Journal articles: 'Krönika'

1

Brantly, Susan, and Per Christian Jersild. "Geniernas återkomst: Krönika." World Literature Today 62, no. 4 (1988): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40144647.

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2

Witakowski, Witold. "Jonites och Nimod i Jerahme'els hebreiska krönika." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69580.

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3

Fruitman, Stephen. "Cultural Zionism in Sweden: Daniel Brick's Judisk krönika." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 9, no. 2 (September 1, 1988): 108–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69431.

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The present study examines the content of the Swedish-Jewish Zionist periodical Judisk Krönika during its earliest years of publication, 1932 to 1950, under the editorship of its founder, Daniel Brick. The focus will be on how the magazine in its brightest and most ambitious years, acted as a conduit through which the ideas of cultural Zionism flowed into Sweden. Through essays, reports, editorial comments, book reviews and debates, the circle of intellectuals grouped around Brick clamored for a revivification of what they considered to be the moribund cultural life of Swedish Jewry, the result (in their eyes) of decades of Reform dominance in communal life. Not wishing to make themselves any less “Swedish”, the cultural Zionists nevertheless insisted that Jews in Sweden and other Nordic countries needed to adopt an international perspective, integrating the proposed idea for a Jewish national home in Palestine into their lives as a source of cultural pride and spiritual renewal.

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4

Laitila, Teuvo. "„ŽYDŲ KRONIKA“ IR SUOMIJOS ŽYDŲ TAPATYBĖS FORMAVIMASIS 1918–1920 METAIS." Knygotyra 66 (June 23, 2016): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v66i0.10019.

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Straipsnyje aptariamos trumpai, 1918–1920 metais, gyvavusio Suomijos žydų žurnalo „Judisk Krönika“ (Žydų kronika) pastangos atgaivinti žydų tapatybę Suomijoje. Iki nepriklausomybės paskelbimo Suomijoje 1917 m. žydų gyvenimas buvo reglamentuojamas specialiais teisės aktais, pavertusiais juos antrarūšiais piliečiais. 1918 m. jiems formaliai buvo suteiktos visos pilietinės teisės. Tuo pačiu metu dėl Palestinos įvykių žydams buvo suteikta galimybė tapti žydų valstybės piliečiais, įgyvendinant 1917 m. Balfūro deklaracijoje įtvirtintą pažadą. „Žydų kronika“ iš esmės buvo atvira visoms diskusijoms apie žydų kultūrą ir žydų visuomenės interesus. Vis dėlto daugelyje žurnalo straipsnių buvo pateikiama medžiaga diskusijai, kaip Suomijos žydai galėtų būti ar nuspręstų būti lojalūs Suomijos piliečiai ir tikri žydų tautos nariai. Žurnale buvo teigiama, kad svarstydami šią „dvigubą tapatybę“ žydai turėtų paisyti dviejų veiksnių: viena, jie privalo atsižvelgti į kylančio antisemitizmo ir su ginkluotais konfliktais susijusių pogromų, visų pirma buvusios Rusijos imperijos teritorijoje, riziką; antra, jie turi kitą pasirinkimą – jungtis į sionistų judėjimą ketinant vėl paversti Palestiną žydų tėvyne. Atrodė, kad žurnalas palaikė sionizmą ir aktyvų žydų nacionalinės tapatybės kūrimą, tačiau neatmetė ir žydų emancipacijos. Taigi žurnale tiek žydų, tiek Suomijos žydų tapatybei buvo teikiamas vienodas svoris.

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5

Doelfs, Guntram. "Notarztvermittlerin der Nation." kma - Klinik Management aktuell 19, no. 05 (May 2014): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1577343.

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Die Frau mit dem brünetten Bubi-Kopf managt den Notarztbetrieb vieler Krankenhäuser und Kommunen in ganz Deutschland, mit 4.500 Ärzten in ihrer Kartei. Die vollen Arbeitstage, ihre vier Kinder und der Bauernhof – das alles stresst Britta Kröncke nicht. Im Gegenteil: Es macht ihr Spaß, wie sie immer wieder betont.

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6

Liu, Daqing, and Shengli Zhang. "Kramers–Krönig relation of graphene conductivity." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 17 (April 7, 2008): 175222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/17/175222.

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7

Hutchings, D. C., M. Sheik-Bahae, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland. "Kramers-Krönig relations in nonlinear optics." Optical and Quantum Electronics 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01234275.

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8

Farchioni, Riccardo, and Giuseppe Grosso. "Localization properties of Krönig-Penney incommensurate potentials." Physical Review B 51, no. 24 (June 15, 1995): 17348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.17348.

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9

Yang, Hae-Sang, Keun-Hwa Lee, and Woo-Jae Seong. "Comparison of Kramers-Krönig Relation and High-Frequency Acoustic Measurements in Water-Saturated Glass Beads." Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea 30, no. 7 (October 31, 2011): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7776/ask.2011.30.7.402.

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10

Rui, Xue, Liang Zhao-Xin, and Li Wei-Dong. "The nonlinear Wannier function in square Krönig-Penney model." Chinese Physics B 18, no. 10 (September 29, 2009): 4130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/18/10/011.

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11

Bortz, M. L., and R. H. French. "Quantitative, FFT-Based, Kramers-Krönig Analysis for Reflectance Data." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 8 (November 1989): 1498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894204092.

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12

Menke, William, Dean Witte, and Rolin Chen. "Laboratory test of apparent attenuation formulas." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 5 (October 1, 1985): 1383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0750051383.

