Relevant bibliographies by topics / Korean language – Grammar

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Korean language – Grammar'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Korean language – Grammar"

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Ree, Joe J., and Hansol H. B. Lee. "Korean Grammar." Modern Language Journal 74, no. 4 (1990): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/328560.

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Yoo, Haejun. "Similar Grammar in Korean Language as Pedagogical Grammar." Journal of Language & Literature 85 (March 31, 2021): 425–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15565/jll.2021.03.85.425.

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Yoo, Haejun. "A Study on the Method of Presenting Grammar Items in Korean Language Education." Studies in Modern Grammar 116 (December 24, 2022): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2022.116.171.

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The grammar covered in Korean language education is different from the grammar category covered in Korean language education for native speakers. In this regard, although the subject of education is different, there are two positions that the grammar categories required for education should be set differently because the subject of education is different from the position that the grammar categories taught in schools should be unified equally. Just by looking at the position on Korean grammar, one can see differences in perception of Korean language education for foreigners and Korean language education for native speakers.. In this study, all of these differences cannot be summarized. However, by mentioning these discussions, I think it can be an opportunity to think about setting the category of educational grammar necessary for Korean language education. For this reason, this paper examines the categories and forms of grammar items covered in Korean language education and summarizes the terms used as references.
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Shin, Gi-Hyun. "Interpersonal grammar of Korean." Interpersonal Meaning 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 20–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.17017.shi.

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Abstract This paper provides an account of interpersonal resources in Korean from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics. The focus is upon the paradigmatic interdependency of addressee deference, mood, stance and politeness, and the syntagmatic interaction of their realisations with polarity, modality, vocation and the participant deference in this language. Specifically, this paper puts two arguments forward. One is that the system of formality is fundamental in Korean. The system has two choices: formal and informal. mood and addressee deference belong to formal resources, and involve power-oriented language use. stance and politeness are informal resources, and involve solidarity-oriented language use. The other argument is that realisations of interpersonal resources are scattered across ranks in Korean. The paper advocates SFL’s top-down paradigmatic perspective, which enables us to pull resources together in an account that formalises their interdependency while respecting their divergent realisations.
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Kang, Beom-Mo. "The Grammar and Use of Korean Reflexives." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 17, 2001): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.1.06kan.

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This paper discusses the relationship between grammar as linguistic knowledge, as envisaged in Generative Grammar, and usage, the result of performance. In concrete, I analyze the use of Korean reflexives ‘caki’, ‘casin’, and ‘cakicasin’ by examining the occurrences of these reflexives in a 5-million-word Korean corpus, taken from a 10-million-word Korean corpus which is called “KOREA-1 Corpus”, compiled at Korea University (H. Kim and B. Kang 1996). This corpus is composed of various genres of Korean texts including 10% of spoken material. From the KWIC concordances of accusative forms of these reflexives, ‘cakilul, casin-ul, cakicasin-ul’, I examined whether a reflexive has a local antecedent or a long-distance antecedent. The result is that ‘caki’ is almost even in having local and long-distance antecedents, but ‘casin’ has more and ‘cakicasin’ has much more local antecedents. I also examined the thematic roles of the local antecedents of reflexives, which shows that ‘casin’ has relatively more Experiencer antecedents than ‘caki’ has, although in both cases Agent antecedents dominate. The outcome of this frequency analysis suggests that a tendency (probably not yet grammaticalized), or degree of “naturalness” is real and can be captured in the usage data provided that we have a sizable amount of material which can be handled in an efficient way as provided by the corpus linguistic method of the present day. At the least, the result of such an investigation can provide a solid base from which further theorizing may proceed.
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김의수. "Analytic Grammar and Korean Language Education." 한국어문교육 ll, no. 24 (February 2018): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24008/klle.2018..24.005.

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Schachter, Jacquelyn. "On the issue of completeness in second language acquisition." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 6, no. 2 (December 1990): 93–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839000600201.

