Journal articles on the topic 'Korean Fable'

Abstract This paper explores the roles of the cognitive mechanisms of conceptual metaphor and performativity in political policy by conducting a case study on the South Korean government’s Sunshine Policy toward North Korea from 1998 to 2008. This study contends that the policy is metaphorically motivated by an Aesop’s fable, The sun and the wind, a narrative whose entailments have significant implications for the policy. It also systematically accounts for the policy’s performative characteristic, focusing on the fact that the policy makers intended to map the causal relationship of the narrative onto a real-world relationship, even though the real-world causal relationship must be based on the unknown result of the policy. Lastly, this paper discusses theoretical implications of the performativity entangled with the conceptual metaphors in the policy; the real-world concept is usually what limits the mapping possibilities, but in this case, the narrative structure of the fable determines the construal.

Abstract Drawing on Yun Ch’iho’s Diary, and outlining some of the ideological and transnational aspects of a Protestant, bourgeois consciousness that emerged in Korea at the turn of the last century, this article presents a critical reassessment of liberalism, Protestant Christianity, and the type of free laborer that bourgeois Protestants like Yun Ch’iho wanted to create. As a pious liberal, Yun Ch’iho led efforts to establish civic and religious organizations that sought to construct a free conscience that would form and maintain public opinion. This was a militant agenda in the sense that, like the evangelical teachers he met in Shanghai and at Emory College, Yun wanted to build public pressure to dismantle the Confucian political order. As a Protestant entrepreneur of free men, Yun sought to “kill the Korean.” This militant, liberal agenda aimed to discipline and embody new desires, especially among youth, to produce the free laborer, and to render the extraction of profit as a form of exchange.

Résumé L'une des plus grandes particularités de l'interprétation simultanée est qu'il se produitsimultanément l'écoute de la langue source par l'interprète et son interprétation en langue cible. Pour mettre au point cette particularité, nous avons enregistré trente exemples d'interprétation simultanée de l'anglais au coréen et les avons analysés. Nous avons appris par cette analyse que les interprètes simultanés de l'anglais au coréen retiennent 61% des mots de la langue source et 40 % du temps total de la séance. Et aussi qu'ils montrent plus de précision au moment où ils ne font que l'écoute, par rapport au moment où ils font l'écoute et l'interprétation à la fois. Si la proportion de discours du conférencier est plus élevée avec moins de pause, la précision de l'interprétation est plus faible. En général, il existe une corrélation négative entre le ratio du temps de simultanéité et la précision de l'interprétation simultanée de l'anglais au coréen. Pourtant, quand la langue source a été interprétée par deux interprètes, l'interprétation de celui qui a augmenté le temps de simultanéité avec une proportion plus élevé de discours était plus précise.

The sacred writings of three religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) are contained in the Hebrew Bible (referred to by Christians as the Old Testament), the Christian Bible (New Testament), and the Qur'an (Koran). These writings encompass events occurring over a period of more than two millennia and taken together represent a broad picture of mideastern peoples, describing their interactions with the sweep of events of that era. The writings include the sacred and profane, prose and poetry, history and myth, legend and fable, love songs and proverbs, parables and revelations. The basic agricultural roots of desert people are infused in the texts. Plants, plant products, and agricultural technology are referred to in hundreds of verses. References to fruits are abundant so that these bibles can be read almost as a pomological text in addition to the religious and sacred meanings that still inspire billions of people.

This paper considers international migration in the context of population ageing. In many Western countries, the search for appropriate responses to manage future population ageing and population decline has directed attention to international migration. It seems reasonable to believe that international migrants, mostly of young working age, can supply population deficits created by low birth rates, protect European society and economy from the economic costs of elderly dependency, and provide a workforce to care for the elderly. Particular prominence has been given to this option through the publicity attendant on a report from the UN Population Division in 2000 on ‘replacement migration’, which has been widely reported and widely misunderstood. Although immigration can prevent population decline, it is already well known that it can only prevent population ageing at unprecedented, unsustainable and increasing levels of inflow, which would generate rapid population growth and eventually displace the original population from its majority position. This paper reviews these arguments in the context of the causes and inevitability of population ageing, with examples mostly based on UK data. It discusses various options available in response to population ageing through workforce, productivity, pensions reform and other means. It concludes that there can be no ‘solution’ to population ageing, which is to a considerable degree unavoidable. However, if the demographic regime of the United Kingdom continues to be relatively benign, future population ageing can be managed with tolerable inconvenience without recourse to increased immigration for ‘demographic’ purposes. At present (2001), net immigration to the United Kingdom is already running at record levels and is now the main engine behind UK population and household growth. By itself, population stabilization, or even mild reduction, is probably to be welcomed in the United Kingdom, although the issue has attracted little attention since the 1970s.

