Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Korund'

This thesis is focused on the study of changes in properties of the aqueous suspensions of corundum during ultrafine grinding without and with the addition of grinding activator. Such studies are an important step in  optimizing the grinding process properly, because by measuring physical properties of a particulate substance, it is easy to determine the actual fineness of the ground substance and its quality for further processing. For the measurement of granulometry, zeta potential, rheological behavior and turbidity, corundum suspensions in distilled water were prepared in a 1:5 ratio without the addition of grinding activator and with the addition of triethanolamine (TEA), by using a planetary mill. The suspensions showed pseudoplastic behavior and the zeta potential of all samples ranged between -30 and 30 mV, thus the suspensions were rather unstable. During the grinding, the viscosity and turbidity of the samples increased. TEA was not proved to be a suitable activator for wet milling of corundum because of higher degree of fineness achieved during milling without an activator.

Sri Lanka is one of the leading countries in export of high quality corundum (Al2O3) gemstones due to the Precambrian rocks geological background. Combined highgrade metamorphic silicates and carbonate rocks makes perfect conditions for crystallization of this mineral. Weathered and eroded rocks have been transported by fluvial processes and formed gem gravels that are located throughout the country but mainly in the Highland complex of Sri Lanka. In order to determine whether a gemstone is corundum or any other gem mineral different techniques and instrumental methods are used. This report focuses on instrumental methods used to measure the minerals physical properties in order to get a definite mineral identification. Mineral identification in gemological circles is critical for determining the commercial value of a specimen. Factors like transparency and color of and inclusions in gemstone have to be taken into account when evaluating the value of a specimen. It also needs to be distinguished from artificial gemstones and heattreated specimens that in recent years have become more common due to more advanced techniques. By examine inclusions and the chemical composition of a rough or facetted specimen the origin and process can be determined.
Sri Lanka är ett av de ledande exportländerna av högkvalitativ ädelkorund (Al2O3) som bildats i landets prekambriska bakgrund. Hög metamorfos av silikat- och karbonatrika bergarter har skapat rätt miljö för mineralet att bildas. Vittrad berggrund har transporterats och avsatts av fluviala processer och ädelstensförande grus finns i huvudsakligen i Sri Lankas Highlandkomplex. För att kunna avgöra om en ädelsten är korund eller ett annat mineral används olika tekniker och instrument. Denna rapport fokuserar huvudsakligen på instrumentella metoder som mäter fysikaliska egenskaper hos mineral för att därigenom kunna få en definitiv mineralidentifikation. Inom gemologi är det absolut nödvändigt med mineralidentifikation för att bestämma det kommersiella värdet av en ädelsten. Även faktorer som transparens, färg och inneslutningar hos en ädelsten måste undersökas vid värdering. Syntetiska och eller värmebehandlade ädelstenar har blivit allt mer vanliga genom utvecklig av avancerad teknik och att skilja dessa från naturliga stenar är också viktigt. Genom undersökning av inneslutningar och den kemiska sammansättningen av en ädelsten kan dess ursprung och i vissa fall de geologiska bildningsprocesserna fastställas.

This work deals with the study of limestone and corundum dry milling using attritor-type stirred mill in a batch mode. There were stearin and polyethylene glycol used as surfactants and spherical shaped steel grinding elements used for the experimental part of the work. The main idea was to examine behavior of the selected grinding stock type within a long-term grinding forces exposure in selected conditions of ultrafine dry milling leading up to the submicron area. Characterization of samples was performed by laser granulometry, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, objective color determination and electrokinetic potential measurement. Experimetaly measured data implies that in all cases there was a re-agglomeration of the grinding stock particles occurring, although in different stages of the disintegration process and in mutually various degree. The analysis results denote that a larger erosion of the crystal structures with the associated increase of the amorphous phase in the submicron particle size took place in the grinding stock.

The aim of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge gained in the field of grinding medium-hard and hard materials. Work has focused on examining the grindability of the material using available laboratory mill. The part of the work is subsequent optimization of the grinding process on the device and evaluation of the results.

The main goal of this thesis is to compare 5 chosen grinding wheels, that vary by the material and structure. The testing is done in the company SLB, spol. s r.o., using a grinder on the holes BDU 80, which is set to 6 different settings of the grinding cycle, defined by the letters A´, A, B, C, D and E. These settings vary by the cutting conditions and enable to compare the tested grinding wheels by 8 measured parameters of the surface quality of the grinded bearing orbits of outer rings of the SLB 84-74 bearings, that are described by the drawing documentation.

In this diploma thesis was analysed layer of corroded material created on refractory lining of reactors for mazut gasification. Samples of corroded material were analysed for SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2, Fe2O3 a TiO2. Corroded material was further analysed by x-ray and IR spectroscopy to acquire more precise data about chemical composition. This thesis studies the exact effect of microstructure on static corrosion kinetics in system SiO2-Al2O3.

Diploma thesis deals with the research of oxide interphase of ceramic composite in dependence on the amount of precursor used in sol – gel method for deposition of titanium dioxide thin layer on corundum.

