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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kurdistan, history'
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Morad, Kawa. "Stranbêjî in contemporary Iraqi Kurdistan : discourses of history, heritage, and tradition." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/27055.
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This thesis examines stranbêjî, a traditional style of singing in Kurdish, and its performers in contemporary Iraqi Kurdistan, Badinan region. The thesis argues that stranbêjî, as a cultural social practice and as a musical style, is changing form not only because of its interaction with audio-visual technologies as other studies often highlight in passing, but also in response to a nascent popular music culture, societal and “inter-ethnic” sensibilities, all of which compel performers to adopt new aesthetics and politics of performance and popularity. I ascribe this to performers’ novel understandings of their arts and their re-conceptualizations of themselves as active social agents in the cultural, musical and political spaces within which they operate in Iraqi Kurdistan. To prepare the social and political backdrop for those discussions, the thesis first provides a comprehensive ethnography of the tradition, its performers and overall aesthetics, as it exists today in Badinan, the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). It then turns to scrutinize the effects of recording and institutional practices surrounding the tradition, as well as examining the political capital it represents in the context of identity politics and nation-building. It explores institutional practices, and how they are saturated with notions of modernity, progress, multiculturalism, and pan-Kurdish identity politics. Ultimately, the thesis approaches stranbêjî as a site and a practice around, and through which discourses of history, belonging, self, community and nation are expressed, performed, and negotiated. In focusing on the ways in which stranbêjî and its performers adapt to social, political, and cultural forces and trends, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of notions of persistence and continuity with regard to cultural traditions in modernity.
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Tawfeeq, Bewar. "Kurdistan, l’état introuvable? : la région autonome du Kurdistan d'Irak, la Turquie et les grandes puissances 1990-2010." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30076.
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Cette recherche doctorale présente l'intérêt d'étudier la question kurde, qui est l'une desquestions politiques les plus récurrentes dans l'histoire du Moyen-Orient depuis plus d'unsiècle. Cette question est celle d’un peuple qui oscille selon les estimations entre vingt-cinq etquarante millions d’habitants, et d’une langue qui connaît plusieurs déclinaisons régionales.La question de son devenir est un sujet majeur au Proche-Orient. Cette question estl'incarnation et le reflet du problème de la mauvaise planification et démarcation desfrontières politiques entre les pays du Moyen-Orient. Il est vrai que le traité de Sèvres, signéen 1920, prévoyait la création d’un État kurde indépendant. Mais trois ans plus tard, en 1923,le traité de Lausanne nia cette promesse d’indépendance en passant sous silence lesprétentions kurdes quant à la création de leur État.Après le traité de Lausanne, les Kurdes se retrouvent donc sans État. Le pays desKurdes, le « Kurdistan », est réparti sur quatre États principaux : la Turquie, l’Iran, l’Irak et laSyrie. Depuis lors, la question kurde est devenue plus difficile et complexe, car à ce momentlà,le processus de nettoyage ethnique, la marginalisation forcée, la violation des droitskurdes, la négation de l'identité kurde et le morcellement des terres pétrolières et agricolesavaient déjà commencé. En conséquence, les révoltes et soulèvements ont éclaté contre lesÉtats-nations où étaient dispersés les Kurdes. La présente thèse propose d’examiner les causesprincipales de l’échec du projet kurde d’« établir d'un État kurde indépendant » qui durejusqu’à aujourd’hui, malgré l'arrivée de cette question à des niveaux très élevés dans lesdiscussions régionales et internationales, en particulier en ce qui concerne les droitsnationauxThis doctoral research presents the interest in studying the Kurdish question, which isone of the most recurrent political issues in the history of the Middle East for more than acentury. This question is that of a people oscillating between an estimated twenty-five andforty million inhabitants and a language with several regional variations. The question of itsfuture is a major subject in the Middle East. This question is the incarnation and reflection ofthe problem of the bad planning and demarcation of political boundaries between thecountries of the Middle East. It is true that the Treaty of Sevres signed in 1920, provided forthe creation of an independent Kurdish state. On the contrary, three years later, in 1923, theTreaty of Lausanne denied this promise of independence by ignoring the Kurdish pretensionsto the creation of their state.After the Treaty of Lausanne, the Kurds are therefore without a state. The Kurdishcountry, called "Kurdistan", is spread over four main states: Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria.Since then, the Kurdish question has become more difficult and complex because at that timethe process of ethnic cleansing, forced marginalization, violation of Kurdish rights, denial ofKurdish identity, fragmentation of oil and agricultural lands had already begun. As a result,revolts and uprisings erupted against the nation-states where the Kurds were scattered. Thisthesis proposes to examine the main causes of the failure of the Kurdish project of"establishing an independent Kurdish state" which lasts until today, despite the arrival of thisissue at very high levels in regional and international discussions, particularly with regard tonational rights
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Stavhagen, Niclas. "Bilden som röst för ett rop på hjälp : En semiotisk bildanalys av svenska pressbilders iscensättning av folkmordet på den kurdiska befolkningen i Irak 1988." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40605.
