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Journal articles on the topic 'Korean type'
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1
Lee, Wan-young, Sang-hyun Shin, and Seung-hwan Jang. "The Perception of the Unified South-North Korean Women’s Ice Hockey Team for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games among Young Adults in South Korea." IJASS(International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences) 35, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/ijass.2023.35.1.127.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean young adults’ perceptions about the formation process of North and South Korean unified women’s ice hockey team for 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games in South Korea. Q-method was used to analyze perceptions about the formation process of the unified ice hockey team. Q-statements were distributed to 42 people in their 20s and 30s in Seoul, South Korea. Distribution of Q-statements was analyzed using Qunal program. We found three types of perception: 1) athletic sacrifice forcing type, a recognition that the formation process of the unified ice hockey team was used for political purpose and a promotional tool for the Olympic Games; 2) inter-Korean exchange development type, a conception that the unified ice hockey team positively contributed to the promotion of exchange of North and South Korea, economic cooperation, peace, and harmony; and 3) political purposes pursuit type, a perception that the formation of the unified ice hockey team was primarily used to achieve political and diplomatic goals and that the media mainly conveyed positive aspect of the unified team for this purpose. The use of sports for political and diplomatic purpose is likely to increase in the future. Perception types among Korean adults in their 20s and 30s are likely to be mixed in the future. Therefore, it is important to promote consensus among Koreans regarding the formation of a South and North Korean unified team in the future.
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Hyun, Jaehwan. "Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, no. 4 (October 11, 2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005053.
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Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.
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Oh, Hyung Keun, and Hyun Chul Yeo. "Improving the System for Early Settlement of North Korean Refugees." Korean Association of Area Studies 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29159/kjas.42.1.115.
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North Korea under the socialist system has a structure in which the type and site of work are determined according to the central policy rather than employment other than individual ability in choosing jobs for its residents. Since it is important for North Korea, which is pursuing a planned economy, to achieve production goals set in accordance with each economic sector's plan, groups take precedence over individual abilities at the work site, and there are few changes in the working environment, such as turnover or relocation of work, so efforts or activities to equip individuals with competitiveness in their activities are of little significance. Most of the North Korean defectors who entered South Korea were subordinated in such a working environment at the time of their repatriation. South Korea is making great efforts to increase the competitiveness of individuals seeking employment because economic activities are determined according to the principle of marketism. North Korean defectors who were accustomed to the socialist planned economy system had jobs, but it is difficult to settle smoothly in that employment for adaptation to South Korean society is mainly achieved through competition with the general public. With 34,000 North Korean defectors now, their successful settlement in South Korean society as a priming water for the unification of the Korean Peninsula is drawing attention as a very important issue. This is because economic independence and income are achieved through employment, and the settlement of economic stability leads to stable participation in South Korean society. The economic activities of North Korean defectors will reduce the loss of social costs for them in South Korean society as a whole, which will further benefit the South Korean economy, and serve as a cornerstone for future unification of the two Koreas. Therefore, this study aims to suggest the possibility of obtaining compulsory employment-type qualifications in consideration of educational background and career in North Korea as an institutional improvement plan for early settlement based on economic stability in South Korea.
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Lim, Joongbin, Kyoung-Min Kim, Eun-Hee Kim, and Ri Jin. "Machine Learning for Tree Species Classification Using Sentinel-2 Spectral Information, Crown Texture, and Environmental Variables." Remote Sensing 12, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12122049.
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The most recent forest-type map of the Korean Peninsula was produced in 1910. That of South Korea alone was produced since 1972; however, the forest type information of North Korea, which is an inaccessible region, is not known due to the separation after the Korean War. In this study, we developed a model to classify the five dominant tree species in North Korea (Korean red pine, Korean pine, Japanese larch, needle fir, and Oak) using satellite data and machine-learning techniques. The model was applied to the Gwangneung Forest area in South Korea; the Mt. Baekdu area of China, which borders North Korea; and to Goseong-gun, at the border of South Korea and North Korea, to evaluate the model’s applicability to North Korea. Eighty-three percent accuracy was achieved in the classification of the Gwangneung Forest area. In classifying forest types in the Mt. Baekdu area and Goseong-gun, even higher accuracies of 91% and 90% were achieved, respectively. These results confirm the model’s regional applicability. To expand the model for application to North Korea, a new model was developed by integrating training data from the three study areas. The integrated model’s classification of forest types in Goseong-gun (South Korea) was relatively accurate (80%); thus, the model was utilized to produce a map of the predicted dominant tree species in Goseong-gun (North Korea).
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Wu, Xuangao, Tatsuya Unno, Suna Kang, and Sunmin Park. "A Korean-Style Balanced Diet Has a Potential Connection with Ruminococcaceae Enterotype and Reduction of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence in Korean Adults." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020495.
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Metabolic syndrome is associated with usual dietary patterns that may be involved in enterotypes. We aimed to understand the potential relationship of enterotypes and dietary patterns to influence metabolic syndrome in the Koreans. Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)-VI in 2014, metabolic parameters were also analyzed among the dietary patterns classified by principal component analysis in Korean adults. The fecal microbiota data of 1199 Korean adults collected in 2014 were obtained from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Enterotypes were classified based on Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) by Mothur v.1.36. The functional abundance of fecal bacteria was analyzed using the PICRUSt2 pipeline. Korean adults were clustered into three dietary patterns including Korean-style balanced diets (KBD, 20.4%), rice-based diets (RBD, 17.2%), and Western-style diets (WSD, 62.4%) in KNHANES. The incidence of metabolic syndrome was lowered in the order of RBD, WSD, and KBD. The participants having a KBD had lower serum C-reactive protein and triglyceride concentrations than those with RBD and WSD (p < 0.05). Three types of fecal bacteria were classified as Ruminococcaceae type (ET-R, 28.7%), Prevotella type (ET-P, 52.2%), and Bacteroides type (ET-B, 42.1%; p < 0.05). ET-P had a higher abundance of Prevotella copri, while ET-R contained a higher abundance of Alistipes, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. ET-B had a higher abundance of the order Bilophila (p < 0.05). Metabolism of propanoate, starch, and sucrose in fecal microbiome was higher in ET-P and ET-R, whereas fatty acid metabolism was enhanced in ET-B. Fecal microbiota in ET-P and ET-B had higher lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis activity than that in ET-R. The metabolic results of KBD and RBD were consistent with ET-R and ET-P’s gut microbiota metabolism, respectively. In conclusion, Korean enterotypes of ET-P, ET-B, and ET-R were associated with RBD, WSD, and KBD, respectively. This study suggests a potential link between dietary patterns, metabolic syndrome, and enterotypes among Korean adults.
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Choi, Jeong-Ah, So-Jung Mun, Won-Gyun Chung, and Sun-Young Han. "Differences in Determinants Influencing Self-Rated Oral Health in Korean and American Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063618.
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This study aims to identify the differences in the determinants that influence self-rated oral health (SROH) among Korean and American adults aged 20 years or older and the differences in objective oral health status between Korea and the United States. It included 13,068 Koreans and 5569 Americans who participated in the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All analyses were conducted using the SPSS 25 program. The 39% of Koreans and 27.7% of Americans rated their oral health as “poor”. The mean SROH score was lower in Korea (2.66) than in the US (3.15). Conversely, objective oral health was better among Koreans. Further, an analysis of the differences in the predictors of SROH between the two countries confirmed that there were significant differences in age, household income, education level, insurance type (none), type of smoking, self-rated health, and decayed teeth index. Government-led projects or policy-based changes that can improve objective oral health status are needed to boost SROH in Korea, and subsequent studies should examine other objective oral health indices (e.g., periodontal disease) as well as differences in sociocultural backgrounds between countries.