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Abstract We measure the apparent attenuation of P waves propagating through a three-dimensional scattering medium (a three-dimensional aluminum block containing a random assemblage of cylindrical voids). The observed apparent attenuation is compared to that predicted by a single scattering approximation. At low frequencies, both the amount of attenuation and its variation with frequency are well predicted. At intermediate and high frequencies, the agreement is poorer. Observed phase shifts are very different from those predicted by the Kramers-Krönig relations.

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13

Lucarini, Valerio, Jarkko J. Saarinen, and Kai-Erik Peiponen. "Multiply subtractive Kramers–Krönig relations for arbitrary-order harmonic generation susceptibilities." Optics Communications 218, no. 4-6 (April 2003): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(03)01259-8.

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14

Stone, Daniel E., Shazia A. Malik, Pooja Doerhman, and Felipe L. Videla. "Döderlein–Krönig vaginal hysterectomy: an alternative to the traditional Heaney hysterectomy." International Urogynecology Journal 26, no. 5 (December 13, 2014): 769–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00192-014-2598-0.

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15

Waters, Kendall R., Michael S. Hughes, Gary H. Brandenburger, and James G. Miller. "On a time-domain representation of the Kramers–Krönig dispersion relations." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1315294.

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16

Thomas, D., and B. Hallner. "A Non-Traditional Route to the Vaginal Hysterectomy: the Döderlein-Krönig Hysterectomy." Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 24, no. 7 (November 2017): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmig.2017.08.245.

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17

Barannyk, Lyudmyla L., Hazem A. Aboutaleb, Aicha Elshabini, and Fred Barlow. "Causality Verification Using Polynomial Periodic Continuations for Electrical Interconnects." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.428.

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We present a method for checking causality of band-limited tabulated frequency responses. The approach is based on Kramers-Krönig relations and construction of periodic polynomial continuations. Kramers-Krönig relations, also known as dispersion relations, represent the fact that real and imaginary parts of a causal function form a Hilbert transform pair. The Hilbert transform is defined on an infinite domain, while, in practice, discrete values of transfer functions that represent high-speed interconnects are available only on a finite frequency interval. Truncating the computational domain or approximating the behavior of the transfer function at infinity causes significant errors at the boundary of the given frequency band. The proposed approach constructs a periodic polynomial continuation of the transfer function that is defined by raw frequency responses on the original frequency interval and by a polynomial in the extended domain, and requires the continuation to be periodic on a wider domain of a finite length and smooth at the boundary. The dispersion relations are computed spectrally using fast Fourier transform and inverse fast Fourier transform routines applied to periodic continuations. The technique does not require the knowledge or approximation of the transfer function behavior at infinity. The method significantly reduces the boundary artifacts that are due to the lack of out-of-band frequency responses, and is capable of detecting small, smooth causality violations. We perform the error analysis of the method and show that its accuracy and sensitivity depend on the smoothness and accuracy of data and a polynomial continuation. The method can be used to verify and enforce causality before the frequency responses are employed for macromodeling. The performance of the method is tested on several analytic and simulated examples.

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18

Fellman, Jacob, and Tapio Westerlund. "Determination of the complex indices of refraction of glasses using Kramers-Krönig transformation." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 146 (January 1992): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(05)80489-2.

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19

Gulgowski, Jacek, and Tomasz P. Stefański. "Generalization of Kramers-Krönig relations for evaluation of causality in power-law media." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 95 (April 2021): 105664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105664.

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20

Wang, Changliang. "Stability of Riemannian manifolds with Killing spinors." International Journal of Mathematics 28, no. 01 (January 2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x17500057.

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Riemannian manifolds with nonzero Killing spinors are Einstein manifolds. Kröncke proved that all complete Riemannian manifolds with imaginary Killing spinors are (linearly) strictly stable in [Stable and unstable Einstein warped products, preprint (2015), arXiv:1507.01782v1 ]. In this paper, we obtain a new proof for this stability result by using a Bochner-type formula in [X. Dai, X. Wang and G. Wei, On the stability of Riemannian manifold with parallel spinors, Invent. Math. 161(1) (2005) 151–176; M. Wang, Preserving parallel spinors under metric deformations, Indiana Univ. Math. J. 40 (1991) 815–844]. Moreover, existence of real Killing spinors is closely related to the Sasaki–Einstein structure. A regular Sasaki–Einstein manifold is essentially the total space of a certain principal [Formula: see text]-bundle over a Kähler–Einstein manifold. We prove that if the base space is a product of two Kähler–Einstein manifolds then the regular Sasaki–Einstein manifold is unstable. This provides us many new examples of unstable manifolds with real Killing spinors.

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21

Yubero, F., J. M. Sanz, E. Elizalde, and L. Galán. "Kramers-Krönig analysis of reflection electron energy loss spectra (REELS) of Zr and ZrO2." Surface Science 237, no. 1-3 (November 1990): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0039-6028(90)90529-h.

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22

Harris, R. I. "Measurements of extreme drag coefficients of building models by I. Krönke and H. Sockel." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 25, no. 2 (January 1987): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(87)90020-1.

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23

White, S. B., and D. R. McKenzie. "Accuracy of optical data derived from electron energy loss spectra by kramers-krönig analysis." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 43, no. 1 (1987): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(87)80018-x.

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24

Trasferetti, B. C., C. U. Davanzo, N. C. da Cruz, and M. A. B. de Moraes. "Observation of the Berreman Effect in Infrared Reflection-Absorption Spectra of Amorphous Titanium Oxide Thin Films Deposited on Aluminum." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 5 (May 2000): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949933.

