Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kristallzüchtung'
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Nacke, Claudia. "Kristallzüchtung eisenbasierter Pniktidverbindungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100323.
Full textLantzsch, Ronny. "VGF-Kristallzüchtung unter dem Einfluss externer Magnetfelder." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-7534330.
Full textAead, Aeman. "Konstruktionsprinzipien für Mehrzonen-Öfen zur Kristallzüchtung unter Mikrogravitations-Bedingungen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-2928375.
Full textBoschert, Stefan Hermann [Verfasser]. "Numerische Simulation zeitabhängiger Wachstumsprozesse bei der Kristallzüchtung aus metallischen Lösungen." Freiburg : Universität, 2000. http://d-nb.info/1119805163/34.
Full textNiemietz, Kathrin. "Untersuchung zur elektromagnetischen Strömungskontrolle mittels externer Magnetfelder bei der VGF-Kristallzüchtung." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-129939.
Full textNacke, Claudia [Verfasser], Sabine [Akademischer Betreuer] Wurmehl, Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Büchner, and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Skrotzki. "Kristallzüchtung eisenbasierter Pniktidverbindungen / Claudia Nacke. Gutachter: Bernd Büchner ; Werner Skrotzki. Betreuer: Sabine Wurmehl." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067733353/34.
Full textHeimann, Paul [Verfasser], and Albrecht [Akademischer Betreuer] Winnacker. "Keimherstellung für die Aluminiumnitrid-Kristallzüchtung anhand des PVT-Verfahrens / Paul Heimann. Betreuer: Albrecht Winnacker." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019250704/34.
Full textWunderwald, Ulrike. "Beeinflussung des Wärme- und Stofftransports bei der Vertical Gradient Freeze-Kristallzüchtung durch ein rotierendes Magnetfeld." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-7942462.
Full textNiemietz, Kathrin [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Stelter, Michael [Gutachter] Stelter, and Peter [Gutachter] Wellmann. "Untersuchung zur elektromagnetischen Strömungskontrolle mittels externer Magnetfelder bei der VGF-Kristallzüchtung / Kathrin Niemietz ; Gutachter: Michael Stelter, Peter Wellmann ; Betreuer: Michael Stelter." Freiberg : Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://d-nb.info/1220911720/34.
Full textBünger, Thomas. "Ein Beitrag zur Kohlenstoffkontrolle bei der VGF-Züchtung von semi-isolierenden GaAs-Kristallen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:105-1652461.
Full textWizent, Nadja. "Hochdruckkristallzüchtung ausgewählter Oxidverbindungen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-24790.
Full textOmar, Ahmad. "Disentangling the Intrinsic Attributes and the Physical Properties in Cobalt-based Quaternary Heusler Compounds." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199751.
Full textMaier, Dirk. "Segregation effects in single-crystal fibers grown by the micro-pulling-down method." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15979.
Full textWithin this study segregations, which occur during micro-pulling-down growth of single-crystal fibers of oxide solid solutions, have been analyzed in an experimental and theoretical manner. Single-crystal fibers of high melting point oxide solid solutions with different equilibrium distribution coefficient have been grown. It has been shown, that the dopant distribution depends on the equilibrium distribution coefficient of the dopant, the pulling speed, the oxygen partial pressure of the growth atmosphere and the meniscus height. An analytical and a numerical model have been established to describe the segregation process. A theoretical model based on irreversible thermodynamics to calculate the thermodiffusion factors using the enthalpy and entropy was derived. Also mechanical stresses induced by the segregation have been analyzed. LiYF4 has been grown successfully. In this case the necessity of a very high purity atmosphere and source material in terms of water and oxygen trace impurities has been shown.
Bellmann, Martin. "Optimierung des Wärme- und Stofftransports bei der Kristallisation aus Halbleiterschmelzen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-5599894.
Full textMöckel, Robert. "Growth and properties of GdCa4O(BO3)3 single crystals." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-90095.