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Cha, Minjoo, and Younhee Kang. "Analysis of Basic Nursing Textbooks in North and South Korea." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 10 (May 31, 2023): 661–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.10.661.
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Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze and compare the nursing education on the basic nursing skills between South and North Koreas, and to understand the nursing education in North Korea so as to provide basic data for nursing education and research in Unificated Korea. Methods This study was a content analysis through qualitative and simple categorization to grasp the nursing education and nursing skills based on comparing both basic nursing textbooks in South and North Koreas. Data were collected through textbooks stored at the North Korean Resource Center under the Ministry of Unification, South Korea. Results Nursing skills in South and North Koreas were different in normal range and measurement methods for vital signs, intravenous injection, management of indwelling catheter, and type of disinfectant. For medical terms written in textbooks, English was often used in South Korea, but pure Korean and Latin were often used in North Korea. Conclusions Nursing skills described in nursing textbooks differed in North and South Korea. There were also differences in cultural, language, and ideological aspects other than nursing skills. After unification, in order to maintain the high nursing competence of the two Koreas, it is essential to integrate mutually understandable nursing skills and to develop a nursing textbook. In addition, it is significant to develop integrated nursing curriculum and teaching and learning materials in preparing to integrate the health systems in South and North Koreas.
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SONG, MIN OK, and CHANG-HO LEE. "A new and five rare bdelloids from Korea." Zootaxa 4242, no. 3 (March 13, 2017): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.6.
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A taxonomic study on bdelloid rotifers collected from various terrestrial habitats at six different locations in Korea yielded 12 new Korean records and a new species, Philodina koreana n. sp. Among the 12 new Korean records, eight species and two subspecies are new to Asia. These new Asian records include five rare species with poorly known distributions. Philodina childi Milne and P. scabra Milne were rediscovered in Korea almost 100 years after the original descriptions from South Africa. Our study is the first to report Habrotrocha longicalcarata Bērzinš outside its type locality. Macrotrachela nixa Donner has previously been reported only from New Zealand and the Antarctic after description from Spain. Finally, H. solida Donner is recorded outside Europe for the first time. Here, we provide a description of the new species and discuss the taxonomy and distribution of these five rare species. In addition, a partial sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (mtCOX1) for P. koreana n. sp. as well as a taxonomic key for the Philodina species recorded from Korea to date are also provided here.
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Kim, Yoon-Ho, and Kee-Jeong Ahn. "Descriptions of Three New Species of the Genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Korea." Journal of Entomological Science 44, no. 3 (July 1, 2009): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-44.3.222.
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Three new species of the genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim are described from Korea: Gyrophaena ashei new species (type locality – Mt. Odaesan, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon Prov., Korea), G. naejangsanensis new species (type locality – Mt. Naejangsan, Jeongeup-city, Jeonbuk Prov., Korea), and G. tubula new species (type locality – Mt. Gaebangsan, Hongcheon-gun, Gangwon Prov., Korea). The types and paratypes of the new species are designated. Similarities and differences among Korean Gyrophaena species are discussed. The habitus is illustrated, with line drawings of diagnostic characters.
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Nesterkina, A. L., E. A. Solovieva, and I. S. Gnezdilova. "Cultural Interaction Patterns in the Bronze Age: Ritual Bronze Artifacts from Korea and Japan." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 47, no. 3 (September 21, 2019): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.3.068-073.
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This study focuses on ritual bronze items that are very informative for reconstructing cultural ties and migrations between Korea and Japan in 400 BC to 300 AD. Their large-scale introduction to Korea is related to the culture of Korean-type daggers, whose distribution center was located in northwestern Korea. We give a detailed description of Bronze Age artifacts, including weapons and ritual items from that area. They occur mostly in single burials with a complex construction, possibly attesting to high social status. In Japan, Korean-type artifacts fi rst appear in northern Kyushu during the Yayoi age, in burials with wooden coffi ns and urns. The analysis of molds for casting narrow-bladed daggers, socketed spearheads, and picks suggests that Korean-type items spread from northern Kyushu. Late Yayoi ritual bronze artifacts include mostly mirrors of the Han type, evidently indicating migrations from the mainland.
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Yoo, Woo Sik. "Ink Tone Analysis of Printed Character Images towards Identification of Medieval Korean Printing Technique: The Song of Enlightenment (1239), the Jikji (1377), and the Gutenberg Bible (~1455)." Heritage 6, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 2559–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6030135.
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To identify printing techniques for medieval Korean books, ink tone analysis of printed characters is proposed. Ink tones of printed character images in two ancient books, The Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong Cheon (南明泉和尙頌證道歌), designated as Korean treasures in 1984 and 2012, were compared and analyzed. Both books have been misidentified and disclosed by the Cultural Heritage Administration of Korea as woodblock-printed versions from the Goryeo dynasty of Korea in the 13th century. Ink tone analysis showed clear differences in brightness histograms between printed characters on the two books, suggesting printing technique differences. Statistical ink tone analysis of printed characters in the two books revealed totally different brightness (or darkness) histograms of pixels, within inked areas, suggesting differences in printing techniques and materials used for the two books. Ink tone analysis was performed for the Jikji (直指: metal type printed in Korea in 1337) and the Gutenberg Bible (metal type printed in Europe around 1455) for comparisons. As additional references, the ink tone analysis was conducted for two sets of old Korean books titled Myeongeuirok (明義錄), printed in 1777, and Sok-Myeongeuirok (續明義錄), printed in 1778, using both metal type and re-carved woodblocks. The Gongin version of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012, showed very similar distribution and average brightness of ink with the metal-type-printed books from Korea and Europe from the 14th to 18th centuries. All metal-type-printed books from Korea and the Gutenberg Bible showed spotty prints with lighter ink tones and more symmetrical histograms compared with woodblock-printed Korean books from the 14th to 18th centuries. Ink tone analysis of printed character images can provide additional insights into a printing technique identification method. It is additional evidence for metal type printing of the Gongin version (空印本) of The Song of Enlightenment, designated as a Korean treasure in 2012. The version of interest is the world’s oldest extant book, printed using metal type in Korea in September 1239, as indicated in the imprint. This predates Jikji (1377) by 138 years and the 42-line Gutenberg Bible (~1455) by 216 years.
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Kim, Esther Eui-Gyeong. "The Policy of Enforced Isolation in North Korea and Albania: Its Role in Regime Survival and Regime Collapse." Public Policy Research Institute, Korea University 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 115–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34266/jnks.2023.9.2.115.
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The article seeks to analyze the North Korean regime’s isolationist policy, which is focused more towards its own population than towards other countries, as a key survival strategy. North Korea and Albania shared many historical and ideological similarities between the 1940s and the 1980s, but their fates diverged when Albania was eventually engulfed by protests and underwent regime change. Albania’s Stalinist leader Enver Hoxha had done his best to keep the population isolated, as has his North Korean counterpart. But Albanians under Hoxha’s successor Ramiz Alia began to gain access to unfiltered international news from neighboring countries. In contrast, North Koreans have been sealed off from the outside world. Most North Koreans were, unbeknownst even to themselves, living in an information-deprived world. If this type of domestic isolation is systematic on the part of the regime, North Koreans will only begin to realize their predicament and its source once they begin to receive unfiltered and authentic information from the outside world.
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Park, Hyong-Joon, and Eun Joo Park. "A Study on the Inter-Korean Disaster Cooperation Plans to Prepare for the Future of Korean Unification." Public Policy Research Institute, Korea University 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34266/jnks.2023.9.1.163.