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Infrared reflection-absorption spectra of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) amorphous TiO2 thin films on aluminum were obtained with s- and p-polarized light and oblique incidence angles. Such spectra were analyzed by means of spectral simulations based on a Fresnel equation for a three-layered system. The optical constants used in the simulations were obtained through the Kramers–Krönig analysis of the reflectance spectra of a pellet of powdered amorphous TiO2. LO-TO energy-loss functions were also calculated from these optical constants, and a splitting was observed. A good qualitative agreement between experimental and simulated spectra was achieved, and the Berreman effect was observed in both cases when p-polarized light was used. It was shown, therefore, that the Berreman effect makes infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy a successful technique for the characterization of an amorphous TiO2 thin layer on aluminum.

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25

Pinčík, Emil, Robert Brunner, Hikaru Kobayashi, and Milan Mikula. "About complex refractive index of black Si." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 7 (December 1, 2017): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0063.

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Abstract The paper deals with the complex refractive index in the IR light region of two types of samples (i) as prepared black silicon, and (ii) thermally oxidized black silicon (BSi) nano-crystalline specimens produced both by the surface structure chemical transfer method using catalytic Ag evaporated spots (as prepared sample) and by the catalytic Pt catalytic mesh (thermally oxidized sample). We present, compare, and discuss the values of the IR complex refractive index obtained by calculation using the Kramers-Krönig transformation. Results indicate that small differences between optical properties of as prepared black Si and thermally oxidized BSi are given by: (i) – oxidation procedure, (ii) – thickness of the formed black Si layer, mainly, not by utilization of different catalytic metals, and by iii) the different thickness. Contamination of the surface by different catalytic metals contributes almost equally to the calculated values of the corresponding complex refractive index.

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26

Zou, Q., B. E. Benkelfat, and A. Ramdane. "Relation de type Kramers-Krönig dans une structure à bande interdite photonique périodique et unidimensionnelle." Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings) 119 (November 2004): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004119102.

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27

Waters, Kendall R., Michael S. Hughes, Joel Mobley, Gary H. Brandenburger, and James G. Miller. "On the applicability of Kramers–Krönig relations for ultrasonic attenuation obeying a frequency power law." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 2 (August 2000): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.429586.

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28

Buffeteau, Thierry, and Bernard Desbat. "Thin-Film Optical Constants Determined from Infrared Reflectance and Transmittance Measurements." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 6 (August 1989): 1027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203813.

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A general method based upon reflectance and transmittance measurements in the infrared region has been developed for the determination of the optical constants n( v) and k( v) of thin films deposited on any substrate (transparent or not). The corresponding computer program, written in FORTRAN 77, involves three main parts: (1) a matrix formalism to compute reflection and transmission coefficients of multilayered systems; (2) an iterative Newton-Raphson method to estimate the optical constants by comparison of the calculated and experimental values; and (3) a fast Kramers-Krönig transform to improve the accuracy of calculating the refractive index. The first part of this program can be used independently to simulate reflection and transmission spectra of any multilayered system using various experimental conditions. Two practical examples are given for illustration. Simulation of reflection spectra at grazing incidence for thin films deposited on a metal surface and determination of the optical constants for thin CaF2 layers deposited on a silicon substrate are presented.

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29

Pham, Duong Van, Diep Van Nguyen, Tu Xuan Nguyen, Kieu Anh Thi Doan, Quan Minh Le, Minh Hong Pham, and Marilou Cadatal-Raduban. "Studying the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Fluoride Laser Host Materials in the Ultraviolet Wavelength Region." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010372.

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Fluoride host materials doped with trivalent cerium ions have previously been demonstrated as successful laser materials in the ultraviolet wavelength region. However, the nonlinear optical properties of the fluoride hosts in this wavelength region have not been investigated yet, although nonlinearity could result in undesirable effects such as self-focusing and pulse distortion when these fluoride materials are used as gain media in high-power, ultrashort pulse laser oscillator and amplifier systems. In this work, the nonlinear refractive index of lithium calcium aluminum fluoride (LiCaAlF6), lithium strontium aluminum fluoride (LiSrAlF6), lanthanum fluoride (LaF3), and yttrium lithium fluoride (YLiF4) fluoride host materials are determined using the Kramers–Krönig relation model in the ultraviolet wavelength region. Self-focusing conditions, particularly at the peak laser emission wavelength of these materials, are further analyzed. Results show that LiCaAlF6 has the smallest nonlinear refractive index and self-focusing, making it an ideal host material under the conditions of ultrashort pulse and ultrahigh-power laser generation.

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30

Lepsius, Oliver. "Hans-Jürgen Papier/Christoph Krönke: Grundkurs Öffentliches Recht 2. Grundrechte, 4. Aufl. – Heidelberg: C.F. Müller, 2020." JuristenZeitung 76, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jz-2021-0004.

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31

Jezierski, K., P. Markiewicz, J. Misiewicz, M. Panek, B. Ściana, R. Korbutowicz, and M. Tl/aczal/a. "Application of Kramers–Krönig analysis to the photoreflectance spectra of heavily doped GaAs/SI‐GaAs structures." Journal of Applied Physics 77, no. 8 (April 15, 1995): 4139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359503.

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32

Lepsius, Oliver. "Hans-Jürgen Papier/Christoph Krönke: Grundkurs Öffentliches Recht 2. Grundrechte, 4. Aufl. – Heidelberg: C.F. Müller, 2020." JuristenZeitung 76, no. 1 (2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/jz-2021-0004.

