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Venugopalan, Murale, Bettina Lynda Bastian, and P. K. Viswanathan. "The Role of Multi-Actor Engagement for Women’s Empowerment and Entrepreneurship in Kerala, India." Administrative Sciences 11, no. 1 (2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci11010031.
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Entrepreneurship has been increasingly promoted as a means to achieve women’s empowerment in the pursuit of gender equal societies by international development organizations, NGO’s as well as national and local governments across the world. Against this, the paper explores the role and influence of multi-actor engagement on successful empowerment of women based on a case study of Kudumbashree program in a regional context of Kerala, in South India. Our objective is to examine the women empowerment outcomes of the Kudumbashree initiatives, implemented within a multi-actor engagement framework supportive of women’s empowerment through capacity building and social inclusion programs. The case study demonstrates ‘how multiple-level engagements help enhance women’s development and support broad sustainable social change, in view of their sensitivity to the embeddedness of women’s agency under specific socio-political and cultural contexts’. We find that Kudumbashree programs, through its multi-actor engagement, strives for an equilibrium between social change through policy and regulatory change (top down) and social change via mobilizing the people (bottom-up). From a policy angle, the key learnings from the successful outcomes of Kudumbashree may be considered for designing rural and urban community development programs with a focus on the multidimensional empowerment as well as social and economic inclusion of women and other marginalized communities.
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Shakir, Sayyid Abdulla. "FISHERWOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT: SOME REFLECTIONS FROM KERALA ‘EXPERIENCES’." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 7 (2017): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i7.2017.2116.
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Kerala, southern fringe of India has different story of development from the rest of Indian states. The implementation of different policies by the government has been resulted in the betterment of different marginalized communities, especially in the case of women empowerment. For women empowerment, state government has initiated may programs with the support of other local bodies including government and non-government organizations like Kudumbashree program, Gender park etc. It has created many opportunities for women to come forward to main stream of the society and engaging in many public activities. This paper is an attempt to look at state sponsored program for fisher women empowerment called ‘Society for Assistance to Fisherwomen’ (SAF), for uplift of fisherwomen, with the support of both secondary material and ground reality. This paper also discusses about development model of Kerala with special focus on women empowerment.
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Sunitha, L. F. "Financial Inclusion of Marginalised Communities: A Study on Fisher Households in Kerala." Asian Journal of Managerial Science 8, no. 1 (2019): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2019.8.1.1450.
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Kerala, southern fringe of India has different story of development from the rest of Indian states. The implementation of different policies by the government has been resulted in the betterment of different marginalized communities, especially in the case of women empowerment. For women empowerment, state government has initiated many programs with the support of other local bodies including government and non-government organizations like Kudumbashree program, Gender park etc. It has created many opportunities for women to come forward to mainstream of the society and engaging in many public activities. This paper is an attempt to look at state sponsored program for fisher women empowerment called ‘Society for Assistance to Fisherwomen’ (SAF), for uplift of fisherwomen, with the support of both secondary material and ground reality. This paper also discusses about the need for an alternative model for the development of the marginalized fisher households sector.
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E., Akhila, and Ursula V. A. "Equalising the Gender: A Study on Women and Transwomen Enterprises in Kerala." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 14, no. 2 (2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v14.n2.p2.
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<p>The study is focusing on the impact that the entrepreneurship made on the social life of women as well as transwomen in Kerala, India. The Kudumbashree Mission of Kerala, which is a self-help group movement for women in the state is one of the efforts that running successfully since 1998 achieving the gender equality in all the walks of life through women empowerment. Kudumbashree is also showing a model by defining the womanhood in a wider perspective by including the transwomen. It is a novel and path-breaking initiative by Kudumbashree to start micro enterprises for transwomen. The success stories of Kudumbashree women enterprises are model to the country in its role to empower the women. The present study particularly focuses on the impact that the enterprises made on the social life of women as well as transwomen in terms of recognition, reception and reward. The study followed a narrative approach to draw the lived experiences of the participants who selected purposively from the Kozhikode District of Kerala State. <em></em></p>
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Rajagopal, N. "Social Impact of Women SHGs: A Study of NHGs of ‘Kudumbashree’ in Kerala." Management and Labour Studies 45, no. 3 (2020): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x20922116.
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Historically, the role of ‘self-help groups’ (SHGs) has been highlighted by different authors. The term used widely as cooperation for survival. SHGs play a significant role in transforming the rural economy. Its unprecedented growth helps the resurgence of the weaker section of society in terms of outreach, social position and sustainability. Among different SHGs, ‘Kudumbashree’ of Kerala constitute the largest women SHGs in India. The Government of Kerala launched the programme for poor women on 17 May 1998. Grassroots of ‘Kudumbashree’ are ‘Neighbourhood Groups’ (NHGs). Kudumbashree functions through NHGs. The present study analyses the social impact of NHGs by taking samples from the tribal and non-tribal areas in the district of Palakkad, Kerala. A detailed survey conducted among 600 respondents with identified social variables. The outcome of the study reveals that NHGs have created a social platform for women to improve social activities and strengthen its members’ social bondage. The social impacts in tribal and non-tribal areas differ for certain social variables and do not vary with others. Overall, the study highlights the need for promoting the role of NHGs as a means of ‘social change’ for strengthening the socialization process of women.
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M, Rashmi, and Lekshmi V. Nair. "EMPOWERING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN FEMALE RUN ICT ENTERPRISES: A STUDY IN KERLA." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 7, no. 2 (2015): 1316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v7i2.3568.
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The Kudumbashree project from Kerala (a state in the southern part of India) has been a much discussed case for the community of practitioners, policy makers, researchers working on technology, empowerment and development. It is built around three pillars of economic, social and womens empowerment. Its formation was the culmination of a process of community mobilization taken up by the State Government. But this article is focusing on the inclusion of gender in policies relating to information and communication technology with the aim of empowering women as users and producers of this technology. The prominent part of this investigation is the case study of Kudumbashree ICT enterprises in the State of Kerala to understand the factors that resulted in the working of these enterprises. Data were collected from Northern part of Kerala. Focus group discussions and interviews were the method employed to gather information.
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Jose, Jomy. "ROLE OF KUDUMBASHREE AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT: A STUDY OF THIRUVANANTHAPURAM MUNICIPAL CORPORATION AREAS IN KERALA STATE, INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 12 (2015): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i12.2015.2888.
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The empowerment of women through different laws, legislations, activities and schemes is the most important concern of 21st century. This study explores the role of Kudumbashree and its impact on women empowerment in Kerala with special reference to Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation area. Kudumbshree is a practical model for strengthening the Self Help Group (SHG) based poverty alleviation programme. Questionnaire and interview were used for collecting the data. The study found that, Kudumbashree leads to sustainable social, economic development of women and a direct impact on their living status, educational, nutritional and health needs of their children, positively.