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Due to the increased variability of climate change, not only the types of disasters and occur on a complex and large scale, but also the survival itself is threatened due to enormous damage as geographical boundaries disappear. In the case of the Korean Peninsula, damage from natural disasters is increasing, and the risk of complex disasters is increasing. Even if US-North Korea denuclearization negotiations are suspended and inter-Korean relations deteriorate, the need for inter-Korean disaster relief cooperation does not diminish. On the other hand, the Yoon Seok-yeol government is also presenting ‘establishing a climate and environmental community on the Korean Peninsula through inter-Korean Green-detente’ as one of the key tasks for unification and North Korea policy through the 「Audacious Initiative」. Considering these points, the purpose of this study is to draw implications through case studies by type of inter-Korean disaster cooperation, and to present inter-Korean disaster cooperation plans based on this. It is hoped that the continuity and implementation of inter-Korean disaster cooperation will increase in the future, and this will become the cornerstone for preparing for the future of unification.
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Jung, Bo Eun. "Effects of Acculturation Types on Acculturative Stress and Adjustment to South Korean Society: Focusing on Chinese Immigrants." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013370.
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This study aims to empirically analyze the effects of acculturation types of Chinese immigrants who have settled in South Korea on their acculturative stress and adjustment to South Korean society. For this, 200 Chinese immigrants residing in Korea were surveyed. Of these, 12 were excluded from the survey for insincere or omitted responses, and the final 188 were surveyed. The research results are as follows: First, the effects of the types of acculturation of Chinese immigrants on their acculturative stress were analyzed. According to the results, among the subfactors of acculturation type, integration and assimilation had significant negative effects on acculturative stress, and marginalization had significant positive effects. Second, the effects of immigrants’ acculturative stress on their adjustment to South Korean society were analyzed, and it was found that their acculturative stress had significant negative effects on their adjustment to South Korean society. Third, the effects of immigrants’ acculturation types on their adjustment to South Korean society were analyzed. Among the subfactors of the acculturation types, integration and assimilation were found to have significant positive effects on adjustment to South Korean society, while marginalization had significant negative effects. Fourth, the mediating effect of acculturative stress on the relationship between the integration of Chinese immigrants and their adjustment to South Korean society was analyzed. As a result, it was found that the integration, separation, and marginalization of immigrants had significant indirect effects on their adjustment to South Korean society through acculturative stress. This study can be regarded as meaningful in that it presented the acculturation types necessary for immigrants, who are steadily increasing in South Korea in this era of globalization, to relieve the acculturative stress they feel in an unfamiliar foreign country and adjust to South Korean society.
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Bu, Hyang-suk, and Song Yi Lee. "A Study on Koreans’ Perception of the Word Kkondae." SAGE Open 11, no. 4 (October 2021): 215824402110566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211056608.
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This study aimed to understand better how Koreans in their 30s to their 50s perceive the word kkondae using Q-methodology, a research method that reveals the subjectivity of individuals. “Kkondae” traditionally refers to condescending older people and reveals changes between generations in Korean society. Our research results showed four types of perceptions. Type 1 participants believe kkondae are people who wield authority based on age. Type 2 participants see kkondae as people who mistakenly believe their own experiences can be generalized. Type 3 participants view kkondae as self-centered and closed-minded people who think they are superior, while Type 4 participants perceive kkondae as people who lord over others as part of hierarchical relationships. Consequently, the four types of perceptions of kkondae demonstrate that the reasons and ways of expressing conflict situations between groups are changing in Korean society.
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Kwon, June Hee. "Forbidden Homeland: Divided Belonging on the China-KoreaBorder." Critique of Anthropology 39, no. 1 (August 12, 2018): 74–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x18790799.
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This article explores the old Korean Chinese communist party members’ rearticulation and re-remembering of the traumatic ethnic past and ethnic politics in the wake of the Korean Wind – the massive transnational migration from Yanbian, the Korean Chinese autonomous prefecture (China) to the former enemy homeland, South Korea. The ethnographic analysis is twofold. First, I examine the influence of the Korean Wind, a unique type of economic reform and open economy that Korean Chinese have experienced as an ethnic minority, in destabilizing and reconfiguring their ethnic identity. Second, I analyze the divided sense of belonging of these Korean Chinese Communists as they discuss transnational migration to South Korea as an economic phenomenon while remaining politically faithful to socialism and China. I argue that the construction of divided belonging is a Korean Chinese effort to reconcile their ethnic place in contemporary “Yanbian socialism” as it is buffeted by the Korean Wind.
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Jun, Shinyoung, Kyungho Ha, Sangwon Chung, and Hyojee Joung. "Meat and milk intake in the rice-based Korean diet: impact on cancer and metabolic syndrome." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 75, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665116000112.
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Over a few decades, Korean diet has changed from traditional diet, mainly composed of rice and vegetables, to Westernised diet rich, in meat and milk, along with the economic development and globalisation. Increasing prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases such as cancer and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is becoming a heavy burden to society and requires further attention. In this review, the association of meat and milk consumption with cancer and MetS among Koreans was discussed. Previous meta-analyses showed that meat intake was positively associated with increased risk of cancers, especially colon, as well as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and that the intake of milk and dairy products was negatively associated with colorectal cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, based on studies conducted mostly in Western countries. In Korea and other Asian countries, the association of meat and milk intake with cancers were inconclusive and varied by types of cancers. Conversely, milk intake was negatively associated with MetS risk as reported in Western countries. The difference in results between Korea and Western countries might come from the differences in dietary patterns and study designs. Most Koreans still maintain traditional dietary pattern, although rapid change towards Westernised diet is underway among the younger age group. Randomised clinical trials or prospective cohort studies with consideration of combined effects of various dietary factors in Korea and other Asian countries are needed to elucidate the impact of meat and milk or related dietary patterns in their diet.
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Jeon, Byung-moo. "Trends in Criminal Law and Changes in the Death Penalty in the Early Korean-Japanese Period." Bukak History Academy 19 (January 31, 2024): 199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.37288/bukak.2024.19.1.199.
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Modern Korea implemented the Gab‘o Reform(甲午更張) and unified the type of death penalty by hanging in 1895. The beheading and Neungji execution sentences that had been implemented since the late Joseon Dynasty were abolished. The government of Korean Empire revived the beheading in 1900 through civil rights movements and political upheaval. In addition, the death penalty was strengthened by expanding the death penalty for thieves.
The Government of Korean Empire promulgated the Penal Code(『Hyeonbeob Daejeon(刑法大全)』 in 1905. At this time, the beheading was abolished and the hanging was unified again. This criminal law was too specific and peripheral for death penalty crimes, and the statutory sentence was defined as the death penalty, so judges could not sentence them in consideration of the norm of the crime. From the Gab’o Reform (1895) to the Korean Empire (1909), the number of executions totaled 1,189, with 17 beheading and 1,172 hanging.
The Japanese Empire colonized Korea and maintained this criminal law until 1912. The purpose was to punish Koreans who strongly resisted the invasion of Japanese imperialism.
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Jeon, Byung-moo. "Trends in Criminal Law and Changes in the Death Penalty in the Early Korean-Japanese Period." Bukak History Academy 19 (January 31, 2024): 199–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.37288/bukak.2024.19.6.199.
Full textAbstract:
Modern Korea implemented the Gab‘o Reform(甲午更張) and unified the type of death penalty by hanging in 1895. The beheading and Neungji execution sentences that had been implemented since the late Joseon Dynasty were abolished. The government of Korean Empire revived the beheading in 1900 through civil rights movements and political upheaval. In addition, the death penalty was strengthened by expanding the death penalty for thieves.