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33

Barannyk, Lyudmyla L., Hazem A. Aboutaleb, Aicha Elshabini, and Fred Barlow. "Causality Enforcement of High-Speed Interconnects via Periodic Continuations." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 000236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-tp26.

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Causality verification and enforcement is of great importance for performance evaluation of electrical interconnects. We present two techniques based on Kramers-Krönig dispersion relations, also called Hilbert transform relations, and construction of causal periodic continuations. The first method employes periodic polynomial continuations, while the second approach constructs Fourier continuations using a regularized singular value decomposition (SVD) method. Given a transfer function sampled on a bandlimited frequency interval, non-periodic in general, both approaches construct an accurate approximation on the given frequency interval by allowing the function to be periodic on an extended domain. This allows one to significantly reduce (for polynomial continuations) or even completely remove (for Fourier continuations) boundary artifacts that are due to the bandlimited nature of frequency responses. Using periodic continuations eliminates the necessity of approximating the transfer function behavior at infinity in order to compute Hilbert transform. The methods can be used to verify and enforce causality before the frequency responses are employed for macromodeling. The performance of the methods is analyzed and compared using moderately and highly non-smooth functions.

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34

Gulgowski, Jacek, Dariusz Kwiatkowski, and Tomasz P. Stefański. "Signal Propagation in Electromagnetic Media Modelled by the Two-Sided Fractional Derivative." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5010010.

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In this paper, wave propagation is considered in a medium described by a fractional-order model, which is formulated with the use of the two-sided fractional derivative of Ortigueira and Machado. Although the relation of the derivative to causality is clearly specified in its definition, there is no obvious relation between causality of the derivative and causality of the transfer function induced by this derivative. Hence, causality of the system is investigated; its output is an electromagnetic signal propagating in media described by the time-domain two-sided fractional derivative. It is demonstrated that, for the derivative order in the range [1,+∞), the transfer function describing attenuated signal propagation is not causal for any value of the asymmetry parameter of the derivative. On the other hand, it is shown that, for derivative orders in the range (0,1), the transfer function is causal if and only if the asymmetry parameter is equal to certain specific values corresponding to the left-sided Grünwald–Letnikov derivative. The results are illustrated by numerical simulations and analyses. Some comments on the Kramers–Krönig relations for logarithm of the transfer function are presented as well.

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Stefański, Tomasz P., Jacek Gulgowski, and Kosmas L. Tsakmakidis. "Analytical Methods for Causality Evaluation of Photonic Materials." Materials 15, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041536.

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We comprehensively review several general methods and analytical tools used for causality evaluation of photonic materials. Our objective is to call to mind and then formulate, on a mathematically rigorous basis, a set of theorems which can answer the question whether a considered material model is causal or not. For this purpose, a set of various distributional theorems presented in literature is collected as the distributional version of the Titchmarsh theorem, allowing for evaluation of causality in complicated electromagnetic systems. Furthermore, we correct the existing material models with the use of distribution theory in order to obtain their causal formulations. In addition to the well-known Kramers–Krönig (K–K) relations, we overview four further methods which can be used to assess causality of given dispersion relations, when calculations of integrals involved in the K–K relations are challenging or even impossible. Depending on the given problem, optimal approaches allowing us to prove either the causality or lack thereof are pointed out. These methodologies should be useful for scientists and engineers analyzing causality problems in electrodynamics and optics, particularly with regard to photonic materials, when the involved mathematical distributions have to be invoked.

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36

Trasferetti, B. C., and C. U. Davanzo. "s- and p-Polarized Infrared Specular Reflectance of Vitreous Silica at Oblique Incidences: Detection of LO Modes." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 4 (April 2000): 502–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001949915.

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Infrared (IR) specular reflectance spectra of a semi-infinite sample of vitreous silica (v-SiO2) were obtained with the use of both s- and p-polarized light and oblique incidence angles. The optical constants of the material and hence its longitudinal optic/transverse optic (LO-TO) functions were determined through the Kramers–Krönig analysis (KKA) of its s-polarized 20° off-normal reflectance spectrum. p-Polarized spectra had their reflection maxima blue-shifting as the incidence angle increased, while they remained unchanged for the s-polarized spectra. Since an LO mode generally lies at wavenumbers higher than its respective TO mode, such a blue shift may be due to the detection of the LO mode in addition to the TO mode as incidence angle increased. The only exception to this observation was the high-frequency shoulder, which underwent a sharp intensification as the incidence increased. The present work shows that it is indeed brought about by the weakly IR active asymmetrical mode (AS2) but only because it takes place immediately after the intense AS1 mode, which causes the refraction index spectrum to have a broad dip below unity. Such a dip is proven to be responsible for the sharp increase in the high-frequency shoulder of the reflectance spectra.

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37

Hassan, Mohammad, Ahmed Abukmail, Alaa Hassiba, Kenneth Mauritz, and Ahmed Elzatahry. "PVA/Chitosan/Silver Nanoparticles Electrospun Nanocomposites: Molecular Relaxations Investigated by Modern Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy." Nanomaterials 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8110888.

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In this study, we used broadband dielectric spectroscopy to analyze polymer nanofibers of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/silver nanoparticles. We also studied the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles in the polymeric mat, on the chain motion dynamics and their interactions with chitosan nanofibers, and we calculated the activation energies of the sub-Tg relaxation processes. Results revealed the existence of two sub-Tg relaxations, the first gets activated at very low temperature (−90 °C) and accounts for motions of the side groups within the repeating unit such as –NH2, –OH, and –CH2OH in chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol). The second process gets activated around −10 °C and it is thought to be related to the local main chain segments’ motions that are facilitated by fluctuations within the glycosidic bonds of chitosan. The activation energy for the chitosan/PVA/AgNPs nanocomposite nanofibers is much higher than that of the chitosan control film due to the presence of strong interactions between the amine groups and the silver nanoparticles. Kramers–Krönig integral transformation of the ε′′ vs. f spectra in the region of the chitosan Tg helped resolve this relaxation and displayed the progress of its maxima with increasing temperature in the regular manner.