Full textIn a series of 18 growth experiments, GdCa4O(BO3)3 (GdCOB) single crystals were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. They have a well-ordered structure, as revealed by single crystal structure analysis. Although the main growth direction was along the crystallographic b-axis, some experiments were conducted using the cdirection. Pulling velocities were varied between 1 and 3mm/h. Except for a few crystals with cracks or elongated "silk-like" inclusions consisting of multiphase impurities, most of the obtained crystals are of good quality. Those inclusions contain iridium, deriving from the crucible, P and Yb with unclear source, and other phases from the system Gd2O3–B2O3–CaO. Thermal expansion coefficients of GdCOB were determined in the directions of the crystallographic axes and found to be approximately linear in two temperature ranges: from 25° C to around 850° C, and from 850 to 1200° C, with the latter range showing significantly higher coefficients (below 850° C: alpha_a=11.1, alpha_b=8.6, alpha_c=13.3 10^-6/K, and above 850° C: alpha_a=14.1, alpha_b=11.7, alpha_c=17.8 x10^-6/K). This sudden increase of thermal expansion coefficients indicates a phase transition of higher order. An order-disorder transition in form of the rotation of BO3-triangles in the structure was made tentatively responsible for this transition, as revealed by HT-Raman spectroscopy. This transition was also detected by DSC-methods but appeared to result in very weak effects. Although the material is thought to represent a promising candidate for high temperature piezoelectric applications (noncentrosymmetric space group Cm), this effect of change in specification has not been described and it is unknown whether it has influence on the piezoelectric properties. Furthermore, this characteristic behaviour in combination with anisotropic coefficients may be the reason for the development of cracks during cooling of crystals, making the growth difficult. Spectroscopic investigation revealed a wide transparency range from 340 to 2500nm (29 400–4000 cm^-1) of GdCOB, which is a very important property for optical applications
Lukin, Gleb. "Entwicklung einer Hochtemperatur-Gasphasenepitaxie (HTVPE) für die Herstellung von GaN." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-235030.
Full textKok, Dirk Johannes. "Influence of the growth conditions on the optical properties of SrTiO3." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17722.
Full textStrontium titanate (SrTiO3) is an important epitaxy substrate material which is an essential component in almost all oxide based two-dimensional free electron gas systems. These systems offer many potential applications, but are very sensitive to dislocations in the substrate and their full potential cannot be reached with the commercially available material. To improve crystal quality, alternative growth methods are necessary and to find these, knowledge about the temperature dependent material properties is crucial. For many oxides, high-quality crystals can be produced by using the Czochralski method. For this method, a sufficiently high heat transport through the growing crystal is highly important. Very low heat transport will lead to unstable growth, often resulting in spiraling. Because SrTiO3 has a very high melting point of about 2350 K, radiative heat transport dominates. High temperature IR-spectra show that free charge carriers cause the low radiative heat transport. Temperature dependent UV/VIS spectra show that the band gap shifts strongly with temperature, causing the high free carrier concentration. Since the IR absorption depends heavily on the temperature, growth at lower temperatures is easier to control. This is possible using top seeded solution growth (TSSG). Many of the crystals produced by the growth methods investigated here show strong colorations. The dependence of the color on the growth atmosphere was investigated. Atmospheres with a low oxygen concentration led to blue/black conducting crystals and a high oxygen concentration led to brownish crystals. With the correct oxygen concentration, colorless crystals can be grown. The brown coloration in nearly stoichiometric TSSG crystals was found to be due to light scattering at nanometer sized voids in the crystals. These nano-voids are probably formed by the combination of vacancies.
Langheinrich, Denise. "Das Vertical Gradient Freeze-Verfahren ohne Tiegelkontakt." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-83294.
Full textBitterlich, Holger. "Züchtung und physikalische Eigenschaften von Seltenerd-Übergangsmetall-Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-994670019875-41192.
Full textIn this thesis investigations of the intermetallic compounds TbxY1-xNi2B2C, TbxEr1-xNi2B2C, Tb2PdSi3 and Dy2PdSi3 are presented. These compounds exhibit interesting physical phenomena caused by the interaction of the rare earth (RE) magnetic moments on the conduction electrons. Moreover, contributions on the constitution of the alloy systems, basic investigations of crystal growth process, homogeneity, microstructure and physical properties (superconductivity, magnetism) of the crystals are given. The quasi-binary sections of the Tb-(Y, Er)-Ni-B-C and Tb(Dy)-Pd-Si-phase diagrams which are relevant for the crystallisation of the different intermetallic phases have been determined for the first time. They were utilised for optimisation of the process parameters of single crystal growth by floating-zone melting. Because of the different solidification modes of RENi2B2C (peritectic solidification) and RE2PdSi3 (congruent solidification) different growth velocities have been employed in crystal growth. The composition and the physical properties (Tc, Tn, RRR) have been investigated as function of the crystal axis co-ordinate. As these properties show only a slight shift over the crystal length samples are representative for the whole crystal. From the slight composition shift over the crystal length a process model of the floating zone growth has been developed utilising the in-situ measurements of the zone-temperature. The correlation of magnetic and superconducting properties of the borocarbide solid solution compounds are mainly governed by the RE-fraction but they are also influenced by the concentration of the other elements. For TbxY1-xNi2B2C single crystals an anisotropic upper critical field of superconductivity has been detected which is induced by the magnetic Tb-ions. The investigations of Tb2PdSi3 and Dy2PdSi3 revealed an anisotropy of the magnetoresistive properties
Glacki, Alexander. "VGF growth of 4” GaAs single crystals with traveling magnetic fields." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17028.