The Government of Korean Empire promulgated the Penal Code(『Hyeonbeob Daejeon(刑法大全)』 in 1905. At this time, the beheading was abolished and the hanging was unified again. This criminal law was too specific and peripheral for death penalty crimes, and the statutory sentence was defined as the death penalty, so judges could not sentence them in consideration of the norm of the crime. From the Gab’o Reform (1895) to the Korean Empire (1909), the number of executions totaled 1,189, with 17 beheading and 1,172 hanging.
The Japanese Empire colonized Korea and maintained this criminal law until 1912. The purpose was to punish Koreans who strongly resisted the invasion of Japanese imperialism.
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Yoo, Woo Sik. "Direct Evidence of Metal Type Printing in The Song of Enlightenment, Korea, 1239." Heritage 5, no. 4 (November 3, 2022): 3329–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5040171.
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Since the 1920s, nearly six identical versions of an ancient printed book, The Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong Cheon (南明泉和尙頌證道歌), have been found in Korea. Until very recently, they were believed to be woodblock-printed versions from the 13th to 16th centuries using woodblocks carved from the sheets of a metal-type-printed version from 1239. Two of the six versions were once identified to be woodblock prints in the Goryeo dynasty in the 13th century and designated as Korean treasures in 1984 and 2012. In 2021, one woodblock-printed version printed during the Joseon dynasty in 1526, was designated as a treasure of the Metropolitan city of Seoul, Korea. Historians in Korea have been in heated debate over the printing techniques (metal type print for one version or all woodblock prints) and printing dates (or sequence) of the two versions designated as Korean treasures for the last 50 years. It was almost a never-ending debate with struggles and anger among Korean historians due to the very subjective nature of the examination method and decision-making process by consensus. The heated debates in Korea were never brought to the world’s attention, outside of Korea, and are still considered to be a taboo subject in Korea. To conclude this heated debate with direct evidence of metal type printing of the particular version of interests, all six versions were examined by image comparisons and quantitative analyses of inked areas of individual characters, lines of characters, pages and borderlines. All claims against the possibility of metal type printing of the particular version were reviewed thoroughly. Very clear circumstantial and physical evidence for metal type printing of the version designated as a Korean treasure in 2012 was found. The version carries more than metal casting defects and has the smallest inked area (characters with thin strokes) among all six versions. The version of interest was very likely printed using movable metal type in September 1239, as indicated in the imprint, and is definitely the world’s oldest extant book, printed using metal type in Korea in 1239, predating Jikji (1377) by 138 years and the 42-line Gutenberg Bible (1455) by 216 years.
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Vovin, Alexander. "Old Korean and Proto-Korean *r and *l Revisited." International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics 2, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25898833-12340025.
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Abstract This article argues for new internal evidence for the existence of the contrast between *r and *l in Old Korean and Proto-Korean on the basis of the Hyangchal data and Old Japanese transcriptional glosses as well as Korean loanwords in Manchu and Jurchen that were not analyzed in this way before. Namely, I will argue that combined Old Korean and Middle Korean data call for the reconstruction of two different types of liquids in the position before *i: both stay intact in Old Korean, but in Middle Korean the first type undergoes elision, whereas the second type stays intact. I then attempt to identify these two types on the basis of the internal evidence and parallel phenomena attested in the Greater Manchuria linguistic area and elsewhere.
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Choi, Bo Keum, and Min Sun Kim. "Classifying Graduate Student Education Satisfaction and Influencing of Individual, Academic, and Graduate Characters Using Latent Profile Analysis." Korean Society for Holistic Convergence Education 27, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35184/kshce.2023.27.4.89.
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Using data from the 12th year of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Education by the Korea Educational Development Institute, this study classified the latent profiles of graduate students' educational satisfaction in Korea and analyzed the personal characteristics, enrollment characteristics, and graduate school characteristics that influence the classified profiles. The results of the analysis showed that there are three latent profiles of graduate students' educational satisfaction in Korea, with slight differences in their forms and significant differences in their levels. The upper group with high educational satisfaction and the middle group with medium educational satisfaction showed high satisfaction with major courses and relatively low satisfaction with research mentoring, while the lower group with low educational satisfaction showed the highest satisfaction with research mentoring. The results of the influence factor test showed that research effectiveness, major department, type of enrollment, course of study, type of establishment, and type of graduate school had significant effects. This study used nationwide data to identify what types of educational satisfaction Korean graduate students exhibit, and drew implications for improving the quality of graduate education in Korea based on personal characteristics, enrollment characteristics, and graduate school characteristics that affect the prediction of graduate education satisfaction.
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Park, Ha Eun, Jihun Kwak, Hee Yeon Jang, and Kyeong-Hwa Lee. "Comparison of Quadrilateral Characteristics Tasks in Korean and US Textbooks: Focusing on the Level of Reasoning and Argument Competency Demands." Korean Society of Educational Studies in Mathematics - School Mathematics 25, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.57090/sm.2023.09.25.3.459.
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In order to derive implications for the reasoning tasks presented in Korean textbooks, this study classified tasks of the proposition of quadrilateral unit in Korean and U.S. textbooks into type of proof-related reasoning, analyzed them according to the level of reasoning and argument competency demands. In addition, detailed characteristics according to each level were examined for tasks of the types of DA, IC and MC that accounted for the majority. As a result of the analysis, low-level tasks were presented at a high rate in both countries, but the proportion of high-level tasks was higher in U.S. textbooks. Additionally, opportunities to develop reasoning and argument competency were provided at a limited level for each type of reasoning. This tendency could be clearly confirmed based on the detailed characteristics of reasoning tasks related to the proposition of quadrilateral unit in Korea, examined by the type of reasoning. Therefore Korean textbooks need to provide opportunities to learn high-level reasoning, to present tasks at various levels according to each type of reasoning furthermore, and to reconsider how to develop and transform tasks of various levels for each reasoning type in terms of element and the chain of inference.
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Shin, Woo-Jin, Jong-Sik Ryu, Hyung Seon Shin, Youn-Young Jung, Kyung-Seok Ko, and Kwang-Sik Lee. "Major and Trace Element Geochemistry of Korean Bottled Waters." Water 12, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092585.
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The Korean bottled water market has continuously expanded during the last 25 years. However, in-depth studies of its geochemistry have not been conducted. Four types of bottled water manufactured in South Korea (i.e., natural mineral water, NMW; functional water, FW; carbonated water, CW; and desalinated seawater, DSW) were investigated to classify the water type, verify the accuracy of the ion contents detailed on the bottle labels, and decipher the origin of the water sources using major and trace elements and their isotopes. The waters was classified into three types: Ca-HCO3, Ca(Mg)-Cl, and Na-HCO3. NMW and FW are mainly of the Ca-HCO3 type. Our findings indicate that Korean bottled water chemistry is associated with lithological features and manufacturing processes; NMW is closely related to lithology while FW and DSW are strongly affected by manufacturing processes. Unlike major ions, trace elements cannot be used to decipher Korean bottled water chemistry because they show little apparent relationship with lithology. Regardless of the water chemistry, typical isotopic signals corresponding to intrinsic water were observed in all of the samples, indicating that groundwater and seawater were the sources of Korean bottled water.
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Lee, Namki, and Yucheon Kim. "A Study on South Korean College Students’ Perceptions of Gratitude." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 4 (March 23, 2023): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13040281.