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38

Neumann, Hermann, Henning Reiss, Sebastian Rakers, Siegfried Ehrich, and Ingrid Kröncke. "Temporal variability in southern North Sea epifauna communities after the cold winter of 1995/1996." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 10 (August 13, 2009): 2233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp203.

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Abstract Neumann, H., Reiss, H., Rakers, S., Ehrich, S., and Kröncke, I. 2009. Temporal variability in southern North Sea epifauna communities after the cold winter of 1995/1996. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 2233–2243. Epifauna communities in the southeastern North Sea were studied from 1998 to 2008 to evaluate the effect of hydroclimatic change in community structure. The spatial analysis revealed four communities along the West and North Frisian coasts, on the Oyster Ground, and on the Dogger Bank. The variability between communities was caused mainly by differing abundance of widespread species such as Asterias rubens, probably reflecting differences in environmental conditions, e.g. temperature variation and food supply. Community structure varied between 1998–2000 and 2003–2008 at the shallow West and North Frisian coasts. The hypothesis is that epibenthic communities in these areas were severely affected by the cold winter of 1995/1996, resulting in the outbreak of the opportunistic brittlestar Ophiura albida and followed by characteristic post-disturbance succession stages from 1998 to 2000. The period between 2003 and 2008 was characterized by a continuous decrease in O. albida and by an increase in other species and diversity in the coastal areas. In contrast, secondary production increased in all four areas after 2003, probably because of an increase in sea surface temperature (SST) and in the length of the warming season. We conclude that the cold winter affected epifauna mainly in shallow areas and that the increasing SST influenced the epifauna in the entire southeastern North Sea mainly through an increased food supply.

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Reiss, Henning, Steven Degraer, Gerard C. A. Duineveld, Ingrid Kröncke, John Aldridge, Johan A. Craeymeersch, Jacqueline D. Eggleton, et al. "Spatial patterns of infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish communities in the North Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 2 (November 29, 2009): 278–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp253.

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Abstract Reiss, H., Degraer, S., Duineveld, G. C. A., Kröncke, I., Aldridge, J., Craeymeersch, J., Eggleton, J. D., Hillewaert, H., Lavaleye, M. S. S., Moll, A., Pohlmann, T., Rachor, E., Robertson, M., vanden Berghe, E., van Hoey, G., and Rees, H. L. 2010. Spatial patterns of infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish communities in the North Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 278–293. Understanding the structure and interrelationships of North Sea benthic invertebrate and fish communities and their underlying environmental drivers is an important prerequisite for conservation and spatial ecosystem management on scales relevant to ecological processes. Datasets of North Sea infauna, epifauna, and demersal fish (1999–2002) were compiled and analysed to (i) identify and compare spatial patterns in community structure, and (ii) relate these to environmental variables. The multivariate analyses revealed significantly similar large-scale patterns in all three components with major distinctions between a southern community (Oyster Ground and German Bight), an eastern Channel and southern coastal community, and at least one northern community (>50 m deep). In contrast, species diversity patterns differed between the components with a diversity gradient for infauna and epifauna decreasing from north to south, and diversity hotspots of demersal fish, e.g. near the major inflows of Atlantic water. The large-scale hydrodynamic variables were the main drivers for the structuring of communities, whereas sediment characteristics appeared to be less influential, even for the infauna communities. The delineation of ecologically meaningful ecosystem management units in the North Sea might be based on the structure of the main faunal ecosystem components.

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Grote, Gudela. "Ludborzs, B. & Nold, H. (Hrsg.). (2009). Psychologie der Arbeitssicherheit und Gesundheit – Entwicklungen und Visionen 1980 – 2008 – 2020. Kröning: Asanger. 459 Seiten, EUR 39,00." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 53, no. 4 (October 2009): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089.53.4.199.

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Todoran, Daniela, Radu Todoran, Zsolt Szakács, and Eugen Anitas. "Electrical Conductivity and Optical Properties of Pulsed Laser Deposited LaNi5 Nanoscale Films." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2018): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081475.

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This work presents pulsed laser deposition as a method to obtain unoxidized LaNi5 nanoscale films and describes their temperature and thickness dependent electrical conductivity and the spectral dispersions of some optical properties. AB5-type rare earth element (REE)-nickel compounds are currently studied from both theoretical and practical points of view. Special challenges are posed during the preparation of these nanomaterials, which can be overcome using finely tuned parameters in a preparation process that always involves the use of high energies. Film deposition was made by laser—induced vaporization, with short and modulated impulses and electro–optical tuning of the quality factor, mainly on glass and one SiO2 substrate. Deposition geometry dependent linear thickness increase, between 1.5–2.5 nm per laser burst, was achieved. Film structures and phase compositions were determined using XRD and discussed in comparison with films obtained by similar deposition procedures. Temperature and scale dependent properties were determined by studying electrical conductivity and optical properties. Electrical conductivity was measured using the four-probe method. The observed semiconductor-like conductivity for film thicknesses up to 110 nm can be explained by thermal activation of electrons followed by inter-insular hopping or quantum tunneling, which, on the other hand, modulates the material’s native metallic conductance. Films with thicknesses above this value can be considered essentially metallic and bulk-like. The spectral behaviors of the refractive index and absorption coefficient were deduced from differential reflectance spectroscopy data acquired on a broad ultraviolet, visible, near- and mid-infrared (UV-VIS-NIR-MIR) domain, processed using the Kramers-Krönig formalism. Their study led to the identification of the allowed interband transitions. Electronic behavior in the energy bands near the Fermi level and in the surface and interface-states was described, discussing the differences between experimental data and the classical free-electron theoretical model applied for the bulk intermetallic alloy, in correlation with theoretical optical properties or experimental X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results from references. However, the dielectric-like shape of the reflectance of the thinnest film was in accordance with the Lorentz–Drude model.

