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Journal articles on the topic 'Ku-Klux Klan in Oregon'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Seltzer, Rick, and Grace M. Lopes. "The Ku Klux Klan." Journal of Black Studies 17, no. 1 (1986): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002193478601700107.

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2

Deavours, C. A. "A KU KLUX KLAN CIPHER." Cryptologia 13, no. 3 (1989): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161-118991863916.

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3

Lewis, Michael, and Jacqueline Serbu. "KOMMEMORATING THE KU KLUX KLAN." Sociological Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1998): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1998.tb02015.x.

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4

Lewis, Michael, and Jacqueline Serbu. "Kommemorating the Ku Klux Klan." Sociological Quarterly 40, no. 1 (1999): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1999.tb02361.x.

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5

Rodriquez, Alicia E. "“No Ku Klux Klan for Kern”." Southern California Quarterly 99, no. 1 (2017): 5–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2017.99.1.5.

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The Ku Klux Klan saw a rapid rise in Kern County, California, in 1921 but disintegrated in 1922. Local newspapers decried the Klan’s vigilante violence; a diligent district attorney pursued and prosecuted those involved; and the local press and the court cases revealed members’ identities. The ensuing backlash quickly neutralized the Klan in Kern County. The revealed identities enabled the author to profile local KKK adherents. The subsequent career paths of key members and their opponents confirm the shift of public opinion against the Klan despite its public relations efforts.

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6

DRABBLE, JOHN. "To Ensure Domestic Tranquility: The FBI, COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE and Political Discourse, 1964–1971." Journal of American Studies 38, no. 2 (2004): 297–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580400845x.

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Between September 1964 and April 1971, the Federal Bureau of Investigation conducted a domestic covert action program named COINTELPRO-WHITE HATE. This counterintelligence program endeavored to discredit, disrupt, and vitiate the Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist vigilante organizations. While historians are quite familiar with the FBI's efforts to nurture anticommunism and to discredit civil rights and leftist movements, the FBI's role in discrediting KKK groups in the American South during the late 1960s has not been systematically assessed. This article provides an analysis of the fi

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7

Selifontova, Daria Yurievna, and Yaroslav Aleksandrovich Levin. "FBI and Ku Klux Klan: the main factors and features of countering extremism in the United States of the 1960s and 1970s." Samara Journal of Science 12, no. 1 (2023): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55355/snv2023121211.

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The period of the 1960s and 1970s in the United States of America was saturated with rallies, murders and terror on racial grounds. The Ku Klux Klan, a national terrorist organization that has been reborn in the United States more than once, is most responsible for this. The national security of the United States was under threat, the FBI, the CIA and the government, interacting with each other, tried their best to stop such incidents. The paper examines the activities of the FBI, its director John Edgar Hoover, in the United States to counter the Ku Klux Klan from the moment of their third re

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8

Pegram, Thomas R. "THE KU KLUX KLAN, LABOR, AND THE WHITE WORKING CLASS DURING THE 1920S." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, no. 2 (2018): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781417000871.

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Historians usually consider the revived Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s to have been consistently opposed to labor unions and the aspirations of working-class people. The official outlook of the national Klan organization fits this characterization, but the interaction between grassroots Klan groups and pockets of white Protestant working-class Americans was more complex. Some left-wing critics of capitalism singled out the Klan as a legitimate if flawed platform on which to build white working-class unity at a time when unions were weak and other institutions demonstrated indifference to working-cl

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9

Archer, Bill. "The Ku Klux Klan 1865-1997." Appalachian Heritage 25, no. 2 (1997): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/aph.1997.0074.

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10

Bane, Tyler. "The Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 10, no. 1 (2024): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v10i1.352.

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An often overlooked aspect of New Jersey history is that of the Ku Klux Klan activities throughout the state during the 1920s. Driven by a resurgence of anti-immigration rhetoric, the diversity of urban centers, and the general fears of some white Protestant residents of New Jersey, the Klan targeted immigrants, participated in public demonstrations and parades, hosted social events, and attempted to intimidate Catholic politicians in particular. This paper will examine this aspect of New Jersey history by using underutilized sources like the George Moss Collection at Monmouth University’s Mur

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11

Murray, Aife. "The Ku Klux Klan at Home in Hillsdale." New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3, no. 2 (2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v3i2.87.

