Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Korsakoff Syndrome'
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Chancellay, Léon. "Contribution à l'étude de la psychose polynévritique thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le mercredi 15 mai 1901 /." Paris : BIUM, 2004. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1901x367.
Full textKonishi, Kyoto. "The cognitive profile of elderly Korsakoff's syndrome patients /." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116028.
Full textA group of elderly KS patients were evaluated on a large battery of neuropsychological tests to examine general cognitive function, memory, attention, visuo-spatial ability, and executive function. Their performance was compared to age-matched Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy controls. Results showed that there is an interaction between age and KS, with exaggerated deficits seen in memory and executive function, as well as new deficits in semantic memory.
To better understand KS, the thesis provides a review focusing on human, English language studies published between the years 1995 and 2008. Updates on the current findings of treatment and prevention, genetics and prevalence, neuropathology, and neuropsychology including memory and frontal function are provided. In addition, comparison studies of KS to other neurological disorders are summarized.
Pitel, Anne-Lise. "Les troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolisme chronique avec et sans syndrome de Korsakoff : analyse neuropsychologique et remédiation cognitive." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1494.
Full textRoland, Jessica Justine. "Hippocampal and striatal acetylcholine efflux during learning in diencephalic-lesioned rats." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.
Find full textAlexander-Kaufman, Kimberley Louise. "Proteomics of the human alcoholic brain: Implications for the pathophysiology of alcohol-related brain damage." The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2692.
Full textProteomics is rapidly achieving recognition as a complimentary and perhaps superior approach to examine global changes in protein abundance in complex biological systems and the value of these techniques in neuropsychiatry is beginning to be acknowledged. Characterizing the brain’s regional proteomes provides a foundation for the detection of proteins that may be involved in disease-related processes. Firstly, optimal conditions were achieved for the application of two dimensional-gel electrophoresis (2D-GE)-based proteomics with postmortem human brain tissue. These optimized techniques were then applied to soluble fractions of adjacent grey and white matter of a single cytoarchitecturally defined area (Brodmann area 9; BA9) and of two adjacent regions of frontal white matter (BA9 and CC body) from healthy individuals. These normative proteomic comparisons highlighted the importance of correct tissue sampling, i.e. proper separation of regional white matter, as heterogeneity in the respective proteomes was demonstrated. Furthermore, they stressed the necessity for future molecular brain mapping studies. The main focus of this thesis however, was to examine the proteomes of brain regions specifically vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage underlying cognitive dysfunction. Alcoholic patients commonly experience mild to severe cognitive decline. It is postulated that cognitive dysfunction is caused by an alcohol-induced region selective brain damage, particularly to the prefrontal cortex. The cerebellum is increasingly recognized for its role in various aspects of cognition and alcohol–induced damage to the cerebellar vermis could indirectly affect neurocognitive functions attributed to the frontal lobe. We used a 2D-GE-based proteomics approach to compare protein abundance profiles of BA9 grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis from human alcoholics (neurologically uncomplicated and alcoholics complicated with liver cirrhosis) and healthy control brains. Among the protein level changes observed are disturbances in the levels of a number of thiamine-dependent enzymes. A derangement in energy metabolism perhaps related to thiamine deficiency seems to be important in all regions analysed, even where there are no clinical or pathological findings of Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome. Evidence of oxidative changes was also seen in all regions and effects of liver dysfunction in the vermis found. However, overall, these results highlight the complexity of this disease process in that a number of different proteins from different cellular pathways appear to be affected. By identifying changes in protein abundance levels in the prefrontal grey and white matter and the cerebellar vermis, hypotheses may draw upon more mechanistic explanations as to how chronic ethanol consumption causes the structural and functional alterations associated with alcohol-related brain damage. Furthermore, by comparing these results, we may be able to isolate disturbances in molecular pathways specific to the brain damage caused by alcohol, severe liver dysfunction and thiamine deficiency.
Maillard, Angéline. "Atteintes cognitives et cérébrales dans le trouble de l'usage d'alcool et le syndrome de Korsakoff : valeur pronostique, évolution et prise en charge Prognosis factors of low-risk drinking and relapse in alcohol use disorder : a multimodal analysis Short-term neuropsychological recovery in alcohol use disorder : a retrospective clinical study Is there cognitive and brain changes over time in Korsakoff's syndrome ? Neuropsychological deficits in alcohol use disorder : impact on treatmen The effect of alcohol withdrawal syndrome severity on sleep, brain and cognition." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC017.
