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Academic literature on the topic 'Krympning'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Krympning"
Cwiek, Aleksandra. "Hållfasthet och krympning utifrån olika modelleringsvätskor till porslin." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19808.
Full textPurpose The present study aims to investigate the flexural strength and shrinkage of two types of porcelain mixed with the manufacturer's modelling liquid as well as distilled water and universal liquids.Hypothesis The liquid with lowest density will result in higher strength values, lower shrinkage and porosity due to the liquids content that contributes to higher wetting of the powder, thus providing better sealing.Method Two different porcelain were mixed with four different liquids, the manufacturer’s liquid, two universal liquids and distilled water. Ten specimens were prepared per respective group, giving a total of 80. All specimens underwent measuring, flexural strength test and one specimen per group was selected for surface analysis with a microscope inspection. Finally, there was a statistical comparison of the flexural strength between the groups, as well as documentation with photographs of the microstructure of the selected specimens.Results The specimens mixed with distilled water show significantly higher flexural strength values compared to one specimen group mixed with universal modelling liquid. Specimen mixed with distilled water showed significant higher shrinkage, whereas the specimens with the manufacturer's liquid showed least shrinkage.Conclusion Distillated water showed to be most reliable in terms of high flexural strength. The manufacturer’s liquid (GC Initial MC) showed least significant shrinkage. On the other hand, there is insufficient evidence that proves the connection between the density in modeling liquid and its influence on flexural strength values as well as shrinkage
Bodin, Gustav, and Christopher Hoff. "Sprickminimering hos industrigolv utsatta för krympning : Ett förslag till åtgärdsprogram." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36510.
Full textRoughly estimated 1,5–2,0 million m2 of industrial concrete floors are produced in Sweden every year [1]. The results vary and the most common matter/failure among these floors is cracks [2]. Water finds its way down in the cracks and in some cases chlorides, which causes corrosion of the reinforcement. The reinforcement expands due to the corrosion and makes the concrete burst. The floor is no longer esthetically appealing. At the same time the lifetime is shortened substantially and the floor surface becomes uneven which complicates any truck traffic. Cracks arise due to restraint forces that develop because of concrete shrinkage. The width of the cracks is determined by the concretes tendency to shrink, reinforcement content and the extent of restraint forces. DynaMate builds and maintains Scania service centers and industrial facilities. They are experiencing major problems with cracking in industrial floors. The cracks bring large costs in terms of downtime, demolition, repair and any new production. The present report is based mainly on literature research from reports, articles and handbooks but also norms. Interviews were performed with qualified persons to share their experiences and opinions. To receive even more knowledge the authors attended two different castings of industrial floors. A reduction of cracking in concrete floors caused by the free shrinkage requires a concrete composition which minimizes the free shrinkage, reinforcement content in excess of minimum reinforcement, a slow drying and joints that allow movements. It was believed that the problem with cracks in concrete floors is due to ignorance, different wills and carelessness among the involved actors. Consequently it is also important to have clear objectives and good communication between all actors. On behalf of DynaMate a proposal for actions to reduce cracking was prepared. That proposal can form the basis for future flooring projects and ultimately reduce the significant costs due to maintenance and repairs.
Johansson, Malin. "Utveckling av metod för studier av sprickrisker i betong : Effekter av krympning och temperaturrörelser." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70620.
Full textNyström, Vaara Tobias. "Effektivare sprickbreddsberäkning för böjda och dragna betongtvärsnitt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269943.
Full textThis thesis describes how the crack widths of concrete structures is calculated, according to current standards. Special focus has been placed on how the cross-sectional analysis of bent cross- sections, with respect to the concrete's long-term effects, affects crack widths. Although the standard guide to the minimum amount reinforcement for crack control required for concrete structures with tensile stress are reported. The result is a calculation document drawn up in Excel that calculates crack widths for bent and drawn cross- section, which follows the requirements of the current standard.
Johansson, Erika. "Krympning och krypning av STT/F-bjälklagselement : en jämförelse mellan verkliga effekter och beräkning enligt Eurocode 2." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-11876.
Full textAsres, Bersabeh Zemedagegnehu. "Viskostygs inverkan på plagg efter tvätt. : Hur krympning av viskos påverkar plaggets passform, mått och konstruktion för en klänning." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24381.
Full textThis study is developed in collaboration with a small company that works with women's clothing. The company has had recurring problems with the fit of their viscose dress. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of the viscose material shrinkage after laundering on the fit of the garment such as balance, ease, length and the garment dimension. Viscose is one of the finest textile materials for dresses sewing because of its properties such as it’s fine shine, drapes well and it have high absorbent. In contrast, viscose material tends to lose strength when wet, which affects garment fit due to viscoses shrinkage after laundering. The study is performed through comparing of three production processes of a dress to get the best fit and dimensions. For sample A and B, the same pattern construction is used, except for sample B, the viscose fabric was pre-washed in advance. While for sample C fabric samples was washed and the number of shrinkage is calculated . Pattern construction was adjusted by adding the results of shrinkage . The three sample dresses were sewn with the same viscose fabric, and the fit were tasted by one person in size Medium .The dress samples were measured both before and after laundering. The result of prototype C showed that the dress has shrunk to the best fit and meets the desired garment sizes in comparison with prototypes A and B. The study showed that garments that are sewn in viscose material change both in fit and size after washing. Washing viscose material before cutting will not ensure that the sewn garment will not shrink or that the garments will retain its dimension after washing. The change in pattern design gives better results.
