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Journal articles on the topic 'Kubelka-Munk'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Loyalka, S. K., and C. A. Riggs. "Inverse Problem in Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Accuracy of the Kubelka-Munk Equations." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 8 (August 1995): 1107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964976.

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In diffuse reflectance spectroscopy the Kubelka-Munk equations have been used extensively. These equations provide simple solutions to the inverse problem of obtaining information on the scattering and absorption cross sections from reflected light. Proof is provided that the basic Kubelka-Munk equation [Formula: see text] should be replaced by the equation [Formula: see text] and that the Kubelka-Munk function [Formula: see text] should be replaced by the function [Formula: see text] Here r( x) is the reflectance; s is the scattering cross section (cm−1); a = ( k + s)/ s, where k is the absorption cross section (cm−1); and R∞ is the reflection coefficient of an infinitely thick sample. We note, however, that because of a redefinition of a carried out by Kubelka and Munk in the process of their calculations, the scattering cross section s calculated from their expression [Formula: see text] is correct. But the Kubelka-Munk theory still overestimates k by a factor of two.

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2

Bonham, James S. "Fluorescence and kubelka-munk theory." Color Research & Application 11, no. 3 (1986): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080110310.

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3

AKPINAR, Ömer, Ahmet BİLGİLİ, Mustafa ÖZTÜRK, and Süleyman ÖZÇELİK. "Optical Properties of AlInN/AlN HEMTs in Detail." Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31466/kfbd.954421.

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In this study, the optical properties of AlInN/AlN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structure, grown on c-oriented sapphire with Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) technique, being investigated. Optical characterization is made Kubelka- Munk method. Transmittance, absorbance, and reflectance are investigated in detail. Also, the Kubelka-Munk theory is employed to determine the forbidden energy band gap of InN by using special functions. The energy band gap obtained by this method was compared.

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4

Yang, Hong Ying, Jin Li Zhou, Zhi Wen Que, and Xiao Dan Ma. "The Influence of Dye Concentration on Kubelka-Munk Fundamental Optical Parameters of Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.481.

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Kubelka-Munk theory and a functional hypothesis on the relationship between colored turbid materials and colorant concentration (the so called additivity color-mixing law) work together and play an important role in color science and technology. This paper is to investigate the relations between the dye concentration and the Kubelka-Munk fundamental optical parameters through a series of systematical experiments, data processing and analyzing on fabrics dyed by disperse dyes. The experimental results question the hypothesis.

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5

Shen, Jing, Ya Li, and Ji-Huan He. "On the Kubelka–Munk absorption coefficient." Dyes and Pigments 127 (April 2016): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.11.029.

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6

Cho, A. Ra, Su Ji Kim, Jun Bae Lee, Geon Young Sim, Min Back, Eun Seul Cho, Ji Hui Jang, et al. "A Study of Skin Reflectance Using Kubelka-Munk Model." Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea 42, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15230/scsk.2016.42.1.45.

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7

Gunde, M. Klanjšek, J. Kožar Logar, Z. Crnjak Orel, and B. Orel. "Application of the Kubelka-Munk Theory to Thickness-Dependent Diffuse Reflectance of Black Paints in the Mid-IR." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 5 (May 1995): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953964165.

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The Kubelka-Munk theory is applied to the thickness-dependent diffuse reflectance of black-painted samples in the mid-IR. The calculated absorption and scattering coefficients are wavenumber-dependent. The reflectance of the nonideal backing also shows spectral features, which is attributed to the reflections from the boundary surface between the scattering medium and the substrate. The spectral dependence of scattering penetration depth is caused by the scattering and absorption processes. At some wavenumbers, the diffuse reflectance is independent of layer thickness, because of particular values of the parameters of the applied theory. The application of the Kubelka-Munk function is discussed.

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8

Vöge, Markus, and Klaus Simon. "The Kubelka–Munk model and Dyck paths." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2007, no. 02 (February 22, 2007): P02018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2007/02/p02018.

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9

Centore, Paul. "Enforcing Kubelka–Munk constraints for opaque paints." Coloration Technology 136, no. 6 (November 10, 2020): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cote.12497.

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10

Vargas, William E., and Gunnar A. Niklasson. "Applicability conditions of the Kubelka–Munk theory." Applied Optics 36, no. 22 (August 1, 1997): 5580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.005580.

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11

Myrick, Michael L., Michael N. Simcock, Megan Baranowski, Heather Brooke, Stephen L. Morgan, and Jessica N. McCutcheon. "The Kubelka-Munk Diffuse Reflectance Formula Revisited." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 46, no. 2 (February 24, 2011): 140–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2010.537004.

