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1

Helmut Kotz, Hans. "À Francfort: Krach ! Quel krach?" Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4671.

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2

Schneider, Guido. "Krach und Aufbruch." Media Spectrum 29, no. 12 (December 2009): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03250547.

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3

Horn, Steffen. ""Sach macht Krach"." Versicherungsmagazin 66, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 46–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35128-019-0170-9.

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4

Duval, Guillaume, Christian Chavagneux, and Sandra Moatti. "Après le krach." Alternatives Économiques 266, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.266.0030.

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5

Pech, Thierry, Sandra Moatti, Guillaume Duval, Laurent Jeanneau, and Manuel Domergue. "Le krach social." Alternatives Économiques N° 323, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.323.0007.

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6

BR. "Krach bei den Verbraucherschützern." Versicherungsmagazin 60, no. 5 (April 28, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35128-013-0137-1.

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7

Ehmann, Stefan, Stephan Köncke, and Lutz Lehmann. "Schluss mit dem Krach." Bautechnik 92, no. 3 (March 2015): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bate.201500011.

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8

Sigogne, Philippe, Jacques Adda, Véronique Riches, Richard Wind, Françoise Milewski, Véronique Przedborski, Alain Gubian, and Stéphane Corsaletti. "Le krach : avertissement sans frais." Revue de l'OFCE 23, no. 1 (1988): 5–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ofce.1988.1133.

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9

Baverez, Nicolas. "Le krach de la démocratie." Le Débat 203, no. 1 (2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/deba.203.0052.

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10

Jacquet, Pierre. "L'économie mondiale après le krach." Politique étrangère 52, no. 4 (1987): 851–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polit.1987.3716.

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11

Harrer, Ernst. "Kampf dem Krach am Arbeitsplatz." Bankmagazin 47, no. 9 (September 1998): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03228589.

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12

Adda, Jacques. "Marché obligataire, le prochain krach ?" Alternatives Économiques 282, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ae.282.0082.

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13

Giraud, Gaël. "Vers le "krach" des dettes publiques." Projet 323, no. 4 (2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pro.323.0079.

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14

Cicurel, Michel. "Analyse du krach : le rétroviseur embué." Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4653.

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15

Inamura, Koichi. "À Tokyo: Le krach ? Connais pas !" Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4670.

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16

Vollmer, Michael, and Klaus-Peter Möllmann. "Krach-bumm-peng - Böller und Tischfeuerwerke." Physik in unserer Zeit 46, no. 6 (November 2015): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/piuz.201590105.

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17

eo. "Weniger Krach im OP senkt Komplikationsrate." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 155, no. 19 (November 2013): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-013-2306-x.

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18

Saltiel, Jean-Pierre. "L'U.R.S.S au bord d'un krach financier." Commentaire Numéro 47, no. 3 (October 1, 1989): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/comm.047.0641.

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19

Raim, Laura. "Le krach de la pens�e �conomique." Revue du Crieur N�2, no. 2 (2015): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crieu.002.0064.

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20

Baretje, René. "Tourisme et loisirs : krach, consolidation ou expansion ?" Autres Temps. Les cahiers du christianisme social 18, no. 1 (1988): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/chris.1988.1219.

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21

Ravenel, Bernard. "L'alternative méditerranéenne à la spirale du krach." Confluences Méditerranée N°80, no. 1 (2012): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/come.080.0133.

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22

Cheval, Jean. "Les conséquences macro-économiques et financières du krach." Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4654.

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23

Johnson, Christopher. "À Londres : Le krach n'est qu'un revers tactique." Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 300–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4672.

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24

Boyer, Robert. "D'un krach boursier à l'autre, Irving Fisher revisité." Revue française d'économie 3, no. 3 (1988): 183–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfeco.1988.1189.

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25

Inamura, Koichi. "Trois mois après le krach, l'économie japonaise se porte bien." Revue d'économie financière 4, no. 1 (1988): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.5547.

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26

Niebert, Marcus, Claire Rogel-Gaillard, Patrick Chardon, and Ralf R. Tönjes. "Characterization of Chromosomally Assigned Replication-Competent Gamma Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Derived from a Large White Pig and Expression in Human Cells." Journal of Virology 76, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 2714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.6.2714-2720.2002.