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Arun, Shoba, Thankom Arun, and Usha Devi. "Transforming Livelihoods and Assets through Participatory Approaches: The Kudumbashree in Kerala, India." International Journal of Public Administration 34, no. 3 (2011): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2010.533048.
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Deepika, M. G., and M. D. Sigi. "Financial inclusion and poverty alleviation: an alternative state-led microfinance model of Kudumbashree in Kerala, India." Enterprise Development and Microfinance 25, no. 4 (2014): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/1755-1986.2014.030.
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Velayudhan, Meera. "The Labour Side of the Story: Informalisation and New Forms of Mobilisation of Kerala’s Women Workers." Social Change 50, no. 1 (2020): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719901079.
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Historically, in the context of Kerala, through mobilisation, electoral and mass struggles and a broad-based alliance of poor peasants, agricultural labour and workers were forged into a political constituency. This paper locates new forms of women workers’ struggles in the post-1990 context which saw a shift in the politics of labour and in the language of class and since the People’s Planning Campaign for democratic decentralisation in Kerala, when agency moved away from trade unions to a plurality of organisations serving a range of objectives but linked with local governance. There was a shift away from exclusive collective bargaining by workers to collective social activity, for example, Kudumbashree, Ayalkootam (neighbourhood groups), public works, MNREGA forums and other forms of associational activities. Identities shifted beyond that of workers to citizens, involving a range of rights with the neighbourhood and the local as an axis. This paper focusses on women labour particularly in the context of the trajectory of development and labour in Kerala and the wider canvas in which labour movements developed post the 1980s in India.
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Shehnaz, S. R., and S. Suresh Kumar. "Women entrepreneurship enticed family prosperity - an empirical evaluation of performance of microenterprises under Kudumbashree mission in Kerala, India." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 38, no. 1/2 (2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2019.10024235.
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Shehnaz, S. R., and S. Suresh Kumar. "Women entrepreneurship enticed family prosperity - an empirical evaluation of performance of microenterprises under Kudumbashree mission in Kerala, India." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business 38, no. 1/2 (2019): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesb.2019.102514.
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Ravindranath, Ranjana, Brian Oldenburg, Sajitha Balachandran, et al. "Scale-up of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP) in Kerala, India: implementation evaluation findings." Translational Behavioral Medicine 10, no. 1 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz197.
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Abstract The cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP) demonstrated some significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors and other outcomes. We aimed to refine and improve K-DPP for wider implementation in the Kerala state of India. The specific objectives of the scale-up program were (a) to develop a scalable program delivery model and related capacity building in Kerala and (b) to achieve significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in the target population. A total of 118 key trainers of a large women’s organization trained 15,000 peer leaders in three districts of Kerala. Each of these peer leaders was required to deliver 12 monthly sessions to ~25 people, reaching an estimated total of 375,000 adults over 12 months. We evaluated the number of sessions conducted, the participation of men, and program reach. We also assessed the effectiveness of the program in a random sample of 1,200 adults before and after the intervention and performed a biochemical evaluation on a subsample of 321. Of the 15,222 peer leaders who were trained, 1,475 (9.7%) returned their evaluation forms, of which, 98% reported conducting at least 1 session, 88% ≥6 sessions, and 74% all 12 sessions. Tobacco use among men reduced from 30% to 25% (p = .02) and alcohol use from 40% to 32% (p = .001). Overall, mean waist circumference reduced from 89.5 to 87.5 cm (p &lt; .001). Although there were some study shortcomings, the approach to scale-up and its implementation was quite effective in reaching a large population in Kerala and there were also some significant improvements in key cardiometabolic risk factors following the 1 year intervention.
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Marar, Raman P., and Stewart E. Fraser. "A cost-benefit analysis of the Harijan education program of Kerala, India." International Journal of Educational Development 6, no. 1 (1986): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0738-0593(86)90039-8.
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Raj, P. P. Nikhil, and P. A. Azeez. "Public on Conserving an Urban Wetland." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2010): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsesd.2010010102.
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The present study examines responses of the public to a proposed ecotourism program. Several individuals were randomly contacted in Kerala, India, to elicit their observations and responses to the proposed program, including residents, local travelers and workers. Though a large share of the sample population supported the project, anticipating that it would accelerate the development of the city and increase their annual earnings, many were unaware of the ecological importance of the mangrove wetland. Only 5% of the total sampled populations were aware of the importance of conserving wetland ecosystems in a growing city. This exemplifies the cheerless state of the environmental consciousness of the public in Kerala, despite that the city is among the most literate, socially advanced and environmentally cognizant populations in India. This study highlights the need for development of much deeper scientific consciousness among the public at large.
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V, Ajithlal, and Naseema C. "SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS IN THE ONLINE TEACHING-LEARNING INITIATED IN KERALA AT THE PANDEMIC OUTBREAK OF COVID-19." ENSEMBLE SP-1, no. 1 (2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.37948/ensemble-2021-sp1-a011.
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In the pandemic outbreak of Covid-19, the social institutions altogether are facing a dilemma. The prolonged and necessitated social distancing insists the educational institutions take over the online platform for the teaching-learning program. The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of demographic factors like age, gender, school management, and teaching level on the satisfaction of teachers in the recently initiated teaching-learning program in Kerala, India. The study aimed at the satisfaction of teachers in three components. The study employed a mixed methodology. Data is collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire prepared and validated by the investigators. The target population consists of school teachers in Kerala, India. Purposive random sampling was used for the collection of data from 252 teachers. The results showed that the majority of the teachers are satisfied with the program. The study identified no significant dependence on age, gender, and school management type with the satisfaction of teachers in the recently initiated teaching-learning program but a substantial relation to the teaching level. The findings on positive outcomes in online teaching and learning practices can foster the well administration of the program. Challenges in the online context indicated the need for improvement in infrastructure and cognitive support. Recommendations are made to equip the program in the long run.
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Paul Jose, P. "A Context Specific Framework for Measurement of Empowerment Attained from Poverty Reduction Intervention." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, S1 (2019): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.s1.1486.
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Empowerment measured in the context of poverty reduction program introduced in distinct settings world over demands different measurement frameworks. Empowerment is one of the most disputed concepts to be handled while interpreting the benefits of poverty interventions. It is, therefore, important to state clearly how the concept will be interpreted and evaluated in each context. The current discussion is about the framework devised for the State of Kerala, one of the most advanced states in the largest democracy in the world, India. The framework becomes relevant because of the several unique features of the state of Kerala, which are quite distinctive from many other places where microfinance has been found to be successful. The paper discusses a conceptual framework for measuring the level of empowerment resulting from microfinance in the State of Kerala.
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Radhakrishnan, T., A. Saravana, and P. K. Babu. "Awareness of RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala: a district level analysis based on DLHS-4." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 6 (2017): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172188.