V práci se nejprve věnuji teoretickým východiskům souvisejících s měnovou krizí a to jak indikátorům blížící se měnové krize tak hlavním nástrojům měnové politiky pro boj s měnovou krizi již vypuklou. V následující části se pak věnuji měnové krizi v Thajsku, se kterým měla česká ekonomika mnoho společných rysů a odkud se spekulační útok přelil i do České republiky. V hlavní části své diplomové práce pak nejprve věnuji nejvýznamnějším charakteristikám vývoje české ekonomiky před měnovou krizí, kterými byly proces liberalizace kapitálových toků, s tím související příliv zahraničního kapitálu a růst deficitu běžného účtu platební bilance. Po samotném spekulačním útoku se práce věnuje následným opatřením hospodářské politiky a vývoji české ekonomiky. Po srovnání měnové krizi v České republice a v Thajsku pak uvádím hlavní ponaučení, která z měnové krize plynou pro českou hospodářskou politiku.

This thesis is about the calculation of a spectral radiance for the K-corona, the continuius spectral part which arise from the Thomson scattering of a solar radiance of free electrons in the corona. Also the Doppler effect is described as it smooth down a solar spectrum (with many absorption lines) to a smoother spectrum of the K-corona. It’s also possible to determine the temperature of free electrons from spectral shape, from which proceeds the method of temperature measurement. NASA intends to use this method on the probe ONSET. Also, temperature definition and its significance are discussed.

The goal of the Master thesis is to assess potential benefits and costs for Czech economy resulting from joining the euro-zone. The thesis also reviews the preparedness for the euro adoption in terms of fulfilment of both the nominal and real convergence criteria. First part summarizes the brief history of European monetary integration and theoretical aspects associated with function of monetary union. Follows the major part namely euro adoption in the Czech Republic where current status of fulfilment of maastricht convergence criteria and additional factors of real convergence will be analysed. This part of thesis also deals with direct and indirect impact of euro adoption on Czech economy. In the thesis I will also review current problems of euro-zone which could negatively affect the strategy of euro adoption in the Czech Republic.

Práce se pokouší zjistit případný vliv reálného efektivního kurzu koruny na český zahraniční obchod, resp. na vývoz a dovoz zboží a čistého exportu. Úvodní kapitola, je věnována teoretické části se zaměřením na vymezení důležitých pojmů, jako platební bilance, nominální a reálný měnový kurz, Marshall-Lernerova a zahraniční obchod. Druhá kapitola obsahuje datovou a analytickou část. V ní jsou analyzována výchozí makroekonomická data ? vývoj reálného efektivního kurzu koruny a vývoj zahraničního obchodu ČR od roku 1996 do roku 2006. Závěrečná kapitola se věnuje popisu vlivu změn reálného efektivního kurzu koruny na automobilový průmysl. Pomocí grafické analýzy se zde objasňuje případná závislost vývoje reálného efektivního kurzu a vývozu osobních automobilů z ČR do zahraničí. V závěru jsou shrnuty celkové výsledky práce.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social
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Os orixás, divindades do panteão afro-brasileiro, estão muito próximos dos seres humanos e não humanos (plantas, animais, objetos sagrados...) e interferem de modo contundente a vida de todos os fiéis do candomblé e da umbanda. Considerando as noções de doença e saúde como resultantes de muitos fatores que interagem, dentre eles a mitologia e religiosidade, noções estas que não se limitam apenas aos aspectos analisados pela biomedicina, observo a ligação dos orixás às alterações de fala (disfemia / gagueira e dislalia / distúrbio articulatório) e voz (disfonia / rouquidão), a própria idéia de saúde e doença envolvendo estas alterações e as características vocais dos filhos de santo herdadas de seus orixás a partir da personalidade destes. Com efeito, propus-me a caminhar por esses diferentes campos de conhecimento, o científico e o tradicional, voltando-me para as questões simbólicas e a interferência dos orixás no que se refere ao entendimento das características vocais e tais alterações da voz e fala

The aim of this paper is to find out, if the foreign exchange intervention executed by Czech National Bank influenced car sales in Czech Republic. Similar research was not examined by any author so far. The study analyze the case of four most sold car brands in Czech Republic (Hyundai, Skoda, Volkswagen, Opel) between the years 2012 and 2014. Positive impact of the intervention was found out in two cases.