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Bertie, John E., and Shuliang L. Zhang. "Infrared Intensities of Liquids XV: Infrared Refractive Indices from 8000 to 350 cm−1, Absolute Integrated Intensities, Transition Moments, and Dipole Moment Derivatives of Methanol-d, at 25°C." Applied Spectroscopy 48, no. 2 (February 1994): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702944028399.

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This paper reports infrared absorption intensities of liquid methanol- d, CH3OD, at 25°C, between 8000 and 350 cm−1 Measurements were made by multiple attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with the use of the CIRCLE cell, and by transmission spectroscopy with a variable-path-length cell with CaF2 windows. The results of these two methods agree excellently and were combined to yield an imaginary refractive index spectrum, k(ν˜) vs. ν˜, between 6187 and 350 cm−1. The imaginary refractive index spectrum was arbitrarily set to zero between 6187 and 8000 cm−1 where k is always less than 2 × 10−6, in order that the real refractive index can be calculated below 8000 cm−1 by Kramers-Krönig transformation. The results are reported as graphs and as tables of the real and imaginary refractive indices between 8000 and 350 cm−1, from which all other infrared properties of liquid methanol- d can be calculated. The accuracy is estimated to be ± 3% below 5900 cm−1 and ± 10% above 5900 cm−1 for the imaginary refractive index and better than ± 0.5% for the real refractive index. In order to obtain molecular information from the refractive indices, the spectrum of the imaginary polarizability multiplied by wavenumber, ν˜ vs. ν˜, was calculated under the assumption of the Lorentz local field. The area under this ν˜ spectrum was separated into the integrated intensities of different vibrations. Molecular properties were calculated from these integrated intensities—specifically, the transition moments and dipole moment derivatives of the molecules in the liquid, the latter under the harmonic approximation. The availability of the spectra of both CH3OH and CH3OD enables the integrated intensities and the molecular properties of the C-H, O-H, O-D, and C-O stretching and CH3 deformation vibrations to be determined with confidence to a few percent. Further work with isotopic molecules is needed to improve the reliability of the integrated intensities of the C-O-H(D) in-plane bending, H-C-O-H(D) torsion, and CH3 rocking vibrations.

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Márquez, Emilio, Juan J. Ruíz-Pérez, Manuel Ballester, Almudena P. Márquez, Eduardo Blanco, Dorian Minkov, Susana M. Fernández Ruano, and Elias Saugar. "Optical Characterization of H-Free a-Si Layers Grown by rf-Magnetron Sputtering by Inverse Synthesis Using Matlab: Tauc–Lorentz–Urbach Parameterization." Coatings 11, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111324.

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Several, nearly-1-µm-thick, pure, unhydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si) thin layers were grown at high rates by non-equilibrium rf-magnetron Ar-plasma sputtering (RFMS) onto room-temperature low-cost glass substrates. A new approach is employed for the optical characterization of the thin-layer samples, which is based on some new formulae for the normal-incidence transmission of such a samples and on the adoption of the inverse-synthesis method, by using a devised Matlab GUI environment. The so-far existing limiting value of the thickness-non-uniformity parameter, Δd, when optically characterizing wedge-shaped layers, has been suppressed with the introduction of the appropriate corrections in the expression of transmittance. The optical responses of the H-free RFMS-a-Si thin films investigated, were successfully parameterized using a single, Kramers–Krönig (KK)-consistent, Tauc–Lorentz oscillator model, with the inclusion in the model of the Urbach tail (TLUC), in the present case of non-hydrogenated a-Si films. We have also employed the Wemple–DiDomenico (WDD) single-oscillator model to calculate the two WDD dispersion parameters, dispersion energy, Ed, and oscillator energy, Eso. The amorphous-to-crystalline mass-density ratio in the expression for Ed suggested by Wemple and DiDomenico is the key factor in understanding the refractive index behavior of the a-Si layers under study. The value of the porosity for the specific rf-magnetron sputtering deposition conditions employed in this work, with an Ar-pressure of ~4.4 Pa, is found to be approximately 21%. Additionally, it must be concluded that the adopted TLUC parameterization is highly accurate for the evaluation of the UV/visible/NIR transmittance measurements, on the H-free a-Si investigated. Finally, the performed experiments are needed to have more confidence of quick and accurate optical-characterizations techniques, in order to find new applications of a-Si layers in optics and optoelectronics.

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Stroganov, V. "Krönig. Scheidensecretuntersuchungen bei 100 Schwangeren. Aseptik in der Geburtshilfe. (Centralblatt für Gynäkologie, No. 1, 1894). Study of the secret of the sleeve in 100 pregnant women. Asepsis in obstetrics." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 8, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 386–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd84386-387.