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Background: Many of the reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STIs) are preventable and curable. Kerala is one of the highest literate states in India, but women in Kerala had very low knowledge in sexually transmitted infections and HIV/AIDS. The objective of the present study was to assess the level of awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala with inter district variations on awareness among women in RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS. Another objective of the study was to find out the association between socio economic characteristics and awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS.Methods: Data for the present analysis comes from the district level household and facility survey-3 2007-08 (DLHS-3) and district level household and facility survey-4 (DLHS-4), 2015–16. DLHS is a nationally representative household survey, primarily conducted to monitor and evaluate the implementation of reproductive and child health program across the districts of India. To assess the level of awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in Kerala with inter district variations on awareness among women in RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS data of DLHS-3 and DLHS-4 were used for analysis and to find out the association between socio economic characteristics and awareness on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS, data of DLHS were used.Results: Only 48% of women in Kerala had heard of RTI/STI in Kerala, but 75.8% of the women had heard about HIV/AIDS. Knowledge on RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS among women in all the districts in Kerala had fallen from the DLHS-3 to DLHS-4.Conclusions: Decentralized field level interaction of health workers with IEC programs in both rural and urban areas regarding STIs/RTIs and HIV/AIDS should be strengthened along with effective mass media activities.
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Mookken, Thomas. "Universal Implementation of Newborn Screening in India." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 6, no. 2 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns6020024.
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Newborn screening is a successful program in many developed countries. In India, the benefits of dried blood spot screening have been recognized and that screening is slowly gaining traction. There are significant issues standing in the way of universal implementation of a newborn screening program in India: awareness, cost, advocacy, public policy, and politics. Three regional screening programs, Chandigarh, Goa, and Kerala could serve as models for other programs in India. The data for this commentary were based on personal experiences from managing public newborn screening programs, searches on PubMed and Google, and personal interactions with experts in the field. The overwhelming recommendation is to universally screen for congenital hypothyroidism in India, because it is easy and inexpensive to treat, with excellent outcomes. It would also be beneficial to consider screening universally for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency due to its high incidence and ease of treatment. Finally, sickle cell disease should be screened in those areas in India where it is prevalent due to the costs associated with universal screening. Achieving universal screening is a challenge, and it is very difficult to predict when every baby born in India will be screened for at least congenital hypothyroidism.
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A., Dinesh T., Prem Nair, V. Abhijath, Vidya Jha, and K. Aarthy. "Economics of cancer care: A community-based cross-sectional study in Kerala, India." South Asian Journal of Cancer 09, no. 01 (2020): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_382_18.
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Abstract Bacground: The estimated incidence of cancer cases in Kerala for 2014 was 31,400 and the mortality associated with it was 13,816. Although the treatment of cancer has shown remarkable advances, it has come with increasing costs. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the economic burden of cancer in Vypin Block Panchayat at Ernakulam by analyzing the average total direct and indirect cost of cancer care, socioeconomic status, and cost of cancer care between government and private hospitals. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 2 months from March to April 2018. The study was conducted by utilizing an annotated cost questionnaire for completion by patients. Total direct and indirect cost was estimated. Appropriate statistical tests were used. Results: Direct cost for cancer care contributed 75% toward the cost of illness and the remaining was found to be indirect cost. Loss of income (44%) contributed to the largest chunk of indirect cost. The average direct cost for cancer care was found to be Rs. 25,606 and the average indirect cost was Rs. 8772. The average total cost of cancer care was calculated to be Rs. 34,378. Significant statistical variation was found between the cost of cancer care in private and government hospitals. The economic burden of cancer in this Vypin Block Panchayat was found to be Rs. 218,256,977/- Conclusion: The ratio of average income to average cost in this study is skewed which indicates the lack of affordability for cancer care in this population. A very large gap, therefore, exits between income levels and cost of cancer care clearly indicating a vast gap between affordability and cost of treatment, which clearly necessitates the need for a definite policy and state intervention for a mass cancer care program.
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Johnson, Leslie C. M., Allissa Desloge, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, et al. "The relationship between common mental disorders and incident diabetes among participants in the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (K-DPP)." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0255217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255217.
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This study aims to describe the prevalence of depression and anxiety among a population sample of people at high risk for type 2 diabetes in Kerala, India, and examine the relationship between depressive symptoms, anxiety, and incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) over a two-year period. We used data from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program, a cluster-randomized controlled trial for diabetes prevention among 1007 high-risk individuals. The prevalence of depression and anxiety were estimated using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, respectively. We calculated proportions for depression and anxiety and performed generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine the relationship between baseline mental health status and incident T2DM. The prevalence of depression and anxiety at baseline were 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with those reporting none/low symptoms, the odds ratio for incident diabetes was 1.07 (95% CI 0.54–2.12) for participants with moderate to severe depression and 0.73 (95% CI 0.23–2.28) for participants with moderate to severe anxiety, after adjusting for potential confounders. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher than those previously reported in the general population in India. However, among this sample of community-based adults at high risk of developing T2DM, the presence of moderate to severe depression and/or anxiety symptoms was not significantly associated with the risk of developing T2DM. Trial registration: Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000262909. Registered 10 March 2011.
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Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Zahra Aziz, Pilvikki Absetz, et al. "Participant recruitment into a community-based diabetes prevention trial in India: Learnings from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program." Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications 15 (September 2019): 100382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100382.
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Wilson, Preethy. "Adolescent Development Education through Anganwadi Workers: A Study Report from Kerala." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (2012): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.20.4.
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Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) has been a pioneering initiative of the Government of India for the betterment of adolescent girls and mothers. The current paper is an attempt to develop an intervention program for adolescent girls on enhancing their psychosocial competence through Anganwadi teachers and evaluate its outcome. The master trainers (Anganwadi workers) were trained and they conducted interventions for adolescents on four topics with 16 activities. The post assessment result on a control and intervention group shows that significant changes in adolescent girls can be effected through the intervention of Anganwadi workers. The paper also highlights that planners and the policy makers need to give serious thought to effective utilisation of the human resource available at the disposal of the ICDS programme for improved service delivery to adolescent girls under ICDS.
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Pk, Sreekumar, Pramod Kumar Tm, Partha Sarathi G, Debasish Gupta, and Pallavi Prakash. "EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONING AND STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF HEMOVIGILANCE PROGRAM OF INDIA IN THE BLOOD BANKS OF SOUTHERN KERALA." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22479.
