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Academic literature on the topic 'Kurdish letters'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Kurdish letters"

1

Zebardast, Behnam, and Isa Maleki. "A New Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network based Recognition for Kurdish Manuscript." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 4, no. 4 (2013): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2013100105.

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During recent decades, recognizing letters was a considerable discussion for artificial intelligence researchers and recognize letters due to the variety of languages and different approaches have many challenges. The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are framed based on particular application such as recognition pattern and data classification through learning process is configured. So, it is a proper approach to recognize letters. Kurdish language has two popular handwritings based on Arabic and Latin. In this paper, Radial Basis Function (RBF) of ANNs is used to recognize Kurdish-Latin manuscripts. Although, the authors' proposed method is also used to recognize the letters of all Latin languages which include English, Turkish and etc. are used. The authors implement RBF of ANNs in MATLAB environment. In this paper, the efficiency criteria is supposed to minimize the Mean Square Error (MSE) to recognize Kurdish letters and maximize recognition accuracy of Kurdish letters in training and testing stage of RBF of ANNs. The recognition accuracy in training and testing stages are 100% and 96.7742%, respectively.
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Abdulla, Salam, and Mzhda Hiwa Hama. "Sentiment Analyses for Kurdish Social Network Texts using Naive Bayes Classifier." Journal of University of Human Development 1, no. 4 (2015): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v1n4y2015.pp393-397.

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Language is a great tool to communicate and carry information. Moreover, it is used to express feeling and sentiment. These days sentiment analysis is one the most active field of research, to discover people's opinion about specific product, service or topic. The task of sentiment classification is to categories reviews of users as positive or negative from textual information of Social Networks like Facebook, Google+, Twitter and Blogs to determine the feeling of majority about specific topics. Kurdish language suffer from the unique and standard writing rules, grammar syntax and alphabet. Therefore, Kurdish people write their feeling in social networks in different ways. Some of them prefer to use the Arabic script style while others prefer to use Latin letters to express their feeling, further some people use their different accents and syntax and even sometimes they use English letters write their emotion. Therefore, for the purpose of analytics for Kurdish sentiment analyses its proposed to use data mining classification techniques such as Naive Bayes classifier because of its strong independence assumption. In Experimental results, the Social Network comments are classified into positive or negative polarities. The accuracy of sentiment analysis is obtained 66% by using Naive Bayes classifier for unigram feature on Kurdish text dataset.
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Mossaki, Nodar. "In memoriam: Izzaddin Mustafa Rasul (1934-2019), Iraqi Kurdish man of letters and Soviet-trained scholar." Kurdish Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i1.639.

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The literary scholar Izzaddin Mustafa Rasul (1934-2019) was one of the greatest Iraqi Kurdish scholars trained in the Soviet Union. He was one of a cohort of Iraqi students who received scholarships for study in the USSR in the wake of the 1958 coup that overthrew the Iraqi monarchy, and his time in the USSR coincided with the period of flourishing of Kurdish studies there. Rasul’s PhD dissertation analyzed the development of Kurdish literature within a schematic Marxist-Leninist developmental framework. In his major work, however, which focused on Ahmed Khani and his Mem û Zîn, he went well beyond the standard Soviet treatment of literary works and focused especially on the dimensions of Sufi theosophy and other Islamic content in the work. In this respect, Rasul’s work stands out as a rare exception in Soviet Oriental studies. It remains one of the most ambitious studies of the early modern Kurdish poet Khani.
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KORMI-NOURI, REZA, ALI-REZA MORADI, SHAHRAM MORADI, SAEED AKBARI-ZARDKHANEH, and HAEDEH ZAHEDIAN. "The effect of bilingualism on letter and category fluency tasks in primary school children: Advantage or disadvantage?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 15, no. 2 (2010): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728910000192.

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The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of bilingualism on letter and category fluency tasks. Participants were 1,600 monolingual and bilingual children from three cities in Iran: Tehran (Persian monolinguals), Tabriz (Turkish–Persian bilinguals), and Sanandaj (Kurdish–Persian bilinguals). We separately presented nine Persian letters and thirty-one categories to the participants, and asked them to generate as many words as possible using each of these initial letters and categories within a maximum of three minutes. Bilingual children generated more words than monolingual children in the letter fluency task; this effect was more pronounced in Grade 1 and for Turkish–Persian bilinguals. However, Persian monolinguals generated significantly more words than both bilingual groups in the category fluency task. Thus, bilingualism can be of both advantage and disadvantage, and produce a dissociative effect. We discuss the results on the basis of the specific nature and different cognitive demands of letter and category fluency tasks. We suggest that the degree of language proficiency of bilinguals should be considered as an important variable in future research on bilingualism.
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Beyad, Maryam Soltan, Somaye Ghorbani, and Cyrus Amiri. "English letters, Kurdish words: Debunking Orientalist Tropes in Kae Bahar’s Letters from a Kurd." Cogent Arts & Humanities 5, no. 1 (2018): 1555875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2018.1555875.