Full textWithin the framework of this thesis Si-doped and undoped 4” VGF-GaAs single crystals were grown under the influence of traveling magnetic fields (TMF). A KRISTMAG heater-magnet module (HMM) was used for the efficient simultaneous generation of heat and TMF during the process through a combination of DC and AC control. Growth experiments were carried out in a commercial VGF growth setup equipped with a single-crucible HMM and a newly designed VGF setup with a multi-crucible HMM. The impact of the Lorentz force driven melt flow on the shape of the solid-liquid interface was analyzed in a TMF parameter study on frequency, phase shift, and current. With the application of suitable double-frequency TMF during growth, the interface deflection was reduced by about 30% and crucible contact angles increased within the order of 10%, compared to reference crystals grown without TMF. Synergy effects of TMF application on process intensification approaches scale-up, speed-up, and numbering-up were successfully shown. Two 4” VGF-GaAs:Si single crystals were simultaneously grown under the influence of a TMF in the multi-crucible HMM. With TMF application changing structural and electronic properties as well as micro- and macrosegregation were investigated on Si-doped VGF-GaAs single crystals. Striations were observed in crystals grown without or too strong TMF. Almost no micro-inhomogeneities were detected when the magnetic flux densities of the TMF were matched to the progression of solidification. Facets lengths in the crystal cone were found to be more stable with applied TMF. Further, the combined optimization of the conventional thermal setup and a reduction of the interface deflection with TMF application significantly reduced dislocation densities inside the crystals. An average EPD value around 100 cm-2 was obtained for GaAs:Si growth with a growth-matched double-frequency TMF and applied BN susceptor in the single-crucible VGF setup.
Kappenberger, Rhea. "Das System LaFeAsO in Poly- und Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-235308.
Full textDadzis, Kaspars. "Modeling of directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon in a traveling magnetic field." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-117492.
Full textBitterlich, Holger. "Züchtung und physikalische Eigenschaften von Seltenerd-Übergangsmetall-Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24752.
Full textIn this thesis investigations of the intermetallic compounds TbxY1-xNi2B2C, TbxEr1-xNi2B2C, Tb2PdSi3 and Dy2PdSi3 are presented. These compounds exhibit interesting physical phenomena caused by the interaction of the rare earth (RE) magnetic moments on the conduction electrons. Moreover, contributions on the constitution of the alloy systems, basic investigations of crystal growth process, homogeneity, microstructure and physical properties (superconductivity, magnetism) of the crystals are given. The quasi-binary sections of the Tb-(Y, Er)-Ni-B-C and Tb(Dy)-Pd-Si-phase diagrams which are relevant for the crystallisation of the different intermetallic phases have been determined for the first time. They were utilised for optimisation of the process parameters of single crystal growth by floating-zone melting. Because of the different solidification modes of RENi2B2C (peritectic solidification) and RE2PdSi3 (congruent solidification) different growth velocities have been employed in crystal growth. The composition and the physical properties (Tc, Tn, RRR) have been investigated as function of the crystal axis co-ordinate. As these properties show only a slight shift over the crystal length samples are representative for the whole crystal. From the slight composition shift over the crystal length a process model of the floating zone growth has been developed utilising the in-situ measurements of the zone-temperature. The correlation of magnetic and superconducting properties of the borocarbide solid solution compounds are mainly governed by the RE-fraction but they are also influenced by the concentration of the other elements. For TbxY1-xNi2B2C single crystals an anisotropic upper critical field of superconductivity has been detected which is induced by the magnetic Tb-ions. The investigations of Tb2PdSi3 and Dy2PdSi3 revealed an anisotropy of the magnetoresistive properties.