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Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the functioning and status of implementation of hemovigilance program of India (HvPI) in the blood banks of southern Kerala.Methods: It was a survey approach to analyze the facilities, working nature, and status of implementation of hemovigilance program by the blood banks located in the three districts of southern Kerala. Both goevrnment and private sector blood banks were subjected to the survey. Standard pro forma was used to collect the data. Collected data were analyzed by percentages and ratios.Results: A total of 40 blood banks were covered in the study. All the blood banks were licensed for handling whole blood. 23 blood banks were licensed for handling blood components. 6 blood banks process 100% blood into components. Majority of blood banks have excellent demand for components. Packed red cells, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma were the significant components among the prepared components. Majority of the blood banks under the survey had hospital transfusion committee (HTC). 25 blood banks replied as the HvPI is an excellent/good system. However, only 11 blood banks were enrolled in the HvPI. Training programs for the resident doctors and nurses regarding with adverse transfusion reaction and their reporting were not conducted by 17 blood banks.Conclusion: Except very few blood banks, all are need more awareness and training programs. Attention should be given in the area such as underreporting, poor implementation of hemovigilance, only serious reactions reporting, and avoiding minor reactions. Core factor is proper functioning of HTC and awareness programs about hemovigilance system.
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N., Shiva Murthy, Praveen V. Jose, Basalingappa S., Safeera K. Ali, and Mabel Elizabeth V. K. "Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized paediatric patients in a tertiary care center in Kerala, India." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 7, no. 10 (2018): 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183937.
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Background: Drug safety information about children is scarcely available. This study aims to describe the ADRs in hospitalized paediatric patients under 12 years of age in paediatrics wards of DM WIMS Hospital, Wayanad, Kerala, a tertiary care center in southern part of India.Methods: A retrospective study based on data collected as per the ongoing pharmacovigilance program of India (PvPI) was conducted for twelve months period in order to study the ADRs in hospitalized paediatric patients under 12 years of age with at least one medication prescribed. The study was conducted in paediatrics wards of DM WIMS Hospital, Wayanad. WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo´s Algorithm was used to evaluate causality, the modified Hartwig and Siegel assessment scale was used to establish severity and the Schumock and Thornton criteria was used to determine preventability.Results: Forty-two children (42) who experienced 55 ADRs were included in the study. The frequency was higher in children under 1 year of age (47.62%). Emergence of ADRs was higher in male patients (59.52%), in those used three or more medicines together (71.43%) and in those with systemic antibiotics (58.18%).Conclusions: Being the first study from Kerala in paediatric patients, it is an important contribution to drug safety profile in children from this region of India. ADRs frequency and other descriptive characteristics are provided for the enrolled children under 12 years of age. ADRs are an additional burden of morbidity and risk, particularly in those who used several medicines, including antibiotics.
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Parambil, NeethuAmbali, Sairu Philip, JayaPrasad Tripathy, PhinseM Philip, Karthickeyan Duraisamy, and Satheesan Balasubramanian. "Community engaged breast cancer screening program in Kannur District, Kerala, India: A ray of hope for early diagnosis and treatment." Indian Journal of Cancer 56, no. 3 (2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijc.ijc_397_18.
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Thankappan, K. R., S. Sivasankaran, G. K. Mini, Meena Daivadanam, P. S. Sarma, and S. Abdul Khader. "Impact of a community based intervention program on awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in a rural Panchayat, Kerala, India." Indian Heart Journal 65, no. 5 (2013): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2013.08.023.
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Chandran, Priya, M. P. Lilabi, Thomas Bina, Jayakrishnan Thavody, and Smiji George. "Re-emergence of diphtheria in Kerala: the need for change in vaccination policy." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 2 (2019): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190216.
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Background Diphtheria cases continue to occur in India despite a national vaccination program targeting the disease. Outbreaks of diphtheria have been known to occur in areas of low immunization coverage. An age shift has been noted to older children and adults in recent outbreaks from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Delhi and Assam. Kerala witnessed its largest outbreak of Diphtheria in recent times from 2015 to 2017.Methods: Surveillance data from the Regional PEID Cell during the outbreak period was analysed and epidemiological data generated.Results: A total of 734 cases of diphtheria were reported during this period with eight deaths (Case fatality rate=1.08%). The mean age of the cases was 17.4 years (±13.9). More than 72% of the cases occurred in children above 10 year of age and 68% of the cases were either unimmunized or partially immunized. 32% of the cases were immunized for age. Of these, immunized children, 88% were above 10 years of age, indicating waning immunity with age. The existence of a sizeable unimmunized cohort in the adolescent age group and waning immunity among immunized were two major factors contributing to the outbreak.Conclusions: An age shift has been observed in the occurrence of Diphtheria cases during the outbreak in Kerala. Booster doses with Td vaccine during adolescence in addition to maintaining a high immunization coverage in the routine immunization program, with special emphasis on pockets of low coverage is essential for preventing the reemergence of diphtheria.
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Philip, Phinse Mappalakayil, Priyakanta Nayak, Sairu Philip, Neethu Ambali Parambil, Karthickeyan Duraisamy, and Satheesan Balasubramanian. "Population-based cancer screening through community participation: Outcome of a district wide oral cancer screening program from rural Kannur, Kerala, India." South Asian Journal of Cancer 07, no. 04 (2018): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_104_17.
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Abstract Background: Oral cancer is a major public health challenge, and about one-fifth of all oral cancer cases reported globally are from India. In spite of the potential for early detection by simple visual examination, the majority of patients report in later stages of the disease, especially in low and middle-income countries. We report the results from a district level population-based oral cancer screening program. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people aged >15 years in 48 panchayats of Kannur district in Kerala, India. This comprehensive multi-stakeholder district-wide screening was carried out in six stages including planning, sensitization, recruiting of community volunteers and training, survey, organization of specialist camps and referring to cases to cancer center. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using EpiData analysis software (Version 2.2.2.180). Results: Among the 1,061,088 people in 265,272 houses surveyed, 2507 of them attended the screening camps, and 13 oral cancers and 174 oral precancers were detected. Majority of the oral cancer patients were male (69%), with primary education or illiterate (62%) and low socioeconomic status (61%). Five of the patients diagnosed with early-stage cancer are alive and have good oral health-related quality of life. Conclusion: Detection of precancerous and early-stage cancers should be a priority of oral cancer screening programs. The possible key for addressing cancer screening needs of the rural population is to equip the primary health centers in cancer screening activities with available human resources while adapting to local context.
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Karunakaran, U. "Assessment of mass drug administration program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in an urban endemic area of filariasis in North Kerala, India." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 16 (June 2012): e163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.698.
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Kurvatteppa Halemani, Merlin Cheema, Shabana Khatun, et al. "An effectiveness of training program on COVID-19 among healthcare students: A cross section study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL1 (2020): 1250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3613.