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In “The Ku Klux Klan at Home in Hillsdale,” author Aífe Murray travels to Bergen County to reckon with a dramatic set of events that occurred during her father’s Hillsdale youth when his family was attacked by the Second Ku Klux Klan; long-held by historians as this country’s most powerful far right movement. Through the author’s quest (including interviews with her father’s contemporaries on both sides of the Klan equation), she uncovers a Klan story that, in artifacts and acts, has been preserved within a larger, more common frame of America’s failure to come to terms with what occurred in t

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12

Boyle, Kevin. "When the Ku Klux Klan Ruled Detroit." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 47 (April 1, 2005): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25073190.

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13

Lewis, Todd E., and Charles C. Alexander. "The Ku Klux Klan in the Southwest." Arkansas Historical Quarterly 55, no. 2 (1996): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40030970.

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14

David Cunningham. "Truth, Reconciliation, and the Ku Klux Klan." Southern Cultures 14, no. 3 (2008): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scu.0.0018.

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15

Fehr, Russell MacKenzie. "Political Protestantism: The Detroit Citizens League and the Rise of the Ku Klux Klan." Journal of Urban History 45, no. 6 (2018): 1153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144218793646.

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This article considers the rise of the Ku Klux Klan as a political force in Detroit in the 1924 and 1925 elections. In the 1910s, the Detroit Citizens League had risen in Detroit politics through its practice of the rhetoric of political Protestantism, designed to mobilize Protestant laymen through religious appeals. In the 1920s, this style of politics backfired on the Citizens League: after spending years focusing on Detroit’s business elite, Protestants abandoned the Citizens League in droves when that organization backed a Catholic for mayor. By turning to the Ku Klux Klan, many Protestant

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16

Bukhori, Muhammad Faruq, and Arido Laksono. "Black Power Movement as Depicted in Blakkasman (2018) Movie." Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/culturalistics.v6i1.14875.

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America is a pluralistic country that often faces issues of racism and discrimination. This issue is often faced by African-Americans as one of the ethnic minorities. In this undergraduate thesis, I would like to analyze the Black Power Movement as depicted in the Blackkklansman movie using the sociology of literature approach by Abrams. Moreover, I also use an exponential approach to analyze the intrinsic elements in the movie. The result of the analysis shows that the Black Power movement occurs due to the white supremacy acts from the Ku Klux Klan members towards Blacks. As the result, the

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17

de Carvalho Siqueira, Mayara, and Júlia Oliveira Muinhos. "O MASSACRE DE GREENSBORO: NAZISTAS, COMUNISTAS E KU KLUX KLAN NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA (1979) - PARTE I." Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, no. 490 (December 1, 2022): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23927/issn.2526-1347.rihgb.2022(490):243-272.

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Em novembro de 1979, na cidade de Greensboro, na Carolina do Norte, manifestantes do Partido dos Trabalhadores Comunistas (Communist Workers’ Party - CWP) foram assassinados por membros do Ku Klux Klan (KKK) e do Partido Nazi Americano (American Nazi Party - ANP). Os homicídios aconteceram durante um protesto organizado pelo CWP em oposição à KKK e faziam parte de um contexto maior de oposição entre comunistas e trabalhadores negros, de um lado, e nazistas e supremacistas brancos, de outro. O massacre foi televisionado, gerando grande mobilização da população local, e ganhou notoriedade em tod

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18

LENNARD, KATHERINE. "The Running Stitch." Journal of American Studies 52, no. 04 (2018): 893–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875818001330.

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This essay uses a quilt made from used Ku Klux Klan regalia to examine the complicated interpersonal relationships and internal ambivalence that have emerged in the process of the author's study of Klan material culture. Concerns about the relationship between preserving objects and preserving ideology emerge through the process of untangling the story of this enigmatic object.

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19

RICE, TOM. "“The True Story of the Ku Klux Klan”: Defining the Klan through Film." Journal of American Studies 42, no. 3 (2008): 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875808005537.

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In 1923 the Ku Klux Klan produced two films, The Toll of Justice and The Traitor Within. This article considers, for the first time, what the representation, promotion and exhibition of these films suggests about the ways in which the Klan sought to promote and define itself at the height of its power. It examines the cinematic articulations of Klan policies and explores the broader engagement of the Klan and cinema. In doing this, the article repositions film as a contributing factor in the growth and development of the modern Klan during the 1920s.