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The issue of completeness in adult second language acquisition is critical in the development of a theory of second language acquisition. Assuming the Chomskyan definition of core grammar as being those aspects of the language determined by the interaction of the innately specified Universal Grammar and the input to which the learner is exposed, we need to ask if it is possible for an adult learner of a second language to attain native-speaker competence in the core aspects of the grammar of the second language. This paper examines evidence for presence or absence of one principle of UG, Subjacency, in the grammars of groups of proficient nonnative speakers of English. There are three groups whose native languages - Korean, Chinese, Indonesian - differ from English with regard to Subjacency, Korean showing no evidence of it, Chinese and Indonesian showing partial evidence of it. There is one group whose native language, Dutch, shows the full range of Subjacency effects that English does. If all groups show the same Subjacency effects in English that native speakers do, then it must be the case UG is still available for adult second language learning and completeness in second language grammars is possible; if not, then completeness cannot be included as a possible characteristic of adult second language acquisition. Proficient nonnative university students with the above native languages were given grammaticality judgement tests on a set of sentences containing a variety of structures (islands) and Subjacency violations involving those structures. Analysis showed that though all groups were able to correctly judge grammatical sentences (containing islands) as grammatical, only the Dutch group was able to correctly judge ungrammatical sentences (containing Subjacency violations) as ungrammatical; the Korean subjects performed randomly on this task. This native language effect was shown not to be due to attribute variables, such as age of first exposure to English, number of months in an English-speaking country, number of years of English study, etc. The results support the conclusion that completeness is not a possible property of adult-acquired grammars since adults no longer have access to UG for the second language learning process.
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Han, Chung-hye, Julien Musolino, and Jeffrey Lidz. "Endogenous sources of variation in language acquisition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 4 (January 11, 2016): 942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517094113.

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A fundamental question in the study of human language acquisition centers around apportioning explanatory force between the experience of the learner and the core knowledge that allows learners to represent that experience. We provide a previously unidentified kind of data identifying children’s contribution to language acquisition. We identify one aspect of grammar that varies unpredictably across a population of speakers of what is ostensibly a single language. We further demonstrate that the grammatical knowledge of parents and their children is independent. The combination of unpredictable variation and parent–child independence suggests that the relevant structural feature is supplied by each learner independent of experience with the language. This structural feature is abstract because it controls variation in more than one construction. The particular case we examine is the position of the verb in the clause structure of Korean. Because Korean is a head-final language, evidence for the syntactic position of the verb is both rare and indirect. We show that (i) Korean speakers exhibit substantial variability regarding this aspect of the grammar, (ii) this variability is attested between speakers but not within a speaker, (iii) this variability controls interpretation in two surface constructions, and (iv) it is independent in parents and children. According to our findings, when the exposure language is compatible with multiple grammars, learners acquire a single systematic grammar. Our observation that children and their parents vary independently suggests that the choice of grammar is driven in part by a process operating internal to individual learners.
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Mukaromah, Dyah. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN KOREAN AND JAVANESE QUANTIFIER AND THE APPLICATION IN SENTENCES." International Journal of Business, Humanities, Education and Social Sciences (IJBHES) 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46923/ijbhes.v1i1.18.

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Abstract— A language without grammar is a body without soul. Grammar truly holds an essential part in a language. In grammar, there is one important part which is said to be quantifier. Quantifier is specific words used to count numbers of an object. Such as found in the phrases, two pages letter, three bars of chocolate, etc. Quantifier is widely used in plenty languages, yet not all languages. There are several languages which do not recognise the system of counting object using quantifier. Those languages only use substitute words having the same function as quantifier. This paper explain a comparative study between language which use quantifier (in this case Korean) and language which do not use quantifier (Javanese), yet use substitute words instead. The differences then compared in the view of how it is applied in the sentences in each language.
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Smith, John, and Samuel E. Martin. "A Reference Grammar of Korean." Language 70, no. 1 (March 1994): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416778.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Korean language – Grammar"

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Lee, Seonmi. "Definiteness in Korean." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063199.

