Academic literature on the topic 'Kubelka-Munk'

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Journal articles on the topic "Kubelka-Munk"

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Loyalka, S. K., and C. A. Riggs. "Inverse Problem in Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Equations." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 8 (August 1995): 1107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964976.

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In diffuse reflectance spectroscopy the Kubelka-Munk equations have been used extensively. These equations provide simple solutions to the inverse problem of obtaining information on the scattering and absorption cross sections from reflected light. Proof is provided that the basic Kubelka-Munk equation [Formula: see text] should be replaced by the equation [Formula: see text] and that the Kubelka-Munk function [Formula: see text] should be replaced by the function [Formula: see text] Here r( x) is the reflectance; s is the scattering cross section (cm−1); a = ( k + s)/ s, where k is the absorption cross section (cm−1); and R∞ is the reflection coefficient of an infinitely thick sample. We note, however, that because of a redefinition of a carried out by Kubelka and Munk in the process of their calculations, the scattering cross section s calculated from their expression [Formula: see text] is correct. But the Kubelka-Munk theory still overestimates k by a factor of two.
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Bonham, James S. "Fluorescence and kubelka-munk theory." Color Research & Application 11, no. 3 (1986): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080110310.

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AKPINAR, Ömer, Ahmet BİLGİLİ, Mustafa ÖZTÜRK, and Süleyman ÖZÇELİK. "Optical Properties of AlInN/AlN HEMTs in Detail." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.954421.

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In this study, the optical properties of AlInN/AlN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure, grown on c-oriented sapphire with Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) technique, being investigated. Optical characterization is made Kubelka- Munk method. Transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance are investigated in detail. Also, the Kubelka-Munk theory is employed to determine the forbidden energy band gap of InN by using special functions. The energy band gap obtained by this method was compared.
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Yang, Hong Ying, Jin Li Zhou, Zhi Wen Que, and Xiao Dan Ma. "The Influence of Dye Concentration on Kubelka-Munk Fundamental Optical Parameters of Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.481.

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Kubelka-Munk theory and a functional hypothesis on the relationship between colored turbid materials and colorant concentration (the so called additivity color-mixing law) work together and play an important role in color science and technology. This paper is to investigate the relations between the dye concentration and the Kubelka-Munk fundamental optical parameters through a series of systematical experiments, data processing and analyzing on fabrics dyed by disperse dyes. The experimental results question the hypothesis.
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Shen, Jing, Ya Li, and Ji-Huan He. "On the Kubelka–Munk absorption coefficient." Dyes and Pigments 127 (April 2016): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.11.029.

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Cho, A. Ra, Su Ji Kim, Jun Bae Lee, Geon Young Sim, Min Back, Eun Seul Cho, Ji Hui Jang, et al. "A Study of Skin Reflectance Using Kubelka-Munk Model." Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15230/scsk.2016.42.1.45.

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Gunde, M. Klanjšek, J. Kožar Logar, Z. Crnjak Orel, and B. Orel. "Application of the Kubelka-Munk Theory to Thickness-Dependent Diffuse Reflectance of Black Paints in the Mid-IR." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 5 (May 1995): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964165.

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The Kubelka-Munk theory is applied to the thickness-dependent diffuse reflectance of black-painted samples in the mid-IR. The calculated absorption and scattering coefficients are wavenumber-dependent. The reflectance of the nonideal backing also shows spectral features, which is attributed to the reflections from the boundary surface between the scattering medium and the substrate. The spectral dependence of scattering penetration depth is caused by the scattering and absorption processes. At some wavenumbers, the diffuse reflectance is independent of layer thickness, because of particular values of the parameters of the applied theory. The application of the Kubelka-Munk function is discussed.
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Vöge, Markus, and Klaus Simon. "The Kubelka–Munk model and Dyck paths." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2007, no. 02 (February 22, 2007): P02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2007/02/p02018.

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Centore, Paul. "Enforcing Kubelka–Munk constraints for opaque paints." Coloration Technology 136, no. 6 (November 10, 2020): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12497.

