Academic literature on the topic 'Korean language – Suffixes and prefixes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Korean language – Suffixes and prefixes"
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Harvey, Mark, Ian Green, and Rachel Nordlinger. "From prefixes to suffixes." Diachronica 23, no. 2 (2006): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.23.2.04har.
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This article provides a counterexample to the commonly held, if unexamined, proposition that morphemes reconstructed as affixes do not change their position with respect to the root. We do not expect to find that a proto-prefix has suffix reflexes, nor that a proto-suffix has prefix reflexes. In this paper we show, through detailed reconstruction, that paradigms of class/case suffixes in a number of Northern Australian languages derive historically from a paradigm of proto-prefixes, through the encliticization and reduction of prefixed demonstratives to nominals. This process has only left a few traces of the demonstrative stems in the synchronic forms.
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Berg, Thomas. "Locating affixes on the lexicon-grammar continuum." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 150–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.2.1.08ber.
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This study seeks to determine the relative position of derivational affixes on the lexicon-grammar continuum in English. Its major claim is that the set of prefixes is rather more lexical and the set of suffixes rather more grammatical in nature. This hypothesis is supported by a battery of ten tests (nine linguistic and one psycholinguistic). All tests converge to the point where we can raise the possibility of a unified explanation. A theoretical account is offered which is grounded in both language structure and processing. It is erected on a temporal asymmetry between prefixes and suffixes and a logical (relational) asymmetry between stems and affixes. In conjunction with the immediacy-of-processing assumption, these asymmetries lead to a temporal precedence of (more) lexical over (more) grammatical material, hence the higher lexicalness of prefixes and the higher grammaticalness of suffixes. An extended focus on inflectional morphology locates inflectional suffixes at the grammatical end of the spectrum. Inflectional prefixes in languages other than English may find a place either between derivational prefixes and derivational suffixes or between derivational and inflectional suffixes.
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Ramscar, Michael. "Suffixing, prefixing, and the functional order of regularities in meaningful strings." Psihologija 46, no. 4 (2013): 377–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1304377r.
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The world?s languages tend to exhibit a suffixing preference, adding inflections to the ends of words, rather than the beginning of them. Previous works has suggested that this apparently universal preference arises out of the constraints imposed by general purpose learning mechanisms in the brain, and specifically, the kinds of information structures that facilitate discrimination learning (St Clair, Monaghan, & Ramscar, 2009). Here I show that learning theory predicts that prefixes and suffixes will tend to promote different kinds of learning: prefixes will facilitate the learning of the probabilities that any following elements in a sequence will follow a label, whereas suffixing will promote the abstraction of common dimensions from a set of preceding elements. The results of the artificial language learning experiment support this analysis: When words are learned with consistent prefixes, participants learned the relationship between the prefixes and the noun labels, and the relationship between the noun labels and the objects associated with them, better than when words were learned with consistent suffixes. When words were learned with consistent suffixes, participants treated similarly suffixed nouns as being more similar than nouns learned with consistent prefixes. It appears that while prefixes tend to make items more predictable and to make veridical discriminations easier, suffixes tended to make items cohere more, increasing the similarities between them.
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Idawati, Idawati, Ahmad Tolla, Kamaruddin Kamaruddin, and Ramly Ramly. "Morphosyntax of Tae’ Language (Morfosintaksis Bahasa Tae’)." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 3 (2016): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0703.08.
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This research aims to convey themorphosyntax in Tae’ language.Thisis descriptive qualitativeresearchsupported by library and field method. The library and field research method aims to find the detail and complete data. Moreover, the researchanalyzes words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Tae’ languageas primary data.The results show that there are some features that mark morphosyntax in Tae’ language. They are reduplication process, derivational affixation, and sentence structures that describe the word orders of Tae’ language. Reduplications of Tae’ language are containing of full and partial reduplication. Whereas, thederivational affixations of Tae’ language are containing of prefixes and suffixes. The form of prefixes is ma-, ku-, na- di-, and si-. And, the form of suffixes is –i, - ko, and –mu. Those affixes are derived from derivation process namely the basic construction or sentence structures.