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In view of the abrupt contradiction of the frequent finding of staphylococcus pyogenes albus in the vagina of pregnant women, and the extremely rare finding of it in childbirth fever, the author raises the question whether the previous opinion was not the result of our constantly being examined by this almost constantly on the surface of the body.

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Morozov, Igor B., Wubing Deng, and Danping Cao. "Mechanical analysis of viscoelastic models for Earth media." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 1762–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz445.

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SUMMARY Linear and non-linear viscoelastic (VE) models such as the standard linear solid (SLS) and the generalized SLS (GSLS) are broadly used to represent the anelasticity of materials and Earth's media. However, although the VE approach is often satisfactory for any given observation, the inferred physical causes of anelasticity may be significantly misrepresented by this paradigm, and its predictions may be wrong or inaccurate in other cases. This problem is particularly important in heterogeneous media, including most cases of interest for seismology. For example, in homogenous media, VE and mechanics-based models predict identical quality-factor Q(f) and phase velocity c(f) spectra, but in heterogenous media, these models yield different time-stepping equations and interactions with material–property boundaries. The commonly used VE algorithms for modelling seismic waves rely on postulated convolutional integrals in time, whereas physically, models of rock rheologies should still be based on spatial interactions. To understand how VE models relate to mechanics, it is instructive to consider which physical properties of the medium are constrained reliably and which of them remain unconstrained by a pair of Q(f) and c(f) spectra, that is by VE properties. Despite its popular association with ‘attenuation,’ the peak value of Q−1(f) is actually a purely elastic property representing the existence of two (for SLS) or multiple (for GSLS) elastic moduli. These moduli are analogous to the drained and undrained moduli in poroelasticity or isothermal and adiabatic moduli in thermodynamics. By virtue of the Kramers–Krönig relations, the peak Q−1 is related to the total velocity dispersion, which is also caused by the difference between elastic moduli. By contrast, true anelasticity-related physical properties like viscosity are represented not by Q−1 values but by the frequencies of Q−1(f) peaks in the data. However, these frequencies also depend on multiple material properties that are not recognized or arbitrarily selected in the SLS and GSLS models. Inertial, body-force friction and the corresponding boundary effects are also ignored in VE models, which may again be improper for layered media. Thus, for physically accurate interpretation of laboratory experiments and numerical modelling of seismic waves, first-principle equations of mechanics should be used instead of VE models.

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Friedrich, Laurin, and Steffen Eckhard. "Rezension: Bogumil, Jörg, Burgi, Martin, Kuhlmann, Sabine, Hafner, Jonas, Heuberger, Moritz & Krönke, Christoph (2018). Bessere Verwaltung in der Migrations- und Integrationspolitik. Baden-Baden: Nomos. 321 Seiten. ISBN: 978 384 875 418 2." Politische Steuerung von Transformation ‒ Das Beispiel der Energiepolitik 12, no. 2-2019 (December 12, 2019): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v12i2.17.

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Kakushkin, N. "Krönig. - Ueber die Natur der Scheidenkeime, speciell über das Vorkommen anaerober Streptokokken im Scheidensekret Schwangerer. (Centralbl. F. Gynäk., 1895, No. 16). On the nature of vaginal microbes, mainly in anaerobic renal cocci in the vaginal discharge in pregnant women." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 9, no. 5 (September 27, 2020): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd95496.

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The author informs the further results of his observations (Centralbl. F. Gynaek., 1894, No. 1). Not finding at that time in the separated vagina of pregnant women microbes that would grow aerobically, he, having put the secret of the vagina (in pregnant women) in the conditions of anaerobic life on nutrient media, received cocci, located in groups of 12-20, microscopically indistinguishable from encountered in childbirth fever, renal cocci.

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Curran, A. M., J. Crawford, and E. Darrah. "OP0325 EFFECT OF CITRULLINATION ON THE PROCESSING AND PRESENTATION OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AUTOANTIGENS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 200.1–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1638.

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Background:Citrullinated proteins are hallmark targets of the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),1but the mechanism by which immune tolerance is broken to these self-proteins is poorly understood. CD4+T cells are implicated as important drivers of the autoimmune response due to the high-affinity, class-switched nature of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) present in the majority of RA patients and the prominent genetic contribution of certain HLA-DR alleles to RA susceptibility.2,3However, the precise effect of citrullination on MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of autoantigens to CD4+T cells remains unknown.Objectives:Here we aimed to examine the hypothesis that citrullination impacts the processing and presentation of RA autoantigens via destabilization of protein folding and modification of protease cleavage sites, altering the peptide repertoire presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs).Methods:Using fibrinogen as a model RA autoantigen, the native and citrullinated forms were digestedin vitroby a cocktail of lysosomal cathepsins (cathepsins B, S, and H) for proteolytic mapping, or incubated with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-DCs) in a natural antigen processing assay (NAPA). Peptides generated by digestion with the cathepsin cocktail or presented by HLA-DR molecules on mo-DCs were then isolated and identified by mass spectrometry.Results:We found that the repertoire of peptides generated by each method was altered by citrullination. By proteolytic mapping, we detected both changes in the pattern of cathepsin cleavage and an increased number of peptides in the citrullinated samples. Utilizing NAPA, we observed the creation of newly presented peptides in the citrullinated samples in some cases, and loss of presented peptides in others (Fig. 1). Strikingly, all peptides whose presentation was destroyed by citrullination contained a citrullination site. Together these results suggest that both protease cleavage and selection of peptides by HLA-DR are impacted by citrullination.Conclusion:Citrullination alters the peptide repertoire presented by APCs. Interestingly, no citrullinated peptides were identified by NAPA, suggesting that presentation of citrulline-containing peptides to T cells may not be the primary mechanism by which tolerance is broken to citrullinated antigens. Rather, citrullination-induced destabilization of protein folding and modification of protease cleavage sites, leading to the generation of a new peptide repertoire, could play a role in activating autoreactive T cells. This mechanism could thus drive the loss of immune tolerance to the citrullinated forms of RA autoantigens.References:[1]Schellekens, G. A., Jong, B. A. de, van den Hoogen, F. H., van de Putte, L. B. & Venrooij, W. J. van. Citrulline is an essential constituent of antigenic determinants recognized by rheumatoid arthritis-specific autoantibodies.The Journal of Clinical Investigation101, 273–281 (1998).[2]Scherer, H. U., Huizinga, T. W. J., Krönke, G., Schett, G. & Toes, R. E. M. The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature Reviews Rheumatology14, 157–169 (2018).[3]Gregersen, P. K., Silver, J. & Winchester, R. J. The shared epitope hypothesis. an approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.Arthritis & Rheumatism30, 1205–1213 (1987).Acknowledgments:Rheumatology Research Foundation and the JHU SOM Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics CoreDisclosure of Interests:Ashley M. Curran: None declared, Jonathan Crawford: None declared, Erika Darrah Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Celgene, and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Consultant of: Padlock Therapeutics and Celgene