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This study presents a pragmatic approach to the analysis of definiteness. The expression of definiteness in Korean is analyzed as controlled by the pragmatic motivation to differentiate nouns with respect to their topical relevance and importance.The primary claim of this study is that grammar utilizes formal marking systems not only for making semantic contrasts but also for producing pragmatic distinctions. As an illustration of this claim, the marking vs. lack of marking that determine pragmatic status in Korean is examined, and it is argued that the lack of marking indicates the relative lack of special significance of a given referent as a specific individual, while overt marking indicates the relatively higher significance of an intended referent as a specific individual.Definiteness is shown to be non-distinctive and non-categorical in nature, with five expressions of definiteness coding six degrees of definiteness in a definiteness continuum. This is illustrated in the following diagram:Definiteness ContinuumBare NP ---- com ---- etten ---- han ---- ku ---- Bare NPleastmostThe bare NP to the left comprises nonunique common nouns and the one to the right unique common nouns and proper nouns. In each case, the bare form is viewed as representing the referent in its most general use.It is also shown that definiteness and indefiniteness can coincide in the sense that semantically indefinite NPs can be marked formally as definite in certain contexts. This is explained motivated by the pragmatic need for upgrading the degree of definiteness in order to present it as a more prominent or salient entity. With cases in which both semantically definite referents and semantically indefinite referents are formally presented in the same bare NP form as crucial evidence, it is suggested that the realization and expression of definiteness is motivated only when pragmatic significance requires such a distinction. The study concludes that marking and lack of marking of definiteness in Korean does in fact signal the relative pragmatic importance of the referent in the development of the discourse.
Department of English
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Kim, Tai-Soo. "Functional features in Korean : a minimalist approach /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8422.

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Jeong, Yongkil. "Clausal case marking in Korean /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8437.

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Park, Tae-kyung 1957. "A comparative study of Japanese and Korean anaphora." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276612.

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This thesis shows the different features of Korean reflexives compared to Japanese reflexives. In Chapter 1, the differences of Japanese and Korean reflexives are discussed morphologically and syntactically. The general referential relationship of Japanese and Korean reflexives is discussed. In Chapter 2, empathy expressions of the Japanese reflexive zibun and Korean reflexive caki is discussed. In Chapter 3, the semantic interpretation of the plural form of Japanese and Korean reflexive, zibun-tati and caki-tul, is discussed. In Chapter 4, a brief conclusion is presented. Further work on Korean reflexives is necessary to account for Korean anaphora.
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Riley, Barbara E. "Aspects of the genetic relationship of the Korean and Japanese languages." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3070.

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I offer evidence from a variety of fields in order to strengthen the hypothesis that Japonic and Korean are linguistically genetically related to one another. Non-linguistic evidence supports the hypothesis that the Japonic language was introduced into the Japanese Archipelago approximately 2,500 years ago over a thousand year period, where a culturally and technologically advanced group began migrating into the Japanese Archipelago from the Korean Peninsula through Northern Kyushu. A constant and steady influx of Continental culture, language, and people, resulted in the near-complete extinction of the original language. The linguistic evidence comes from Middle Korean texts, written in the Silla-descended language of the 15th century-the kingdom that overwhelmed the Puyo, Koguryo, and Paekche territory and languages, thought to be more closely related to Japonic-and 8th century Old Japanese texts. I hypothesize that there were two "thalossocracies": one with lzumo and Silla, and the second with Yamato and Paekche/Kaya Japonic elements were incorporated into the Silla language when Silla folded Kaya and Paekche into the new kingdom. In the same way, Yamato incorporated Silla-type elements into itself when Yamato overtook Izumo. I introduce evidence that supports Serafim's Labiovelar hypothesis; i.e. MK k : OJ p, reconstructing PKJ *kw1. I also found a "reverse" correspondence set: that is, MKp : OJ k, for which I reconstruct *kw2. I hypothesize that this reverse correspondence is due to dialect borrowing. When Silla conquered the Korean Peninsula, it incorporated into itself Kaya, Paekche, and Koguryo, which were closer in genetic relationship to Japonic, and therefore would have (*kw > ) p. As these three languages were overcome, dialect borrowing likely occurred, which means that words with p instead of (*kw > ) k were borrowed into Silla, sometimes replacing and sometimes forming doublets with words retaining k. The second posited case of dialect borrowing occurred when Yamato overtook lzumo; since Silla had close contact with lzumo, words with (*kw > ) k were borrowed into Yamato, replacing, and sometimes forming doublets with, some words with p. Further research will surely lead to more understanding of the measurable effects of dialect borrowing and Proto-Koreo-Japonic.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-243).
Electronic reproduction.
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
vii, 246 leaves, bound 29 cm
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Sien, Nam-Cheol. "An autosegmental analysis of ideophones in Korean /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8371.