In December 2015 the next part of the research population yew (Taxus baccata) took place in NPR Chlumská stráň. The specimens exceeding 4 meters at height at which the sex is possible to determine were selected from the total population. And from this group 50 individuals were randomly selected and the following characteristics were measured height, breast-height diameter, girth, height deployment of the first green branches, distances ends of the branches from the trunk, a distance of 5 nearest trees, their height and azimuth, also was intended sexes and crown shape. Volume and height of the crown were calculated. The aim is to determine how the surrounding tree species affect mensurational characteristics of the yew not only basic characteristics such as thickness at breast height and tree height, crown but also the crown characteristics and health status. The average diameter of the examined yews is 41,53 cm and a height of 13,66 m. The yew crowns were investigated in detail. The most important and interesting data are the yew crown projection and distances of competing species. The average crown projection yew is 79,25 square meters, the average height of the crown is 12,26 m, the surface of the crown is 2531,46 square meters, the average crown width is 10,36 m and the average volume of 429,80 cubic meters. 95 % of all surveyed yew has asymmetric crown, making it likely the high impact of competitive species. The most abundand species of competitors is hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) with a total of 60 individuals, an average height of 13,6 meters and an average distance of 5,79 meters, followed by lime(Tilia cordata) and manna ash (Fraxinus ornus). Crown yew are deflected to the north, northwest and west direction because of terrain conditions and competing trees. Research in the future should be also focused to the marginal tree species and for yew it should be very appropriate to establish permanent sample plots and to use collected information for return of yew to our forests.

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This dissertation is the result of an interdisciplinary study of the territorial configuration and territoriality expressed by the indigenous people Korubo in the last 50 years. The indigenous people named by us Korubo are speakers of a language of the Pano family and live in the Indigenous Territory Vale do Javari, in the far west of the Brazilian state of Amazonas. They are currently local groups that present different levels of interaction with the national society, from situations of isolation to relationships of permanent contact. Over the last decades, the Korubo have acted with deep resilience and resistance, mainly in reaction to the onslaught of developmentist fronts over their territory. During a part of the second half of the twentieth century, these people occupied a territorial unit based on the interfluvial rivers Ituí and Itaquaí, this last tributary of the Javari river, and explicitly showed the intention of not establishing permanent contact with the surrounding society. It is estimated that from the late 1980s processes of dispersion of local Korubo groups have been developed. This caused a geographic isolation between some of them, interrupting flows of contact due to new social and territorial arrangements. The contact consolidation events between the National Indian Foundation (FUNAI) and some of these local groups in the last 21 years revealed, among other things, the close kinship relations between individuals of the newly contacted groups and still important aspects that served to understand the aspects of their splits and dispersions. The methodology of this research is based on the cross-referencing of the information collected by the bibliographic and documentary investigation, the Korubo narratives and the work that I performed as a field indigenist by the Vale do Javari Ethno-Environmental Protection Front (FPEVJ), a unit of FUNAI that investigates and protects the territory and the culture of the isolated indigenous peoples and recently contacted of the Indigenous Territory Vale do Javari. As a result of this investigation, I present the forms that the Korubo appropriates their territory and the dilemmas that the indigenous of this ethnic group have been facing in the contemporary context.
Este trabalho é o resultado de um estudo interdisciplinar sobre a configuração territorial e a territorialidade expressada pelos índios Korubo nos últimos 50 anos. O povo indígena denominado por nós de Korubo são falantes de uma língua da família Pano e vivem na Terra Indígena Vale do Javari, no extremo ocidente do estado do Amazonas. Constituem atualmente grupos locais que apresentam diferentes níveis de interação com a sociedade nacional, desde situações de isolamento até relações de contato permanente. Ao longo das últimas décadas, os Korubo atuaram com profunda resiliência e resistência, principalmente na reação às investidas das frentes desenvolvimentistas sobre seu território. Durante uma parte da segunda metade do século XX, estes indígenas ocupavam uma unidade territorial baseada no interflúvio dos rios Ituí e Itaquaí, este último afluente do rio Javari, e explicitamente demonstravam a intenção de não estabelecer contato permanente com a sociedade envolvente. Estima-se que a partir do final da década de 1980 desenvolvem-se processos de dispersão de grupos locais Korubo, o que ocasionou um isolamento geográfico entre alguns deles, interrompendo fluxos de contato devido a novos arranjos sociais e territoriais. Os eventos de consolidação de contato entre a Fundação Nacional do Índio (FUNAI) e alguns destes grupos locais nos últimos 21 anos, revelou entre outras coisas, as estreitas relações de parentesco entre sujeitos dos grupos recém-contatados e ainda importantes aspectos que serviram para entender a forma que as cisões e dispersões entre os grupos locais ocorreram. A metodologia desta investigação baseia-se no cruzamento das informações levantadas pela pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com as narrativas dos Korubo contatados e pelo trabalho que executei como indigenista de campo pela Frente de Proteção Etnoambiental Vale do Javari (FPEVJ), unidade da FUNAI que investiga, promove e protege o território e a cultura dos povos indígenas isolados e de recente contato da Terra Indígena Vale do Javari. Como resultado deste estudo, apresento as formas que os Korubo se apropriam de seu território e os dilemas que os indígenas desta etnia vêm enfrentando no contexto contemporâneo.

This diploma thesis deals with submergence of low rectangular sharp-edged broad-crested weirs. From measurement of water levels in front of and behind of weir at different discharges and different weir heights, were determined values of submergence coefficient depending on relative height of submergence. From these values were determined the equation of submergence coefficient. Measured values were compared which results measurements, which are given in professional literature.

