Journal articles: 'Korean Americans – Cultural assimilation'

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Koh, Donghee, and Sunita George. "Residential Patterns of Korean Americans in the Chicago Metropolitan Area." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, no. 2 (April 2016): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016040103.

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The city of Chicago is home to the third largest concentration of Korean Americans in the United States. It is estimated that four out of five Korean Americans in Chicago live in the suburbs. In this paper, the authors examine the extent of spatial assimilation of Korean Americans with both the “mainstream” American populations, namely, the Caucasian, Black and Hispanic populations, and also their residential patterns vis-à-vis other dominant Asian sub-groups in Chicago—Chinese, Indians and Filipinos. Their analysis examines spatial assimilation of Korean Americans in terms of their residential segregation/integration from 1970 to 2010 in a multi-ethnic context. Results indicate that in general Koreans are becoming more integrated (less segregated) with the White population over the forty year time period in every major county where they were clustered, while they are generally more segregated from the Black and Hispanic populations. Among the dominant Asian sub-groups, Korean Americans tended to be more integrated with Chinese and Indian populations, and more segregated from the Filipino population.

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Kim, Miyong T. "Cultural Influences on Depression in Korean Americans." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 33, no. 2 (February 1995): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19950201-04.

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Vallejo, Jody Agius. "Generations of exclusion: Mexican Americans, assimilation and race." Latino Studies 8, no. 4 (December 2010): 572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/lst.2010.45.

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Sun, Bongkyu, and Sangyun An. "A Study on Cultural Diversity Acceptance of Korean-Americans: Focused on Korean-Americans Living in the Eastern Region." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 2217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.12.3.154.

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Kim, Miyong T., David Chiriboga, and Barbara Yee. "INTEREST GROUP SESSION—KOREAN AND KOREAN AMERICAN AND AGING: UNDERSTANDING THE HEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF OLDER KOREAN AMERICANS FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1509.

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Abstract Despite tremendous progress in improving health in the U.S. in recent years, many ethnic minority populations still experience significant health disparity gaps that stem from a lack of valid research and culturally sensitive service infrastructures for those populations. Our previous research indicates that overwhelming numbers of older Korean Americans, a first-generation immigrant group, suffer not only from health issues but also from a lack of self-confidence and a feeling of social isolation because of language and cultural barriers. In addition, many older Korean Americans lack personal resources and health literacy to overcome those barriers when they attempt to access the complicated U.S. health care system. The purpose of this symposium is to promote the understanding of the health and well-being of older Korean Americans and identify their vulnerabilities and resilience. A series of five community-based studies of older Korean Americans conducted in multiple locations (e.g., FL, HI, TX, NY, CA, MD, VA, DC, MN, and IL) that covers diverse topics on health and well-being (e.g., health literacy, chronic disease management intervention, physical/mental/oral/cognitive health, end-of-life issues, diabetes, cancer, and dementia), using various methodologies (e.g., quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews, focus groups, and randomized controlled trials) will be presented. The issues of diversities and disparities will be discussed from the cultural perspectives, as well as implications for future research and practice.

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Anagnostou, Yiorgos. "Model Americans, Quintessential Greeks: Ethnic Success and Assimilation in Diaspora." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 12, no. 3 (December 2003): 279–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.12.3.279.

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Kaftanoglu, Burcu, and Dallen J. Timothy. "Return Travel, Assimilation, and Cultural Maintenance: An Example of Turkish-Americans in Arizona." Tourism Analysis 18, no. 3 (August 9, 2013): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/108354213x13673398610655.

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Park, Kil Jae. "Yellow on White Background: Korean American Youth Ministry and the Challenge of Constructing Korean American Identity." Journal of Youth and Theology 3, no. 2 (February 17, 2004): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055093-90000215.

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Identity-formation for any cultural group living in a second cultural environment is difficult. The impact of such identity-formation on the philosophy and provision of youth ministry is enormous. In this article, Kil Jae Park explores the interaction between youth ministry and the identity-formation of young Korean Americans.

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Kim, Eunja, Douglas A. Kleiber, and Nancy Kropf. "Leisure Activity, Ethnic Preservation, and Cultural Integration of Older Korean Americans." Journal of Gerontological Social Work 36, no. 1-2 (April 23, 2002): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j083v36n01_07.

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Kim, Miyong, Hae-Ra Han, and Linda Phillips. "Metric Equivalence Assessment in Cross-Cultural Research: Using an Example of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale." Journal of Nursing Measurement 11, no. 1 (March 2003): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jnum.11.1.5.52061.