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Vargas, William E., and Gunnar A. Niklasson. "Applicability conditions of the Kubelka–Munk theory." Applied Optics 36, no. 22 (August 1, 1997): 5580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.005580.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kubelka-Munk"

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Westland, S. "The optical properties of printing inks." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383339.

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Ferreira, Marta Sofia dos Anjos. "Aplicação do modelo de Kubelka-Munk à análise de filmes semicondutores." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2632.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Física
Com este trabalho, pretendeu-se efectuar a caracterização de algunsparâmetros ópticos de filmes semicondutores, recorrendo a medidas dereflectância difusa, com o objectivo principal de determinar a energia de hiatodesses materiais. Desenvolveu-se um algoritmo computacional com base no modelo de Kubelka-Munk, modificando as expressões originais de acordo com as característicasdo filme e do tipo de iluminação utilizado. Optimizaram-se os resultados,aplicando o método do gradiente espectral projectado. A partir deste método,obtiveram-se os valores dos parâmetros do índice de refracção, espessura,coeficiente de dispersão e coeficiente de absorção, a partir do qual sedeterminou a energia de hiato do material. Testou-se o algoritmo no caso deum filme de dióxido de titânio (fase rutilo) num substrato de titânio, tendo sidopossível comparar com os resultados encontrados na literatura. Aplicou-se omesmo no caso de duas amostras de dióxido de titânio (fase anatáse)depositadas sobre um substrato de molibdénio, tendo-se obtido uma energiade hiato de 3,27 e 3,18 eV. ABSTRACT: With this work, it was pretended to do the characterization of some opticalparameters of semiconductor films, through diffuse reflectance measurements.The main objective was to determine the bandgap energy of those materials. A computational algorithm based on the Kubelka-Munk was developed,modifying the original expressions according to the film characteristics and thesort of illumination used. The results were optimized, applying the spectralprojected gradient method. Values for the refraction index, thickness,dispersion and absorption coefficient were obtained. The bandgap energy wasdetermined from the latter parameter. The algorithm was tested for a rutiletitanium dioxide film deposited on a titanium substrate, and from these results itwas possible to compare with the values from literature. The same algorithmwas applied in the case of two samples of anatase titanium dioxide depositedon a molibdenium substrate. A bandgap energy of 3.27 and 3.18 eV wasobtained.
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Gonçalves, Ítalo Gomes. "Determinação da concentração de contaminantes no caolim através da teoria de Kubelka-Munk." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17160.

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O caolim é uma argila utilizada em diversos ramos da indústria: papel, tintas, plásticos, borrachas, produtos farmacêuticos, cosméticos e alimentícios, entre outros. Os caolins da região amazônica estão entre os melhores do mundo e as suas reservas estão entre as mais abundantes. Apesar de a sua lavra ser relativamente simples e barata, o processamento do caolim pode ser problemático em algumas ocasiões devido à presença de minerais contaminantes, principalmente hematita, goethita e anatásio. A alvura, principal parâmetro de qualidade do produto, é insuficiente para detectar a presença destes minerais no caolim in situ e ao longo das etapas de beneficiamento, e devido a isto ocorrem situações onde o minério não atinge as especificações de qualidade ao final do processo ou é mal aproveitado. Portanto, este trabalho desenvolveu uma técnica para a estimativa da concentração destes minerais contaminantes no caolim, proporcionando assim um maior controle do processo de beneficiamento e facilitando a sua classificação como minério ou estéril. Esta técnica é baseada na teoria de Kubelka-Munk, que utiliza o espectro de reflectância, no presente caso medido na região visível. Foi necessário o desenvolvimento de alguns procedimentos teóricos e experimentais para a aplicação da teoria ao caolim, que possibilitaram a realização de medidas de concentração a nível semi-quantitativo. Apesar de algumas dificuldades de ordem experimental encontradas, esta nova técnica tem potencial para reduzir custos operacionais e maximizar as reservas.
Kaolin is a clay used in many sections of the industry: paper, paints, plastics, rubbers and pharmacy, cosmetic and food products. The kaolins in Amazon region are among the best in the world and their reserves are among the most abundant. Besides its mining being relatively simple and cheap, kaolin processing can be problematic in certain cases due to the presence of contaminant minerals, mainly hematite, goethite and anatase. Brightness, the principal quality parameter of the final product, is insufficient for detecting the presence of these minerals on the kaolin in situ and along its processing, leading to situations where the ore fail quality specifications or is badly used to advantage. Therefore, this work developed a technique to estimate the concentration of these minerals in kaolin, providing then a better control over the process and facilitating kaolin classification between ore and waste. This technique is based on Kubelka-Munk theory, which uses the reflectance spectrum, in the present case measured in the visible range. It was necessary to develop some theoretical and experimental procedures to apply the theory on kaolin, which enabled concentration measurements with semiquantitative precision. Aside some practical difficulties encountered, this new technique brings the potential to reduce operational costs and maximize reserves.
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Silva, e. Souza Cristiane Aparecida. "Filmes compositos de fosfato de aluminio e latex = morfologia e propriedades oticas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250326.