Predmet istraživanja u doktorskoj disertaciji je metoda za konstrukcijulokalizacionih skupova za spektar i pseudospektar nelinearnih problemakarakterističnih korena bazirana na Geršgorinovoj teoremi i njenimgeneralizacijama koja koristi osobine poznatih podklasa H-matrica.Navedena tvrđenja i primeri rasvetljavaju odnose između navedenihlokalizacionih skupova, što je posebno značajno za primenu u praksi.Sadržaj ovog rada time predstavlja polaznu tačku za dublja istraživanja natemu konstrukcije lokalizacionih skupova za spektar i pseudospektarnelinearnih problema karakterističnih korena Geršgorinovog tipa.
The subject of research in the doctoral dissertation is a method for constructingspectra and pseudospectra localization sets for nonlinear eigenvalue problemsbased on Geršgorin theorem and its generalizations, that uses the properties ofwell-known subclasses of H-matrices. Theorems and examples given in thispaper are showing relations between stated localization sets, which is veryimportant for practical applications. Therefore, the content of this paper representthe starting point for deeper explorations on the subject of constructing spectraand pseudospectra localization sets for Geršgorin type nonlinear eigenvalueproblems.

Two transmissions of the Qur'an can be found in printed copies today. One stems from Kufa and the other from Medina. They are more commonly called by the names of their respective second-century transmitters, Hafs and 'Wars. This thesis examines the relationship between these two transmissions, as exemplified in the first five suras. The Hafs transmission is found in printed Qur'an copies from all but West and North-West Africa, which employ the War transmission. The Hafs transmission is therefore the transmission found in the vast majority of printed copies of the Qur'an, and printed copies of the 'Wars transmission are rare in comparison. There is no doubt that copies according to other transmissions have existed as well, but none has apparently been printed. The Basrans al—Xalil and Sibawayhi, for instance, had texts that differed in places from both the Hafs and 'Wars transmissions. And the existence of manuscripts according to the Basran reading-system of abu 'Amr by way of al—Duri has been testified in the Sudan this century. The Qur'an according to this last transmission has in fact been printed at the head and side of the pages of editions of al—Zamaxari's commentary a1—Kaf, but these are not considered by Muslims as Qur'an copies proper. They are type-set and have occasional misprints, and at times do not tally with data on the reading-system of abu 'Amr given in works on Qur'an readings. Qur'an copies according to transmissions such as these or others might therefore still exist in manuscript, but would not readily be consultable. So it would be of use to document differences between those transmissions that actually are available in print. On a general level, this provides a step towards a critical apparatus of the Qur'an, and on a more specific one, it provides the data for this thesis.

The Qur'anic concept of ahl al-kitab ("People of the Book") has a theological significance for Muslims, showing a sympathetic perception of other religions, particularly Jews and Christians, who share the same monotheistic belief as Muslims. There are many references to abl al-kitab in the Qur'an which may be grouped into two categories: the sympathetic verses which give ahl al-kitab a status similar to that of Muslims and the ambivalent verses which condemn the ahl al-kitab. In this study, surat Al 'Imran (3): 64, 113, 114 and 115 are chosen as examples of sympathetic verses. Six major works of selected classical and modern exegesis, from different schools of thought, are used in the analysis of these verses. Classical exegetes do not suggest any development of the concept of ahl al-kitab, while the modern exegetes include all religious communities in addition to Jews, Christians and Muslims.
The Qur'an itself recognizes the existence of good people among the ahl al-kitab and invites people of diverse faiths to come to a "common word" (kalimatin sawa'in) to establish mutual understanding through critical dialogue. This would, in turn, enable all people to work together to build a new civilization and greater harmony. This thesis avails itself of the fundamental teachings of the Qur'an on ahl ak-kitab and of Muslims' exegesis, as well as secondary scholarship on this topic. The concept of ahl al-kitab is shown to have novel relevance for our religiously pluralist world both today and for the future.

This thesis aims to provide an in-depth study of the Makkan and Madinan revelations of the Qur'dn in terms of structure, themes, linguistic, stylistic and textual analysis of the sikas. The main objective of these analyses is to make the contents of the Qur'dn more accessible and easy to understand by the modem reader. Most importantly, the present study focuses on pivotal themes of the Qur'dn. Firstly to represent the context in which the revelations took place, an account of the historical background of the two towns Makka and Madina at the time of the Prophet himself is given. Also, the present study provides details on the inhabitants of these towns who were the main addressees of the Makkan and Madinan revelations. An overview of the Prophet Mubammad as an individuaL his tribal origins, and his social life in Makka until he got married and before his Message has also been given. The present discussion presents the Qur'dn in terms of its composition and its status as a Holy Scripture, compared to the previous other two Scriptures, the Old and the New Testaments. Thus, an insight into the Makkan suras has been provided: Outlines of its structure, themes, peculiarities, and textual analysis in terms of tenets of faith of some selected Makkan saras have been dealt with. Similarly, an insight into the Madinan sugras has also been provided along with structural, thematic and textual analysis of some selected Madinan sdras. Other concepts such as the 'coherence in the Qur'dn', 'nazm in the Qur'an' and 'ijaz al-Qur'an which are looked at in terms of conceptual chaining between adjacent suras and ayas have been developed in this study. Throughout our analysis of the Qur'dn, our aim is to deal with its suras and their classifications according to the descending order from the longest sura to the shortest ones rather than in terms of its chronological order of revelation. The present thesis provides intriguing comparative and contrastive analyses of the Makkan and Madinan suras from Muslim and non-Muslim perspectives. This study also provides 28 highly valuable observations about the study of the two phases of revelation. This provides a new insight into the analysis of the Qur'an and it points out a new direction in the analysis of Makkan and Madinan revelations. My approach has thus become different from classical classification of the suras. It is now based on suras structure, themes, text linguistics, etc.