Full textAlcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by brain damage and cognitive deficits. These alterations hinder AUD patients to benefit from psychosocial treatment and increase the risk of relapse. It is now clear that cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities can be reversible with drinking cessation in AUD. However, patients with Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS) are described as exhibiting a severe anterograde amnesia supposed to persist over time, even though longitudinal studies in KS patients are very rare. The objective of this thesis is to examine the prognostic value, changes over time, and rehabilitation of the cognitive impairments and brain alterations in AUD and KS. Our results suggest that alexithymia, as well as alteration of limbic and frontocerebellar systems observed early in abstinence, contribute to a poor prognosis regarding alcohol status within the year following detoxification. We highlight that, after detoxification, a short stay as inpatient in a convalescent home favors cognitive improvement, and even a return to a normal level of performance. During this stay, an intensive care including neuropsychological training seems to favor the recovery. Finally, our results indicate that in KS patients, severe memory impairments, sustained by Papez circuit alterations, persist over time. Executive deficits and damage of the fronto-cerebellar circuit may recover but to a limited extent. These results emphasize the need to assess cognitive and brain alteration that have a prognostic value regarding treatment outcome. Results also encourage adapting treatment to favor recovery in AUD, or to compensate for persisting memory impairments in KS
Roland, Jessica Justine. "Septohippocampal system modulation in an animal model of diencephalic amnesia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
Find full textLaniepce, Alice. "Modifications du sommeil associées à la consommation chronique et excessive d'alcool : liens avec les altérations cérébrales structurales et les troubles cognitifs Neuropsychological and neuroimaging examinations of self‐reported sleep quality in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff's syndrome Sleep architecture and episodic memory performance in alcohol use disorder with and without Korsakoff syndrome The effect of alcohol withdrawal severity on sleep, brain and cognition Dissociating thalamic alterations in alcohol use disorder defines specificity of Korsakoff's syndrome Cerebellar hypermetabolism in alcohol use disorder: compensatory mechanism or maladaptive plasticity ? Alcohol use disorder : permanent and transient effects on the brain and neuropsychological functions Effects of sleep and age on prospective memory consolidation Troubles cognitifs dans l'alcoolodépendance Repérage des troubles cognitifs liés à l’alcool." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC039.
Full textWell before the development of severe alcohol-related neurological complications such as Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) exhibit variable brain damage and cognitive deficits, as well as sleep disturbances. Although it is well established that sleep contributes to brain and cognitive functioning, its involvement in brain damage and cognitive deficits in AUD remains poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to investigate subjective and objective sleep quality in AUD and KS patients, and its relationships with brain structure and function. Our results show that sleep complaint must be interpreted with regard to the severity of brain alterations and cognitive impairments in AUD and KS patients. Moreover, we showed a high prevalence of sleep apnea in these patients. REM sleep abnormalities are specifically observed in KS patients and related to the severity of memory deficits. Regarding AUD patients, we highlight the contribution of the severity of withdrawal syndrome in slow wave sleep decrease, and its effects on brain and cognitive functioning. Hence, similarities and differences of sleep architecture have been found in the two clinical forms (AUD and KS). These sleep modifications could depend on the severity of alcohol withdrawal and be involved in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related structural brain damage and cognitive impairment. These results encourage evaluating and managing both alcohol withdrawal and sleep modifications to improve patients’ prognosis at discharge from Addiction department
Kopelman, Michael D. "Psychological studies of the memory deficits in Alzheimer-type dementia and the alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, and a comparison with the effect of cholinergic blockade in healthy subjects." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265845.
Full textAnzalone, Steven J. "Cholinergic cortical dysfunction in an animal model of diencephalic amnesia." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
Find full textGoodson, Sarah. "Working memory and attention in alcoholic Korsakoff's Syndrome : A pilot study." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6963.
Full textSchulz, Adelheid. "Gedächtnistäuschungen bei Alkoholikern und Patienten mit dem Korsakow-Syndrom." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=96734803X.
Full textWalker, Pieter Everard. "A test battery devised to screen alcohol dependent persons for Korsakoff's Syndrome /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsw1772.pdf.
Full textEbert, Jane Louise. "A neuropsychological study of visual, spatial and verbal memory in Korsakoff's syndrome patients and alcohol dependent drinkers /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpse16.pdf.