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ABSTRACT Vertically transmitted endogenous retroviruses pose an infectious risk in the course of pig-to-human transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs. Two classes of polytropic type C porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) productively infect human cells in vitro. The cloning and characterization of replication-competent PERV-B sequences from infected human cells (F. Czauderna, N. Fischer, K. Boller, R. Kurth, and R. R. Tönjes, J. Virol. 74:4028-4038, 2000) as well as the cloning of functional PERV-A and -B sequences from porcine cell line PK15 (U. Krach, N. Fischer, F. Czauderna, and R. R. Tönjes, J. Virol. 75:5465-5472, 2001) have been previously described. Here we report the isolation of four full-length proviral sequences from a porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library that comprises chromosomally assigned PERV. Clones Bac-PERV-A(130A12) and Bac-PERV-A(151B10) map to pig chromosome 1 and demonstrate close homology to PK15-PERV-A(58) in env and to PERV-MSL in long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, and pro/pol sequences. Clone Bac-PERV-A(463H12) is located on pig chromosome 3 and demonstrates close homology to PK15-PERV-A(58) in env and to 293-PERV-B(43) in LTR, gag, and pro/pol (Czauderna et al.; R. R. Tönjes, F. Czauderna, N. Fischer, U. Krach, K. Boller, P. Chardon, C. Rogel-Gailard, M. Niebert, G. Scheef, A. Werner, and R. Kurth, Transplant Proc. 32:1158-1161, 2000). Clone Bac-PERV-B(192B9) is located on pig chromosome 7 in the swine leukocyte antigen region and is highly homologous with but distinct from the previously described functional clone 293-PERV-B(43) and bears the number of repeats initially observed in the LTRs of clone 293-PERV-A(42) (Czauderna et al.; Krach et al.). Clones Bac-PERV-A(130A12), Bac-PERV-A(151B10), and Bac-PERV-A(463H12) were replication competent upon transfection into susceptible 293 and HeLa cells. Bac-PERV-B(192B9), however, bears two stop codons in pro/pol preventing this clone from being replication competent in some individual pigs, but initial screenings indicate that this provirus might be intact in others. The data suggest that the porcine genome harbors a limited number of infectious PERV sequences, allowing for specific screening in different pig breeds.
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27

Distler, Catherine. "Réseaux globaux et marchés financiers : les leçons du krach de 1987." Quaderni 12, no. 1 (1990): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/quad.1990.1915.

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28

Jacquillat, Bertrand. "Les outils modernes de gestion et le krach boursier d'octobre 1987." Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4644.

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29

Lefèbvre, Bruno, and Michel Mouillart. "Le secteur du logement et son financement : après le krach boursier." Revue d'économie financière 5, no. 2 (1988): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecofi.1988.4657.

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30

Padis, Marc-Olivier. "Après le krach et avant Copenhague : de quelle « reprise » parle-t-on ?" Esprit Décembre, no. 12 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/espri.912.0051.

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31

Lukasiewicz, Mariusz. "Bourses, banks, and Boers: Johannesburg’s French connections and the Paris Krach of 1895." Economic History of Developing Regions 36, no. 2 (March 9, 2021): 124–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2021.1882298.

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32

Wierzbowski, Andrzej, Michał Świder, Monika Krzeczyńska, and Wojciech Szczygieł. "Nowe odkrycie w krach mezozoicznych w okolicach Łukowa i jego znaczenie dla promocji geoturystycznej regionu." Przegląd Geologiczny 66, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7306/2018.13.

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33

Kowalski, Damian. "Neoliberalizm szkoły chicagowskiej a kryzys gospodarczy XXI wieku w Stanach Zjednoczonych." Catallaxy 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2019): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/cxy.2019.009.

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Motywacja: Krach na amerykańskim rynku finansowym w 2008 roku zapoczątkował kryzys o charakterze globalnym. Rozpoczęła się poważna debata nad jego przyczynami, a w niej pojawiają się głosy o istotnej roli neoliberalnych założeń nurtu chicagowskiego, postrzeganego jako koncepcja ekonomiczna i ideologia dotykająca szeroko rozumianej sfery polityczno-społecznej. Chęć przedstawienia takiej krytycznej oceny stanowiła bezpośrednią przyczynę podjęcia niniejszego tematu. Cel: Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie potencjalnego wpływu neoliberalizmu szkoły chicagowskiej oraz polityki gospodarczej państwa, prowadzonej na gruncie tej doktryny na kryzys gospodarczy 2008+ w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano metodę krytycznej analizy literatury z zakresu teorii kryzysów gospodarczych, neoliberalizmu, neoliberalizmu szkoły chicagowskiej oraz kryzysu XXI wieku. Wyniki: Ze względu na rozbieżności, trudno jednoznacznie wskazać, czy i w jakim stopniu neoliberalizm nurtu chicagowskiego i polityka gospodarcza państwa, prowadzona na gruncie tej doktryny przyczyniły się do kryzysu gospodarczego 2008+. Ze względu na wyraźnie przeważające głosy przeciwników tej doktryny i ich refleksje, można stwierdzić istnienie takiego wpływu.
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34