In the first, theoretical part, the Forex is explained, along with its characteristics and basics of technical and fundamental analysis, followed by economic factors affecting the development of currency exchange rates. Second part of this paper, practical part, is developed as a series of experimental trading sessions using demo account. The trades are executed using mainly fundamental data supported by technical analysis. Final part of this thesis evaluates conducted trades and other features discovered during the tradings.

Thesis (MSc (Genetics))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Worldwide, the rust diseases cause significant annual wheat yield losses (Wallwork 1992; Chrispeels & Sadava 1994). The utilization of host plant resistance to reduce such losses is of great importance particularly because biological control avoids the negative environmental impact of agricultural chemicals (Dedryver et al. 1996). The wild relatives of wheat are a ready source of genes for resistance to disease and insect pests. A large degree of gene synteny still exists among wheat and its wild relatives (Newbury & Paterson 2003). It is therefore possible to transfer a chromosome segment containing useful genes to a homologous region in the recipient genome without serious disruption of genetic information. Special cytogenetic techniques are employed to transfer genes from the wild relatives to the wheat genomes (Knott 1989). Unfortunately the transfer of useful genes may be accompanied by the simultaneous transfer of undesirable genes or redundant species chromatin which has to be mapped and removed (Feuillet et al. 2007). DNA markers are extremely useful for the characterisation and shortening of introgressed regions containing genes of interest (Ranade et al. 2001), and may also be used for marker aided selection of the resistance when the genes are employed commercially. Eight wheat lines containing translocations/introgressions of wild species-derived resistance genes were developed by the Department of Genetics (SU). These lines are presently being characterized and mapped and attempts are also being made to shorten the respective translocations. This study aimed to find DNA markers for the various translocations and to convert these into more reliable SCAR markers that can be used in continued attempts to characterize and improve the respective resistance sources. A total of 260 RAPD and 21 RGAP primers were used to screen the eight translocations and, with the exception of Lr19, it was possible to identify polymorpic bands associated with each translocation. However, it was not possible to convert all of these into more reliable SCAR markers. The primary reason for this was the low repeatability of most of the bands. Certain marker fragments turned out to be repeatable but could not be converted successfully. Some of the latter can, however, be used directly (in RAPD or RGAP reactions) as markers. The Lr19 translocation used in the study (Lr19-149-299) is a significantly reduced version of the original translocation and failure to identify polymorphisms associated with it can probably be ascribed to its small size. The following numbers of markers (direct and converted into SCARs) were Worldwide, the rust diseases cause significant annual wheat yield losses (Wallwork 1992; Chrispeels & Sadava 1994). The utilization of host plant resistance to reduce such losses is of great importance particularly because biological control avoids the negative environmental impact of agricultural chemicals (Dedryver et al. 1996). The wild relatives of wheat are a ready source of genes for resistance to disease and insect pests. A large degree of gene synteny still exists among wheat and its wild relatives (Newbury & Paterson 2003). It is therefore possible to transfer a chromosome segment containing useful genes to a homologous region in the recipient genome without serious disruption of genetic information. Special cytogenetic techniques are employed to transfer genes from the wild relatives to the wheat genomes (Knott 1989). Unfortunately the transfer of useful genes may be accompanied by the simultaneous transfer of undesirable genes or redundant species chromatin which has to be mapped and removed (Feuillet et al. 2007). DNA markers are extremely useful for the characterisation and shortening of introgressed regions containing genes of interest (Ranade et al. 2001), and may also be used for marker aided selection of the resistance when the genes are employed commercially. Eight wheat lines containing translocations/introgressions of wild species-derived resistance genes were developed by the Department of Genetics (SU). These lines are presently being characterized and mapped and attempts are also being made to shorten the respective translocations. This study aimed to find DNA markers for the various translocations and to convert these into more reliable SCAR markers that can be used in continued attempts to characterize and improve the respective resistance sources. A total of 260 RAPD and 21 RGAP primers were used to screen the eight translocations and, with the exception of Lr19, it was possible to identify polymorpic bands associated with each translocation. However, it was not possible to convert all of these into more reliable SCAR markers. The primary reason for this was the low repeatability of most of the bands. Certain marker fragments turned out to be repeatable but could not be converted successfully. Some of the latter can, however, be used directly (in RAPD or RGAP reactions) as markers. The Lr19 translocation used in the study (Lr19-149-299) is a significantly reduced version of the original translocation and failure to identify polymorphisms associated with it can probably be ascribed to its small size. The following numbers of markers (direct and converted into SCARs) were v identified: S8-introgression (Triticum dicoccoides) = one RAPD and two SCARs; S13-translocation (Aegilops speltoides) = four RAPDs, three RGAPs and five SCARs; S15-translocation (Ae. peregrina) = one RAPD and two SCARs; S20-translocation (Ae. neglecta) = two RAPDs, two RGAPs and one SCAR. The markers are already being employed in current projects aiming to map and shorten these translocations. Some of the markers can be combined in multiplex reactions for more effective mass screening. No repeatable markers could be identified for the four remaining translocations (S12 from Ae. sharonensis; S14 from Ae. kotschyi; Smac from Ae. biuncialis and Lr19-149-299 from Thinopyrum ponticum).