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Metric equivalence is a quantitative way to assess cross-cultural equivalences of translated instruments by examining the patterns of psychometric properties based on cross-cultural data derived from both versions of the instrument. Metric equivalence checks at item and instrument levels can be used as a valuable tool to refine cross-cultural instruments. Korean and English versions of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale (CES–D) were administered to 154 Korean Americans and 151 Anglo Americans to illustrate approaches to assessing their metric equivalence. Inter-item and item-total correlations, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and factor analysis were used for metric equivalence checks. The alpha coefficient for the Korean-American sample was 0.85 and 0.92 for the Anglo American sample. Although all items of the CES–D surpassed the desirable minimum of 0.30 in the Anglo American sample, four items did not meet the standard in the Korean American sample. Differences in average inter-item correlations were also noted between the two groups (0.25 for Korean Americans and 0.37 for Anglo Americans). Factor analysis identified two factors for both groups, and factor loadings showed similar patterns and congruence coefficients. Results of the item analysis procedures suggest the possibility of bias in certain items that may influence the sensitivity of the Korean version of the CES–D. These item biases also provide a possible explanation for the alpha differences. Although factor loadings showed similar patterns for the Korean and English versions of the CES–D, factorial similarity alone is not sufficient for testing the universality of the structure underlying an instrument.

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Bacchus, Nazreen S. "Belonging and boundaries in Little Guyana: Conflict, culture, and identity in Richmond Hill, New York." Ethnicities 20, no. 5 (October 4, 2019): 896–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796819878885.

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Research on the assimilation of contemporary second-generation Americans has shown that ethnic enclaves are saturated with several cultural, religious, and transnational amenities that facilitate the process of immigrant integration in the United States. Missing from this research is a discussion of how middle-class, second-generation Americans use urban enclaves as a means of remaining attached to their ethnic identities. One such group with members who has achieved middle-class status and remained culturally attached to their enclave is Indo-Guyanese Americans of Indian Caribbean descent. This ethnographic study examines the ways in which second-generation Indo-Guyanese Americans use familial, cultural, and religious interactions in Little Guyana to create a sense of belonging and community. As the descendants of re-migrants, their multiethnic identities are complicating their assimilation in American society. Their experiences with racialization and social exclusion from white, South Asian American, and non-co-ethnic circles have pushed them toward developing their multiethnic identity. I use the term ethnic restoration to discuss how second-generation Indo-Guyanese Americans are using transnational ethnic consumption, religious institutions, and co-ethnic interactions to validate their ethnic identities and resist racialization. Their engagement in ethno-religious institutions in Richmond Hill is central to this analysis, as they embrace their Indian Caribbean identities more intensely after experiencing racialization. The findings of this research point to the need to understand why middle-class second-generation Americans are ethnically attached to urban enclaves.

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Mishra, Neha. "Asian Americans: Eurogamy by Asian Women." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (December 2018): 1988–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810740.

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In the diverse American population, racial prejudice still remains a disturbing actuality. With the ever-increasing rate of Asians in the United States having better jobs, better income, and better education, Asian American women have never been at a better bargaining point to move their social standing in the society at a higher rank and aspire toward true assimilation. Intermarriage via selective desired traits that can help the Asian American woman trump their racial limitations, hence disadvantages. Okamoto’s theoretical perspective to develop a boundary approach to the conventional winnowing hypothesis, intermarriage becomes an indicator of integration. Hall’s eurogamy premise posits that most important of such desirable traits of prospective men being Euro-American can help Asian women blur the racial differences, hence bring them to the mainstream. This study suggests that in United States, there exists still substantial homogamy and in the absence of homogamy there is a similar pattern of exogamy, or more specifically eurogamy among Asian American women depicting and showing a clear tendency to marry up. It suggested that eurogamy is likely to continue as a means to marry up. Thus, there will be a continuation of said increase as the population of younger, better educated, independent Asian American women expands, hence resulting in the perfect marital assimilation.

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Lee, Yoon-Ro, and Kyu-Taik Sung. "Cultural Influences on Caregiving Burden: Cases of Koreans and Americans." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 46, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pm2c-v93r-ne8h-jwgv.

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This study compared cultural influences on caregiver burdens of Korean adult children and American adult children caring for parents with dementia, and identified culturally specific values, norms, and customs associated with low or high burden. The findings suggested that the low burden of the Korean caregivers was associated with extended family support and high filial responsibility while that of the American caregivers was related to the use of formal services and high gratification from caregiving. Obversely, the high burden of the Koreans was seen to be associated with limited formal services outside the family and low gratification from caregiving for in-laws while that of the Americans was suggested to be due to limited extended family support and low filial responsibility. Needs for culturally-appropriate interventions are discussed.

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Arias, Elizabeth. "Change in Nuptiality Patterns Among Cuban Americans: Evidence of Cultural and Structural Assimilation?1." International Migration Review 35, no. 2 (February 23, 2006): 525–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2001.tb00028.x.