Aletto, Angela, and Sofia Engström. "Differentialsättningar i höga byggnader mellan vertikalt bärande element av stål och betong : Tidsberoende deformationer i element av betong på grund av lasthistorik, krypning, krympning och elastisk deformation samt elastisk deformation i stålpelare." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174073.
Full textWhen high buildings are built with steel and concrete collaborating, some problems may occur because the materials deform differently. The differences in the final deformations make horizontally casted floors start to lean over time. In this study a program has been developed in Mathcad to calculate the final deformations and differences. The differences can then be compensated by casting the floor with a slope. The program is supposed to be used by WSP to project high buildings. The program has been used for some parametric studies to show how different parameters can decrease the differences. If this makes the differences small enough it will not even be necessary to cast floors with a slope.
Stening, Eric, and Erik Wall. "Utmaningar med att projektera höga trähus." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-61913.
Full textThis thesis have been executed to address the challenges that may emerge when tall timber buildings are to be designed. Tall timber buildings can be an important part for sustainable construction from several aspects. In this thesis, tall buildings have been defined as buildings with at least eight floors. In collaboration with WSP Örebro, the Head of Department on Construction Engineering has assisted with support and tips, and provided contact information to relevant actors in the subject, and has also been contacting several actors by own hand. In order to obtain the information, literature has been studied and interviews conducted with experienced actors in construction design. Most actors were oriented in timber buildings. During the interview, it has been found that the challenges for tall timber buildings are usually based on 5 areas. • Moisture • Shrinkage • Acoustics • Wind • Fire Under results, each area is summarized to the part that answers the question. The main challenge is how wind can affect tall timber buildings since wood is a lightweight material. In the conclusion, it is shown that a tall timber building should stand for many years in order to show what a good quality of a structure the tall timber building is.
Kauppi, Cajsa. "”Alla vet att viskos krymper” : En studie i hur dimensionsstabilitet av fyra olika viskostyger påverkar passformen på en byxmodell." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26547.
Full textKaas, Ishøy Nicklas, and Emelie Seignér. "Betong med krossad betongballast." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23644.
Full textThe purpose of this work is mainly to investigate six different concrete recipes and aggregates for its freezing properties, together with their shrinkage. The goal is to make a description of how concrete and aggregates, of recycled aggregates, consists with its antifreeze and shrinkage in comparison with the recipe of natural stone aggregates. The specimens are exposed to various strains in laboratory environment according to SIS-CEN / TS 12390–9: 2016, SS-EN 1367–1: 2007 and SS 13 72 15. The project is a collaboration between the University of Borås where this experimental study is conducted and local companies. The companies in this degree project are Ulricehamn Betong and Hedared Sand och Betong. Two reference recipes from these companies have been used and from these, two new recipes have been prepared with new concrete mixes. One with replacement of natural ballast to 50 % RCA (recycled concrete aggregates) and one with 100 % RCA. The water-cement ratio for these recipes are the same as the reference recipes. The intention is that the environmental impact of cement does not increase when the natural gravel is replaced because the natural gravel is a finite product. Aggregates is classified as frost resistant if it has a water absorption lower than 1 % or meet the requirement F1 according to the standard SS 137003:2015, which means having a lower mass reduction than 1 % after freeze-thaw test. The aggregates used in the experiments consisted of mixed fractions and their sieve curve is compared with before and after freeze-thaw test. NAC (Natural Aggregates Concrete) show slight differences before and after tests, while recipes with RCA differ from the sight curves. According to this study only recept 1 REF and recept 1 M50 of the fractions 8-16 mm meets the requirement of F1. The results on the frost resistance of the different concrete recipes show that the recipes with air pore-forming agents have significantly higher resistance against frost attack. According to the standard SIS-CEN / TS 12390–9: 2016, the recipes must meet the requirement of 1.0 kg/m2 flaking after 56 cycles. In this study, the concrete was exposed to 28 freeze-thaw cycles. After 28 cycles, recept 1 had a flaking of 0.35 kg/m2 and recept 1 M100 a flaking of 0.51 kg/m2, while the remaining recipes were above the maximum flaking. The shrinkage of normal concrete is 0,5 ‰ at RF 50 %, which for our test bodies of 200 mm is 0,1 mm. Recept 2 M50 has according to our experiments a bigger shrinkage than this after 7 days, which means that all other recipes meet the requirements except this one. The recipes behave different in terms of both shrinkage and swelling is because they contain different kinds of aggregates, these aggregates can affect the concrete. RCA has higher water absorption than original aggregates, which results in it having a greater drying shrinkage.