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12

Sandoval, Christopher, and Arnold D. Kim. "Deriving Kubelka–Munk theory from radiative transport." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 31, no. 3 (February 21, 2014): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.31.000628.

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13

Vargas, William E. "Inversion methods from Kubelka$ndash$Munk analysis." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 4, no. 4 (June 6, 2002): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/4/4/314.

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14

Dahm, Donald J. "Why Does the Kubelka—Munk Equation “Fail”?" NIR news 14, no. 2 (April 2003): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.709.

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15

Dahm, Donald J. "Re-Calibrating Kubelka—Munk: Which Absorption Coefficient?" NIR news 14, no. 3 (June 2003): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.717.

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16

Law, Donald P., Anthony B. Blakeney, and Russell Tkachuk. "The Kubelka–Munk Equation: Some Practical Considerations." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 4, no. 1 (January 1996): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.89.

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Notwithstanding that the Kubelka–Munk function [F( R)] is the theoretically preffered treatment, relative to log 1/ r, for reflectance data, it has found little favour with workers in near infrared (NIR) reflectance. The most often quoted advantage for F( R) is an improvement in linearity with concentration, which occurs when measurements are made over a wide range of reflection and concentration. However, the practice in NIR is to limit the reflectance range by standardising the method of sample preparation. Hence, the linearity of log 1/ r is not an issue. However, is this restriction on sample preparation methodology a result of the use of log 1/ r? This study shows that moisture changes in ground wheat fractions are linear with F( R) and curvilinear with log 1/ r, and demonstrates that a calibration for moisture in wheat based on F( R) and a large reflectance range, can be successfully transferred to an instrument substantially different from that used to develop the calibration.

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17

Yang, Li, and Björn Kruse. "Revised Kubelka–Munk theory I Theory and application." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 21, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.21.001933.

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18

Nobbs, James H. "Kubelka-Munk Theory and the Prediction of Reflectance." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 15, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1985.tb03737.x.

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19

Shakespeare, Tarja, and John Shakespeare. "A fluorescent extension to the Kubelka-Munk model." Color Research & Application 28, no. 1 (December 30, 2002): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.10109.

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20

Brill, Michael H. "Calibrating low-scattering samples using Kubelka-Munk model." Color Research & Application 42, no. 1 (October 21, 2016): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.22096.

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21

Hembree, D. M., and H. R. Smyrl. "Anomalous Dispersion Effects in Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy: A Study of Optical Geometries." Applied Spectroscopy 43, no. 2 (February 1989): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702894203057.

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In this report, the two most common diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) optical geometries (on-axis and off-axis) are investigated in terms of adherence to the Kubelka-Munk theory. It was found that specular reflection, whether in the form of regular Fresnel reflection or diffuse Fresnel reflection, is the major cause of spectral distortion in typical diffuse reflectance measurements. A discussion of the origin of the variation in specular background associated with resonances is presented. Once the adverse effects of specular reflection are minimized, the linear relationship between response and concentration predicted by Kubelka-Munk theory was found to extend to concentrated samples. Up to a point, this was the case even for intense absorption bands where anomalous dispersion leads to large changes in specular intensity.

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22

Landi, Salmon. "Comment on “Kubelka-Munk function” – Ceram. Int. 47 (2021) 8218–8227 and “Kubelka-Munk equation” – Ceram. Int. 47 (2021) 13980–13993." Ceramics International 47, no. 19 (October 2021): 28055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.06.103.

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23

Zhao, Jun. "Analytical Solution to the Depth-of-Origin Profile of Transmission Raman Spectroscopy in Turbid Media Based on the Kubelka–Munk Model." Applied Spectroscopy 73, no. 9 (July 12, 2019): 1061–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819845914.

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An analytical formula to the depth-of-origin profile of transmission Raman spectroscopy in turbid media was derived from the one-dimensional (1D) Kubelka–Munk model. The depth-of-origin profile of the transmitted Raman is proportional to the excitation intensity profile and the transmittance profile, which are two functions of similar forms. The effect of scattering, absorption, and signal-enhancing reflectors are incorporated into the formula. Depth-of-origin profile of a model sample was measured at better than 0.2 mm resolution and fits the formula reasonably well. Conical reflective cavities placed at the front and/or back of the sample enhanced the signal significantly; the relationship among the enhancement functions is verified by the formula. Optical parameters derived from the fitting are compared to theoretical value predicted by optical ray tracing and direct measurements; discrepancies are related to deficiency of the 1D Kubelka–Munk model.