An actinomycete, designated strain T66T and isolated from soybean rhizosphere soil at Gyeonggi Siheung Sorae in the Republic of Korea, has antibiotic activity against a broad range of microbial pathogens. The strain was determined to be closely related to several known species in the genus Streptomyces on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data (97.73–98.07 % similarity). The strain exhibited cell-wall chemotype I and phospholipid type II. The menaquinones present were MK-9 (H6), MK-9 (H8) and MK-10 (H2). Major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, and anteiso-C17 : 0. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain T66T and closely related type strains was determined to be below 40 %. Strain T66T had spiral spore chains and a rugose spore surface that is different from its closest relatives. Comparison of the genotypic and phenotypic features confirmed that strain T66T ( = KEMB 9005-219T = KACC 18226T = NBRC 110902T) should be considered as the type strain of a novel species in the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces fabae sp. nov. is proposed.

ABSTRAKJumlah bystander RJP sebagai penolong pertama korban out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) yang masih rendah menjadi sorotan di berbagai negara. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan RJP di komunitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh media pembelajaran dengan VAF (Video Animasi Fabel) terhadap pengetahuan tentang RJP. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized subject, pretest-posttest control group design pada 120 responden yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok penelitian, yaitu kelompok eksperimen dengan media VAF dan kelompok kontrol dengan media modul yang diambil dengan tiga kali pengukuran. Lokasi penelitian di SDN Kampungdalem 3 dan 4 Kota Kediri. Hasil analisis menunjukkan pada kedua kelompok penelitian memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan (p = 0,000). Perbedaan yang signifikan (p < 0,05) antara kelompok VAF dan modul yaitu pada setelah dan satu minggu setelah pelatihan RJP. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pelatihan RJP dengan menggunakan media VAF lebih efektif daripada modul terhadap pengetahuan tentang RJP pada anak usia SD.Kata Kunci: modul, pelatihan RJP, video animasiABSTRACTThe number of bystander CPR as the first helper of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is still low in various countries. The effort that can be done is by providing CPR training in the community. This study aims to analyze the influence of learning media with fabel animation video (VAF) to knowledge about CPR. This true experimental study with randomized subject, pretest-posttest control group design have been done on 120 respondents divided into 2 groups that is VAF and module with three times measurement in SDN Kampungdalem 3 and 4 Kota Kediri. The result of this study indicate that in both groups has a significant influence on knowledge (p = 0,000). Significant differences between VAF and module are on after and one week after CPR training. This suggest that CPR training using VAF provides more effective than module on CPR knowledge in children.Keywords: animation video, CPR training, module