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The pandemic COVID-19 is a highly infected disease caused by a novel coronavirus or SARS-Cov-2. The virus was reported for the first time December 2019 in, China's Wuhan province. Later the virus has broken down into the world and claimed millions of lives. In India, the disease was reported for the first time in Kerala on 30th January 2020. a cross-section one group pre-test & post-test research design was used among the 40 final year BSc nursing students, College of Nursing SGPGIMS, Lucknow India. Samples were selected based on purposive sampling technique and sample criteria. An instrument, the first tool included demographic characteristics Similarly, second instrument used for knowledge assessment. After pre-test assessment, a teaching session was held at the seminar room, college of nursing SGPGIMS Lucknow, India. Subsequently post assessment was held after intervention. A total of 40 participants responded to the study. Demographic variables like 30(75%) participants had less than 22 years of age, 22(55%) were girls, 14(35%) families income found INR 10000-15000, and the majority of participants obtained COVID-19 related knowledge from news paper16(40%). A gender was found significant with pretest knowledge, and other variables weren't found significant (P=0.05). Knowledge mean & standard deviation in pre & post-intervention, 11.90±2.16 vs15.82±1.39. The mean difference was found in a pre-test & post-test-1 &post-test-2, 3.9, 5.02, & 1.1, respectively. The effectiveness of the training program was checked by paired t-test -10.20 & -13.93, P=0.00. The study revealed that the teaching session was efficient in the COVID-19 program among BSc nursing students.
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Ajithkumar, Kidangazhiyathmana, P. C. Amrutha, Unnikrishnan C. Vinitha, T. P. Rakesh, and Andrews M. Andrews. "Analysis of mortality and loss to follow-up during the rollout of the second-line antiretroviral therapy: An observational study from South India." Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 1 (April 22, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jsstd_10_2019.
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Background Assessment of the functioning of Kerala’s second-line component of antiretroviral therapy (ART) program by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) is attempted. Aims This study aims to evaluate the factors related to mortality and loss to follow-up (LFU) during the second-line ART rollout in Kerala. Materials and Methods Prospective observational cohort study. All patients referred for the second-line ART from September 2011 to June 2013 were included, followed up till December 2013 or till death. Those who were not eligible to attend the State AIDS Clinical Expert Panel (SACEP) were excluded from the study. Descriptive variables were compared using proportions and percentages. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were done to find out the association. The study was approved by ethical committee and consent was taken from all the interviewed patients. Results Of 238 patients enrolled, 62 died and 25 became LFU. Age >40 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05, 4.1), HIV concordance between partners (OR 1.53; 95% CI: 0.7, 3.34), and duration of >90 days from last CD4+ to SACEP (OR 2.32; 95% CI: 1.17, 4.5) were significantly associated with death. Only factor affecting LFU was distance >150 km from patient’s home to ART Plus Centre (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 0.11, 1.85). Limitations We could not consider all factors affecting mortality while initiating second-line ART. Moreover, experience from a low-level epidemic state, with good health-care infrastructure may not reflect rest of India. Conclusions Accessibility to program in terms of distance to the point of care and delayed linkage of patients for the second-line ART is presently the main weaknesses in Kerala. Special attention should be given to concordant couples and older individuals who are more vulnerable. Recent steps by NACO, such as initiation of two ART Plus Centre and provision viral load testing at the point of care, are big leaps toward solution.
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Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R., Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robyn J. Tapp, et al. "A peer-support lifestyle intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes in India: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program." PLOS Medicine 15, no. 6 (2018): e1002575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002575.
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Thavody, Jayakrishnan, Shibu Kumar TM, Sujina CM, et al. "The Research Protocol of SENIOR Project—Psychiatric Services and Support System for Serious Mental Illness in Old Age, Kerala, India." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 42, no. 6_suppl (2020): S87—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0253717620971196.
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Background: India has the second-largest population of elderly in the world. Serious mental illness (SMI) is a subset of the mental disorders that result in significant functional impairment and is usually long term. Persons with SMI face several challenges in their old age that are different from the issues faced by younger people with SMI. Understanding the problems faced by elderly individuals suffering from SMI is fundamental for planning programs to address them. The SENIOR (Support Systems Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Old age) project is a study aimed at evaluating the problems faced in obtaining mental health care by elderly persons having SMI in the Kerala state of India. Aim: To describe the scientific methodology of the SENIOR project. Methods: This study employs mixed-methods cross-sectional design among a minimum sample of 768 SMI patients identified through cluster sampling from three districts, and Focus Group Discussion among mental health program officials. Discussion: This paper presents a methodological model to assist researchers in future field epidemiological studies on mental illness. Assessing service needs and barriers to access for the most vulnerable among the mentally ill will help the policymakers make evidence-based decisions to improve their quality of life.
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Jayaprakash, Megha, Georgy Joy Eralil, Rajany Jose, Radha K. R., Vijilakshmi A. G., and P. G. Ambikabhai. "Study on knowledge and practice of screening for cervical cancer among women from rural communities in central Kerala, India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 10 (2018): 4165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184146.
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Background: Early detection of cervical cancer is possible with Pap smear tests. The proportion of women who undergo Pap smear testing ranges from 68% to 84% in developed countries as compared to India where the rates range from 2.6% to 6.9% among women in communities. This study is to assess the knowledge of women about cervical cancer, its screening, role of doctor and source of information.Methods: Cross-sectional study – observational study of Women attending gynecology camps/op clinics held in rural areas of Ernakulam and Thrissur who are between 25 and 65 years of age Non-random sampling with Sequential inclusion of the women who met the study criteria. A questionnaire devised collecting Basic sociodemographic profile like age, parity, educational qualification, Questions to assess knowledge about symptoms of cervical cancer Questions to assess the knowledge about cervical cancer screening and prevention doctor as Source of knowledge from the subjects. Correct response for questions carried score of 1 mark. So, the maximum was 6 and minimum was 0. The knowledge was graded as: <2 being poor knowledge; 2-5 being satisfactory knowledge and ≥5 being good knowledge.Results: 32.9% of women identified discharge per vaginum as the most common symptom. When 50.9% thought multiparity was a risk factor 30% identified early sexual activity. 2.3% women knew that pas smear screening has to be done repeatedly. 8.3% of participants already had screening done. Only 8.3%of doctors advised pap screening during their consultations. Uptake of pap smear after awareness program was 100%.Conclusions: Awareness classes are needed for increasing the coverage for pap smear screening. The women should be educated about cervical cancer, its screening methods and the facilities available for screening in the hospitals. An Information Leaflet has to be provided to these women in the local language. Training programs should be conducted for general practitioners and gynecologists to conduct awareness classes for the public and also to motivate women to undergo screening at every possible opportunity.
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Kuriakose, M., P. Sebastian, S. Balasubramanian, and R. Sadanandan. "Developing a Model of Distributed, Decentralized Digitally Connected Cancer Control Program." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (2018): 240s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.96200.