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24

Hongying Yang, Sukang Zhu, and Ning Pan. "On the Kubelka—Munk Single-Constant/Two-Constant Theories." Textile Research Journal 80, no. 3 (November 20, 2009): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517508099914.

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25

Kokhanovsky, Alexander A. "Physical interpretation and accuracy of the Kubelka–Munk theory." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 40, no. 7 (March 16, 2007): 2210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/40/7/053.

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26

Sandoval, Christopher, and Arnold D. Kim. "Extending generalized Kubelka–Munk to three-dimensional radiative transfer." Applied Optics 54, no. 23 (August 6, 2015): 7045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.007045.

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27

Abdul-Rahman, Alfie, and Min Chen. "Spectral Volume Rendering based on the Kubelka-Munk Theory." Computer Graphics Forum 24, no. 3 (September 2005): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2005.00866.x.

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28

Brill, Michael H., and Ya Qi Li. "Note calibrating low-scattering samples using Kubelka-Munk model." Color Research & Application 41, no. 4 (May 11, 2015): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21965.

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29

Kozlova, Svetlana G., Maxim R. Ryzhikov, Vladimir R. Shayapov, and Denis G. Samsonenko. "Effect of spin–phonon interactions on Urbach tails in flexible [M2(bdc)2(dabco)]." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 27 (2020): 15242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01944e.

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The optical properties of MOFs [M₂(bdc)₂(dabco)] (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) in the wavelength region of 300–1000 nm were studied, the electronic band-to-band transitions were determined and characterized by the Kubelka–Munk approach and DFT calculations.

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30

George, Prince, and Pradip Chowdhury. "Complex dielectric transformation of UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra for estimating optical band-gap energies and materials classification." Analyst 144, no. 9 (2019): 3005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8an02257g.

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In this work, a complex dielectric transformation of UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra is proposed to estimate the optical band-gap energies of an array of materials classified as semi-conductors, conductors and insulators and the results are compared with the more common Kubelka–Munk (K–M) transformation.

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31

Shahin, Ali, Moustafa Sayem El-Daher, and Wesam Bachir. "Determination of the optical properties of Intralipid 20% over a broadband spectrum." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.843.

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The aim of this study is to characterize the optical properties of Intralipid20% using two methods modified Kubelka-Munk model and Mie theory and to test the applicability of a modified Kubelka-Munk model with a single integrating sphere system over a wide wavelength range 470 – 725nm. Scattering coefficients which estimated by these two methods were matched and the absorption effect was observed and quantified. Finally, the imaginary part of the refractive index was estimated besides scattering, absorption and anisotropy coefficients. Full Text: PDF ReferencesB.W. Pogue, and M.S. Patterson, "Review of tissue simulating phantoms for optical spectroscopy, imaging and dosimetry", J. Biomed. Opt. 11, 4(2006). CrossRef J. Hwang, C. Ramella-Roman, and R. Nordstrom, "Introduction: Feature Issue on Phantoms for the Performance Evaluation and Validation of Optical Medical Imaging Devices", Biomed. Opt. Express. 3, 6(2012). CrossRef P. Ninni, F. Martelli, and G. Zaccanti, "Intralipid: towards a diffusive reference standard for optical tissue phantoms", Phys. Med. Biol 56, 2(2011). CrossRef S. Flock, S. Jacques, B. Wilson, W. Star, and J.C. van Gemert, "Optical properties of intralipid: A phantom medium for light propagation studies", Lasers. Surg. Med 4, 12(1992). CrossRef R. Michels, F. Foschum, and A. Kienle, "Optical properties of fat emulsions", Opt. Express. 16, 8(2008). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Calibration of scattering and absorption properties of a liquid diffusive medium at NIR wavelengths. Time-resolved method", Opt. Express. 15, 11(2007). CrossRef L. Spinelli et al. "Determination of reference values for optical properties of liquid phantoms based on Intralipid and India ink", Biomed. Opt. Express. 5, 7(2014). CrossRef H. van Staveren, C. Moes, J. van Marle, S. Prahl, and J. van Gemert, "Light scattering in lntralipid-10% in the wavelength range of 400–1100 nm", Appl. Opt. 30, 31(1991). CrossRef B. Wilson, M. Patterson, and S. Flock, "Indirect versus direct techniques for the measurement of the optical properties of tissues", Photochem. Photobiol. 46, 5(1987). CrossRef H. Soleimanzad, H. Gurden, and F. Pain, "Optical properties of mice skull bone in the 455- to 705-nm range", J. Biomed. Opt. 22, 1(2017). CrossRef C. Holmer et al. "Optical properties of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction", J. Biomed. Opt. 12, 1(2007). CrossRef S. Thennadil, "Relationship between the Kubelka–Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients", OSA. 25, 7(2008). CrossRef L. Yang, and B. Kruse, "Qualifying the arguments used in the derivation of the revised Kubelka–Munk theory: reply", OSA. 21, 10(2004). CrossRef W. Vargas, and G. Niklasson, "Applicability conditions of the Kubelka–Munk theory", Appl. Opt. 36, 22(1997). CrossRef A. Krainov, A. Mokeeva, E. Segeeva, P. Agrba, and M. Kirillin, "Optical properties of mouse biotissues and their optical phantoms", Opt. Spec. 115, 2(2013). CrossRef H.C. van de Hulst, Light Scattering by Small Particles. (New York, Dover Publication 1981). CrossRef C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption. (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink C. Matzler, Matlab Functions for Mie Scattering and Absorption, version 2 (Bern, Bern university 2002). DirectLink G. Segelstein, The complex refractive index of water [dissertation]. (Kansas, university of Missouri-Kansas city 1981). DirectLink A. Shahin, and W. Bachir, Pol. J. Med. Phys. Eng. 21, 4(2017). CrossRef