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Humans feel happy when they experience positive emotions; gratitude is a significant inducer of positive emotions. This study investigates perceptions of gratitude among South Korean college students using the Q methodology, which enables the examination of individuals’ subjectivity. We collected 227 statements from a Q population through literature reviews, paper reviews, interviews, and questionnaire surveys; from them statements, we selected 40 Q samples. The P samples included 46 college students at Dongguk University in Seoul, South Korea, and we performed data analysis with Principal Component Factor Analysis using the Quanl program. Using the results of this study, we classified gratitude into five types: Type 1 active gratitude through expression; Type 2 passive gratitude depending on conditions; Type 3 gratitude through relationships; Type 4 gratitude through internal satisfaction, and; Type 5 gratitude through materials. The results point to differences in experiences of gratitude that depend on conditions and environments, and by type. Researchers and administrators can use the results of this study to understand South Korean college students’ perspectives and perceptions when planning and implementing gratitude programs that prioritize their happiness.
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Gu, Gyoungmo. "Current Status of Koreans in Paraguay and Types of Acculturation." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.02.45.02.511.
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This study utilized Declan Berry's acculturation type to analyze the cultural identity of Koreans in Paraguay, a major Korean residential area in Latin America. As a result of the survey, among the four scales of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization, Koreans showed strong tendencies toward integration and separation. The strong tendency of integration and separation can be attributed to the attitude of actively accepting the local culture while maintaining the culture of the home country. This seems to be related to the transitional situation in which the number of first-generation Koreans and second and third-generation Koreans are similar. In addition, the fact that Korean schools(Colegio Coreano del Paraguay) serve as a window for the next generation of Koreans to learn the Korean language and related culture can be seen as a factor in maintaining the culture of the homeland.
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Horigan, Damien P. "Facilitating Korean Reconciliation through Constitutional Law." International Studies Review 10, no. 2 (October 15, 2009): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01002003.
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This article looks at the so-called Korean Problem or Korean Question from a fresh perspective. Instead of advocating a quick yet costly reunification of Korea along German lines or any specific type of federation, confederation, or commonwealth, a new approach to both Korean reconciliation and possible reunification based on negotiated constitutional change, the symbolic power of constitutions, and the Habermasian concept of constitutional patriotism is proposed. Specifically, the example of the Northern Ireland peace process is presented as an alternative legal model that can be creatively applied to conditions on the Korean Peninsula.
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Garnett, Richard, Nolan ‘Youngkwang’ Lee, and Lee Carroll. "Enforcement of Arbitral Awards in South Korea." Asian International Arbitration Journal 18, Issue 2 (November 1, 2022): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aiaj2022005.
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Not only is South Korea an economic powerhouse, but it is also a pro-arbitration and pro-enforcement jurisdiction. This article examines the enforcement framework of both domestic and foreign arbitral awards in South Korea, considering the latest amendments to the Korean Arbitration Act (KAA). In doing so, the authors argue that South Korea is a sophisticated jurisdiction for arbitration and its regime for enforcement is consistent with leading Model Law jurisdictions in the Asia-Pacific region. Most notably, enforcement proceedings in South Korea follow an expeditious ‘decision to enforce’ process, akin to a common law summary judgment type procedure and South Korean courts only require the bare minimum documents to be submitted as proof. Furthermore, South Korean courts take an internationalist and narrow approach to the defences to enforcement, requiring a serious breach or impact on due process before granting refusal. The pro-arbitration nature of South Korea is particularly noticeable in the context of arbitrability and public policy. Competition and intellectual property matters are now both likely arbitrable in South Korea, and South Korean courts maintain a high threshold for refusing to enforce awards under the public policy ground. Arbitration, enforcing arbitral awards, South Korea, Korean Arbitration Act
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Na, Woori, Yeji Lee, Hyeji Kim, and Cheongmin Sohn. "FODMAPs Intake of Korean Adult Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab047_017.
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Abstract Objectives Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is accompanied by abdominal discomfort, stomachache, and diarrhea and deteriorates life quality. Limiting intakes such as Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols (FODMAPs) may relieve symptoms. However, studies on FODMAPs intake in Koreans have been conducted very rarely. Therefore, to provide basic data for preparing dietary guidelines for IBS in Koreans, this study was conducted to investigate the FODMAPs intake according to IBS diagnosis. Methods We performed an internet-based survey on 1,000 persons in their 20s-40s living in Korea from April to August 2020. Among them, data of 857 persons (428 men (49.9%)) who gave faithful answers were used for analysis. The survey variables are general information (sex, age, weight, height, gastro-intestinal (GI) related medical history), IBS diagnosis (ROME Ⅲ), dietary assessment (Food Frequency Questionnaire, FFQ), physical activity level (International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), and stress-related questions (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument-Korean version, BEPSI-K). Results Among the participants, 186 (21.7%) were diagnosed with IBS, and 671 (78.3%) were normal. Among the IBS diagnosis groups, there were 28 constipation type (15.0%), diarrhea type 66 (35.4%), mixed type 63 (33.9%), and unclassified 29 (15.8%). In the IBS diagnosis group, the GI-related disease history (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.001) were significantly higher than the normal group. There was no significant difference in total energy intake, but fat intake was 86.6 ± 55.1 g/day in the IBS diagnosis group and 76.9 ± 47.9 g/day in the normal group (p = 0.014). The total intake of FODMAPs was 13.9 ± 9.9 g/day in the IBS diagnosis group and 12.6 ± 9.7 g/day in the normal group (p = 0.030). Conclusions There was no significant difference in the intake of total FODMAPs according to the IBS subtype. As a result of this study, it is necessary to control fat and FODMAPs to improve IBS patients' symptoms in Korea especially. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea Government (MSIP).
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Jang, Sou Hyun. "Relationship between Employment Type and Self-Rated Health among Korean Immigrants in the US: Focusing on Gender and Number of Years in the US." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041654.
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Although Korean immigrants report worse self-rated health and a higher self-employment rate than other Asian immigrant groups, the relationship between their employment type and self-rated health is understudied. This study examines the relationship between employment type and self-rated health among Korean immigrants in the US. Survey data of 421 first-generation working-age (18–64 years old) Korean immigrants in the New York–New Jersey area were analyzed. The self-administrated survey questionnaire included 39 items (e.g., sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, and health insurance status). A logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the dependent variable—self-rated health (e.g., bad/not bad vs. good/very good)—and independent variable—employment type (e.g., work at non-ethnic firms, work at co-ethnic firms, self-employed, and unemployed)—by focusing on differences regarding gender and number of years living in the US. Self-employed and unemployed Korean immigrants were less likely to report good health compared to those working in non-ethnic firms. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, education, health insurance status, membership in any Koran association, religion, and English proficiency), the relationship between employment type and self-rated health remained significant among female and recent Korean immigrants. More worksite interventions by occupational health nurses that target self-employed Korean immigrants, especially women and recent immigrants, are necessary.
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SORNSUWANNASRI, Sayamon. "MOTIVATION INFLUENCING DECISION TO LEARN KOREAN LANGUAGE AMONG CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY STUDENTS." International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 6 (December 30, 2020): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2020.06.01.
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This research aims to investigate motivation that influences Chiang Mai University students’ decision to learn the Korean language. A questionnaire is conducted on the students’ motivation behind their decision to learn the Korean language and their expectations for Korean language learning after graduation. Respondents are 102 students studying Korean as elective courses or minor subjects. The results reveal that the type of motivation that has the highest influence over their Korean language learning is self-motivation, and they are also motivated by curriculum and institutes, the ‘Korean Wave’ and the society, defined as social motivation, respectively. Their highest post-graduation expectation for Korean language learning is the ability to converse fluently with Korean people, while the ability to understand Korean songs/dramas/variety programs, the ability to understand Korean society and culture, the ability to get a job using the Korean language, the opportunity to study in South Korea and the opportunity to have new friends are the next highest expectations successively.
