor market participation for women in South Korea, a college LOA contributes to a reduction in temporary female workers, indicating that more women are participating in the labor market with stable employment status.
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Choi, Byung-Sun. "Institutionalizing a liberal economic order in Korea the strategic management of economic change /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23913405.html.
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Kim, Joon-Hyung. "Economic policymaking in Korea policy change in turbulent times /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39797721.html.
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Eberstadt, Nick. "Policy and economic performance in divided Korea, 1945-1995." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38041138.html.
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Satterwhite, David H. "The politics of economic development coup, state, and the Republic of Korea's first Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1962-1966) /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33026402.html.
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