Reuther, Christoph. "Züchtung und Charakterisierung von Sr3Gd2[BO3]4-Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-115924.
Full textSouptel, Dmitri. "Crystal growth and perfection of selected intermetallic and oxide compounds." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973879408.
Full textSouptel, Dmitri. "Crystal growth and perfection of selected intermetallic and oxide compounds." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24461.
Full textKachel, Krzysztof Kamil. "Pseudo halide vapor phase epitaxy growth of GaN crystals." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17170.
Full textWithin the frame of this work the pseudo halide vapor phase epitaxy process (PHVPE) was developed for GaN crystals growth. The process is based on cyanide as a transport agent for Ga. The source of HCN was the reaction of hot NH3 with either graphite or gaseous carbon precursor. Source of reactive nitrogen was NH3. In the first approach the reactor made of graphite was used. In this case growth rate of 60 um/h was achieved. Additionally, the crystals exhibit poor quality with high V-pit density. The second approach was to provide the reactor with pyrolytical boron nitride covered parts. Changing the concept helped to improve the crystals'' quality but simultaneously reduced drastically the growth rate, due to the lack of sufficient supply of Ga transport agent. Newly designed graphite free setup is used in the third approach for PHVPE. In this case, HCN forms during Degussa process on Pt catalyst, inside the growth reactor. For investigation of the reaction paths, an in-situ exhaust gas measurement system based on FTIR was developed. GaN crystals were grown on sapphire and Ga2O3 substrates, AlN/Al2O3 and GaN/Al2O3 templates. Self separation was achieved for thick GaN crystals grown on Ga2O3. The samples were characterized by various methods i.e. x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and electron back scattering diffraction EBSD for crystal quality and crystallographic orientation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for investigating dislocations and interface between GaN and Ga2O3, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for surface morphology and layer thickness, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) for crystals compositions, ex-situ and in-situ exhaust gas analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for investigation of the reaction paths.
Armbrüster, Marc. "Bindungsmodelle für intermetallische Verbindungen mit der Struktur des CuAl2-Typs." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1107183440618-33817.
Full textBeckstein, Pascal. "Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-232474.
Full textBüllesfeld, Frank [Verfasser]. "Kristallzüchtung von La1-xSrxMnO3 / von Frank Büllesfeld." 2001. http://d-nb.info/961538260/34.
Full textAead, Aeman. "Konstruktionsprinzipien für Mehrzonen-Öfen zur Kristallzüchtung unter Mikrogravitations-Bedingungen." Doctoral thesis, 2004. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22465.
Full textLantzsch, Ronny [Verfasser]. "VGF-Kristallzüchtung unter dem Einfluss externer Magnetfelder / von Ronny Lantzsch." 2009. http://d-nb.info/993918786/34.
Full textAead, Aeman [Verfasser]. "Konstruktionsprinzipien für Mehrzonen-Öfen zur Kristallzüchtung unter Mikrogravitations- Bedingungen / vorgelegt von Aeman Aead." 2004. http://d-nb.info/97192838X/34.
Full textKerat, Uwe [Verfasser]. "Einfluss von vibrationsinduzierter Konvektion auf die Kristallzüchtung aus der Schmelze / vorgelegt von Uwe Kerat." 2003. http://d-nb.info/96613835X/34.
Full textWunderwald, Ulrike. "Beeinflussung des Wärme- und Stofftransports bei der Vertical Gradient Freeze-Kristallzüchtung durch ein rotierendes Magnetfeld." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22679.
Full textWunderwald, Ulrike [Verfasser]. "Beeinflussung des Wärme- und Stofftransports bei der Vertical-gradient-freeze-Kristallzüchtung durch ein rotierendes Magnetfeld / von Ulrike Wunderwald." 2006. http://d-nb.info/983755167/34.
Full textPodlojenov, Serguei [Verfasser]. "Beiträge zur Kristallzüchtung und Charakterisierung der ferroelektrischen tetragonalen Wolframbronze Kalium-Lithium-Niobat (K3Li2Nb5O15-KLN) / vorgelegt von Serguei Podlojenov." 2003. http://d-nb.info/968598072/34.
Full textAigner, Maria-Louisa [Verfasser]. "Einfluß eines elektrischen Stroms auf die Phasenbildung und Kristallzüchtung von YBa2 Cu3O7-x aus dem Ba-Cu-O-Flux / vorgelegt von Maria-Louisa Aigner." 2001. http://d-nb.info/965517284/34.