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Gnezdilova, Irina S., Anastasiya L. Nesterkina, and Elena A. Solovyeva. "“A Thousand Mounds”: Original Sites of Ancient Japan and Korea (Materials for Educational Course “Archaeology of Foreign Asia”)." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 3 (2021): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-3-9-21.
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Purpose. The term kofungun is used in Japan for the mounded tomb groups of the Kofun Period (3rd – 4th centuries), which corresponds to the concept of a burial mound complex. Packed tumuli clusters or senzuka-type burial mound groups are located mainly in the central part of Honshu Island. Similar burial grounds are also known in the South of the Korean Peninsula. This theme is associated with the importance that cultural contacts of island and continental population and their cultural traditions bring to the development of the region as a whole, and Japan and Korea separately. The aim of the research is to study groups of senzuka-type mounded burial groups in Japan and their analogies in Korea. Results. Packed tumuli clusters of Late Kofun are generally located in the center of Honshu Island. Common findings include sue and haji ware, armors and weapons, ornaments. Among the grave goods, a fairly noticeable number of items of Korean origin are found. Some parts of packed tumuli clusters are considered to belong to immigrant clans. Ceramic rice-cookers and Korean-type armors and weapons can often be found in such mounded tombs. Senzuka-type tumuli clusters found on the Korean Peninsula are located in the territory of the ancient Gaya state. The findings include hard ceramic pots, armors and weapons, ornaments, and so on. The Marisan tumuli cluster contains a special type of findings: some mounded tombs were decorated with ceramic figures similar to the Japanese haniwa. Conclusion. The appearance of large sized mounded tombs, surrounded by many small ones in the second half of the Kofun Period, may indicate the emergence of a broad social support of the ruling elite. The presence of items made on the territory of the Japanese islands using Korean technologies among the grave goods allows us to assume the resettlement of artisans from the Korean Peninsula to the Japanese islands. The materials of this research could be useful for students studying archaeology of East Asia.
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HYUN, Jaehwan. "The Emergence and Development of Hygienic Masks in Colonial Korea." Korean Journal of Medical History 31, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 181–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.13081/kjmh.2022.31.181.
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This paper examines the social life of masks in colonial Korea with a focus on their use in hygienic practices. It argues that masks first appeared in the disease control scene in late 1919 when the Governor-General of Korea belatedly introduced preventative measures against the Spanish Influenza pandemic. Since then, the central and regional hygiene authorities had begun to encourage colonial Koreans to wear masks whenever respiratory disease epidemics transpired. Simultaneously, Korean doctors and news reporters framed mask-wearing as something needed for family hygiene, particularly for trans-seasonal child health care, and advised colonial Korean women to manage and wear masks. This paper also reveals that the primary type of masks used in colonial society was black-colored Japanese respirators. Its design was the main point of contention in the debates on the effectiveness of masks against disease infection. Finally, it also highlights that the wide support of using masks by medical doctors and authorities was not based on scientific evidence but on empirical rules they developed through the pandemic and epidemics. The mask-usage practice would be challenged only when South Korean doctors reframed it as a “Japanese custom not grounded on science” at the height of postcolonial nationalism and the raised concern about the artifact’s usefulness during the Hong Kong Influenza pandemic of 1968.
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Yu, Seung Yeob, Eun-A. Park, and Minjung Sung. "Cosmetics Advertisements in Women's Magazines: a Cross-Cultural Analysis of China and Korea." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 4 (May 24, 2015): 685–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.4.685.
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We analyzed the content of cosmetics advertisements in women's magazines published in China and Korea and compared the Chinese ideal of beauty and psychosocial values to those of Korea. Our analysis of 341 advertisements showed that 62% of Korean advertisements were for domestic brands, and 46.2% depicted Korean models, with 19.3% depicting white models, whereas 75% of the Chinese cosmetics advertisements were for international brands, and 26.5% of them featured Chinese models, with 32.7% depicting white models. The results indicate that advertisers in the Chinese magazines more strongly presented Western images as ideals of beauty than did advertisers in Korean magazines. We also found that a high number of cosmetics advertisements in the Chinese magazines contained price information and emphasized psychosocial values, such as activeness and self-confidence, which were less common in advertisements in the Korean magazines. The results imply that Chinese consumers expect concrete product benefits and are more likely to aspire to Western-type beauty than are Korean consumers.
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Park, Jonghan, Hyo Jin Ko, Young Nam Park, and Chul-Ho Jung. "Dementia among the Elderly in a Rural Korean Community." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 6 (June 1994): 796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.6.796.
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The age-specific prevalence of dementia, its sex difference, and the relative prevalence of important types of dementia were studied in the elderly people in a Korean rural community. A two-stage approach was employed, involving screening and clinical assessment. The prevalence among individuals aged 65 and over was found to be 10.8%, with rates of 7.2% in men and 14.5% in women. The dementia was of the Alzheimer type in 60.0% of cases, multi-infarct dementia in 12.0%, mixed dementia of Alzheimer type and multi-infarct in 10.7%, alcoholic dementia in 8.0%, and others and unclassifiable in 9.3%. The prevalence of dementia of the Alzheimer type was significantly higher in women and rapidly increased with age in both sexes. The prevalence of multi-infarct dementia was not related to sex or age. Alcoholic dementia was identified only in men. These findings indicate that the prevalence of dementia in rural Korea is similar to that reported in Western countries and that the prevalence of dementia of the Alzheimer type in rural Korea is greater than that of multi-infarct dementia.
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Izutsu, Katsunobu. "Moving event and moving participant in aspectual conceptions." Lege Artis 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 116–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lart-2016-0003.
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Abstract This study advances an analysis of the event conception of aspectual forms in four East Asian languages: Ainu, Japanese, Korean, and Ryukyuan. As earlier studies point out, event conceptions can be divided into two major types: the moving-event type and the moving-participant type, respectively. All aspectual forms in Ainu and Korean, and most forms in Japanese and Ryukyuan are based on that type of event conception. Moving-participant oriented Ainu and movingevent oriented Japanese occupy two extremes, between which Korean and Ryukyuan stand. Notwithstanding the geographical relationships among the four languages, Ryukyuan is closer to Ainu than to Korean, whereas Korean is closer to Ainu than to Japanese.
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KIM, WONGYUNG, and Min Ji Koo. "Analysis of Self-evaluation in Korean Textbooks." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 10 (October 31, 2022): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.10.44.10.763.
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The purpose of this study is to propose a method for presenting self-evaluation of Korean textbooks in the future by identifying the types and characteristics of self-evaluation contained in Korean textbooks. As a result of analyzing the type of self-evaluation of Korean textbooks selected for research, it was found that scale-type self-evaluation was used in all textbooks except for three types, and the textbooks using scale-type self-evaluation were analyzed to actively utilize the checklist. Based on the analysis results, it was suggested as a method for presenting self-evaluation of Korean textbooks to present an evaluation type suitable for the level of proficiency, to clearly present the learning goal, and to present specific self-evaluation items accordingly. The necessity of learner training for self-evaluation was also argued to promote self-evaluation in the field of Korean language education.
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Shin, Juyoun, Jin Yang Baek, Sun Young Cho, Hee Jae Huh, Nam Yong Lee, Jae-Hoon Song, Doo Ryeon Chung, and Kwan Soo Ko. "blaNDM-5-Bearing IncFII-Type Plasmids of Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 147 Transmitted by Cross-Border Transfer of a Patient." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 3 (January 11, 2016): 1932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02722-15.