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Baumbach, E. J. M. "Pre-Tsonga noun class prefixes and verb suffixes." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 3 (1985): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586594.
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Carden, Julia R., Juan P. Barreyro, Juan Segui, and Virginia Jaichenco. "The fundamental role of position in affix identity." Mental Lexicon 14, no. 3 (2019): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.19009.car.
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Abstract Previous research suggests that while free morpheme identification during visual word recognition is position-independent, suffixes are activated only when they occur after the stem. Surprisingly, prefix position coding has not yet been assessed. This point is important given that some experimental studies demonstrated clear processing differences between prefixes and suffixes. In this study we examined whether Spanish suffixes and prefixes are recognized independently of their position by adapting the Crepaldi, Rastle, and Davis’s (2010) experimental paradigm. We observed that morphologically structured nonwords in which the affix occurs in its typical position (e.g., curiosura, disgrave) are rejected more slowly and less accurately than their matched orthographic controls (e.g., curiosula, dusgrave). Crucially, such morpheme interference effect is completely absent when the morphemes are inverted (i.e., uracurios and gravedis are rejected as easily as ulacurios and gravedus). Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that all affix processing is sensitive to position.
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PYE, CLIFTON, and BARBARA PFEILER. "The Comparative Method of language acquisition research: a Mayan case study." Journal of Child Language 41, no. 2 (2013): 382–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000912000748.
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ABSTRACTThis article demonstrates how the Comparative Method can be applied to cross-linguistic research on language acquisition. The Comparative Method provides a systematic procedure for organizing and interpreting acquisition data from different languages. The Comparative Method controls for cross-linguistic differences at all levels of the grammar and is especially useful in drawing attention to variation in contexts of use across languages. This article uses the Comparative Method to analyze the acquisition of verb suffixes in two Mayan languages: K'iche' and Yucatec. Mayan status suffixes simultaneously mark distinctions in verb transitivity, verb class, mood, and clause position. Two-year-old children acquiring K'iche' and Yucatec Maya accurately produce the status suffixes on verbs, in marked distinction to the verbal prefixes for aspect and agreement. We find evidence that the contexts of use for the suffixes differentially promote the children's production of cognate status suffixes in K'iche' and Yucatec.
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Hasan Alizadeh, Morteza, and Seyyed Amin Seyyedi. "AUTO STEMMING OF AZERBAIJANI LANGUAGE." Problems of Information Technology 10, no. 1 (2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25045/jpit.v10.i1.06.
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One of important features in natural language processing is to find the root of a word. Stemming means to remove prefixes, suffixes, and infixes for finding the root of the word. Its aims are about to information retrieval, exploring text, machine for translation, and word look up based on its root. Stemming increases document retrieval by 10-50% in most of international languages, it also compresses the size of web-based table indexes documents up to 50%. In this paper, by analyzing stemming approaches, using structural methods, and deterministic finite automaton machine, applying 274 existing prefixes in language (linkage), a stemming system for Azerbaijani language is generated. Experimental result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm performs more than 97% accuracy.
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Marcos Miguel, Nausica. "Analyzing morphology-related strategies in Spanish L2 lexical inferencing: how do suffixes matter?" International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 58, no. 3 (2020): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iral-2016-0091.
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AbstractIntraword awareness, i. e., of affixes and stems, helps L2 learners in inferring the meaning of unknown words. Learners draw inferences relying on suffixes, prefixes and stems since each element can independently contribute to comprehension. This study analyzes morphology-related strategies in inferencing and focuses on the contribution of suffixes for adult L1 English-speaking learners of Spanish. Differences among suffixes (i. e., transparency, biuniqueness, explicitness of instruction, and cognateness) are taken into account. In a cross-sectional design with learners (n=209) of different proficiency levels (from 2 to 7 semesters of university study), intraword awareness was analyzed by means of two metalinguistic tasks. Participants of all proficiency levels relied on morphology-related strategies, with an increase of proficiency accompanied by an increase in strategy use. As for suffixes, instruction and cognateness mattered more than frequency in guiding students to successful inferencing. Nevertheless, knowledge of suffixes was still limited for the most advanced learners.