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32

Zhou, Hua, Chun Yan Wang, and Jiu Zhou. "Color Prediction for Weft-All-Coloring Jacquard Fabric Based on the Two-Constant Kubelka-Munk Theory." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2278.

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Weft-all-coloring jacquard fabric is smoother and plentiful. It looks stereoscopic impression. Because of complex fabric structures, color designing of jacquard fabric still remains a problem to be solved. In addition, there have not ideal colorful model to predict jacquard fabric structure. In view of the above problems, this study use four primary samples that red, yellow, green are used in weft yarn and white is used in warp to prepare many weft-all-coloring jacquard fabric of single-warp and double-weft. Though a large number of experimental color about a data-color 600 plus spectrophotometric, the theory of Kubelka-Munk absorption coefficients (K) and scattering coefficients (S) of all yarns and the color proportion of weft were calculated for jacquard fabric. The results indicate that the color difference is 1.5 CIELAB units, and the fitting error of the yarn’s proportion is about 2.1%. It shows that the two-constant Kubelka-Munk theory is suitable for predicting the color of weft jacquard fabric with all-coloring and color proportion.

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33

Wei, Yuh Chang, Wen Min Chou, and Chih Lang Chen. "The Performance of Computerized Spectrum Color Matching Based on Kubelka-Munk Theory and its Color Rendering on Offset Ink Sets." Advanced Materials Research 174 (December 2010): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.174.72.

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The purpose of the study intended to examine the performance of color rendering based on a computerized spectrum color matching (CSCM) method derived from the Kubelka-Munk theory. In the study, we prepared 2 offset ink sets to produce 30 standard color samples sets. The target color samples were measured by spectrophotometer to compare with the predicted values calculated by the CSCM model. The results showed that average measured color difference (∆E) via CIE L*a*b* and CIE DE2000 formulas between samples and CSCM predicted values averaged 5.89, 3.72 (∆Es), 6.94, 4.22(∆Epv), respectively. The measurements were fallen out the acceptable range of the tolerance of the industrial printing standards. The verification of CFI (Curve Fit Index) test came out with the same conclusion. As a result, we found that the computerized color matching formula derived from Kubelka-Munk theory still required further fine-tuning and more in-depth analysis. In addition, the reflectance database of the ink sets was another important factor affecting the performance of computer color matching model for precise colors prediction.

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34

Gabriela, Macaveiu. "Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Optics." ISRN Biomedical Engineering 2013 (December 30, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/464293.

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This paper presents a review of the phenomena regarding light-tissue interactions, especially absorption and scattering. The most important mathematical approaches for modeling the light transport in tissues and their domain of application: “first-order scattering,” “Kubelka-Munk theory,” “diffusion approximation,” “Monte Carlo simulation,” “inverse adding-doubling” and “finite element method” are briefly described.

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35

Yang, Li, and R. D. Hersch. "Kubelka-Munk Model for Imperfectly Diffuse Light Distribution in Paper." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 52, no. 3 (2008): 030201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2008)52:3(030201).

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36

Thennadil, Suresh N. "Relationship between the Kubelka-Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 25, no. 7 (June 3, 2008): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.25.001480.

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37

Sandoval, Christopher, and Arnold D. Kim. "Generalized Kubelka–Munk approximation for multiple scattering of polarized light." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 34, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.34.000153.