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Hall, Ronald E. "The Bleaching Syndrome Per Colorism Pathology: LGBTQ Perpetuation of Discrimination." American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 14 (December 2018): 2055–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218810759.

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Domination is the preferred and pathological model of assimilation into Western culture. For lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queers (LGBTQs) in America, the resulting stress can reach devastating levels. In response to such circumstances, the assimilation experience of LGBTQ Americans facilitates their manifestation of the Bleaching Syndrome. As a LGBTQ strategy, the Bleaching Syndrome is characterized by the efforts of a stigmatized out-group to assume the identity of a dominant in-group via anatomical paradigm. In this way, assimilation and a better quality of life is presumed assured. Such a strategy, however, in extreme cases may be fatal. For members of LGBTQ out-groups, identity across the life span is alternative to the pathological anatomical paradigm. In this way, LGBTQ Americans may be identified more by gender as who they are and less by genitalia.

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FONG, TIMOTHY. "Epidemics, racial anxiety and community formation: Chinese Americans in San Francisco." Urban History 30, no. 3 (December 2003): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926804001592.

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Immigration adaptation and race relations in the United States began receiving a great deal of scholarly attention early in the twentieth century, primarily in response to the arrival of large numbers of newcomers from eastern and southern Europe. The pre-eminent theory has been sociologist Robert Park's (1950) ‘race relations’ cycle, which posits that immigrants and racial minorities initially clashed with natives over cultural values and norms, but over time, adapt and are eventually absorbed into the mainstream society. This four-part cycle of contact, competition, accommodation and assimilation, according to Park, is ‘progressive and irreversible’. Unlike European Americans, however, the Chinese American experience in the United States has never been a consistent trajectory toward progressive and irreversible acceptance and assimilation.

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Sun, Xiaofang. "Resuming Gynocratic Principles: Cultural Reterritorialization of Native Traditions in Linda Hogan’s Fiction." English Language and Literature Studies 11, no. 4 (September 27, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v11n4p36.

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Native Americans’ cultural system has been utterly undermined in the early colonial conquest and the later neo-colonial expansion. Cultural annihilation is primarily caused by the forced cultural assimilation, especially by the white government’s practice of eradicating native traditions and beliefs. To rebuild the native culture system, Native American writer Linda Hogan attempts to employ the pre-colonial gynocratic principles in her literary creation, thus reterritorializing their cultural identity among the modern natives. This paper reveals how Hogan effectively resumes the ancient gynocratic principles by portraying a series of typical female images in the woman-centered native community, with an aim to fight against cultural assimilation guided by the white male-dominated western metaphysical epistemology.

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Shin, Cha-Nam, Colleen Keller, and Jeongha Sim. "Cultural Factors relevant to Korean Americans in Health Research: A Systematic Review." Journal of Community Health 43, no. 2 (September 13, 2017): 421–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0418-4.

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Park, Nan Sook, David Chiriboga, and Barbara Yee. "Understanding Mental Health, Vulnerabilities, and Coping in Older Koreans and Older Korean Americans." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2167.

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Abstract Although significant progress has been made in understanding mental health issues, racial/ethnic minorities are disadvantaged in terms of knowledge, attitude/stigma toward mental illness, and access to treatment. Older Koreans and Korean Americans are high-risk groups with great prevalence of stigma and limited access to mental services. The two groups share similarities as well as differences. For example, Older Korean Americans, a first-generation immigrant group, tend to share traditional values and beliefs with older Koreans. However, differences in social and cultural contexts, availability of social networks and resources, and access to health care systems present unique challenges and strategies. The purpose of this symposium is to enhance the understanding of critical issues in mental health among older Koreans and Korean Americans and identify challenges and strategies to promote mental health and well-being. Five studies conducted in Korea and the US will explore a variety of personal, social, and cultural factors related with mental health, based on quantitative and qualitative approaches. The diverse topics cover the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship of stigma to emotional well-being, the effect of stress and coping on well-being, loneliness and negative family interactions, the relationship of life stressors and social capital on mental distress among older Korean Americans compared with other older Asian Americans, and community leaders’ attitude toward depression. The issues of vulnerabilities and resources will be discussed from the cultural perspectives as well as implications for future research and practice.

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Oh, David C. "Mediating the boundaries." International Communication Gazette 74, no. 3 (March 28, 2012): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048511432607.

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This article builds on media use scholarship by focusing on an understudied population, second-generation Korean American adolescents, and their use of transnational media. The primary findings are that second-generation Korean Americans use transnational media as cultural resources through which they construct ‘new ethnicities’ that are situated at the borders of their identities as members of the Korean diaspora whose everyday experiences are rooted in their status as marginalized racialized ethnic minorities in the US. Second-generation Korean Americans build inter-ethnic boundaries to create a unique identity that separates themselves from the controlling gaze of dominant culture and to build intra-ethnic boundaries to differentiate between authentic and inauthentic Korean Americans. To do so, they draw on knowledge of Korean popular culture as it comes to be known through transnational Korean media. Finally, their use of Korean media is also influenced by their local views of gender and, in particular, masculinity.