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Yurtbaşı, Metin. "Building English vocabulary through roots, prefixes and suffixes." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 5, no. 1 (2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v5i0.39.
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Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is the sum of the basic elements of four skills, namely, reading, writing, speaking and listening effectively. The knowledge of vocabulary words in lexico-semantics, on the other hand, is essential in every grade level, subject area and assessment for every student. In order to improve students’ efficiency in the realm of learning and utilizing them in appropriate instances, we must give them means to decode unfamiliar words through such elements called “affixes” and “roots”. Based on theories of Constructivism and Bloom's Taxonomy, and in the context of teaching all components of a language and arts curriculum, teaching such common roots and affixes is an effective strategy that would secure them a rich vocabulary. This presentation will call attention to an alternative dimension to traditional vocabulary teaching based on giving definitions of words or eliciting or deducing meaning from context. According to this methodology, first an awareness is given to students that the English words are essentially borrowings from other languages mostly with Latin or Greek origins (roots) formed by additions to them by parts (affixes) attached to their front and end. So by guessing the meaning of unknown words by such elements, learners are assumed to grasp the idea of the whole word. This presentation will serve as an introduction to the issue of the nature and functions of word etymology with semantics and lexico-semantics in learning English vocabulary items both for learners and teachers alike. Keywords: semantics, lexico-semantics, affix, prefix, suffix, root.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Korean language – Suffixes and prefixes"
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Tchizmarova, Ivelina. "Verbal prefixes in Bulgarian and their correspondences in American English : a cognitive linguistic analysis." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1317920.
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Phillips, Vivianne. "Up-rooting the prefix maha- in Malagasy." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26752.
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This thesis explains why the prefix maha- in Malagasy (a Western Austronesian language) can have either an abilitive or causative meaning. It is not the case that there is a causative maha- prefix and an abilitive maha- prefix. There is, in fact, only one prefix which is both causative and abilitive. The apparent difference in meaning arises because of a difference in the emphasis placed on what I shall suggest are the two components of this prefix: stativity and causation. Whether maha- receives an abilitive or a causative reading depends on whether it attaches to what I term an "eventive" root or a "non-eventive" root. In the former case, it receives an abilitive reading, in the latter case, a causative reading.
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Cheng, Yonghong. "English non-plural nouns in -s : a survey and corpus-based study." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1395455.
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The English suffix -s is usually used to mark third person singular present tense, noun plurals, possessives, and in some adverbs, but it is also used in words like news, linguistics, measles, billiards, belongings, riches, oats, shivers, scissors, etc. In the literature so far, words like these have been studied mainly from the diachronic perspective, according to their morphological features and within the realm of count and mass nouns, and the suffix -s has been called a plural marker, possessive marker, pseudo-morpheme, or nominalizer. But these functions identified for the English suffix -s can't successfully explain usages of the suffix -s in all the non-plural English nouns, especially those that are not abstract nouns.In this dissertation a survey on the use of English non-plural nouns in -s is conducted with middle school students, college freshmen, college seniors, college professors and staff members as subjects using six different grammatical tests. It is found that the High School group and Staff Members always stand out as different from College Students and Professors suggesting that education level or the heterogeneousness of education levels does play a role in affecting the subjects' use of the English non-plural nouns in -s. In the survey, the subjects' performance in different types of tests is statistically different indicating that different kinds of tests affect the subjects' performance and grammaticality judgment differently.The FROWN-based study shows that most of these English non-plural nouns in -s are not used very frequently in contemporary American English, revealing that most of the English reference grammars are using obsolete or historical examples. The corpus-based study also tells us that most of the cases of these English non-plural nouns in -s are in non-subject positions, making it harder for us to test the number status of these words. But this large number of non-subject cases just means that we can't tell whether these words are intrinsically plural or singular and in fact except for only a few clearly marked plural cases there is a strong tendency towards generic interpretations for these non-plural nouns in -s. Actually it is this in-determinateness that makes the appearance of the new morpheme or new functions of old morphemes possible.The data from the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Ed, Online (OED), supports Stahlke, Cheng & Sung's (forthcoming) argument that in the late 16th and early 17th century a new morpheme--the nominalizer -s, was developed in the English language to turn adjectives and concrete nouns into abstract nouns. The data on the historical semantic development of English non-plural nouns in -s from the OED also reveals the process of a semantic shift of Adj. -+ Sing. N -+ Pl. N -+ Col. N - Gen. N. This process of semantic shift is strongly evidenced by the disappearance of singular forms of the English non-plural nouns -s in the late 16th and early 17th century and successfully explains why the English nouns in -s have the generic interpretation and require singular verb agreement.<br>Department of English
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羅綺琪 and Yee-ki Lo. "An analysis of the use of aspect markers in written and spoken Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26771214.