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38

Dahm, Donald J. "Re-Calibrating Kubelka—Munk: An Intuitive Model of Diffuse Reflectance." NIR news 14, no. 4 (August 2003): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/nirn.726.

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39

Johnston, William M., William J. O'Brien, and Tseng-Ying Tien. "Concentration additivity of kubelka-munk optical coefficients of porcelain mixtures." Color Research & Application 11, no. 2 (1986): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080110209.

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40

Brand, Ulrich. "Zur Bestimmung der Kubelka-Munk-Parameter lichtstreuender Materialien aus Transmissionsgraden." Zeitschrift für Chemie 13, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zfch.19730130427.

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41

Walowit, Eric, Cornelius J. McCarthy, and Roy S. Berns. "Spectrophotometric color matching based on two-constant kubelka-munk theory." Color Research & Application 13, no. 6 (December 1988): 358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.5080130606.

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42

Geladi, P., D. MacDougall, and H. Martens. "Linearization and Scatter-Correction for Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Meat." Applied Spectroscopy 39, no. 3 (May 1985): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702854248656.

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This paper is concerned with the quantitative analysis of multicomponent mixtures by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Near-infrared reflectance (NIRR) measurements are related to chemical composition but in a nonlinear way, and light scatter distorts the data. Various response linearizations of reflectance (R) are compared ( R with Saunderson correction for internal reflectance, log 1/ R, and Kubelka-Munk transformations and its inverse). A multi-wavelength concept for optical correction (Multiplicative Scatter Correction, MSC) is proposed for separating the chemical light absorption from the physical light scatter. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression is used as the multivariate linear calibration method for predicting fat in meat from linearized and scatter-corrected NIRR data over a broad concentration range. All the response linearization methods improved fat prediction when used with the MSC; corrected log 1/ R and inverse Kubelka-Munk transformations yielded the best results. The MSC provided simpler calibration models with good correspondence to the expected physical model of meat. The scatter coefficients obtained from the MSC correlated with fat content, indicating that fat affects the NIRR of meat with an additive absorption component and a multiplicative scatter component.

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43

Trout, T. K., J. M. Bellama, F. E. Brinckman, and R. A. Faltynek. "Fourier transform infrared analysis of ceramic powders: Quantitative determination of alpha, beta, and amorphous phases of silicon nitride." Journal of Materials Research 4, no. 2 (April 1989): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1989.0399.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) forms the basis for determining the morphological composition of mixtures containing alpha, beta, and amorphous phases of silicon nitride. The analytical technique, involving multiple linear regression treatment of Kubelka-Munk absorbance values from diffuse reflectance measurements, yields specific percent composition data for the amorphous phase as well as the crystalline phases in ternary mixtures of 0–1% by weight Si3N4 in potassium bromide.

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44

Brimmer, Paul J., and Peter R. Griffiths. "Angular Dependence of Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectra. Part III: Linearity of Kubelka-Munk Plots." Applied Spectroscopy 42, no. 2 (February 1988): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702884428293.

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The linearity of plots of the Kubelka-Munk function against concentration is investigated for weak and strong absorption bands in the spectrum of a typical organic analyte, caffeine. The linear region is extended when measurements are made with an off-axis optical geometry, in comparison to an in-line configuration. For the latter configuration, the linearity is improved when crossed polarizers are placed before and after the sample.

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45

Yang, L., and R. D. Hersch. "Erratum: “Kubelka-Munk Model for Imperfectly Diffuse Light Distribution in Paper”." Journal of Imaging Science and Technology 54, no. 1 (2010): 010102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.2010.54.1.010102.

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46

Guthrie, Andrew J., Ramaier Narayanaswamy, and David A. Russell. "Application of Kubelka-Munk diffuse reflectance theory to optical fibre sensors." Analyst 113, no. 3 (1988): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/an9881300457.

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47

Molenaar, Robert, Jaap J. ten Bosch, and Jaap R. Zijp. "Determination of Kubelka–Munk scattering and absorption coefficients by diffuse illumination." Applied Optics 38, no. 10 (April 1, 1999): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.002068.

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Edström, Per. "Examination of the revised Kubelka-Munk theory: considerations of modeling strategies." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.24.000548.

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Bunkholt, Ingjerd, and Rolf Arne Kleiv. "The applicability of the Kubelka–Munk model in GCC brightness prediction." Minerals Engineering 56 (February 2014): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2013.11.009.

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Mikhail, Sarah S., Shereen S. Azer, and William M. Johnston. "Accuracy of Kubelka–Munk reflectance theory for dental resin composite material." Dental Materials 28, no. 7 (July 2012): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.03.006.

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