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Naumann, Laura P., Verónica Benet-Martínez, and Penelope Espinoza. "Correlates of Political Ideology Among U.S.-Born Mexican Americans." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 1 (August 20, 2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550616662124.

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Latino Americans have to navigate involvement and identification with two cultural groups—their ethnic culture and the dominant American culture. Differences in cultural identifications have been found to correlate with political affiliation and attitudes toward acculturation. Using a sample of U.S.-born Mexican Americans, we examined several correlates of political ideology including the strength of identification with both Mexican and Anglo-American cultures, acculturation attitudes, and socioeconomic status (SES). Strength of Mexican identity, stronger integration acculturation attitudes, weaker assimilation attitudes, and lower SES were associated with holding a more liberal political ideology. Furthermore, we found that integration acculturation attitudes mediated and SES moderated the relationship between Mexican identification and political ideology. These findings suggest that political campaigns should be mindful of differences in cultural identifications and acculturation attitudes when addressing their Latino constituents.

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Ahn, Soojin. "1.5 Generations of Korean Americans’ Transnational Identity: Stories from four college students." International Journal of Multicultural Education 22, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v22i1.1961.

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This study explores 1.5-generation Korean Americans’ perception of their identity in the southeastern region of the United States. The study focuses on four college students who immigrated during the middle of their childhood. Data were gathered during a semi-structured interview and were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Informed by a poststructuralist perspective on identity, 1.5-generation immigrants were found to have hybrid ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identities in citizenship status, language choices, and local-base transnational communities. The findings offer implications for educators to understand how immigrant students situate themselves as well as practice literacy differently in specific transnational contexts.

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Jang, Yuri, Eun Young Choi, Min-Kyoung Rhee, Nan Sook Park, David A. Chiriboga, and Miyong T. Kim. "Determinants of Self-rated Cognitive Health among Older Korean Americans." Gerontologist 60, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz134.

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Abstract Background and Objectives In response to the dearth of information on cognitive health in older ethnic minorities, in the present study, we examined factors associated with self-rated cognitive health (SRCH) in older Korean Americans. Drawing from the World Health Organization’s framework of social determinants of health, we examined how a broad spectrum of factors might influence the way in which older Korean Americans perceive and evaluate their own cognitive health. Research Design and Methods Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (SOKA; N = 2,061, mean age = 73.2), a series of hierarchical linear regression models of SRCH was tested with sequential entry of predictors: (1) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of cognitive status, (2) demographic variables, (3) physical and mental health status, (4) health behaviors, and (5) socio-cultural and community factors. Results In addition to cognitive screening outcomes, each set of variables made a significant contribution to the predictive model of SRCH. Positive ratings of cognitive health were observed among older individuals with greater education, good physical and mental health, involvement in regular exercise, and socio-cultural resources (social networks, acculturation, and family solidarity). Discussion and Implications The SRCH of older adults goes beyond cognitive screening outcomes, suggesting a need to incorporate the various sources of social determinants when seeking to promote the cognitive health of older populations.

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Yang, Onjung. "Political Ideology and Cultural Diversity in South Korea: Toward a Theory of Group-differentiated Rights." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 26, no. 2 (February 2, 2019): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02602005.

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Korea has experienced ideological changes in the political sphere since society experienced ethnic diversity in the 1990s. The government urgently introduced new policy agenda ‘Damunhwa’ – multicultural – in the wake of up-surging social problems such as embracing cultural differences and human rights of foreigners as a salient issue following multicultural explosion with a large number of foreigners. As a result, many scholars argue that the Korean state response to cultural diversity has shifted from differential exclusion to assimilation toward immigrants in current society. However, it should be mentioned that it is implausible to link assimilation with a successful political ideology to manage ethnic diversity effectively. In this article, I argue that it is time to present a new political ideology for future directions in order to integrate ethnic minorities into a universally acceptable manner through consideration of the theory of group-differentiated rights in the context of Korean society.

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Shin, Cha-Nam, Colleen Keller, Jeongha Sim, Eun-Ok Im, Michael Belyea, and Barbara Ainsworth. "Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review." Clinical Nursing Research 29, no. 2 (August 6, 2018): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773818793602.

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This systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature that described the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction in Korean Americans. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 and identified 14 eligible research reports. All reviewed studies targeted first-generation Korean American adults. Most of the reviewed studies incorporated components of surface structure, and leveraged deep structure in those interventions. Significant changes in cardiovascular health outcomes were reported in most of the reviewed studies; however, the role of cultural factors in the outcomes was rarely evaluated, and few reported long-term effects. Future research needs to consider long-term effects. Deploying cultural factors and evaluating their contributions to the target outcomes will enhance the research on cardiovascular health disparities.