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6

Attieh, Saeed A., and Ahmad R. Khalil. "A Study of Apology Strategies used by Bahdini Kurdish students with Reference to English." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 8, no. 4 (2019): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a486.

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This research studies the frequently used strategies by Kurdish students when they express their apology in their mother tongue. The present study tries to address two questions related as to whether the participants in questions follow the same strategies classified by Sugimotos (1997) or not, as well as the impact of gender factor on these strategies. The corpus consists of responses to Discourse Completion Test (DCT), which includes five different situations. The informants have been 30 subjects: 15 male students and 15 female students. The informants were students at college of basic education, English department, 4th stage. The DCT is written in English and informants were asked to write their responses in Kurdish. The data collected have been descriptively analyzed according to the content, frequency, and order of semantic formulas used by Sugimotos (1997). Finally, the most used strategies are translated into English also the Kurdish responses were written in English letters. In order to arrive at statistical results, the percentage of the most frequently used strategy was counted.
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Amini, Behnam, Natalia Suit, and Soheila Shahshahani. "Reports." Anthropology of the Middle East 13, no. 2 (2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ame.2018.130209.

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PublicationsGareth Stansfield and Mohammed Shareef (eds), The Kurdish Question Revisited (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)J. R. Osborn, Letters of Light: Arabic Script in Calligraphy, Print, and Digital Design (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017)Conference18th IUAES World Congress, ‘Word (of) Encounters: The Past, Present and Future of Anthropological Knowledge’, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 16–20 July 2018
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8

Abdul, Zrar Khalid. "Kurdish Spoken Letter Recognition based on k-NN and SVM Model." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 4 (2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(4).paper1.

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Automatic recognition of spoken letters is one of the most challenging tasks in the area of speech recognition system. In this paper, different machine learning approaches are used to classify the Kurdish alphabets such as SVM and k-NN where both approaches are fed by two different features, Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs). Moreover, the features are combined together to learn the classifiers. The experiments are evaluated on the dataset that are collected by the authors as there as not standard Kurdish dataset. The dataset consists of 2720 samples as a total. The results show that the MFCC features outperforms the LPC features as the MFCCs have more relative information of vocal track. Furthermore, fusion of the features (MFCC and LPC) is not capable to improve the classification rate significantly.
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9

Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mazen Ismaeel Ghareb, and Shaahin Karimi. "Towards a Serious Game for Kurdish Language Learning." Journal of University of Human Development 1, no. 3 (2015): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v1n3y2015.pp376-384.

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Language learning is a set of techniques and methods used together to teach fundamentals of a language, including writing, reading, listening and comprehension. Usually begins by teaching letters. The purpose of this research was to initiate a scientific approach using serious games in order to discover a proper way to learn Kurdish language by writing approach. We studied related fields i.e. level of using technology with elementary school students, the method of teaching Kurdish language in the Kurdistan educational system and the students' enthusiasm for gaming. The outcome of the field-study shows there is a big gap between the current state and capacity of technology and serious game. Serious game is a composition of entertainment game with learning methods to help learning easy. We make the hypothesis that the game encourages pupils to learn rapidly. We aimed to prove a method that students start language learning by writing. In addition, there was no any serious game for learning Kurdish which it has two different alphabets and four main dialects. In this paper, we worked on Arami[1] alphabets and south dialect (Sorani). We created an algorithm and a prototype to test our hypothesis. Our prototype is simple and easy to use, but at the same time it is dynamic that a teacher or parent can generate different game. A user might have a profile and result saves in a database. It helps supervisors to assess progress of learning and diagnosis of mistakes.
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10

Leezenberg, Michiel. "“A Rare Pearl Passed from Hand to Hand”." Journal of World Literature 5, no. 2 (2020): 253–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00502005.

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Abstract Pascale Casanova’s notion of the “world republic of letters” systematically transcends national boundaries, as well as the opposition between internalist structural analyses and externalist political reductions, arguing that individual works of literature acquire their meaning only against the background of this transnational literary field with its own, irreducibly literary forms of domination. Yet, I will argue, Casanova’s work is not yet sufficiently transnational and not sufficiently historicizing; specifically, it overlooks non-Western cosmopolitan traditions and premodern vernacularization processes. As a case study, I will discuss the vernacularization of Georgian, Kurdish, and Armenian within the Persianate cosmopolitan, and on the consecration of national epics in these three languages. These examples suggest an approach to the literary field that allows for greater geographical width and historical depth; it also invites us to look for more radical historical variability in the concept of literature itself.
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