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20

Shapiro, Herbert, and William D. Jenkins. "Steel Valley Klan: The Ku Klux Klan in Ohio's Mahoning Valley." American Historical Review 96, no. 5 (1991): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2165457.

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21

Lay, Shawn, and William D. Jenkins. "Steel Valley Klan: The Ku Klux Klan in Ohio's Mahoning Valley." Journal of American History 78, no. 2 (1991): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2079644.

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22

Fryer, Roland G., and Steven D. Levitt. "Hatred and Profits: Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (2012): 1883–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjs028.

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Abstract In this article, we analyze the 1920s Ku Klux Klan, those who joined it, and its social and political impact by combining a wide range of archival data sources with data from the 1920 and 1930 U.S censuses. We find that individuals who joined the Klan in some cities were more educated and more likely to hold professional jobs than the typical American. Surprisingly, we find little evidence that the Klan had an effect on black or foreign-born residential mobility or vote totals. Rather than a terrorist organization, the 1920s Klan is best described as social organization with a very su

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23

LEWIS, GEORGE. "“An Amorphous Code”: The Ku Klux Klan and Un-Americanism, 1915–1965." Journal of American Studies 47, no. 4 (2013): 971–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875813001357.

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On 1 June 1965, the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) announced that it would hold hearings into the Ku Klux Klan, fifty years after the organization had appeared before the House Rules Committee. Whereas the 1925 investigation allowed the Klan to continue to claim a “100% Americanism,” HUAC unequivocally declared the Klan of the 1960s to be entirely un-American. This essay seeks to explain that turnaround in the understanding of the Klan and its activities, on the one hand, and the contested ideas of un-Americanism and Americanism on the other. It is only within the context of tha

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24

Blee, Kathleen M. "Women in the 1920s' Ku Klux Klan Movement." Feminist Studies 17, no. 1 (1991): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3178170.

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25

Parsons, Trevor. "The Ku Klux Klan and Ontario’s Evolving Britishness." Ontario History 116, no. 1 (2024): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1110096ar.

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26

Richard, Mark Paul. "“This Is Not a Catholic Nation”: The Ku Klux Klan Confronts Franco-Americans in Maine." New England Quarterly 82, no. 2 (2009): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2009.82.2.285.

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During the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan expanded to the northeastern United States, where it confronted Franco-American Catholics throughout Maine. In response, this ethnic population modeled an appropriate resistance to the KKK's unyielding message of Americanism and nativism, helping to precipitate the demise of this reactionary mass movement.

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27

Laats, Adam. "Red Schoolhouse, Burning Cross: The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s and Educational Reform." History of Education Quarterly 52, no. 3 (2012): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2012.00402.x.

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On a hot afternoon in July 1923, former Dallas dentist and national Ku Klux Klan leader Hiram Evans took the podium at the first annual national meeting of the revived organization. By the time of this meeting, the Klan had again become infamous for its reputation of intolerance and vigilante violence. It had also become enormously popular among native-born white Protestants. In states such as Indiana and Colorado, the Klan briefly seized control of state and local politics. In spite of vigorous and scathing attacks from liberals and minority groups, between three and six million native-born P

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28

Sean Rost. "The Missouri Jewish Press and The Ku Klux Klan." Shofar 35, no. 2 (2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/shofar.35.2.0081.

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29

Ortiz, Paul, and Michael Newton. "The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida." Journal of Southern History 70, no. 4 (2004): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648615.

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30

Bowen, Deanna. "KU KLUX KLAN OF CANADA IMPERIAL DECREE, OPENING CEREMONY." Public 25, no. 49 (2014): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/public.25.49.31_7.

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31

Stewart, Bruce E. "Ku-Klux: The Birth of the Klan during Reconstruction." Journal of American History 104, no. 1 (2017): 196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jax051.

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32

Rost, Sean. "The Missouri Jewish Press and the Ku Klux Klan." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 35, no. 2 (2017): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2017.0003.

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33

Alexander, Charles C., and Wyn Craig Wade. "The Fiery Cross: The Ku Klux Klan in America." Journal of Southern History 55, no. 1 (1989): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2209745.

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34

Moore, William V. "The Invisible Empire: The Ku Klux Klan in Florida." Journal of American Ethnic History 22, no. 3 (2003): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27501339.