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Pfeifle, R., J. Kittler, M. Wuhrer, G. Schett, and G. Krönke. "AB0016 THE IMPACT OF IL-17A THERAPY ON IGG SIALYLATION IN HUMANS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1042.1–1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1087.

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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by autoreactive B- and T cells. Autoantibodies are a hallmark of RA and contribute to synovial inflammation. We have recently demonstrated that Th17 cells suppress the enzyme ST6 a-galactoside b-2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GAL1) in developing plasma cells. Thereby, Th17 cells regulate the degree of autoantibody sialylation leading to the increased inflammatory activity of autoantibodies. These events correlate with the onset of RA, arguing for a crucial role of the IL-23/Th17 axis during the transition of asymptomatic autoimmunity into active RA. Therefore, treatment against the IL-23/TH17-axis might present an attractive therapeutic approach to halt or delay RA’s onset. However, the effects of Th17 cytokines like IL-17 on IgG glycosylation in humans are so far poorly studied.Objectives:To explore whether anti-IL17A treatment can inhibit pro-inflammatory IgG glycosylation patterns in humans.Methods:Total IgG from patient cohorts suffering from psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with Secukinumab (anti-IL-17 blockade, n=26) or Ustekinumab (anti-IL12/23 blockade, n=14) was compared with patients treated with anti-TNFa blockade as a control (n=20). The cohorts were age- and sex-matched and included patients being on therapy for at least six months. Total IgG was isolated using Protein G columns, and IgG glycopeptides of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 were analyzed using the LC-MS technique. The effect of IL-17 depletion on IgG glycosylation was analyzed in psoriatic arthritis patients who have been treated with secukinumab for at least six months. Furthermore, in a longitudinal approach, IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 glycosylation were analyzed from samples, isolated before the beginning of anti-IL-17 blockade and after at least six months of therapy (n=16).Results:Cross-sectional comparison of cohorts treated with Ustekinumab, Sekukinumab, and anti-TNFa therapy did not show any significant differences in sialylation, galactosylation, or fucosylation of IgG1 and IgG2. IgG4 from anti-TNFa treated patients displayed a small increase of sialylation when compared to the Ustekinumab treated cohort.Longitudinal analyses, however, showed that IL-17A blockade during Secukinumab therapy caused a significant increase of sialic acid-rich IgG glycoforms on IgG1, IgG2 IgG4 patients, while the galactosylation, fucosylation remained unaffected.Conclusion:This data indicates that IL-17A blockade specifically affects IgG sialylation, while other Fc-glycan modifications remain unaltered. This data confirms our recent findings in mice, where cytokines of the IL-23/Th17 axis specifically induce the production of hypo-sialylated, proinflammatory autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [2]. Therefore, neutralizing IL-17 might be a therapeutic option during the asymptomatic autoimmune prodromal phase in autoimmune diseases like RA, where TH17 cytokines orchestrate the emergence of a pro-inflammatory autoantibody response and the transition into active RA.References:[1]McInnes IB, G. Schett, The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 2205-19.[2]Pfeifle R et al, Regulation of autoantibody activity by the IL-23-Th17 axis determines the onset of autoimmune disease. Nat Immunol. 2017, Jan;18(1):104-113.Disclosure of Interests:Rene Pfeifle Grant/research support from: Novartis AG., Julia Kittler: None declared, Manfred Wuhrer: None declared, Georg Schett: None declared, Gerhard Krönke Grant/research support from: Novartis AG

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Fischer-Homberger, Esther. "Ellen West. Eine Patientin Ludwig Binswangers zwischen Kreativität und destruktivem Leiden. Neue Forschungsergebnisse. Mit Beiträgen von Albrecht Hirschmüller, Klaus Hoffmann, Alice Holzhey-Kunz, Naamah Akavia, Katrien Libbrecht, Liliane Studer, Burkhard Scheible und Michael Günter. Hrsg. von Albrecht Hirschmüller. Heidelberg/Kröning, Asanger Verlag, cop. 2003. 198 S. Fr. 43.–; I 25.–. ISBN 3-89334-402-0." Gesnerus 61, no. 3-4 (November 3, 2004): 308–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-0610304013.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Krönika'

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