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Le, Andrew Nova. "Upward or downward? The importance of organizational forms and embedded peer groups for the second generation." Ethnicities 20, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 136–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796818796058.

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Second-generation assimilation outcomes have been hotly debated amongst migration scholars. While there is a general tendency in the literature to emphasize the positive outcomes of ethnic religious organizational participation, this article explores how some youth downwardly assimilate even though they actively take part in such organizations. This project, on the greater Seattle area Vietnamese Buddhist youth organizations, explores how organizations of various forms, and the peer groups formed within these organizations, play a crucial role in mobility outcomes. Based on 53 interviews with second-generation Vietnamese Americans, this study shows how participation in organizations that are based on horizontal peer groups can result in various assimilation outcomes including the creation of oppositional youth cultures, while organizations centered on vertical intergenerational groups can induce normative values. This article suggests migration scholars refocus on studying the processes that lead to different assimilation outcomes.

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Lee, Hye Eun, and Hyunjin Park. "Cross-cultural testing of face threats to predict apology and thanks intentions." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 45, no. 10 (November 7, 2017): 1643–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6468.

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We examined whether Koreans intended to make an apology and North Americans intended to express thanks in a message asking for a favor. Because one reason for apologizing or thanking is to lessen the face threat occurred by favor asking, four face threats were empirically measured to predict participants' intentions. Participants were 104 North American and 90 Korean college students who took the role of an email sender making a favor request and selected from options for apologizing or thanking the receiver to lessen the four types of face threat. Results showed that North Americans intended to express thanks, and both North Americans and Koreans intended to make an apology when asking a favor; further, for Koreans, a speaker's positive face threat triggered intention to make an apology and, for North Americans, a receiver's negative face threat triggered an intention to express thanks. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

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Ritter, Zachary S. "Taboo or Tabula Rasa: Cross-Racial/Cultural Dating Preferences amongst Chinese, Japanese, and Korean International Students in an American University." Journal of International Students 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2015): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i4.404.

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International students bring racial attitudes and group preferences that affect campus climates. Forty-seven Chinese, Japanese, and Korean college international students were interviewed, regarding their perceptions of race/ethnicity and nationality, when it comes to dating and romantic relationships on college campuses. Thirty-five out of forty-seven students interviewed said they would ideally want to date someone from their own cultural background, so that communication gaps would not occur, but when probed beyond language barriers, international students appeared to have a racial hierarchy when it came to dating. Students were not only influenced by parental approval of dating partners, but also US media images that helped create a racial hierarchy of dating and cultural capital. White Americans were the most desirable dating partner for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean international students; Asian-Americans were slightly below white Americans, while African-American, Latino, and Southeast Asian students were the least desirous.

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Jung. "Transnational Migrations and YouTube Sensations: Korean Americans, Popular Music, and Social Media." Ethnomusicology 58, no. 1 (2014): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.58.1.0054.

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Noh, Samuel, and William R. Avison. "Assessing Psychopathology in Korean Immigrants: Some Preliminary Results on the SCL-90." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 9 (November 1992): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700908.

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The goal of this study was to respond to a pressing need for translated versions of existing measurement scales that can reliably and validly rate degree of psychopathology among various groups of Asian immigrants. Specifically, the study investigated the cross-cultural utility of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) by examining scores of community and patient samples of Korean immigrants and comparing them with norms for Americans and for Koreans living in Korea. Several analyses were also performed to establish the cross-cultural utility of the SCL-90. First, the reliability of the Korean version of SCL-90 was compatible with that of the original scale. Second, the scores of patient samples were unequivocally escalated compared with the scores of community samples within each population (Koreans, Korean immigrants and Americans), providing a partial confirmation of the concurrent validity of the SCL-90. Third, the cross-cultural validity of the scale was assessed by examining the scores of the patient samples. As expected, both symptom profiles and symptom levels were virtually invariant in the three patient samples. However, results of the study were clear in demonstrating that the SCL-90 scores of the community sample of Korean immigrants were substantially higher than the community norms of both North American and Korean samples.

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Fleisher, Mark S. "Historical Roots of Chicago’s Contemporary Violence: An Interpretation of Chicago’s Early Sociologists’ Texts on Black Assimilation." Journal of Black Studies 50, no. 8 (November 2019): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934719883358.