Full textBünger, Thomas. "Ein Beitrag zur Kohlenstoffkontrolle bei der VGF-Züchtung von semi-isolierenden GaAs-Kristallen." Doctoral thesis, 2005. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22548.
Full textOmar, Ahmad. "Disentangling the Intrinsic Attributes and the Physical Properties in Cobalt-based Quaternary Heusler Compounds." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29321.
Full textBellmann, Martin. "Optimierung des Wärme- und Stofftransports bei der Kristallisation aus Halbleiterschmelzen." Doctoral thesis, 2007. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22581.
Full textLukin, Gleb. "Entwicklung einer Hochtemperatur-Gasphasenepitaxie (HTVPE) für die Herstellung von GaN." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23215.
Full textLangheinrich, Denise. "Das Vertical Gradient Freeze-Verfahren ohne Tiegelkontakt." Doctoral thesis, 2011. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22798.
Full textKappenberger, Rhea. "Das System LaFeAsO in Poly- und Einkristallen." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30963.
Full textDadzis, Kaspars. "Modeling of directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon in a traveling magnetic field." Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22862.
Full textSelter, Sebastian. "Crystal Growth, Structure and Anisotropic Magnetic Properties of Quasi-2D Materials." 2021. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A75161.
Full textIn dieser Arbeit werden die Kristallzüchtung sowie strukturelle und magnetische Untersuchungen an mehreren Metalltrichalkogenid-Verbindungen mit der allgemeinen Summenformel M2X2Ch6 vorgestellt. M steht für ein Hauptgruppen- oder Übergangsmetall, X ist ein Element der IV- oder V-Hauptgruppe und Ch ein Chalkogen. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei diesen Verbindungen um die Phosphorsulfide Fe2P2S6, Ni2P2S6 sowie um Verbindungen der Substitutionsreihe (Fe1-xNix)2P2S6, die quaternären Phosphorsulfide CuCrP2S6 und AgCrP2S6 sowie die Germaniumtelluride Cr2Ge2Te6 und In2Ge2Te6. Als Mitglieder der Metalltrichalkogenide haben alle diese Verbindungen eine van-der-Waals-Schichtstruktur mit Honigwabenmotiv gemein. Diese Schichtstruktur in Kombination mit ihren magnetischen Eigenschaften macht diese Verbindungen zu interessanten Kandidaten für die Herstellung von magnetischen Monolagen durch Exfoliation aus Volumenkristallen. Kristalle der Phosphorsulfide wurden mit der chemischen Dampfphasentransporttechnik gezüchtet und für die Züchtung der Germaniumtelluride wurde die Selbstflusstechnik verwendet. Die Kristalle aller Phasen wurden sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Morphologie, chemischen Zusammensetzung und Homogenität als auch hinsichtlich ihrer Kristallstruktur umfassend charakterisiert. Die Strukturanalyse, insbesondere für Ni2P2S6, gibt Aufschluss über Details der Stapelordnung und -unordnung der entsprechenden quasizweidimensionalen Schichten im Volumen. Bezüglich der magnetischen Eigenschaften ordnen sowohl Fe2P2S6 als auch Ni2P2S6 antiferromagnetisch, zeigen aber unterschiedliche magnetische Anisotropien (d.h. Ising-artige Anisotropie für Fe2P2S6 und XYZ-Anisotropie für Ni2P2S6). In diesem Zusammenhang ist es überraschend, dass Verbindungen im Mischkristallregime von (Fe1-xNix)2P2S6 bis x = 0.9 ein anisotropes magnetisches Verhalten zeigen, das mit dem von Fe2P2S6 vergleichbar ist und daher auf Ising-artige Anisotropie hindeutet. Bei CuCrP2S6 und AgCrP2S6 führt die Anordnung der beiden unterschiedlichen Übergangselemente auf den Gitterplätzen der Wabenstruktur zu komplexeren magnetischen Strukturen. Die magnetischen Cr3+ Atome in CuCrP2S6 ordnen sich in einer Dreiecksanordnung an und bilden einen antiferromagnetischen