Full textSziklas, Viviane. "Behavioural investigation of the mammillary region in the rat." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70274.
Full textBeauchesne, Élizabeth. "Stress oxydatif cérébrovasculaire et rupture de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans le syndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff expérimental." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4913.
Full textWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder caused by thiamine deficiency (TD). In experimental TD as in WKS, neuronal cell death and hemorrhages are observed in specific diencephalic and brainstem areas. Diencephalic lesions in WKS are especially severe and often lead to permanent amnesic symptoms. The link between TD-induced metabolic dysfunction and neuronal cell death is unknown. Previous reports have shown that blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability was impaired and that this occurred prior to the onset of neuronal damage, suggesting a critical role for vascular dysfunction. Interendothelial tight junctions (TJs), the anatomical basis of the BBB, constitute a molecular network comprising occludin and zonula occludens (ZOs). This thesis shows a loss of expression and alterations in the morphology of these proteins in relation to BBB dysfunction in the thalamus of thiamine-deficient mice, providing an explanation for the presence of hemorrhages. Oxidative stress can lead to direct oxidative damage to TJ proteins and interfere with their regulation mechanisms. Also, nitric oxide (NO) can induce matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) involved in the degradation of these proteins. Cerebral vascular endothelium (CVE) seems to be an important source of NO in TD, since endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression is selectively induced in vulnerable areas. NO can react with reactive oxygen species and form peroxynitrite, leading to endothelial oxidative/nitrosative stress. Results have show that eNOS gene deletion prevents cerebrovascular oxidative/nitrosative stress, immunoglobulins G (IgGs) extravasation and occludin and ZOs alterations in the thalamus of thiamine-deficient mice. Also, eNOS gene deletion prevents the induction of MMP-9 in CVE. Similar results have been obtained with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Precise mechanisms by which reactive species alter TJ proteins are unknown. Caveolin-1, a major component of CVE caveolæ, is involved in the regulation of TJ protein expression, and is modulated by oxidative/nitrosative stress; alteration in caveolin-1 expression has been recently associated with BBB breakdown. The present results show that caveolin-1 expression is selectively altered in CVE of the thalamus of thiamine-deficient mice, and show that normalization of caveolin-1 expression by NAC is associated with the attenuation of BBB damage. Taken together, these results demonstrate a central role for cerebrovascular oxidative/nitrosative stress, especially coming from eNOS, in BBB TJ protein alterations via direct damage and via induction of MMP-9 and caveolin-1. As a result, BBB breakdown contributes to neuronal cell death in the thalamus, since prevention of cerebrovascular alterations by eNOS gene deletion and NAC significantly attenuates neuronal cell death. Early administration of antioxidants combined with thiamine should therefore be an important consideration for the treatment of WKS.
Jhala, Shivraj. "Regulation of excitotoxicity in thiamine deficiency : role of glutamate transporters." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9720.
Full textExcitotoxicity has been implicated as a major pathophysiological mechanism in the pathogenesis of thiamine deficiency (TD). Excitotoxic-mediated cell death is localized in areas of focal vulnerability in TD and may occur as a consequence of impairment in mitochondrial energy metabolism, sustained cell membrane depolarization and decreased uptake of glutamate by astrocytes due to the loss of excitatory amino acid transporters, (EAAT1 and EAAT2). Over the years, a number of studies have identified glutamate as being a major contributor to excitotoxicity in the pathophysiology of TD. Thus, downregulation of astrocytic glutamate transporters resulting in excitotoxicity is a key feature of TD and understanding the regulation of these transporters is essential to understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder. The objective of the present thesis project was to examine the underlying basis of astrocytic glutamate transporter regulation during TD encephalopathy. Major findings of the studies presented in this thesis project provide evidence for glutamate transporter abnormalities in TD animal models and astrocyte cultures exposed to TD. TD results in the loss of the glutamate transporter splice variant-1b (GLT-1b) in vulnerable areas of brain, i.e. thalamus and inferior colliculus, with no significant alteration in the mRNA levels of the transporters, suggesting that glutamate transporter regulation under conditions of TD is a posttranscriptional event. Studies using a specific inhibitor of the transcription factor, Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and a nuclear enzyme poly (ADP)ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) provided evidence for the regulation of GLT-1 by PARP-1 dependent NF-κB signalling pathways. The major findings of this study suggested an increase in the activation of PARP-1 and NF-κB molecule in the vulnerable areas of TD rat brain and TD astrocyte cultures. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB showed an increase in the levels of GLT-1, while inhibition of PARP-1 using a specific PARP-1 inhibitor, DPQ inhibited the increased activation of NF-κB that was observed during TD. Overall results of this finding provided evidence for a mechanism involving PARP-1 activation in the regulation of glutamate transporters. Given the increased lactate accumulation as a classical feature of TD, we studied the effect of soluble factors produced by astrocytes on glutamate transporter function. Treatment of naïve astrocyte cultures with TD conditioned media resulted in decreased levels of GLT-1 and inhibition of glutamate uptake capacity concomitant with a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Administration of exogenous lactic acid produced a similar reduction in glutamate uptake to that resulting from conditioned media. However, lactic acid treatment did not result in a change in GLT-1 protein levels. In addition, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was shown to be increased in astrocytes treated with TD along with elevated levels of the phospho-IκB fragment, indicative of increased activation of NFκB. Inhibition of NFκB led to an amelioration of the decrease in GLT-1 that occurs in TD, along with recovery of glutamate uptake. Thus, soluble factors released from astrocytes under conditions of metabolic impairment such as lactate and TNF-α impairment appear to exert a regulatory influence on glutamate transporter function. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic, has the ability to differentially stimulate GLT-1b (splice-variant) expression in the inferior colliculus in TD rats and under in vitro conditions with TD astrocyte cultures. Thus, ceftriaxone may be a potential therapeutic strategy in the regulation of glutamate transporter function during TD. In summary, excitotoxic cell death in TD occurs as a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with cerebral energy impairment and abnormal glutamate transporter status. A major underlying mechanism for glutamate transporter abnormalities is mediated by PARP-1 dependent NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, metabolic inhibition with substantial production of lactate and TNF-α may be perhaps another mechanism responsible for glutamate transporter downregulation in TD.
Schulz, Adelheid [Verfasser]. "Gedächtnistäuschungen bei Alkoholikern und Patienten mit dem Korsakow-Syndrom / vorgelegt von Adelheid Schulz." 2003. http://d-nb.info/96734803X/34.
Full textSugarman, Roy. "A neuropsychological investigation of the role of cortical arousal in the alcohol related brain syndrome." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10109.
Full textThe present work set out to evaluate whether the division on a neuropsychological basis between Korsakoff's amnesia and Kevin Walsh's Adaptive Behavioural Syndrome (ABS) was justified (Walsh, 1989). The research took the approach that the supposed agents responsible for the ABS (neurotoxicity of alcohol) and Korsakoff's syndrome (thiamine avitaminosis) had not been proven to produce site-specific lesions. Using Bowden (1990) as a point of departure, Luria's (1973) classic discussion of the hierarchical nature of brain functioning was used to generate the hypothesis that the two topographical areas of the brain are both subject to stimulation via the arousal mechanisms of the reticular activating system of the brainstem, and that this might well result in cortical arousal deficiencies giving rise to the frontal and axial deficits seen in alcohol related syndromes. Evidence was found, using techniques of analysis developed by the Boston group (Kaplan, 1980), that in fact the frontally-based ABS was less vulnerable to brainstem dysfunction, and that when arousal levels began to increase, as in the arousing neuropsychological evaluation environment, signs of frontal dysfunction waned, whilst signs of axial mnemonic difficulties did not. This discrepancy was explained using Luria's information that the frontal cortical areas are richly supplied with connections to the reticular activating system of the brainstem, whereas the axial structures are not so richly endowed. The conclusion was reached that the ASS and l(orsakoff's dysfunctions are two sides of the same coin, and that the division between the two is both an artifact of research designs in the past that have excluded those with signs of alcohol dementia ('pure' amnesias), and the heretofore invisible moderating influence of the acetaldehyde-damaged noradrenergic pathways of the brainstem. The post-traumatic amnesias seen following closed head injury and acute stress were discussed as contributing to the generalisability of the conclusions, and the role of neuropsychologists in the future within the field was discussed.
Brokate, Barbara [Verfasser]. "Exekutive Funktionen bei Korsakow-Syndrom und Alkoholabhängigkeit : working memory, response inhibition, decision making und object alternation / von Barbara Brokate." 2009. http://d-nb.info/996765972/34.
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