Thesis (MScAgric.)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In cross pollinated crops, recurrent selection is used to increase the frequency of desirable alleles by breaking up existing linkage blocks and forming new gene combinations. Despite promising results from numerous feasibility studies, recurrent selection is seldom routinely used in wheat. A major obstacle has been the inability to readily achieve random interbreeding of large numbers of selected plants. In China the Taigu genetic male sterility gene, Ms2, has however been used to establish a recurrent selection programme in which field grown male sterile plants were pollinated by selected male fertile plants (Huang et al., 1988). Another dominant gene for male sterility, Ms3, was found after EMS treatment of the seeds of an alloplasmie common wheat with Triticum tauschii cytoplasm (Maan et al., 1984) and is located at 3 map units from the centromere on chromosome arm SAS (Maan et al., 1987). In a study done during 1999 at Welgevallen to determine the frequency of natural intererossing under field conditions, Ms3 showed incomplete penetrance and only about two thirds of the seed set on male sterile plants could be attributed to intercrossing. Ms3 has stable expression in plants grown within the normal range of greenhouse temperatures for wheat, 16 - 2SoC. Under warmer field conditions, 21 - 3SoC, its penetrance is, however, incomplete (Maan et al., 1984). The utility of Ms3 under field conditions is therefore unsatisfactory. An attempt to determine the location and origin of an unknown male sterility gene, found in cross 9SK3 of a routine breeding programme, showed that a single locus was not the cause of the male sterility. Chromosome abnormalities and gene imbalances were probably to blame. The male sterility probably relates to a T.urartu addition chromosome in the pedigree of cross 9SK3. To facilitate the production of large numbers of hybrid progeny, a simple hydroponic system was developed in which male sterile tillers cut at the flowering stage can be pollinated and maintained for about 8 weeks, long enough to produce viable seeds. For pollination, florets on male tillers are cut open and placed in a container with a similar number of pollen shedding male tillers. It was found that cut tillers could be maintained in the hydroponic system as long as certain precautions were met: (a) The tillers must be handled with care so as not to damage the flag leaf which must be maintained for as long as period possible. (b) The tillers have a nutrient requirement and a 20% solution showed the best results of the nutrient solutions tested. (c) The sterilizing effect of Jik at O.OS%gave excellent fungal control en helped to sustain the nutrient solution. (d) Although the treatment of tillers with hormones improved seed quality, it was not justified by the additional inputs required. Different selection strategies were used for male and female plants. At the onset of the recurrent selection programme in 1998, a total of 1881 plants were tested for seedling resistance and 597 plants were selected for use as parents and source material for 1999. In total 158 male sterile and 188 male fertile ears were used in the hydroponic pollination and a 63.47% seed set was obtained, resulting in 3410 seeds, forming the 1999 female component. One hundred and fifty seven F2:96K109plants were selected from a field grown population in 1998. These, together with 44 selections from a pedigree programme, formed the male component for 1999. In total 9564 plants were tested for seedling resistance during 1999. A total of 3230 resistant seedling were selected and planted. Again male fertile plants from the previous season were field planted and selected. The selected plants were subjected to mixograph testing. A total of 448 male sterile and 1020 male fertile ears were used for hydroponic pollination. Approximately 12000 seeds were harvested, the seed set being around 75%. The 157 F2:96K109 field selected plants (1999) and 64 selections from a pedigree programme formed the male component for 2000. Seedling resistance testing during 2000 included a total of 6465 plants and 2832 were selected and planted. The hydroponic system was improved during 2000 with new, larger capacity containers being used which improved cross pollination. In total 878 male sterile tillers and 1016 male fertile tillers were cut and intercrossed. In total 25380 seeds were harvested, the seed set being 81.7%. In an attempt to determine the amount of variation within the 157 F2-families selected during 1999, mixograph testing was performed. The data showed variation among families. Seedling resistance testing for leaf and stem rust was performed on the 1999 and 2000 FIs to determine the variation for resistance within the populations. Both populations showed high level of stem rust resistance but lower levels of leaf rust resistance (± 50%). Ms3 can thus be used in combination with hydroponic tiller culture to facilitate recurrent selection. Integration with an excisting pedigree selection programme is viable and requires little additional input. Some of the these results have already been published (Addendum D).