Grundzustand mit ausgeprägten ferromagnetischen Wechselwirkungen. AgCrP2S6 weist deutliche Merkmale von niederdimensionalem Magnetismus auf, welche aus der (quasi-)eindimensionalen, streifenartigen Anordnung der magnetischen Cr3+ Atome resultieren, und das Einsetzen von langreichweitiger magnetischer Ordnung kann nicht eindeutig beobachtet werden. Cr2Ge2Te6 weist ferromagnetische Ordnung und einen anisotropen Verlauf der Temperaturabhängigkeit der Magnetisierung auf. Anhand von magnetischen Phasendiagrammen für zwei Orientierungen zwischen Magnetfeld und kristallographischen Richtungen wurden die Temperaturabhängigkeit der magnetokristallinen Anisotropiekonstante sowie die kritischen Exponenten des magnetischen Phasenübergangs extrahiert. Hieraus ergibt sich, dass die magnetischen Wechselwirkungen in Cr2Ge2Te6 überwiegend zweidimensionaler Natur sind und die Anisotropie uniaxial ist, wobei der zuvor erwähnte anisotrope Verlauf aus dem Zusammenspiel von magnetokristalliner Anisotropie, Magnetfeld und Temperatur resultiert. In2Ge2Te6 ist diamagnetisch, wie es für ein System mit geschlossener Schale zu erwarten ist. Zusätzlich zu den Untersuchungen an Einkristallen wurde das quasibinäre Phasendiagramm von (Cu1-xAgx)CrP2S6 anhand von polykristallinen Proben auf Bereiche mit Mischkristallverhalten hin untersucht. Folglich ist eine isostrukturelle Substitution höchstwahrscheinlich im Zusammensetzungsbereich von (Cu0.25Ag0.75)CrP2S6 bis AgCrP2S6 möglich, was es erlauben könnte, die magnetischen Wechselwirkungen des Cr-Untergitters indirekt durch Substitution auf dem Cu/Ag-Untergitter zu beeinflussen.:1. Introduction 1.1. M2X2Ch6 Class of Materials 1.2. Magnetism in Solid State Materials 1.2.1. Diamagnetism 1.2.2. Paramagnetism 1.2.3. Cooperative Magnetism 1.2.4. Magnetic Anisotropy 1.2.5. Magnetism in D < 3 1.2.6. Critical Exponents 2. Methods 2.1. Synthesis and Crystal Growth 2.1.1. Solid State Synthesis 2.1.2. Crystal Growth via the Liquid Phase 2.1.3. Crystal Growth via the Vapor Phase 2.2. X-ray Diffraction 2.2.1. Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction 2.2.2. Powder X-ray Diffraction 2.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy 2.3.1. Scanning Electron Microscopy 2.3.2. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy 2.4. Magnetometry 2.5. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 2.6. Specific Heat Capacity 3. M2P2S6 3.1. Ni2P2S6 3.1.1. Crystal Growth 3.1.2. Characterization 3.1.3. Magnetic Properties 3.1.4. 31P-NMR Spectroscopy 3.1.5. Stacking (Dis-)Order in Ni2P2S6 3.2. (Fe1-xNix)2P2S6 3.2.1. Synthesis and Crystal Growth 3.2.2. Characterization 3.2.3. Evolution of Magnetic Properties 3.3. Summary and Outlook 4. M1+CrP2S6 4.1. CuCrP2S6 4.1.1. Crystal Growth 4.1.2. Characterization 4.1.3. Magnetic Properties 4.2. AgCrP2S6 4.2.1. Crystal Growth 4.2.2. Characterization 4.2.3. Magnetic Properties 4.3. Polycrystalline (Cu1-xAgx)CrP2S6 4.3.1. Synthesis 4.3.2. Phase Analysis 4.4. Summary and Outlook 5. M2(Ge,Si)2Te6 5.1. Cr2Ge2Te6 5.1.1. Crystal Growth 5.1.2. Characterization 5.1.3. Magnetic Properties 5.1.4. Analysis of the Critical Behavior 5.2. In2Ge2Te6 5.2.1. Crystal Growth 5.2.2. Characterization 5.2.3. Magnetic Properties 5.2.4. Specific Heat 5.3. Summary and Outlook 6. Conclusion Bibliography List of Publications Acknowledgements Eidesstattliche Erklärung A. Appendix A.1. Scanning Electron Microscopic Images A.1.1. (Fe1-xNix)2P2S6 A.2. scXRD A.2.1. (Fe1-xNix)2P2S6
Beckstein, Pascal. "Methodenentwicklung zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freier Oberfläche unter dem Einfluss elektromagnetischer Wechselfelder." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30749.
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