Abstract Background: Given the increasing incidence of multiple myeloma (MM) in Asian countries, effective treatment options for these patient (pt) populations are needed (Kim et al, Am J Hematol, 2014). The pivotal phase 3 FIRST trial investigated continuous treatment with lenalidomide plus low-dose dexamethasone until disease progression (Rd continuous) in pts with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) who were ineligible for transplant from 18 countries, including China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Treatment with Rd continuous in the FIRST trial improved progression-free survival (PFS; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72; P < .001) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.78; P = .02) compared with melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide (MPT; Benboubker et al, N Engl J Med, 2014). This subanalysis of the FIRST trial examined the efficacy and safety of Rd continuous in the Asian population. Methods: Pts with NDMM aged ≥ 65 years or ineligible for transplant were randomized to 3 treatment arms: Rd continuous, Rd for 18 cycles (Rd18; 72 weeks), or MPT for 12 cycles (72 weeks). The primary endpoint was PFS in pts treated with Rd continuous vs MPT (primary comparators). Secondary endpoints included OS, overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and safety. Data cutoff was May 24, 2013; response and progression were assessed by an independent response adjudication committee. OS was assessed with extended follow-up at a data cutoff of March 3, 2014. Results: Of the 114 pts enrolled in China, South Korea, and Taiwan, the median age (68 yrs [range, 43-86 yrs]) was similar across the Rd continuous (n = 36), Rd18 (n = 38), and MPT (n = 40) arms but was lower than that of the overall study population (73 yrs [range, 40-92 yrs]). Compared with the overall population, pts in Asia also had a higher rate of International Staging System stage III disease (45% in Asia vs 41% overall), a higher rate of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥ 2 (28% in Asia vs 22% overall), and double the rate of severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 mL/min; 18% in Asia vs 9% overall), the latter of which was more frequent in the MPT (23%) and Rd18 (24%) arms vs the Rd continuous (8%) arm. There were more male than female pts (58% vs 42%) in the Asian population, with the exception of the MPT arm (50% each). The median treatment duration was 18.4 mos (range, 0.5-35.9 mos) for Rd continuous, 11.0 mos (range, 0.6-19.6 mos) for Rd18, and 11.1 mos (range, 0.3-19.1 mos) for MPT. Treatment with Rd continuous vs MPT resulted in a 39% reduction in the risk of progression or death (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.33-1.14; Table). Rates of 2-year PFS were nearly doubled with Rd continuous (48%) vs MPT (25%). Rd continuous also resulted in a 48% reduced risk of death vs MPT (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.24-1.13). Rates of 3-year OS were greater with Rd continuous (70%) vs MPT (56%). Similar improvements were observed for PFS and OS with Rd continuous vs Rd18. ORR was greater in the Rd continuous (78%) arm vs the Rd18 (66%) and MPT (58%) arms. Median DOR was not reached for Rd continuous and was 17.2 and 13.8 mos for Rd18 and MPT, respectively. The most frequent grade 3/4 adverse events with Rd continuous, Rd18, and MPT treatment were neutropenia (25%, 34%, 44%), anemia (19%, 5%, 15%), pneumonia (6%, 24%, 15%), and thrombocytopenia (14%, 5%, 5%). Deep vein thrombosis was reported in only 1 pt on the MPT arm, and pulmonary embolism was reported in 1 pt on each treatment arm. There were no reports of second primary malignancies in the Asian population. Conclusions: Rd continuous treatment was associated with numerically larger PFS and OS benefits and higher response rates compared with MPT in the Asian subgroup of the FIRST trial, although pt numbers were small. Results from the Asian subgroup were consistent with that of the global population, with no unexpected safety signals observed, a low rate of thromboembolic events, and no second primary malignancies as of the data cutoff. These findings support the use of Rd continuous as standard treatment for pts with NDMM who are ineligible for stem cell transplant, including in Asian populations. Disclosures Qiu: Celgene Corporation: Speakers Bureau; Johnson & Johnson: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau. Yiu:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Chen:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ervin Haynes:Celgene Corporation: Employment, Equity Ownership. Hulin:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Facon:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millenium: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Onyx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Pierre Fabre: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Didymella fabae Jellis & Punith. Hosts: Broad bean (Vicia faba). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, Tunisia, Asia, China, Hebei, Fujian, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Xizhang, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, Australasia, Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Byelorussia, Czechoslovakia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Scotland, Ukraine, North America, Canada, Nova Scotia, Manitoba, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, South America, Argentina.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Botrytis fabae Sardiña. Hosts: Broad bean (Vicia faba). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Morocco, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Asia, Burma, China, Fuijian, Gansu, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hebei, Heilonghiang, Hunan, Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zheijiang, India, w. Bengal, Sikkim, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Russia, Caucasus, Far East, Transcaucasus, Bashkiria, central and NW European regions, Syria, Turkey, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, South Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain, UK, England, Scotland, Wales, Ukraine, North America, Canada, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, South America, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Uruguay.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) Shröter. Hosts: Broad bean (Vicia faba) and other legumes. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Kenya, Libya, Madeira, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma, China, Zheijiang, Hubei, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Henan, Yunnan, Hong Kong, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Lebanon, Nepal, Pakistan, Ryukyu islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USSR, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, kamtchatka, Kazakhstan, Kirgiztan, Soviet far east, Tomsk, Yemen Arab Republic, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Corsica, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Sardinina, Sicily, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Channel Islands, England, Yugoslavia, North America, Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, USA, Alaska, Central America & West Indies, Guatemala, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela.