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Orientador: Fernando Galembeck
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T06:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilvaeSouza_CristianeAparecida_D.pdf: 8520514 bytes, checksum: 17e73481eda5f744b4ec360be3455823 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: A morfologia de filmes compósitos preparados com fosfato de alumínio e látexes de poli(metacrilato de metila-co-acrilato de butila) e de poli(estireno-co-acrilato de butila) foi caracterizada por técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e de varredura (TEM, SEM) e por técnicas de microscopia de varredura por sonda (AFM, DPFM). O grau de opacidade (razão de contraste) e os cálculos de coeficiente de espalhamento das partículas de fosfato de alumínio nos filmes compósitos foram obtidos através dos espectros de refletância. As micrografias das superfícies de desbaste dos filmes compósitos mostraram espaços vazios entre os agregados de partículas de fosfato de alumínio dispersos pela matriz polimérica. A adesão entre os agregados de partículas de fosfato de alumínio e polímero é muito boa nas interfaces de contato. A refletância dos filmes compósitos varia amplamente, dependendo da concentração das partículas de fosfato de alumínio, assim como da sua forma de uso em pó ou em dispersão e da dimensão dos espaços vazios entre os agregados de partículas. Os resultados das medidas óticas de opacidade mostraram que os filmes compósitos mais opacos foram os obtidos com fosfato de alumínio na forma de pó e com a dimensão dos vazios entre os agregados de partículas na mesma ordem de grandeza que o comprimento de onda da luz na região do visível (400 a 700 nm). Os coeficientes de espalhamento dos filmes de fosfato de alumínio/poli(estireno-co-acrilato de butila) foram calculados empiricamente usando o modelo de Kubelka-Munk e os resultados mostraram que os vazios contidos nos agregados de partículas de fosfato de alumínio justificam a opacidade dos filmes. O filme mais opaco, com razão de contraste de 88 %, apresentou ampla distribuição de dimensão dos vazios com média numérica igual a 650 nm. Além disso, os valores obtidos dos coeficientes de espalhamento experimentais são muito próximos dos coeficientes de espalhamento estimados pela teoria de Mie. A eficiência de espalhamento, predita pela teoria de Mie, de uma bolha de ar rodeada por fosfato de alumínio com diâmetro médio de 650 nm é apenas 12 % menor que a eficiência de espalhamento de uma partícula de dióxido de titânio, no seu diâmetro ótimo de 350 nm, dispersa no mesmo meio
Abstract: Composite films prepared with aluminum phosphate and latex of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) and poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) were characterized by electronic microscopy (TEM, SEM) and by different techniques of scanning probe microscopy (AFM, DPFM). Opacity (contrast ratio) and light scattering coefficients of composite films were obtained from reflectance spectra. SEM and TEM micrographs from composite films trimmed surfaces or thin cuts showed voids within aluminum phosphate particle aggregates. The adhesion between aluminum phosphate particle aggregates and polymer is very good at contact interfaces. Composite films reflectance changes widely, depending on void diameters, on aluminum phosphate particle concentration, as well as its use in the form of powder or dispersion. Opacity results showed that the most opaque composite films were obtained with aluminum phosphate powder and with void diameters in the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of light in the visible region (400 to 700 nm). Scattering coefficients of aluminum phosphate/poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) films were calculated empirically using the Kubelka-Munk model and the results showed that the observed voids account for films opacity. The most opaque composite film shows contrast ratio equal to 88 % and a broad distribution of void diameters, peaking at ca. 650 nm. Film scattering coefficient of the observed voids was calculated using Mie theory to evaluate their contribution to film opacity showing that the measured and estimated values are in reasonable agreement. The Mie calculations show that scattering efficiency for air trapped within the phosphate particles dispersed in polymer latex is in excess of 4 units in the 650 nm diameter range, which is only 12 % lower than the calculated values for optimum size TiO2 particles (350 nm) dispersed in the same polymer
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências
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O'Brien, Patrick Michael. "A framework for digital watercolor." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/86068.