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Chun, Chong-Hoon School of Modern Language Studies UNSW. "A study of Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes: towards a theory of morphopragmatics." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40809.
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The main aim of this thesis is to gain a deep understanding of the meanings of Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes from a pragmatic viewpoint, using real, not constructed data. In order to attain the purpose, this thesis conducts an in-depth analysis of the nature of the meanings, and the use, of six Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes: -ko, -nuntey, -nikka, -se, -ciman, and -to. The term the use refers to the truth-functionality of suffixes, i.e., whether they conjoin or disjoin the two propositions, which are recovered from two segments, truth-functionally. The data are obtained from 360 minutes of audio-taped Korean natural conversations. It adopts as its reasoning tool four major pragmatic theories - Gricean theory, neo-Gricean theory, Relevance Theory, and Default Semantics. However, it does not use the data to compare the four theories. The thesis emphasises how to elucidate the meanings of Korean conjunctive verbal suffixes that modern pragmatic theories cannot neatly explain. In Chapter 1 previous approaches on the six suffixes are analysed. It is pointed out that while these studies correctly equate the meanings of a given suffix with propositional relations that obtain between the two segments (linked by the suffix), they fail to see the importance of the use of the suffix. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the four pragmatic theories. The focus is on strengths and weaknesses of the four theories. In Chapter 3, we introduce propositional relations and the notions of encoding and inferred. What is meant by conjoining and disjoining truth-conditionally is also explained. Chapter 4 specifies the data. In Chapter 5, propositional relations between two propositions which are recovered from two conjoined segments are characterised. Chapter 6 applies the scope test to meanings of the six suffixes and distinguishes encoded and inferred meanings. It discusses encoded meanings of the six suffixes, which conjoin the two propositions truth-functionally, and discusses inferred meanings of only four of the six suffixes, which disjoin the two propositions truthfunctionally. In Chapter 7, we discuss the nature of the meanings of the six suffixes from two theoretical angles, Relevance Theory and Default Semantics, and in particular we argue against a unitary procedure hypothesis. Chapter 8 concludes the thesis and also includes suggestions for future studies.
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Kim, Jihwan. "The temporal suffixes in Korean and their interpretations." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19156.
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This report deals with the issue of tense and aspect system in Korean both semantically and syntactically. Previous accounts for tense and aspect in Korean have been based on the assumption that the suffix has a fixed meaning, either temporally or aspectually, and either perfect(ive) or imperfective, and so on. In this report, I argue that the interpretation of the temporal suffix in Korean must be more flexible. The interpretation of the suffix is dependent on the occurrence conditions such as the characteristics of the verbs (or the predicates) and the temporal adverbials. For this claim, I argue how to understand tense and viewpoint aspect in Korean based on ‘twocomponent theory of aspect’ (Smith 1997) along the line of ‘boundedness’ of the grammaticalized aspect (Depraetere 1995) and ‘Event realization’ by Bohnemeyer and Swift (2004): –ess is either past tense or perfective aspect suffix and –nun is a present tense suffix with imperfective aspect meaning, because –nun only occurs with [+dynamic] predicates.