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Background and context: Traditional method of managing cancer through establishing large comprehensive cancer centers are ineffective in developing country setting that has poorly developed primary health care facilities. These larger cancer centers become victims of their success and attract increasing number of patients from distant places, overstretching the resources and increasing out-of-pocket expenses for the patients. Increasing the number of cancer centers also is not effective as each unit by itself will not have the critical mass of expertise to offer comprehensive cancer care. In addition, for sustainability and improved resource utilization, the cancer care needs to be integrated with the existing health care system. The state with a population ∼ 33.3 million has 19 cancer treatment facilities distributed throughout the coastal districts. The cancer incidence rate of the state is 128 per 100,000, which is the fourth highest in the country. Aim: To develop a model for distributed, decentralized digitally connected cancer control program for the state of Kerala, India. Strategy/Tactics: A model for distributed, decentralized digitally connected cancer care that offers resource stratified cancer care and integrate with the existing health care. Program/Policy process: The distributed cancer care network for the state that will be digitally connected using a recently introduced e-health program to interconnect the cancer care as well as to integrate with the existing healthcare network. The cancer centers will be stratified in 4 levels. Level 1 would be 3 apex cancer centers with most advanced infrastructure and serves as quaternary centers and coordinate cancer care in 3 zones. The Level 2 cancer centers established at medical colleges and cancer centers in major private medical hospitals offer comprehensive cancer care in a geographic area and serve as tertiary cancer referral centers. Level 3 centers are located in the district and Taluk hospitals that offers primary cancer care for common cancers including palliative daycare chemotherapy. Level 4 units are established as part of the national health mission in primary and family health centers which provide the important task of cancer surveillance and improving cancer literacy for the public with peoples participation. Outcomes: The expected outcomes are downstaging of cancer, developing a resource-stratified referral pathway that minimize treatment delay, provide cancer care within 90 minutes of travel and lowering out-of-pocket expenses. What was learned: Planning of the program involved participation of major stakeholders of cancer and health care of the state as well as NGO.
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Saju, M. D., Lorane Scaria, Natania Cheguvera, Anuja Maria Benny, Lizy P J, and Binoy Joseph. "Evidencing the need for psycho-socio-economic action to support the rural upskilled youth to cope with the COVID-19 health crisis: a state-wide audit." F1000Research 9 (November 26, 2020): 1375. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27666.1.
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Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond morbidity and mortality to social, psychological, and economic implications. This study aims to determine the grouping of modifiable impacts of COVID-19 among the rural poor youth working in unorganized sectors in Kerala, India. Methods: We conducted a state-wide telephonic survey, in the context of a COVID-19 national lockdown with 14430 youth, who had been trained through the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), a skill development program of the Government of India, in the last year. Economic, health and health care, social and emotional issues, basic amenity needs, and interpersonal issues were explored in detail. We further prioritized the needs of vulnerable subgroups; pregnant women, people living alone, and those living with comorbid health conditions within this population. Results: All the participants were aged between 18-35 years and were economically poor rural residents. Only 28% had a permanent job and 6.8% of the participants were not working due to the COVID-19 related lockdown. Among the issues shared, the five domains with the highest frequency were financial toxicity, such as loss of income (32.99%), poor financial backup and debt (31.29%), concerns regarding the future job opportunities (23.92%) and fear of losing their current job (14.75%). 98% of the respondents expressed interest in following up with supportive engagements. Conclusion: This research aims to voice students’ needs to the concerned authorities to design a multi-sectoral, multi-disciplinary, and multi-systemic approach to reduce their distress in the context of pandemic outbreak.
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Ghosh, Ranjita, Arupendra Mozumdar, Aparajita Chattopadhyay, and Rajib Acharya. "Mass media exposure and use of reversible modern contraceptives among married women in India: An analysis of the NFHS 2015–16 data." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254400.
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Since the inception of the National Programme for Family Planning, messages on family planning (FP) have been promoted across India using different mass media platforms. Mass media plays an important role in disseminating important information among the masses, such as how reversible modern methods give women more reproductive choices than opting for permanent methods that limit their child-bearing capacity. Mass media can provide a continuous flow of information and motivation to deter women from discontinuing the methods they have opted for. However, very few studies have been conducted on this issue, especially using recently available data. This study particularly focuses on exposure to mass media and the use of reversible modern methods of family planning among married women in India. The data for this study was obtained from the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) on currently married women aged 15–49 years. The association of reversible modern method use with media exposure variables was examined, controlling for a set of independent variables from multiple levels—individual, district, state, and region. The findings from this study showed that television was the most important medium for disseminating information on FP among married women in India. Spatial analysis revealed that some districts in the north, parts of the northeast, and Kerala in South India lacked any television exposure. The results from the decomposition analysis showed that mass media exposure was associated with a 14% increase in the use of reversible modern methods. Results from the multilevel analyses showed that exposure to TV along with other media (AOR 1.57 95% CI 1.49–1.65) and exposure to FP messages through different media (AOR 1.22 95% CI 1.12–1.32) had a significant positive effect on the use of reversible modern methods even when various individual, district, state, and regional-level factors were controlled. The findings of this paper provide evidence supporting the use of mass media to promote and increase awareness of voluntary contraceptive use in India. An increase in mass media exposure coupled with improvement in coverage and services of the FP program can significantly increase the use of reversible modern methods in a cost-effective yet efficient manner among women in need of FP services.
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Ramachandran, A., B. Enserink, and A. N. Balchand. "Coastal regulation zone rules in coastal panchayats (villages) of Kerala, India vis-à-vis socio-economic impacts from the recently introduced peoples’ participatory program for local self-governance and sustainable development." Ocean & Coastal Management 48, no. 7-8 (2005): 632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.03.011.
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Prasanth, G., and V. Hegde. "Occurrence of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus on Sweet Potato in India." Plant Disease 92, no. 2 (2008): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-2-0311b.