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35

Horowitz, David A. "The normality of extremism: The Ku Klux Klan revisited." Society 35, no. 6 (1998): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02686056.

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36

Lennard, Katherine J. "Brother Dixon: College Fraternities and the Ku Klux Klan." Journal of the Civil War Era 14, no. 1 (2024): 58–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwe.2024.a919854.

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Abstract: This essay argues that novelist Thomas Dixon Jr’s portrait of the Reconstruction Klan was heavily influenced by college fraternities, particularly the Kappa Alpha Order. Founded by Confederate veterans in 1865, Kappa Alpha fused ritualistic fraternalism with the myth of the Lost Cause. Dixon’s continued involvement with the Kappa Alpha Order, long after his college days, provided philosophical and aesthetic inspiration for his portrait of vigilante terrorists as white-robed Christian Knights. In his trilogy of Reconstruction novels— The Leopard’s Spots (1902) , The Clansman (1905), a

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37

Aprile, César Alexandre da Silva. "OS LOUCOS ANOS 20: TULSA E A GUERRA RACIAL." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 8, no. 7 (2022): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v8i7.6318.

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Este artigo buscou analisar “O Massacre de Tulsa”, destacando a Ku Klux Klan como objeto de pesquisa, no desenvolvimento da “Guerra Racial”, que se intensificou nas primeiras décadas do século XX nos Estados Unidos, a partir do legado material do ativista Malcolm X e, consequentemente, o Partido dos Panteras Negras para Autodefesa.

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38

Pegram, Thomas R. "Hoodwinked: The Anti-Saloon League and the Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Prohibition Enforcement." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 7, no. 1 (2008): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400001742.

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The relationship between the Anti-Saloon League and the Ku Klux Klan in support of national prohibition has been a source of controversy since the 1920s. Both the ASL and the KKK acted to enforce prohibition, the ASL through legal and political means, the KKK through grassroots political pressure and extralegal vigilante methods. Wet observers and, more recently, historians of the Klan movement claimed that the ASL cooperated with the Invisible Empire in direct enforcement of dry laws. ASL activists and prohibition historians, in turn, denied league involvement with the intolerant, occasionall

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39

SHAKH, M. L. "Ku Klux Klan – «the White» Terror of the XXI Century." Law and innovations, no. 4 (28) (2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31359/2311-4894-2019-28-4-82.

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40

Boskin, Joseph, and Leonard J. Moore. "Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 24, no. 2 (1993): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205402.

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41

Schwieder, Dorothy. "A Farmer and the Ku Klux Klan in Northwest Iowa." Annals of Iowa 61, no. 3 (2002): 286–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0003-4827.10596.

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42

Blee, Kathleen M., Leonard J. Moore, and Richard K. Tucker. "Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928." Journal of American History 79, no. 3 (1992): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080914.

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43

Trelease, Allen W., and Lou Falkner Williams. "The Great South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials, 1871-1872." Journal of Southern History 63, no. 4 (1997): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211759.

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44

Heikkilä, Niko. "Racial Myths and the Civil Rights-Era Ku Klux Klan." American Studies in Scandinavia 53, no. 1 (2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v53i1.6224.

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45

MICHAEL JACOBS. "Co-Opting Christian Chorales: Songs of the Ku Klux Klan." American Music 28, no. 3 (2010): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/americanmusic.28.3.0368.

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46

Lund, Darren E. "Keeping Canada British: The Ku Klux Klan in 1920s Saskatchewan." Nova Religio 18, no. 4 (2014): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2015.18.4.122.

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47

Bellesiles, Michael A., and Lou Falkner Williams. "The Great South Carolina Ku Klux Klan Trials, 1871-1872." American Journal of Legal History 42, no. 2 (1998): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/846223.

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48

Goldberg, Robert A. "Ku Klux Kulture: America and the Klan in the 1920s." Journal of American History 105, no. 4 (2019): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz115.

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49

Straumanis, Andris. "Ku Klux Kulture: America and the Klan in the 1920s." American Journalism 35, no. 4 (2018): 518–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08821127.2018.1529497.

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50

Gavaler, Chris. "The Ku Klux Klan and the birth of the superhero." Journal of Graphic Novels & Comics 4, no. 2 (2013): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21504857.2012.747976.

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