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The two plasmids extracted fromKlebsiella pneumoniaesequence type 147 (ST147) isolates were analyzed. The first isolate was obtained from a patient transferred from United Arab Emirates to South Korea. The second isolate was obtained from a Korean patient and was suspected to be transmitted from the first patient. Sequences of two plasmids were almost the same, and genetic structures, includingblaNDM-5, of these plasmids were similar to plasmids of NDM-1-producingEscherichia coliST131 isolates found in Europe.
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Messerlin, Patrick, and Jimmyn Parc. "The Effect of Screen Quotas and Subsidy Regime on Cultural Industry: A Case Study of French and Korean Film Industries." Journal of International Business and Economy 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2014.2.3.
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There are voices in France advocating for a Korean-type screen quota system, seen as a key ingredient in the success of the Korean film industry. At the same time, there are calls in Korea for a French-type subsidy regime to be implented as a way to achieve a further take-off. This paper shows that the Korean screen quota has little correlation with Korea’s success. For the French case, its huge subsidies have had no impact on improving the attractiveness of French movies domestically. The paper concludes by suggesting that an in-depth analysis of the policies pursued by the two countries is crucial toward avoiding a too costly trial-and-error process when designing policies related to cultural industries and culture.
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Doh, Young Yim, and Ji-Bum Chung. "What Types of Happiness Do Korean Adults Pursue?—Comparison of Seven Happiness Types." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 1502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051502.
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Although Korea has achieved successful economic, social, cultural, and technological development over the past decades, Korean people do not seem to be particularly happy. To enhance an individual’s happiness, we need to be aware of what situations and environmental conditions are conducive for happiness and explore the values of happiness we pursue. This study investigated the types of happiness expressed by Korean people using a mixed-method approach. Personal in-depth (n = 15) and focus group (n = 16) interviews were conducted with people who reported feeling a high level of happiness. Happiness categorization was conducted using Q methodology (n = 63). Subsequently, we surveyed 999 nationally representative samples of Korean adults to generalize the results of the Q analysis. The findings revealed seven types of adult happiness in Korea: (1) Self-actualization, (2) Belongingness, (3) Mission, (4) Social recognition, (5) Enjoyment, (6) Material success, and (7) Parenting. The combined results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that in Korea, people pursuing money or social success feel the unhappiest, whereas people pursuing a mission or sense of belonging feel the happiest. In conclusion, we discussed the need for happiness literacy education, to provide each adult an opportunity to understand the type of happiness they pursue.
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Kang, Jun-Young, Sun-Jae Park, A.-Young Kim, and Jong-Seok Park. "Revision of Korean species of the genus Batriscenellus Jeannel (Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Batrisitae) with description of one new species." ZooKeys 1033 (April 22, 2021): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1033.59558.
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The genus Batriscenellus Jeannel, 1958 (type species: Batrisus fragilis Sharp) includes 35 species and is known from South Korea, China, Japan, Russia, and India. Three species, B. vicarius, B. auritus, and B. orientalis have been documented from the Korean Peninsula. One additional species, Batriscenellus koreanussp. nov., is described as new. Redescriptions of the Korean species, a species key, illustration of habitus, and diagnostic characters are provided.
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Ang, Lin, Jong Yeol Kim, and Jeongyun Lee. "Analysis of Facial Features according to Sasang Types between Native Japanese and Native Korean Populations." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (August 1, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6950216.
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Background. Facial diagnosis is a common practice and essential diagnostic method used in the Sasang Constitution Medicine (SCM). SCM is a kind of personalized medicine in Traditional Korean Medicine which categorizes people into four types, namely, Tae-Yang (TY) type, Tae-Eum type (TE), So-Yang (SY) type, and So-Eum (SE) type. This study was conducted to compare and analyze the differences in the facial feature across Sasang types among native Japanese and native Koreans. Methods. A total of 843 subjects were recruited for this study, 127 native Japanese and 716 native Koreans, respectively. Facial feature points and the measurements of facial features were assigned and calculated automatically using a facial analysis program. Data of each Sasang type for both genders were also extracted and analyzed. Analysis of covariance was then used to examine the differences in facial feature variables among native Japanese and native Koreans and Sasang types. Results. Significant differences were seen in the facial feature variables related to lower face area and eye shape. In males, TE types had wider mid-face and lower face as compared to other constitutions. Male TE types were also seen to have narrower eyes whereas male SY types had rounder eyes. In females, TE types had wider lower face width and area compared to SY types and SE types. Female SY types also had rounder eyes. Conclusions. This study presented distinctive feature in the lower face area and eye shape among the Sasang types in both native Japanese and native Koreans. This proposed that facial feature variables can also be used as an objective tool in distinguishing the Sasang types in native Japanese. Further studies are needed in the future to generalize these results.
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Kim, Boyeong. "A Study on Error Analysis by Re-entry Overseas Korean Learners." Korean Association of General Education 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2023.17.3.155.
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This study aims to identify the interlanguage used by overseas Koreans who re-entered Korea for the purpose of studying Korean and entering domestic college through the methodology of error analysis. In particular, this study intends to systematically analyze the Korean language errors of overseas Koreans according to proficiency variables (beginner, intermediate, and advanced) and discourse medium variables (written and spoken language). To this end, this study made a well-balanced corpus of overseas Korean learners with 13,238 words. The results of this study are as follows: First, as a result of the distribution of relative error frequency, the frequency of errors increases as the proficiency increases, and the frequency of errors in written discourse are about five times higher than in spoken discours. Second, as a result of analyzing the frequency of errors by error location, the errors of general nouns shows the highest frequency even in advanced levels without decreasing. Also, the subjective marker was not a top 5 error in the written discourse, although it was a top 2 error in the spoken discourse. Third, as a result of analyzing the frequency of errors by error type, replacement errors were the most common, which was followed by misform, Addition, and Omission errors. At the intermediate level, the replacement error decreased, while the misform error increased. While the misform errors are rather reduced in spoken discourse, addition and omission errors appear more frequently than in written discourse.
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Yoo, Woo Sik. "How Was the World’s Oldest Metal-Type-Printed Book (The Song of Enlightenment, Korea, 1239) Misidentified for Nearly 50 Years?" Heritage 5, no. 3 (July 21, 2022): 1779–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage5030092.
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Six nearly identical versions of an ancient printed book, The Song of Enlightenment with Commentaries by Buddhist Monk Nammyeong Cheon (南明泉和尙頌證道歌), have been found in Korea since the 1920s. All of them were believed to be printed versions from the 13th to 16th centuries that used duplicated woodblocks of a metal-type-printed version from 1239 and its replica. Two of the six versions were designated as Korean treasures in 1984 and 2012. One other version was designated as a treasure of the Metropolitan city of Seoul, Korea in 2021. Since the 1970s, one of two Korean treasures has been identified as a potential movable metal-type-printed book prior to the Jikji printed in Korea in 1377, as recognized by the UNESCO Memory of the World program. The center of heated debates among Korean historians for the last 50 years was over the printing techniques and printing dates (or sequence). Due to the subjective nature of the examination, it was very difficult to reach a consensus. To end this heated debate, all six versions were examined by image comparisons of individual characters, lines of characters, pages and borderlines to identify whether they are the identical versions using the same woodblocks or different versions. Previous reports on the subjects were also reviewed very carefully. Very clear circumstantial and physical evidence showed that the one version designated as a Korean treasure in 2012 is significantly different from the others and was very likely printed using movable metal type in September 1239, as indicated in the imprint. It is the world’s oldest extant book printed using metal type in 1239, 138 years prior to the printing date (1377) of Jikji. The mystery of the misidentification of the metal-printed book, as a woodblock print, has been revealed.