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Herhalende seleksie word by kruisbestuiwers aangewend om die frekwensie voordelige allele te verhoog deur die opbreek van bestaande koppelingsblokke en vorming van nuwe geen-kombinasies. Hoewel uitstekende resultate m.b.V.herhalende seleksie reeds by koring verkry is, is die roetine aanwending egter beperk weens die gebrek aan effektiewe kruisbestuiwing van groot getalle plante. In China is "Taigu" genetiese manlike steriliteit, Ms2, egter met sukses aangewend vir die vestiging van 'n herhalende seleksieprogram vir landverboude koring. Die manlik-vrugbare plante word vir die bestuiwing van geselekteerde manlik-steriele plante aangewend (Huang et al., 1988). Nog 'n dominante manlike steriliteitsgeen, Ms3, is ontdek na EMS behandeling van sade afkomstig vanaf 'n alloplasmiese gewone koring met 'n Triticum tauschii sitoplasma (Maan et al., 1984) en is gesetelop chromosoom 5AS, 3 kaarteenhede vanaf die sentromeer (Maan et al., 1987). 'n Ondersoek na die frekwensie natuurlike kruisbestuiwing onder landtoestande (Welgevallen, 1999) het getoon dat onvolledige penetrasie van Ms3 lei tot ongeveer 5% selfbestuiwing en dat slegs twee-derdes van die saadset aan kruisbestuiwing toegeskryf kon word. Ms3 word wel stabiel uitgedruk onder normale glashuistemperature tydens blom nl. 16 - 25°C, maar onder warmer landtoestande, 21 - 35°C, is uitdrukking onstabiel met laer penetrasie van die geen (Maan et al., 1984). Die benutbaarheid van Ms3 onder landtoestande was dus onbevredigend. Die ondersoek na die oorsprong en ligging van 'n onbekende, manlike steriliteitsgeen (95K3) wat ontdek is in 'n roetine teelprogram het daarop gedui dat 'n enkellokus waarskynlik me ter sprake is nie, maar eerder chromosoom-abnormaliteite en geenwanbalanse. Die manlike steriliteit kan verband hou met 'n T urartu addisie chromosoom in die stamboom van hierdie bron. Ten einde kruisbestuiwing van 'n groot aantal plante te bewerkstellig, is 'n eenvoudige bestuiwersisteem ontwikkel gegrond op waterkultuurkweking van afgeknipte manlik-steriele (Ms3ms3), are. Manlik-steriele en manlik-vrugbare are is tydens blom geknip. Die manliksteriele are se blommetjies is oopgeknip en toegelaat om deur die manlik-vrugbare are bestuif te word. Die bestuifde manlik-steriele are (Ms3ms3) is hierna vir ongeveer 8 weke gelaat vir saadvorming. Afgeknipte are kan baie suksesvol in voedingsmedium onderhou word mits sekere eenvoudige voorsorgmaatreëls getref word, naamlik: (a) Die are moet met sorg hanteer word en die vlagblaar moet so lank as moontlik behou word. Are moet weekliks teruggeknip word ten einde verstopping en agteruitgang van vaatweefsel teen te werk. Die oorspronklik- afgeknipte halm is dus belangrik. (b) Die are toon 'n definitiewe voedingsbehoefte en 'n 20% voedingsoplossing was die beste van die oplossings wat getoets is. Die voedingsoplossing moet verkieslik weekliks vervang word wanneer are teruggeknip word. Op die tydstip behoort die houers met 'n steriliseringsmiddel gewas te word vir die verwydering van enige moontlike swamgroei aan die houers se wande. (c) Jik was die beter steriliseringsmiddel en het teen 0.05% toediening goeie swaminhibering bewerkstellig. (d) Hormone is nie in die roetinetoepassing gebruik nie aangesien die voordeel hiervan nie die ekstra insette regverdig nie. Verskillende strategieë is aangewend vir die seleksie van manlike en vroulike plante. Met die aanvang van die herhalende seleksieprogram in 1998 is 'n totaal van 1881 plante getoets vir roesweerstand en 597 geselekteer as bronmateriaal vir 1999. In totaal is 158 manliksteriele en 188 manlik-vrugbare are gebruik in die bestuiwersisteem vir die verkryging van die 1999 vroulike komponent. 'n Totaal van 3410 sade is verkry met 'n 63.47% saadset. Tesame met 157 F2:96KI09 landgeselekteerde plante is 44 seleksies vanuit 'n stamboom seleksieprogram gebruik as manlike komponent in 1999. Gedurende 1999 is 9564 plante getoets vir roesweerstand en 3230 geselekteer en geplant. Weereens het landseleksie plaasgevind. Die 157 seleksies is onderwerp aan miksograaf-toetsing. Vierhonderd agt- en - veertig manlik-steriele en 1020 manlik-vrugbare are is gebruik in die bestuiwersisteem. Ongeveer 12138 sade is geoes, teen 'n 75% saadset. Gedurende 2000 is die sade asook 64 seleksies uit 'n stamboom seleksieprogram aangewend as die manlike komponent. Roestoetsing is weereens in 2000 uitgevoer en 6465 plante is geïnokuleer waaruit 2832 plante geselekteer en geplant is. Die bestuiwersisteem is aangepas vir die hantering van groter aantalle are tydens 2000 en in totaal is 878 manlik-steriele are en 'n 1016 manlik-vrugbare are gebruik vir kruisbestuiwing. Die saadset is verhoog na 81.7% en 25380 sade is verkry. Om die hoeveelheid variasie binne die populasie te bepaal, is miksograaftoetsing op die 1999 F2-populasie uitgevoer. Die data het aangetoon dat groot hoeveelhede genetiese variasie beskikbaar is binne die populasie. Roestoetsing van die 1999- en 2000-bestuiwerpopulasies is ook uitgevoer om 'n indikasie te verkry van die verspreiding van weerstand teen blaar- en starnroes. Die blaamoes het 'n relatief lae vlak van weerstand getoon (± 50%) terwyl die stamroesweerstand baie hoë vlakke gehandhaaf het. Ms3 kan dus gebruik word om in kombinasie met waterkultuurkweking van gesnyde halms, 'n herhalende seleksieprogram van stapel te stuur. Integrasie met 'n bestaande stamboom seleksieprogram is ook moontlik en sal relatief min addisionele insette vereis. 'n Gedeelte van die werk is reeds gepubliseer en word hierbyaangeheg as Aanhangsel D.