Schubert, Werner. "Tillmann Krach, Jüdische Rechtsanwälte in Preußen. Über die Bedeutung der freien Advokatur und ihre Zerstörung durch den Nationalsozialismus." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 109, no. 1 (August 1, 1992): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.1992.109.1.545.

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35

Scheef, Gregor, Nicole Fischer, Egbert Flory, Isabel Schmitt, and Ralf R. Tönjes. "Transcriptional Regulation of Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses Released from Porcine and Infected Human Cells by Heterotrimeric Protein Complex NF-Y and Impact of Immunosuppressive Drugs." Journal of Virology 76, no. 24 (December 15, 2002): 12553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.24.12553-12563.2002.

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ABSTRACT Recent studies revealed a significant promoter activity of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) long terminal repeats (LTRs) in different human and mammalian cell lines, which is mediated by a 39-bp repeat located in the U3 region in different numbers, representing an enhancer (G. Scheef, N. Fischer, U. Krach, and R. R. Tönjes, J. Virol. 75:6933-6940, 2001). A statistical transcription factor analysis revealed putative binding sites for the CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y inside the 39-bp repeat. Specific binding of NF-Y to the repeat sequence was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and supershift assays with specific antibodies directed against the three subunits of NF-Y. To identify further transcription-regulating elements, genetically modified LTRs lacking the repeat box, U3, R, or U5 were investigated. The results indicated a strong inhibitory element in the R region, as the deletion of R caused a significantly increased promoter activity. Since PERV might play a potential role in the application of xenogeneic cell therapy and xenotransplantation techniques, we have investigated whether immunosuppressive drugs that are routinely used in transplantation medicine have an impact on the promoter activity. Neither cyclosporine nor prednisolone had any influence on the promoter strength of the PERV LTRs. By performing a real-time PCR we were able to compare the proviral loads of porcine and infected human cells as well as the amount of released virions, which revealed a direct link between LTR activity and the number of released retroviruses.
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36

Bensafta, Kamel Malik, and Gervasio Semedo. "De la transmission de la volatilité à la contagion entre marchés boursiers : l’éclairage d’un modèle VAR non linéaire avec bris structurels en variance." Articles 85, no. 1 (May 18, 2010): 13–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039734ar.

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Résumé Nous développons dans cet article une modélisation vectorielle autorégressive non linéaire pour l’étude des interdépendances entre les marchés boursiers. Parmi les innovations de ce travail, nous introduisons un bris structurel dans la matrice des variances-covariances conditionnelle d’un processus GARCH multivarié. Dans cet ordre d’idée, nous considérons une spécification BEKK de cette matrice augmentée avec des régresseurs de transmission des chocs de volatilité entre les marchés. L’objectif de cette modification est de répondre à plusieurs biais importants dans la mesure des volatilités et des corrélations entre les marchés : d’une part, le biais de surestimation de la persistance des chocs de volatilité; d’autre part, les biais d’hétéroscédasticité et de variables omises dans la mesure des corrélations. Nous considérons ici un échantillon de 11 marchés boursiers d’Europe, d’Amérique du Nord et d’Asie avec des données hebdomadaires des indices les plus larges entre 1985 et 2006. Plusieurs résultats intéressants sont obtenus avec cette modélisation : la réduction de la persistance des chocs de volatilité; l’évidence d’une transmission des prix et des incertitudes du marché américain vers les marchés européens et asiatiques; l’existence de phénomène de transmission régionale en Europe et en Asie; mis à part le krach américain d’octobre 1987, toutes les crises ne sont pas systématiquement contagieuses. Au final, il n’est pas évident que la libéralisation financière isole les marchés des crises financières diverses, bien que l’intégration soit un vecteur d’efficience des marchés. Les crises et le phénomène de contagion en période de crise peuvent être considérés comme des processus de rééquilibrage des marchés qui doivent être encadrés, régulés et supervisés.
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37

Köbler, Gerhard. "„... fühlte ich mich durchaus als Deutscher ...“ - das Schicksal der Mainzer Anwälte jüdischer Herkunft nach 1933, hg. v. d. Rechtsanwaltskammer Koblenz, bearb. v. Krach, Tillmann." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 127, no. 1 (August 1, 2010): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.2010.127.1.901.