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Lee, KyeongHwa. "2022 revised elementary Korean textbook development direction: Focusing on 1st and 2nd grade Korean textbooks." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 17 (September 15, 2023): 533–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.17.533.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to describe the development direction of Korean text ooks according to the 2022 revised Korean language curriculum. Understanding the development direction of new textbooks will help drive changes in Korean language classes in elementary schools.
Methods Through literature research, Schwab (1973)'s four common elements of development were analyzed in terms of subject, learner, teacher, and environment, and the new textbook's revision focus, unit composition system and development method were presented.
Results The focus of revision of new textbooks is textbooks that reflect the fixedness and creation of Korean subjects at the subject level, textbooks that strengthen student initiative at the student level, textbooks that guarantee teacher autonomy in operating the curriculum at the teacher level, and language media Hankyung and Hankyung It is a textbook that covers a virtual environment. The structure of 『Korean』 is composed of preparation → sub-unit 1, sub-unit 2 → practice. And 『Korean Activities』 consisted of skill development → self-reading.
Conclusions Based on these results, the new textbook's revision points and unit composition system were presented. The unit of the new textbook has a unit structure, and the unit structure type is a mixture of goal-centered and text-centered types. in the meantime the unit composition type of Korean textbooks has been goal-centered for about 40 years, from the Korean textbook of the 5th curriculum period in 1987 to the Korean language textbook of the 2015 revised curriculum period. However, in this 2022 revision Korean textbook, the unit composition type has been changed to a mixed type of goal-centered type and text-centered type. changed to a mixed type. This change in unit composition is a big change in the historical aspect of elementary Korean textbooks.
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Choe, Siyoung, Jaesin Sa, Jean-Philippe Chaput, and Deokjin Kim. "Effectiveness of obesity interventions among South Korean children and adolescents and importance of the type of intervention component: a meta-analysis." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 65, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00409.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Various interventions have been tested to prevent or treat childhood obesity in South Korea. However, the overall effect of those interventions is unclear, as very few reviews and meta-analyses were specific to Korean children and adolescents.Purpose: We aimed to examine the overall effect of obesity interventions among Korean children and adolescents, while also examining differences by sex, age group, baseline weight category, intervention duration, number of intervention components, and type of intervention components.Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for all intervention studies sampling Korean children and adolescents, with at least one control group and one month of follow-up, published between January 2000 and August 2020. Cohen d was calculated as an effect size for treatment effect, using the standardized difference between intervention group’s body mass index (BMI) change and control group’s BMI change.Results: The final sample included 19 intervention studies with 2,140 Korean children (mean age, 12.2 years). Overall, interventions were strongly favored over their controls (d=1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.09). The subgroup analysis showed that interventions with at least one physical activity component (d=2.43; 95% CI, 1.63–3.24) were significantly better than those that did not include physical activity (d=0.02; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.31).Conclusion: Type of intervention component appeared important, though no differential association was observed by sex, age, baseline weight category, intervention duration, and number of intervention components. Korean and non-Korean interventions may be substantively different. Additional studies are needed to understand why and how Korean interventions differ from non-Korean interventions.
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Song, Hwan-Jin, Byunghwan Lim, and Sangwon Joo. "Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts with Heavy Rain Types in the High-Resolution Unified Model over South Korea." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 1277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0140.1.
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Abstract Heavy rainfall events account for most socioeconomic damages caused by natural disasters in South Korea. However, the microphysical understanding of heavy rain is still lacking, leading to uncertainties in quantitative rainfall prediction. This study is aimed at evaluating rainfall forecasts in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS), a high-resolution configuration of the Unified Model over the Korean Peninsula. The rainfall of LDAPS forecasts was evaluated with observations based on two types of heavy rain events classified from K-means clustering for the relationship between surface rainfall intensity and cloud-top height. LDAPS forecasts were characterized by more heavy rain cases with high cloud-top heights (cold-type heavy rain) in contrast to observations showing frequent moderate-intensity rain systems with relatively lower cloud-top heights (warm-type heavy rain) over South Korea. The observed cold-type and warm-type events accounted for 32.7% and 67.3% of total rainfall, whereas LDAPS forecasts accounted for 65.3% and 34.7%, respectively. This indicates severe overestimation and underestimation of total rainfall for the cold-type and warm-type forecast events, respectively. The overestimation of cold-type heavy rainfall was mainly due to its frequent occurrence, whereas the underestimation of warm-type heavy rainfall was affected by both its low occurrence and weak intensity. The rainfall forecast skill for the warm-type events was much lower than for the cold-type events, due to the lower rainfall intensity and smaller rain area of the warm-type. Therefore, cloud parameterizations for warm-type heavy rain should be improved to enhance rainfall forecasts over the Korean Peninsula.
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Byon, Andrew Sangpil. "Pragmalinguistic Features of KFL Learners in the Speech Act of Request." Korean Linguistics 11 (January 1, 2002): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.11.09asb.
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Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to identify and describe the interlanguage features of American KFL (Korean as a Foreign Language) learners with regard to the communicative act of request. For this study, 50 female KFL learners wereasked to write in Korean what they normally say when they carry out the speech act of request, in twelve different situations. Their Korean responses were compared to those of 50 female native speakers in order to identify deviations and problems, which the American KFL learners wereconfronted with when they try to acquire this particular communicative feature. The study identifies and discusses the pragmalinguistic shortcomings of the KFL learners, comparing the type and frequency of downgraders and the honorifics used by the KFL learners and by the Korean native speakers. The pragmalinguistic differences of the respective groups support the findings by Sohn ( 1986) that Koreans are more hierarchical and collectivistic than Americans, whereas Americans tend to be more egalitarian and individualisticthan Koreans.
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Zhang, Yan, and Song-ho Choi. "Linguistic typology, Chinese-Korean parallel structure, Grammatical function, Compared, Language type." Society for Chinese Humanities in Korea 86 (April 30, 2024): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35955/jch.2024.04.86.87.
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Parallelism means that two grammatical units are connected in an equal relationship, and is a linguistic structure that universally exists among the world's languages. However, because the realization method of the parallel structure is different for each language, this paper conducted a comparative analysis of the parallel structure of Korean and Chinese, especially parallel phrases, from a typological perspective to examine the commonalities and differences as well as the causes. This can be summarized as follows: The Chinese-Korean parallel structure can be divided into several types depending on the classification criteria. Based on the semantic type, it can be broadly classified into 'equal type', 'transitional type', and 'selective type', and depending on the part of speech of the parallel item, 'name-name parallel structure', 'dong-dong parallel structure', and 'type- It was confirmed that it can be divided into a ‘parallel structure’. In addition, this paper examined the syntactic function of the Chinese-Korean parallel structure in four aspects, including the degree of marking of the Chinese-Korean parallel structure, the syntactic position distribution of the parallel structure, the position of the conjunction, and whether heterogeneous parallelism is possible. In addition, the similarities and differences between Korean and Chinese parallel structures were explained in connection with the language types of Chinese and Korean and the theory of linguistic typology.
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Shinhee Lee, Jamie. "I'm the illest fucka." English Today 23, no. 2 (April 2007): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840700209x.
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ABSTRACTAn analysis of African American English in South Korean hip hop. English is rarely used in face-to-face terms in South Korea, but the use of English in commerce and entertainment is not such a rarity. The presence of English expressions in advertising and pop lyrics is no longer considered extraordinary. Lee (2006) reports that 83.75% of 720 South Korean TV commercials use some type of English, and only 16.25% of advertisements rely exclusively on Korean. Pop music is another discourse space in which English is fairly frequently used, occurring in more than 50% of pop song titles. A detailed analysis of the frequency of English in South Korean pop music (SK-pop) is reproduced.