Abstract A description is provided for Didymella fabae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Vicia faba (broad bean) (Fabaceae). DISEASE: Leaf, stem and pod spot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (China, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia: New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria; New Zealand); Europe (Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Russia, Ukraine); North America (Canada: Nova Scotia, Manitoba); South America (Argentina) CMI Distribution Map. 513. ed. 2, 1989). Additional areas not mapped are: Africa (Egypt, Tunisia); Australasia & Oceania (Australia: South Australia); Europe (Hungary, Switzerland). TRANSMISSION: Mainly by seed borne conidia and ascospores (61, 4438; Jellis & Punithalingam, 1991; 70, 3631). It has been reported that crop debris can be an important way of carryover in Australia and Iraq (Geard, 1962; 63, 1499). Since disease spread has been noticed for up to 200 m in winter crops (60, 4748), the possibility of conidia being dispersed by wind has been suggested. In Canada A. fabae did not survive over winter in field plots ploughed down the previous year (57, 3703).

Abstract: Questions about the social shaping of technology are explored by comparing direct broadcasting satellite policy in two very different countries. Canada has a vast geography, low population density, extreme ethnic and linguistic diversity, and close proximity and long-time cooperation with its neighbour, the United States. South Korea is centralized around Seoul, has a high population density, is relatively homogenous culturally and ethnically, and has a history of conflict with the country sharing a common border. The specific goals set for satellite broadcasting arising from these differing national contexts are explored. The paper also compares services and audiences in South Korea and Canada, and it asks what these cases can illustrate about the relationship between industry, policy, audiences, and the shaping of a new media technology. Résumé : Nous explorons la formation sociale de nouvelles technologies en comparant les politiques sur les satellites de radiodiffusion directe dans deux pays très différents. Le Canada a une vaste géographie, une population à faible densité et une très grande diversité ethnique et linguistique et il collabore depuis longtemps avec son voisin très proche, les États-Unis. La Corée du Sud, en revanche, est fortement centralisée autour de Séoul, densément peuplée et homogène tant du point de vue culturel qu’ethnique et elle partage une histoire de conflits avec son voisin du nord. Nous explorons les objectifs spécifiques pour les satellites de radiodiffusion directe fixés dans ces contextes nationaux si différents. Nous comparons aussi services et publics en Corée du Sud et au Canada, et nous demandons comment ces cas peuvent illustrer le rapport entre industrie, politique, public et la formation d’une nouvelle technologie de communication.

Abstract A description is provided for Sclerotinia trifoliorum. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Trifolium spp., also Medicago sativa and other herbaceous leguminous forage crops including Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus spp., other Medicago spp., Melilotus spp. and Vicia spp. including V. faba (on this host causing 'Bean rot'; the causal agent of which has often been referred to as S. trifoliorum var. fabae Keay) and V. saliva. Although approximately 100 hosts have been recorded for this pathogen there is often a lack of conclusive evidence that S. trifoliorum and not another Sclerotinia species is to blame. DISEASE: Rot, called variously: Stem rot, Crown rot, Brown patch of lawns, Clover sickness, Clover canker. Symptoms include leaf rot, petiole rot and stem rot. Initial leaf spotting may be followed by these more severe rot symptons. The foliage usually turns grey-green as though scalded, then may wither and the rot may spread. In lucerne the leaves may be totally destroyed by the pathogen, but it takes a long time to reach the root system through the comparatively thick stem. TRANSMISSION: The development of apothecia occurs in the autumn. Ascospores infect the leaves, and rotting of the clover plants sets in the following early spring. The fungus is able to complete its entire life-cycle as a saprophyte. Spread from plant to plant takes place chiefly along affected petioles, but the pathogen may grow about 2 cm over the soil from a nutritional base. The fungus can persist in the crown of the plant throughout the summer until harvest. Sclerotia may germinate to produce apothecia and ascospores which may infect emergent shoots; sclerotial germination is favoured by light, well-aerated soils and a temperature between 10° and 20°C. Mycelium and ascospores remain viable (in a dry state) for seven months, sclerotia buried in the soil survive for more than seven years. In vitro conidia will infect clover plants. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt; Asia: China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea; Australasia & Oceania: Australia (NSW, Viet., Tas., W.A.), New Zealand; Europe: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Eire, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USSR; North America: Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Que, PEI), USA (widespread), Mexico; Central & South America: Chile (see CMI Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases No. 274).