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Wang, Ilaine. "Syntactic Similarity Measures in Annotated Corpora for Language Learning : application to Korean Grammar." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100092/document.

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L'exploration de corpus à travers des requêtes fait aujourd'hui partie de la routine de nombreux chercheurs adoptant une approche empirique de la langue, mais aussi de non-spécialistes qui utilisent des moteurs de recherche ou des concordanciers dans le cadre de l'apprentissage d'une langue. Si les requêtes ainsi basées sur des mots-clés sont communes, les non-spécialistes semblent encore peu enclins à explorer des constructions syntaxiques. En effet, les requêtes syntaxiques requièrent souvent des connaissances spécifiques comme la maîtrise des expressions régulières, le langage de requête de l'outil utilisé, ou même simplement le jeu d'étiquettes morpho-syntaxiques du corpus étudié.Pour permettre aux apprenants de langue de se concentrer sur l'analyse des données langagières plutôt que sur la formulation de requêtes, nous proposons une méthodologie incluant un analyseur syntaxique et utilisant des mesures de similarité classiques pour comparer des séquences d'étiquettes syntaxiques ainsi obtenues de manière automatique
Using queries to explore corpora is today part of the routine of not only researchers of various fields with an empirical approach to discourse, but also of non-specialists who use search engines or concordancers for language learning purposes. If keyword-based queries are quite common, non-specialists still seem to be less likely to explore syntactic constructions. Indeed, syntax-based queries usually require the use of regular expressions with grammatical words combined with morphosyntactic tags, which imply that users master both the query language of the tool and the tagset of the annotated corpus. However, non-specialists like language learners might want to focus on the output rather than spend time and efforts on mastering a query language.To address this shortcoming, we propose a methodology including a syntactic parser and using common similarity measures to compare sequences of morphosyntactic tags automatically provided
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Lim, Jayeon. "The developmental process of English simple past and present perfect by adult Korean learners /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3080591.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-186). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kim, Mira. "A discourse based study on Theme in Korean and textual meaning in translation." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/13281.