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Early 20th-century Chicago witnessed an in-migration of foreign-born immigrants and Black American migrants fleeing slavery. As the Black Americans’ population increased and dispersed across urban neighborhoods, Whites’ anti-Black aggression and violence intensified. This article outlines the mechanisms that account for this discord through an examination of sociological texts. We propose that, first, contemporary racial discord has diachronic origins; second, 21st-century synchronic analysis of racial discord, absent of historical insight, cannot adequately account for a century of racial violence by attributing it to poverty and employment going overseas; and, third, a century of racism cannot be mitigated by replacing personnel in administrative agencies, retraining law enforcement personnel, and tightening police oversight. Mitigation of systemic law enforcement violence toward Black Americans must first recognize the contemporary effects of the history of law enforcement agencies’ institutionalized racism documented by sociologists a century ago. A synchronic account of the origin of that racism lays deeply buried in the intellectual history of early 20th-century social science when decades of social researchers misinterpreted the influence of culture and biology on racial behavior.

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Yamashiro, Jane. "Ethnic Return Migration Policies and Asian American Labor in Japan and Korea." AAPI Nexus Journal: Policy, Practice, and Community 10, no. 1 (2012): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36650/nexus10.1_21-39_yamashiro.

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Asian ethnic return migration policies are having an important impact on the lives of Asian Americans. By making it easier for later generation Asian Americans to work and invest in their ancestral homelands, these policies have affected the scale of Asian American migration and their economic, cultural, and social connections to Asia. However, ethnic return migration policies and their effects are not uniform across all Asian American groups. This paper analyzes how Asian Americans are being affected by ethnic return migration policies through comparative examination of the Immigration Control Act in Japan and the Overseas Korean Act in South Korea. The two policies in Japan and South Korea (hereafter Korea) are similar in their initial targeting of ethnic return migrants and in their privileging of skilled workers and investors in the 2000s to increase each country’s competitiveness in the global economy. However, while Korea’s policy has cast a net to include Korean Americans specifically, Japan’s ethnic return migration policy has not been aimed at Japanese Americans in the same way.

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Song, Kirsten Younghee, and Victoria Velding. "Transnational Masculinity in the Eyes of Local Beholders? Young Americans’ Perception of K-Pop Masculinities." Journal of Men’s Studies 28, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060826519838869.

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The advancement in communication technology has created myriad online media sources through which people from different cultural backgrounds meet more frequently and easily than ever before. In this highly interconnected world, intercultural sensitivity has been the utmost important quality for global citizenship. Empirical literature on how gender norms operate across countries in the realm of a global circulation of media contents is limited. This study examines how young American individuals perceived masculinity embodied through Korean pop male band members’ bodies. Survey data suggest that U.S. cultural norms played a significant role in research participants’ ( N = 772) perception of Korean band members’ masculinity. Respondents perceived them neither highly masculine nor feminine. Such ambiguous gender images are similar to the stereotypes of Asian American males in the United States. Moreover, respondents’ perception of and evaluation of band members’ masculinity largely conform to what the concept of hegemonic masculinity suggests as ideal. Findings imply that participants construct the difference between Korean pop band members’ masculinity and the Western hegemonic masculinity ideal, and subsequently reproduce cultural distance.

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Nee, Victor, and Herbert Y. Wong. "Asian American Socioeconomic Achievement." Sociological Perspectives 28, no. 3 (July 1985): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389149.

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The analysis emphasizes the need to examine structural and cultural factors in the sending and receiving countries over a historical process to understand how immigrants are incorporated in American society. The article argues that Chinese were slower to make the transition from sojourner to immigrant due to structural characteristics of Chinese village society; whereas Japanese immigrants were not tied by strong family bonds to Japan and made a more rapid transition. The differential timing of family formation and family-run businesses in America account for the more rapid assimilation of Japanese Americans. Changing labor markets after World War II provided new opportunity structures favorable to the socioeconomic mobility of native-born Chinese and Japanese Americans.

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Kim, Kwang Chung, and Won Moo Hurh. "Beyond assimilation and pluralism; syncretic sociocultural adaptation of Korean immigrants in the US." Ethnic and Racial Studies 16, no. 4 (October 1993): 696–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1993.9993804.

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Lee, Shin-Young, and Eunice E. Lee. "Cross-cultural Validation of Instruments Measuring Health Beliefs about Colorectal Cancer Screening among Korean Americans." Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 45, no. 1 (2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.1.129.

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Ahn, Annie J., Bryan S. K. Kim, and Yong S. Park. "Asian cultural values gap, cognitive flexibility, coping strategies, and parent-child conflicts among Korean Americans." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 14, no. 4 (October 2008): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.14.4.353.

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Choi, Yoonsun, Tae Yeun Kim, Dina Drankus Pekelnicky, Kihyun Kim, and You Seung Kim. "Impact of youth cultural orientation on perception of family process and development among Korean Americans." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 23, no. 2 (April 2017): 244–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000093.