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38

Kriuchkov, H. H. "Graphic hybridization of modern French vocabulary." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 36 (2019): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2019.36.06.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of American borrowings in French of the 21st century. Americanisms in French keep their graphic form and change French orthography, its principles and system. All spheres of social being are borrowing from American English. In the field of food the French vocabulary has borrowed from American English snack-bar, brunch, fast-food, pop-corn, hot-dog, cocktail, coca-cola. In some words the orthography is simple, based on phonetical principles. In the case of bar, fast, pop, corn, dog, coca, cola there is no problems to write or to read these words. But other substantives have brought specific orthograms (ck, un, op, h, ail) and modify the French graphic inventory: snack, brunch, food, hot, cocktail. The cultural sphere has received many units from American English: hip-hop, rock-and-roll, rock`n`roll, hard rock, heavy metal, jazz rock, punk rock, grunge. Some americanisms enrich French graphic with digrams ck, ea, zz, un or aphonograms (h), apostrophe (rock`n`roll) etc. Borrowed americanisms with English orthography can create homophone series in french: crack (cocaine) – crac! (crac!) – crack (crack) – crack (favorite trotter) – craque, craques, craquent (verb "to crack") – craque (fib) – krach (crash failure) – krak (castle). Barrowed orthograms complicate French graphic. They have no new phonems but add superfluous graphems in French inventory. Etymological orthograms reproduce the linguocultural traditions of language. They shape the high graphostyle of language and please young people who loves to use Anglicisms and Americanisms with authentic orthography. Graphic features of English loan-words result into hybridization of French vocabulary, complicate orthography, extend the linguocultural domain and insure the ethnosociolinguistical loyalty of both languages and cultures.
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39

Perarnau, Swann, and Guillaume Huard. "KRASH." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 45, no. 5 (May 2010): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1837853.1693497.

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40

Chopyk, Dan B., and Luk'ian Karyĭ. "Krakh." World Literature Today 60, no. 2 (1986): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141827.

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41

 . "Kracht." Huisarts en Wetenschap 53, no. 8 (August 2010): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03089242.

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42

Arslan, Aydan, Nurdemet Demirel, and Peter Hendriks. "Kracht." Maatwerk 16, no. 1 (February 2015): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12459-015-0005-7.

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43

Kalsbeek, Ella. "Eigen kracht." Jeugd en Co 7, no. 6 (December 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12449-013-0110-0.

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44

van den Braak, Joost. "Eigen kracht." Jeugd en Co 9, no. 5 (October 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12449-015-0086-z.

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45

van Heijst, Marjolie. "Verborgen kracht." Psychopraktijk 7, no. 3 (June 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13170-015-0048-2.

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46

van Waarde, Hugo. "Stille kracht." Denkbeeld 32, no. 6 (December 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12428-020-0841-7.

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47

van Beelen, Adri. "Stuwende kracht." Bijzijn XL 9, no. 9 (November 2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12632-016-0080-6.

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48

van Beek, Aukje. "Eigen kracht?" Tijdschrift voor praktijkondersteuning 8, no. 6 (December 2013): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12503-013-0094-5.

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49

van Aken, Ineke. "Leer-kracht." Onderwijs en gezondheidszorg 32, no. 6 (June 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03077329.

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50

Mayer-Maly, Theo. "I. Horst Göppinger, Juristen jüdischer Abstammung im „Dritten Reich", 2. Aufl. II. Tillmann Krach, Jüdische Rechtsanwälte in Preußen. III. Deutsche Juristen jüdischer Herkunft, hg. von Helmut Heinrichs, Harald Franzki, Klaus Schmalz und Michael Stolleis." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 112, no. 1 (August 1, 1995): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/zrgga.1995.112.1.667.

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