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This research develops an extendible framework for reproducing watercolor in a digital environment, with a focus on interactivity using the GPU. The framework uses the lattice Boltzmann method, a relatively new approach to fluid dynamics, and the Kubelka-Munk reflectance model to capture the optical properties of watercolor. The work is demonstrated through several paintings produced using the system.
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Jesus, Leandro Gustavo Mendes de. "Estimação do teor de cinzas da camada I do carvão do leão através da reflectância utilizando a teoria Kubelka-Munk." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163403.

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O principal parâmetro de avaliação da qualidade de carvões para uso na geração de energia termoelétrica é o percentual de cinzas. Em uma planta de beneficiamento, saber o percentual de cinzas da alimentação, concentrado e rejeito é de suma importância para os ajustes nos equipamentos de concentração. No caso do carvão da camada I1 do depósito mineral do Leão a janela de tempo entre o ponto mais adequado para amostragem e o fim da campanha de beneficiamento não propicia que se conheça o teor de cinzas da alimentação do processo de beneficiamento. Em virtude disso, este trabalho tem como objetivo de fornecer uma estimativa confiável do teor de cinzas da alimentação para propiciar a aplicação na planta de beneficiamento. Para esse intento utilizou-se a teoria de Kubelka-Munk que por meio de sua expressão matemática transforma a reflectância em uma grandeza aditiva que propicia a estimativa das porcentagens de matéria orgânica e mineral contida no carvão devido a diferença de reflectância entre esses materiais. Como resultado final foram gerados diversos modelos com intuito de verificar qual deles se adaptava melhor aos dados. Por fim, foi possível concluir que há possibilidade de estimar o teor de cinzas de carvão por meio da reflectância e com confiabilidade de 96,78% que toda a leitura agrega um erro máximo de ± 5% para o melhor modelo.
The main parameter in quality evaluation of coals employed in power generation is the ash content. In a beneficiation plant, knowing the ash content of the feed, concentrate an tailings is mandatory to set up the concentration equipment. In the case of the I1 coal seam of Leão’s deposit the time window between sampling routine and beneficiation routine does not allow to know the feed ash content before the beneficiation process. By this reason, this work aims to provide a reliable estimative of the feed ash content to propitiate its application in the beneficiation plant. For this purpose it was used Kubelka-Munk’s theory that, by using a mathematic expression, transforms reflectance into a additive quantity which allows to estimate mineral and organic matter present in coal by the difference of reflectance between these materials. As result, it was generated several models in order to analyze which one is better suited to the data. Finally, as a conclusion, it is possible to infer the ash content of coal by reflectance with confidence of 96,78% that all measure brings up a maximum error of ± 5% for the best model.
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Carney, Melody Noelle. "The Impact of the Optical Phenomena of Color Adjustment Potential and Kubelka-Munk Layering of Dental Composite Resins on Modern Esthetic Dentistry." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429403504.

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Mikhail, Sarah Shawky. "Optical Properties of Two Brands of Composite Restorative Materials and Confirmation of Theoretical Predictions for Layering." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1316436113.

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Dyer, Thomas J. "Elucidating the formation and chemistry of chromophores during kraft pulping." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/ipstetd-1018/.

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Granberg, Hjalmar. "Optical Response From Paper : Angle-dependent Light Scattering Measurements, Modelling, and Analysis." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Production Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3629.

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Book chapters on the topic "Kubelka-Munk"

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Gooch, Jan W. "“b”, Kubelka-Munk." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_951.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Kubelka-Munk Equation." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 414–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6719.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Kubelka-Munk Theory." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 415. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6720.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Scattering Coefficient, Kubelka-Munk." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 647. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10323.