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Lee, Shin-Young, Eunice E. Lee, and Frances Aranda. "Instrument Adaptation, Modification, and Validation for Cultural Beliefs About Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans." Cancer Nursing 41, no. 3 (2018): E38—E48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000523.

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Ahn, Annie J., Bryan S. K. Kim, and Yong S. Park. "Asian cultural values gap, cognitive flexibility, coping strategies, and parent-child conflicts among Korean Americans." Asian American Journal of Psychology S, no. 1 (August 2009): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1948-1985.s.1.29.

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Concilus, Frank. "Second Generation Korean American Identity Construction: The Influences of Language, Friendship, and Race." International Area Review 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386590500800105.

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Social constructionism assumes that cultural identities are constantly being reinvented and reinterpreted. In this article, the rather extensive research concerning identity construction for second generation Korean Americans is reviewed, and the main findings are illustrated through examples drawn from Korean American literature and second generation Korean American life stories. Special attention is given to the friendship patterns, language usage, and racial experiences of the second generation. In addition, dating patterns are examined and some of the possible reasons for the high rate of exogamous marriage, especially for Korean American women, are explored.

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Li, Jiang, Annette E. Maxwell, Beth A. Glenn, Alison K. Herrmann, L. Cindy Chang, Catherine M. Crespi, and Roshan Bastani. "Healthcare Access and Utilization among Korean Americans: The Mediating Role of English Use and Proficiency." International Journal of Social Science Research 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v4i1.8678.

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The literature suggests that Korean Americans underutilize health services. Cultural factors and language barriers appear to influence this pattern of low utilization but studies on the relationships among length of stay in the US, English use and proficiency, and utilization of health services among Korean Americans have yielded inconsistent results. This study examines whether English language use and proficiency plays a mediating role in the relationships between length of stay in the US and health insurance coverage, access to and use of care. Structural equation modeling was used for mediation analysis with multiple dependent variables among Korean Americans (N= 555) using baseline data from a large trial designed to increase Hepatitis B testing. The results show 36% of the total effect of proportion of lifetime in the US on having health insurance was significantly mediated by English use and proficiency (indirect effect =0.166, SE= 0.07, p<.05; direct effect=0.296, SE= 0.13, p<.05). Proportion of lifetime in the US was not associated with usual source of care and health service utilization. Instead, health care utilization was primarily driven by having health insurance and a usual source of care, further underscoring the importance of these factors. A focus on increasing English use and proficiency and insurance coverage among older, female, less educated Korean Americans has the potential to mitigate health disparities associated with reduced access to health services in this population.

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Lee, Othelia E., and Seungah Ryu. "Effects of Pride and Regret on Geriatric Depression: A Cross-Cultural Study With Mixed-Methods Approaches." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 86, no. 2 (March 8, 2017): 152–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415017697726.

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Pride and regret are self-conscious emotions that develop later in life and become a source of emotional struggle. This cross-cultural study examined the effect of the content and intensity of self-conscious emotions on Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores. Among a convenience sample of 234 older adults (130 in the United States and 104 in South Korea), the contents and intensities of both life regrets and pride were examined. Although a greater variety of regrets was cited by Americans, overall Korean respondents reported higher intensity of regret. Regrets that were related to leisure and addiction among Americans and health and career among Koreans were predictors of the GDS scores. Pride in leisure activities for Americans and altruism among Koreans could alleviate depression. While regrets and pride explained a small amount of the variance in the GDS scores, current life stressors greatly contributed to geriatric depression.

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Kim, Bokyung, Young Shin Sung, and Samuel M. McClure. "The neural basis of cultural differences in delay discounting." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1589 (March 5, 2012): 650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0292.

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People generally prefer to receive rewarding outcomes sooner rather than later. Such preferences result from delay discounting, or the process by which outcomes are devalued for the expected delay until their receipt. We investigated cultural differences in delay discounting by contrasting behaviour and brain activity in separate cohorts of Western (American) and Eastern (Korean) subjects. Consistent with previous reports, we find a dramatic difference in discounting behaviour, with Americans displaying much greater present bias and elevated discount rates. Recent neuroimaging findings suggest that differences in discounting may arise from differential involvement of either brain reward areas or regions in the prefrontal and parietal cortices associated with cognitive control. We find that the ventral striatum is more greatly recruited in Americans relative to Koreans when discounting future rewards, but there is no difference in prefrontal or parietal activity. This suggests that a cultural difference in emotional responsivity underlies the observed behavioural effect. We discuss the implications of this research for strategic interrelations between Easterners and Westerners.

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Su, Dejun, Chad Richardson, and Guang-zhen Wang. "Assessing Cultural Assimilation of Mexican Americans: How Rapidly Do Their Gender-Role Attitudes Converge to the U.S. Mainstream?*." Social Science Quarterly 91, no. 3 (July 15, 2010): 762–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00718.x.