Further, I argue how we can reflect the semantic tense and aspect onto the syntactic representation properly. Following Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (1997, 2000), I show how tense and aspect in Korean can be mapped onto the syntactic representation. To treat the temporal adverbials, I follow Thompson (2005) that temporal adverbials are linked to [spec, AspP] position when they play a role as Reference Time (RT). Finally, I argue how the relations of the temporal arguments are syntactically realized in Korean. And –ess is interpreted as perfective aspect when the RT and ST (Speech Time) overlap.<br>text
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Diale, Makhanese Pienaar. "The application of suffixes to Northern Sotho words : a morphological and semantic study." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2016.
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Mavimbela, Basil Khekhe. "The applied and inchoative extensions in Zulu." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10861.
Full textBooks on the topic "Korean language – Suffixes and prefixes"
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Ko, Ŭn-suk. Kugŏ ŭimunpŏp ŏmi ŭi yŏksajŏk yŏn'gu: Paksa hagwi nonmun. Koryŏ Taehakkyo Taehagwŏn, 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Korean language – Suffixes and prefixes"
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Ashcraft, Nikki. "Morphemes." In Advances in Linguistics and Communication Studies. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8467-4.ch002.
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This chapter introduces basic concepts in the field of morphology. In the first section, a morpheme is defined as the smallest unit of meaning in a language. In the second section, morphemes are divided into free and bound types, with bound morphemes further classified as either affixes (prefixes, infixes, suffixes, or circumfixes) or bound roots. This section additionally distinguishes between the role of function words and content words in a sentence. The third section outlines the nine word classes in English: nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. The final section of the chapter explains the implications of this information for teaching vocabulary, grammar, and language skills. The chapter concludes with questions for discussion and some practice exercises.
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Ali, Nawab Yousuf, and Shamim H. Ripon. "UNL-Based Bangla Machine Translation Framework." In Technical Challenges and Design Issues in Bangla Language Processing. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3970-6.ch003.
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The usage of native language through Internet is highly demanding due to the rapid increase of Internet-based applications in daily life. As information is available in the Internet in different languages, it is impossible to retrieve the information in other languages. Universal Networking Language (UNL) addresses this issue by converting the requested information from other languages to UNL expressions followed by UNL expressions to respective native languages. Even though Bangla is the sixth most popular language in the world, there is no system developed so far to convert Bangla text into UNL expressions and vice versa. For this purpose, the authors develop a framework. The framework has two constituent parts: 1) EnConverter: converts Bangla native sentences into UNL expressions considering UNL compatible Bangla word dictionary and analysis rules, and 2) DeConverter: converts UNL expressions into respective Bangla sentences considering Bangla word dictionary and generations rules. In both cases, case structure analysis, Bangla parts of speech, and different forms of verbs along with their prefixes, suffixes, and inflections are taken into consideration. This chapter describes the complete theoretical analyses of the EnConversion and DeConversion frameworks. The experimental results confirm that the proposed framework can successfully convert Bangla sentences into UNL expressions, and also can convert UNL expressions into corresponding Bangla sentences.
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Esseesy, Mohssen. "Typological features of grammaticalization in Semitic." In Grammaticalization from a Typological Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795841.003.0003.
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This study highlights some notable typological features of ancient and modern Semitic languages. It sheds light on a number of shared intragenetic similarities and parallels within Semitic in the processes and outcomes of grammaticalization. Specifically, it examines the emergence and evolution of prepositionals from certain body-part terms; the shift from synthetic towards more analytic possessive strategies; and independent personal pronouns becoming inherently bound agreement markers as prefixes and suffixes on the imperfective and perfective verb stems, respectively. Moreover, with supporting evidence from corpus data, this study argues for the primacy of third-person pronouns, which assume expanded grammatical functions as copulas, expletives, and discourse-related functions. Finally, this study draws attention to the sociolinguistic factors, such as native speakers’ attitudinal stance, which directly impinge on language change within the diglossic nature of Arabic, and calls for consideration of sociolinguistic factors in the study of language evolution by grammaticalization.