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Diebold, Michael P. "The Kubelka–Munk Framework and Measuring Opacity." In Application of Light Scattering to Coatings, 59–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12015-7_3.

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Hempelmann, Uwe. "4. Kubelka-Munk function for opaque layers." In Colour Technology of Coatings, 149–51. Hannover, Germany: Vincentz Network, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783748600282-020.

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Hempelmann, Uwe. "6. Kubelka-Munk equation for transparent layers." In Colour Technology of Coatings, 156–57. Hannover, Germany: Vincentz Network, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783748600282-022.

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Yoshimura, Humberto Naoyuki, Marcelo Mendes Pinto, Erick de Lima, and Paulo Francisco Cesar. "Optical Properties of Dental Bioceramics Evaluated by Kubelka-Munk Model." In Biomaterials Science: Processing, Properties and Applications III, 71–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118751015.ch9.

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Berndt, Harald. "A Reexamination of Paper Yellowing and the Kubelka—Munk Theory." In ACS Symposium Series, 81–91. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1989-0410.ch006.

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Annala, Leevi, and Ilkka Pölönen. "Kubelka–Munk Model and Stochastic Model Comparison in Skin Physical Parameter Retrieval." In Intelligent Systems, Control and Automation: Science and Engineering, 137–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70787-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kubelka-Munk"

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Sandoval, Christopher, and Arnold D. Kim. "Generalizing and extending Kubelka-Munk theory." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2015.jth2a.21.

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Sandoval, Christopher, and Arnold D. Kim. "Generalizing and extending Kubelka-Munk theory." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2015.fth2a.4.

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Abebe, Mekides, Jérémie Gerhardt, and Jon Y. Hardeberg. "Kubelka-Munk theory for efficient spectral printer modeling." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Reiner Eschbach, Gabriel G. Marcu, and Alessandro Rizzi. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.872830.

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Westland, Stephen, Laura Iovine, and John M. Bishop. "Kubelka-Munk or neural networks for computer colorant formulation?" In 9th Congress of the International Color Association, edited by Robert Chung and Allan Rodrigues. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.464656.

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Alcaraz de la Osa, Rodrigo, Andrea Fernández Pérez, Yael Gutiérrez, Dolores Ortiz, Franciso González, Fernando Moreno, and Jose M. Saiz. "The extended Kubelka-Munk theory and its application to colloidal systems." In Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics, edited by Manuel Filipe P. Martins Costa. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2272115.

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Doi, Motonori, and Shoji Tominaga. "Spectral estimation of human skin color using the Kubelka-Munk theory." In Electronic Imaging 2003, edited by Reiner Eschbach and Gabriel G. Marcu. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472026.

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Yang, Yuanlong, Edward J. Celmer, Jason A. Koutcher, and Robert R. Alfano. "DNA and protein change in tissues probed by Kubelka-Munk spectral function." In BiOS 2000 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, edited by Robert R. Alfano. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.382744.

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Drakaki, Helen, Myrsini Makropoulou, and Alexander A. Serafetinides. "Optical properties of tissue simulators based on laser induced spectroscopy and scattering measurements." In European Conference on Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ecbo.2001.4432_48.

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Measurements of the tissue optical parameters and the theoretical modeling of the light propagation in biological tissues is very important for real time laser treatment dosimetry and noninvasive diagnosis. An integrating sphere based technique was used to determine the tissue optical properties. Soft tissue – like phantoms were irradiated with visible lasers and the optical parameters were compared with results calculated from the Beer’s law model of light propagation and the Kubelka - Munk simulation.
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Joseph, Richard I., and Michael E. Thomas. "How accurate is the Kubelka-Munk theory of diffuse reflection? A quantitative answer." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Leonard M. Hanssen. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.929948.

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Shi, Guoyun, Na Dong, and Yixin Zhang. "color prediction for print based on kubelka-munk theory and under ink penetration." In IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, edited by Reiner Eschbach, Gabriel G. Marcu, Shoji Tominaga, and Alessandro Rizzi. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.810111.

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