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Shaull, Sandra L., and James H. Gramann. "The Effect of Cultural Assimilation on the Importance of Family-Related and Nature-Related Recreation among Hispanic Americans." Journal of Leisure Research 30, no. 1 (March 1998): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222216.1998.11949818.

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Vasquez, Jessica M. "MEXICAN MIGRATION AND SETTLEMENT." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 7, no. 1 (2010): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x10000226.

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Literature on international migration, assimilation, and transnationalism continues to be concerned with questions about ties that migrants and their descendents have with their homelands, coethnics, and the native-born population. Tomás R. Jiménez's Replenished Ethnicity: Mexican Americans, Immigration, and Identity and Joanna Dreby's Divided by Borders: Mexican Migrants and their Children provide important perspectives on different aspects of the larger phenomenon of international migration from Mexico to the United States that is a consequence of labor demand in the United States, economic need and job scarcity in Mexico, and a global economy. Both books deal with social life that takes place across ethnic boundaries, within ethnic groups, and across national borders. Taking qualitative approaches and dealing with the perennial tension between inclusion and exclusion, these books analyze the experiences and perspectives of Mexican migrants, Mexican children, and Mexican Americans.

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Ellinghaus, Katherine. "Strategies of Elimination: “Exempted” Aborigines, “Competent” Indians, and Twentieth-Century Assimilation Policies in Australia and the United States." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2008): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018229ar.

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Abstract Despite their different politics, populations and histories, there are some striking similarities between the indigenous assimilation policies enacted by the United States and Australia. These parallels reveal much about the harsh practicalities behind the rhetoric of humanitarian uplift, civilization and cultural assimilation that existed in these settler nations. This article compares legislation which provided assimilative pathways to Aborigines and Native Americans whom white officials perceived to be acculturated. Some Aboriginal people were offered certificates of “exemption” which freed them from the legal restrictions on Aboriginal people’s movement, place of abode, ability to purchase alcohol, and other controls. Similarly, Native Americans could be awarded a fee patent which declared them “competent.” This patent discontinued government guardianship over them and allowed them to sell, deed, and pay taxes on their lands. I scrutinize the Board that was sent to Oklahoma to examine the Cheyenne and Arapaho for competency in January and February 1917, and the New South Wales Aborigines’ Welfare Board, which combined the awarding of exemption certificates with their efforts to assimilate Koori people into Australian society in the 1940s and 1950s. These case studies reveal that people of mixed white/indigenous descent were more likely to be declared competent or exempt. Thus, hand in hand with efforts to culturally assimilate Aborigines and Native Americans came attempts to reduce the size of indigenous populations and their landholdings by releasing people of mixed descent from government control, and no longer officially recognizing their indigenous identity.

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ASAI, SUSAN M. "The Cultural Politics ofIsseiIdentity and Music Making in California, 1893–1941." Journal of the Society for American Music 10, no. 3 (August 2016): 304–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196316000225.

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AbstractConsidering the aesthetic and social value of music making amongIssei, first generation Japanese in California, opens a line of inquiry into how this immigrant population negotiated their cultural and political identities in a nation that racially marginalized them. As an integral aspect of Japanese culture, music was a medium through which Issei leaders chose to claim a cultural space in the United States. Their efforts to establish themselves within the social fabric of mainstream American society reveal the social and political forces that prevented their acceptance and assimilation. Issei responded by showcasing traditional Japanese music to educate white Americans about their revered heritage, singing songs for comfort and familiarity, and encouraging their children to perform Western music as an acculturative strategy. Caught between two nations, Issei emerged with alternative identities that ultimately failed due to the racist ideology governing American citizenship.

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Lee, Jooyoung. "Underdevelopment of American Studies in South Korea: Power and Ignorance." Journal of American-East Asian Relations 18, no. 3-4 (2011): 274–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187656111x614274.

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AbstractThis article asks why the disciplines of American Studies and U.S. history are so markedly underdeveloped in South Korea (Republic of Korea) and what this underdevelopment implies about U.S.-South Korean relations. Under Japanese colonial rule, the study of English in Korea was important for studying abroad, but few students studied America itself. Under American occupation and the following military rule in South Korea, American studies were not attractive to nationalist youth even though the English language remained useful. American cultural diplomacy fostered a small group of Americanists, but university enrollments were small. In the 1980s, Americans were blamed for their support of authoritarian rule. Japanese-trained historians saw American history as too short to be significant, and Japanese institutional legacies were an obstacle. Americans have also been too constricted in imagining who Koreans were, where Korean ambitions lay, and how Korean society worked. In a sense, the very differences between the two nations hindered them from realizing what those differences were.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Korean Americans – Cultural assimilation'

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