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Viruses are a major biotic constraint on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) production worldwide. In 2005, 10 to 60% viral disease incidence was observed in sweet potato fields. Symptoms include ring and chlorotic spots, puckering, feathering, vein clearing, and leaf curl with chlorotic specks and pink spots. Cuttings from symptomatic plants were collected from Kerala (two clones), Orrisa (eight clones), and Adrapradesh (three clones) and maintained in an insect-proof glasshouse. Leaves from symptomatic plants were mechanically inoculated to I setosa, I. nil, Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana, Datura stramonium, and Chenapodium quinoa (12 seedlings each). Vein clearing, netting, and leaf distortion were observed in I. setosa and N tabacum 7 days postinoculation, chlorotic spots observed in N. benthamiana, and violet spots and violet margins on leaves observed on I. Nil. No symptoms were observed on D. stramonium and C. quinoa. When scions from the symptomatic sweet potato plants were graft inoculated onto I. setosa, vein clearing, leaf curl, and puckering-like symptoms were observed within 5 days. Mosaic and leaf curling symptoms were also observed on mechanically inoculated N. tabacum. Total nucleic acids isolated from the 33 field-collected sweet potato samples, graft inoculated I. setosa plants, and mechanically inoculated N. tabacum and I. nil plants were used for PCR and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with geminivirus group specific (2) and potyvirus group specific primers (1). The expected 530-bp and 1.3-kb fragment were generated from the geminivirus and potyvirus primer sets, respectively. Potyvirus alone was detected in 7 of the 33 field-collected plants; geminivirus alone was detected in 7 other plants, while 19 plants contained detectible levels of potyvirus and geminivirus. To further identify the viruses, nested primers specific for the coat protein gene of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) (CP1S 5′AGT GGG AAG GCA CCA TAC ATA GC 3′, CP1A5′ GCA GAG GAT GTC CTA TTG CAC ACC 3′) (CP2S 5′TCT AGT GAA CGT ACT GAA TTC AAA GA 3′, CP2A 5′ATT GCA CAC CCC TGA TTC CTA AGA 3′) and Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) (CP1- 5′ATG ACA GGG CGA ATT CGC GTT TC 3′, CP2- 5′TTA ATT TTT GTG CGA ATC ATA 3′) were designed. I. setosa and N. tabacum were amplified with SPFMV and SPLCV primers and the amplicons of 960 and 764 bp, respectively, obtained were subsequently cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and sequenced. Nucleotide BLAST analysis revealed that the 960-bp fragment (GenBank Accession No. EF015398.) was 98% identical to two Egyptian isolates of SPFMV (Nos. AJ 515379 and AJ 515378). The nucleotide sequence of the 764-bp products (Nos. EF 151926 and EF15483) from the samples collected from Kerala and Orisa was 95% identical to each other. The sequence identity of EF 15483 with Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus (SPLCGV) isolate AF326775. was 91% and identity with China isolate DQ 512731 was 90% The isolate EF 151926 also was 91% identical to the SPLCGV with a high query and alignment score whereas identity with the China isolate was 91% with a low query coverage and alignment score. Phylogenic analysis with MEGA software program also showed the highest sequence similarity with SPLCGV, hence it is concluded that the geminivirus isolate under study is SPLCGV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of identification of SPFMV and SPLCGV occurring on sweet potato in India. Further study is required to understand the consequences of occurrence of these two viruses in India. References: (1) D. Colinet et al. Plant Dis. 28:223 1998. (2) D. D. Deng et al. Ann. Appl. Biol 125:327, 1993.
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Rafi, Aboobacker Mohammed, Pulikkottil Raphael Varghese, and Praveenlal Kuttichira. "Concerns and confidences expressed by teaching staff about the shift of medical education to online mode in South India during the COVID 19 pandemic." Journal of Ideas in Health 3, Special2 (2020): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47108/jidhealth.vol3.issspecial2.81.
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Background: Online education is prevalent in the country since the beginning of the 21st century. The outbreak of COVID-19, the government declared lockdown, and subsequent closing of institutions was unexpected, and it forced medical colleges to launch online programs for undergraduate courses. Due to the sudden shifting to online mode, most teaching staff members face the challenges of lacking online teaching experience, early preparation, or support from educational technology teams. This institution was in touch with the teachers and students through online mode, enquiring about their welfare and wellness. The present study focuses on concerns and confidences presented by the medical teaching staff on online medical education. 
 Method: This study was conducted at Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, a medical college in central Kerala in south India. This institution conducted online classes for undergraduate (UG) medical students through Google classroom and YouTube platforms. There was 186 teaching staff from 21 departments involved in undergraduate (MBBS) teaching in this Institute. In this study, we collected information from the teaching staff about the online classes that they handled. A 27-point survey form was designed using a Google survey and mailed to them. The responses were collected in a week. The data collected was analyzed.
 Result: Fifty-one members responded. All responding teachers preferred regular classroom teaching due to the provision for better teacher-student interaction. However, one-third of respondents wanted the continuation of online classes, even after resuming classroom teaching. Out of 51 responses, 24 teachers graded the success of the programs more than 90%. The major suggestions received for further improvement of the program were that the departments provided their hardware and software, centralized online sessions for practical purposes, and collected regular feedback from students.
 Conclusion: The successes of our online teaching programs were limited to didactic teaching only. It could not replace the actual patient examination in a clinical setting, which involves communication skills and emotional relationships. This adversary must be converted into an opportunity to develop e-learning programs. This pandemic should open our eyes, so we learn from it and be better prepared for the future.
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M., Regina, Sanu P. Moideen, Mohan M., Mohammed M.T.P., and Khizer Hussain Afroze M. "Audiological screening of high risk infants and prevalence of risk factors." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 4, no. 2 (2017): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20170699.
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Background: Hearing loss in early life can have deleterious effects on child’s psychosocial, scholastic and social-emotional development. Early identification and timely intervention can provide the child with better speech and language development. This study has been done to estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment among high risk infants as per Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) criteria and to study the risk factors associated with neonatal hearing impairment.Methods: This multicentric observational study was conducted among 613 high risk infants admitted and discharged from neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of Academy of Medical Sciences, Kannur, Kerala and Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Research Centre, Tumakuru, Karnataka, India (level III neonatology units with an NICU admissions of average around 1200 per year), during the period August 2015 - August 2016 (12 months). The babies were selected based on the JCIH 2007 criteria. All babies were subjected to behavioral audiometry (BA) and Oto Acoustic Emissions (OAE), preferably within 3 weeks. Those failing OAE were reevaluated at 6th week and with Auditory brain stem response (ABR) within 3 months time. Results: A total of 613 high risk babies were screened. 42 (6.76%) among them were having hearing impairment. The most common risk factors associated with hearing impairment was NICU stay for more than 24 hours, prematurity, low birth weight and meningitis/sepsis etc.Conclusions: Hearing impairment among high risk babies is not a rare condition. In our study, the prevalence was 6.76%. Low birth weight, admission to NICU for more than 24 hours, low APGAR, meningitis/sepsis, maternal and neonatal complications are significant risk factors for hearing impairment among neonates. This highlights the need for neonatal screening. Though we recommend a universal screening program, at least a targeted approach should be practiced in neonatal care. Those babies who are found to have hearing impairment should be closely followed up with early intervention and rehabilitation.
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Joseph, Shinto, and Dr Sheeja Remani B. Karalam. "Social groupwork for promoting psychological well-being of adolescents enrolled in sponsorship programs." F1000Research 10 (June 30, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.52532.1.