This diploma thesis dealt with the influence of relative weir height of rectangular broad-crested weir on discharge coefficient. Based on the level measurement in front of weir for different heights of the weir P and discharges were determined values of discharge coefficient according h/P. These values were compared with the results of measurements and relationships, which are mentioned in the professional literature. In conclusion were derived new relationships that can be used to calculate the discharge coefficient relative to the overflow head.

Today, many different kinds of choirs exist – from traditional choirs, to project choirs and even virtual choirs. In Europe alone, choirs are part of 37 million people’s everyday life and there is an uprising in the use of digital artefacts among the choirs. However, there is still not a lot written about this cultural industry, even though humans have sung together for hundreds of years. Unlike other extensively investigated practices such as businesses, transportation, or even sports, we still know very little about how digitalization has impacted choirs, their practitioners and practice. Drawing on practice theory and concepts from research on digitalization, this study aims to expand the existing work about choir music by investigating how choir leaders use digital technology in their work to see how the digitalization effects choir music. During the course of the thesis COVID-19 had a massive impact on everything, including choirs. As a result, rapid choir digitalization arose, moving the impact of digital technologies on choir practices to the forefront. My study shows how digital technologies creates new opportunities and made choir practices more efficient - while the essence of choir music was pushed away by the technology.

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-169).
This dissertation examines the work of Harmony Korine with a particular focus on his use of realism as a disruptive critical tool. My study combines a theoretical and an analytical project. My aim is to defend Korine's works against charges of naive realism by revealing the limits of a structuralist approach to Korine's realism and arguing, instead, for the adoption of the phenomenologically grounded, realist criticism of Andre Bazin. I use Bazin' s observations about the referential or indexical relationship between the camera and the physical world and his definition of 'phenomenological realism' to argue for a privileged and fruitful relationship between Korine's realism and the physical or affective dimensions of the cinematic image. I supplement this discussion with a critical application of theories of affect forwarded by such theorists as Vivian Sobchack and Laura U. Marks, as well as theories of the grotesque. In addition, my thesis extends the links that Bazin draws between the restraint defining phenomenological realism and a productive ambiguity to argue that, rather than presenting an unsophisticated realist approach, Korine's realism operates as the primary critical tool in a confrontation with dominant sign systems and, ultimately, with the limitations of both verbal and filmic language.

Hugo a songe a "l'orient profond". Derriere la civilisation hugo a cherche le livre. Sa lecture du "koran" repondait a une exigence de verite ; aux mondes lointains, quelle forme etrange y revet l'etre universel ? les versets coraniques qui ont retenu son attention repondent a sa pensee ; ceux relevent la toute-puissance divine. La notion de dieu a laquelle aboutissent la plupart de ses themes fait la cohesion et l'unite de son oeuvre. Ayant la conviction que les croyances monotheistes se rejoignent en un seul dieu, celui des ecritures saintes, hugo etait sensible aux jugements favorables qui preparaient une alliance de tous les croyants
Adopting a deeper perspective, victor hugo continued after the orientales his reflections on the orient in his legende des siecles and dieu searching for the form that god takes in the orient, and comparing him to his own god conceived in all his works. Here he relied on the bible and the quran(in kasimirski's translation). Examining quranic extracts, one can notice his preoccupation with those aspects which indicate the greatness of god. Hugo's goal seems to have been the bringing together of all believers under one umbrella which is that of god the creator