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Thesis by publication.
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Department of Linguistics.
Includes bibliographical references.
Introduction -- Translation error analysis: a systemic functional grammar approach -- Systemic functional approach to the issues of Korean theme study -- A corpus based study on the system of THEME in Korean -- Using systemic functional text analysis for translator education: an illustration with a foucus on the textual meaning -- Readability analysis of community translation: a systemic functional approach -- Conclusion.
Most linguistic communities have textual resources for organizing experiences into coherent text. The way that the resources are used may not be the same but vary from one language to another. This variation can be a source of translation difficulty in rendering a natural-reading translation. This thesis investigates the question of how the choices of Theme, which is one of the main textual resources, have an impact on textual meaning in translation between English and Korean. -- The premise underlying the study is that a translation that is not inaccurate in lexical choices may still read as unnatural to the target readers if a careful consideration is not given to Theme choices at the clause level and Thematic development at the text level in the source and target texts. This assumption is derived from systemic functional linguistic (SFL) theory, which postulates that Theme at the clause level plays a critical role in constructing a text into a coherent linear whole at the text level. This brings in another equally important question of the study: how Theme works in Korean. No research has been done to investigate the system of THEME in Korean from a systemic functional point of view or on the basis of extensive discourse analysis across a range of registers. Therefore, this study investigates the THEME system in Korean using a corpus consisting of a number of authentic Korean texts in three different text types. -- These two coherent questions are investigated in five self-contained journal articles included in the thesis. Two of them have been published (Chapters 2 and 5), one has been submitted for publication (Chapter 6) and the other two will be submitted (Chapters 3 and 4). The journal article format for thesis has recently been introduced at Macquarie University as an approved alternative to the traditional thesis structure.
Chapter 1 introduces a number of preliminary issues for, and information relevant to, the study such as research questions and background, the corpus, the underlying theoretical assumption and anticipated contributions to this area of research. Chapter 2 is a report of a pilot-project that motivated the current study. It discusses how to use text analysis based on systemic functional grammar to analyze translation errors/issues and provides systematic explanations relating to such issues. Chapter 3 reviews issues that have been raised by Korean linguists in relation to the study of Theme in Korean and provides suggestions on how to resolve these issues drawing on systemic functional theory. Chapter 4 describes the features of Korean THEME system based on the analysis of clausal Themes and thematic development of 17 texts of the corpus. Chapter 5 is a discussion about the pedagogical efficiency of using systemic functional text analysis for translator education with a particular emphasis on the textual meaning in translation. Chapter 6 attempts to analyze the readability issue of community translations in Australian context. Chapter 7 concludes the thesis with a number of suggestions for further study. --As the research investigates the question of textual meaning in translation, which has not been rigorously studied, and the question of Theme in Korean, which has never been studied on the basis of a corpus and of discourse analysis, it is anticipated that this work will make considerable theoretical and practical contributions in both fields.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xiv, 329 leaves ill. (some col.)
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Yom, Haeng-Il. "Topic-comment structure : a contrastive study of simultanious interpretation from Korean into English /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1993. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/1154711x.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993.
Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Clifford Hill. Dissertation Committee: Jo Anne Kleifgen. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-157).
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Books on the topic "Korean language – Grammar"

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University of London. School of Oriental and African Studies., ed. Korean grammar. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Lee, Hansol H. B. Korean grammar. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

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Sunoo, Harold Hakwon. A Korean grammar. Sŏul Tʻŭkpyŏlsi: Tʻap Chʻulpʻansa, 1986.

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Korea Education Resources Department. Korean language. Seoul, Korea: Korea Education Department, 2001.

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Korea Education Resources Department. Korean language. Seoul, Korea: Korea Education Department, 2002.

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Korean language. Seoul, Korea: Korea Education Department, 2002.

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Korea Education Resources Department. Korean language. Seoul, Korea: Korea Education Department, 2002.

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Korea Education Resources Department. Korean language. Seoul, Korea: Korea Education Department, 2002.

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Korean. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 1996.

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Sohn, Ho-min. Korean. London: Routledge, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Korean language – Grammar"

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Pae, Soyeong. "11. Korean Language Assessment, Remediation and Screening Procedure." In Profiling Grammar, edited by Paul Fletcher, Martin J. Ball, and David Crystal, 216–35. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783094875-013.

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Strauss, Susan, and Jongoh Eun. "The Intersection of Discourse, Grammar, Register, Pragmatics, and Culture1." In The Routledge Handbook of Korean as a Second Language, 298–318. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034704-19.

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Lee, Hyo Sang. "Usage-Based Approach to Grammar in Korean Language Teaching and Learning." In The Routledge Handbook of Korean as a Second Language, 386–413. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034704-23.

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Krzosek, Jakub. "Semantic Compositionality of Compounds in the Cognitive and Construction Grammar Frameworks: A Comparative Study of Korean and Polish Compounds." In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 293–311. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42734-4_18.