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Background: The dearth of data on adolescents highlighted in the UN’s data disaggregation against the agenda ‘no one left behind’ calls for research on ‘the second decade’. Moreover, India is a country with the world’s largest adolescent population, and as such, studies and policies for developing competencies of adolescents are crucial to the country’s development; interventions instilling confidence to aspire to a better future in underprivileged adolescents are vital to mitigate inequity. Methods: This intervention study adopted a quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness of social groupwork in raising the psychological well-being of adolescents in child sponsorship programs in Kerala. Forty adolescents from a Child Sponsorship Program (CSP) center in Kochi were recruited for the study. Those suggested by the CSP center considering their poor academic performance and behavior problems were allocated to the intervention group and the rest to the comparison group. The intervention was designed in response to the information garnered through a preliminary study and administered to the intervention group (n=20). We conducted pre-test and post-test for both the intervention group and comparison group (n=20). Results: Comparison between pre- and post-measurements carried out using paired sample t-test for the intervention group and comparison group separately gave a p-value of <0.05 for the intervention group and >0.05 for the comparison group. Thus, it was proved that psychological well-being of participants in the intervention group was raised significantly due to the social group work intervention. Conclusions: Applying refined granularity, this research adds data specifically on adolescents enrolled in child sponsorship programs and sets a blueprint for social groupwork to improve their psychological well-being. Proposing a conceptual framework for child sponsorship programs, this study recommends further research in all aspects of its functioning, and interventions at group, family, and community levels, for the well-being and empowerment of marginalized adolescents.
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Babu, Anithamol, and Sonny Jose. "From the Homestead to Centerstage : A Journey of Empowerment." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences, August 7, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2020.4401.
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The Kerala Model of Development is widely acclaimed for its contribution in generating favourable social indices at par with Scandinavia. The central issue of the development in almost all the underdeveloped and developing countries is the empowerment of women constituents. In Kerala, the story of empowerment of women, is not just economic, but psychologically, and this has happened largely through the Kudumbashree and LSGs. Under Article 243(D) of the Constitution of India, there is a mandate to provide 50% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions, this constitutional amendment is regarded as a path-breaking move to empower women at the grassroots level. The present study portrays the impact of government interventions for ensuring the participation of women in decision-making as well as in the power structure in Panchayaths. The researcher(s) used cross-sectional research design for this particular study which adopts purposive sampling. The data was collected through in-depth interview and focus group discussion is used for triangulation. The finding of the study shows that how the women are empowered though various government interventions such as Kudumbashree, Thozhil-urappu Padhathi (MGNREGA), ASHAs (frontrunners for the NRHM), Panchayati Raj and house wives.
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Sadanandan, Rajeev, Sarita RL, Sunilkumar Mrithunjayan, Mathew J. Valamparambil, Shibu Balakrishnan, and Rakesh P. Suseela. "Ensuring TB Services During Major Floods – Kerala, India, August 2018." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, March 18, 2020, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.1.
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ABSTRACT Ensuring the successful treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is an essential public health responsibility of national TB programs. This case study describes how the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Kerala state, successfully prevented the disruptions in TB treatment when an unprecedented massive flood, declared as “a calamity of severe nature,” completely disrupted normal operations in the state during August 2018. Unanticipated floods led to the displacement and relocation of more than 1.5 million citizens. The state has ensured continuity of TB treatment for all notified drug sensitive and drug-resistant TB patients (9608 and 434, respectively), including those who were displaced and relocated. A real-time web-enabled, case-based patient management information system has helped preserve the entire patient information, available at multiple levels. Routine strength of the program, including good rapport with patients, frontline multipurpose health workers and treatment supporters, high literacy rate of general population, and well-integrated primary health care system delivering TB services, enabled ensuring continuity of care during the disaster situation. The success of the post-flood TB control measures in Kerala affirms the importance of maintaining an integrated and strong TB control component with general health system ownership.
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Mini, G. K., P. S. Sarma, and K. R. Thankappan. "Cluster randomised controlled trial of behavioural intervention program: a study protocol for control of hypertension among teachers in schools in Kerala (CHATS-K), India." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-8082-5.
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Abstract Background Control of blood pressure among hypertensives is a major challenge around the world. Interventions for improving hypertension control in India are very limited. This paper describes the protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial of efficacy of behavioural intervention on control of hypertension among school teachers in Kerala. Methods A total of 92 schools are randomised to intervention and control group in Kerala. A baseline survey was conducted in all schools to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among school teachers in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala state, India. Teachers in both sets of schools will receive a leaflet containing details on the importance of controlling hypertension. With the objective of improving control of hypertension, the intervention schools will additionally receive self-management education and behavioural intervention programs delivered by trained intervention managers along with measurement of weight, waist circumference and blood pressure. This intervention program will be developed based on the findings of the baseline survey and selected components of successful models of hypertension control from previous research done in similar settings. The intervention will be given for 3 months after which a post-survey will be conducted among teachers of both control and intervention schools. The primary outcome is change in control of hypertension and secondary outcome is the change in behavioural risk factors of hypertension both in the control and intervention groups. Discussion This is the first comprehensive study looking at the efficacy of behavioural intervention on hypertension control among school teachers in Kerala, India. This study is likely to provide an upper estimate of behavioural intervention on hypertension control since teachers are reported to have one of the highest compliance rates of behavioural intervention. Trial registration This trial was prospectively registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India [CTRI/2018/01/011402] on 18 January 2018.
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Ganeshkumar, Parasuraman, Rontgen Saigal, Bipin Gopal, Hari Shankar, and Prabhdeep Kaur. "Provision of the Continuum of Care to Noncommunicable Diseases Post-Floods in Kerala, India 2018." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, February 10, 2021, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.461.
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Abstract Integrating noncommunicable disease (NCD) in health care delivery during emergency response posed a major challenge post-floods in Kerala. Kerala experienced an abnormally high rainfall during mid-2018 where more than 400 people lost their lives. State health officials and the Disaster Response Team were sensitized about the importance of including NCDs in the response action. More than 80% of patients with hypertension and diabetes were not under control in Kerala. Under the state NCD cell, an NCD expert group was consulted for drafting the treatment and referral strategies. Steps to tackle NCDs during the disaster response were formulated. The state NCD cell decided to integrate NCDs in the response measures. The technical guidance document by the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region was consulted to formulate actions. The activities were implemented in 6 steps: prioritizing of major NCDS, patient estimation and drug stock preparation, standard treatment protocol, mapping of referral facilities, public engagement, and daily reporting of NCD consultations. Prioritizing the continuum of care of NCDs during floods among the program managers and care providers was crucial. The health education and communication campaign was done to sensitize the known NCD patients to seek early care. Daily reporting of consultations was established.
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Mathews, Elezebeth, Emma Thomas, Pilvikki Absetz, et al. "Cultural adaptation of a peer-led lifestyle intervention program for diabetes prevention in India: the Kerala diabetes prevention program (K-DPP)." BMC Public Health 17, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4986-0.
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Broderick, Ann. "Home-Based Palliative Care Program Relieves Chronic Pain in Kerala, India: Success Realized Through Patient, Family Narratives." Permanente Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7812/tpp/17-151.
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Kunoor, Akhilesh, Binny Prabhu, Vidya P. Menon, et al. "Impact of Implementing a Novel Anti Tuberculosis Treatment Stewardship Program from a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3797584.
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