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Noh, Tae-Gil, Yong-Jin Han, Seong-Bae Park, and Se-Young Park. "Processing of Korean Natural Language Queries Using Local Grammars." In Computer Processing of Oriental Languages. Language Technology for the Knowledge-based Economy, 34–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00831-3_4.

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"Sentences and their structure: grammar." In The Korean Language, 114–58. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203390825-15.

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Kim, Kwang-sup. "The copula as a nominative Case marker." In The Grammar of Copulas Across Languages, 69–89. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829850.003.0004.

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In Korean the morpheme /-I/ has conventionally been taken to be a copula, since it functions as a host for tense affixes when the predicate is a nominal. This chapter, however, argues that it is a nominative Case marker on the basis of morpho-phonological and syntactic evidence. First of all, /-I/ and the nominative Case marker are phonologically identical; second, they are in complementary distribution, and third, they are subject to the same distributional restrictions. On these grounds this chapter claims that the constituent that has been assumed to be a copula is an allomorph of the nominative Case marker. There are some apparent counterexamples to this claim, but this chapter shows that they turn out to be not genuine counterexamples.
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Zhe, Li, Cheng Meng, Maesako Takanori, and Li Juan. "Construction and Application of Korean-English-Japanese Multilingual Teaching Aid System Based on Knowledge Map." In Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education, 543–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3690-5.ch028.

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This article describes the design and application of a computer-based system for simultaneously teaching Korean, English and Japanese languages in a classroom setting using knowledge visualization techniques to show the relationships between vocabularies, grammars and meanings. The system consists of a knowledge database of Korean, English, and Japanese which is then uploaded into the teaching module. Visualizations of this information in the form of knowledge maps based upon generally accepted rules of knowledge map can then be displayed and contrasted using the system interface to enter user queries. The system is then tested in a blended classroom of native Korean speakers. Data on student learning experiences are then gathered by means of a questionnaire and analyzed in order to assess the overall success of knowledge acquisition in this setting. Our findings show that this system evokes a personal initiative in the learning process, facilitates communication between teachers and learners, and supports the rapid acquisition of multilingual knowledge.
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Goldsmith, Jack, and Tim Wu. "Why Geography Matters." In Who Controls the Internet? Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.003.0009.

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A visitor to the dell.com web page finds a message prominently displayed in the upper left-hand corner: “Choose a Country/Region.” The cisco.com page likewise asks users to “Select a Location.” Yahoo’s web page has a “Yahoo International” link that connects to a global map with over twenty-five hyperlinks to specialized web pages tied to particular countries (like Denmark, Korea, and Argentina) and regions (like Asia). Everywhere on the web, sites ask viewers to identify their geographical location. Geographical links are puzzling for those who think of the Net as a borderless medium that renders place irrelevant. But the puzzle disappears when we see that, globalization and the supposed death of distance notwithstanding, national borders reflect real and important differences among peoples in different places. As this chapter shows, geographical borders first emerged on the Internet not as a result of fiats by national governments, but rather organically, from below, because Internet users around the globe demanded different Internet experiences that corresponded to geography. Later chapters will show how governments strengthened borders on the Net by employing powerful “top-down” techniques to control unwanted Internet communications from abroad. But in order to understand fully why the Internet is becoming bordered, we must first understand the many ways that private actors are shaping the Internet to accommodate differences among nations and regions, and why the Internet is a more effective and useful communication tool as a result. The most immediate and important difference reflected by borders is language. People in Brazil, Korea, and France don’t want English language versions of Microsoft products. They want a version they can read and understand. Microsoft learned this lesson when it tried to distribute an English version of Windows operating system in tiny Iceland. Redmond executives thought the market of 500,000 worldwide Icelandic speakers did not justify translation costs and figured the English version would suffice because most Icelanders spoke English as a second language. But Icelanders felt that Microsoft’s plan would imperil their language, which has retained basically the same grammar, spelling, and vocabulary for more than a thousand years.
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Conference papers on the topic "Korean language – Grammar"

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SANGHEUM, Yeon. "UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-28.

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Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages ​​are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages ​​on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
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