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An important starting point for the thesis is the enormous importance of photography as a source for historical research. Earlier in history, this approach has not been obvious among many historians, but recent decades’ new trends have emerged that have changed the attitude towards the image as historical source. Against this background, the main purpose of the thesis is to study how the Swedish media have chosen to portray the genocide of the Kurdish population in Iraq in 1988. The material consists of photographs that has been published by Swedish newspapers from 1988. In order to visualize general patterns, trends and a symbolism in the images, the methodological approach has been based on a semiotic image analysis where the image has been placed in a context while analyzed from two levels. In addition to this, a cultural theoretical perspective has also formed the theoretical framework for the thesis. Here, the starting point has been that the photographs published in the Swedish press papers reflected a cultural as well as a historical context in which they existed in. The results of the thesis have shown that the imagery has testified to a clear tendency to create clear dividing lines between male and female individuals in the photographs. The research have showed that women and children got strong positions as victims while the men usually became absence or they became more dominant in the situations when they showed up. When it came to the context in which the images were published, it showed that the photographs usually came to be placed in context where they came to symbolize or manifest events that concern parts of the genocide. Sometimes images also came to complement each other like a story where each part had to manifest certain parts of the story.
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Alsayid, Mohammed M. A. "Peace education in Iraqi Kurdistan schools : an analysis of human rights and history education curriculum." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/1026a656-95ee-452b-a2c5-a2c5f41e50d6/1.
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Reforming the education system to reflect a new vision of society is part of many peacebuilding efforts in post-conflict societies. Accordingly, the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is currently implementing a wide range of reforms in the education system in Iraqi Kurdistan. This research is a qualitative study of the KRG’s efforts to implement a peace education curriculum. It uses critical discourse analysis to investigate the Human Rights Education (HRE) textbooks content for Grades 5 and 7 (ages 11 and 13) and the History Education (HE) textbooks content for Grades 5, 6, 7 and 8 (age 11 to 14). The study also focuses on the policy and strategies of the Ministry of Education (ME) in implementing these subjects; the teaching methods used; and how effectively the knowledge, values and skills involved have been disseminated. The approach adopted by the ME to peace education is top down and experiences significant resistance from teachers and parents. Moreover, the curriculum reforms lacked consideration of the hidden and null curricula. The research highlights how HRE contents are primarily focused on cognitive development of awareness of rights and responsibilities rather than acquiring social skills and a critical approach, and that the content was not contextualised to the reality of Iraqi Kurdistan. Furthermore, the research found that the HE curriculum focuses on the history of Iraq, Kurdistan and Islamic history and presents a message that glorifies war; it is not open to different narratives or interpretations and does not foster critical debate or an enquiry-based approach. The curriculum contents included concepts and statements that appear to instigate violence and build divisions between Muslims and non-Muslims. Despite the achievements of the ME in improving the education system there are many challenges such as weak infrastructure, lack of professional development and resistance through the wider cultural context. The methods of teaching are what Freire terms the ‘banking system’, authoritarian and not learner-centred, which largely reflects the social fabric of Kurdish society. The research identified many challenges facing teachers including the level of their commitment, skills, specialization and capacity-building. However, it also found positive support for HRE among students and teachers.
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Wilcox, Andrew. "Orientalism and imperialism : Protestant missionary narratives of the 'other' in nineteenth and early twentieth century Kurdistan." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16754.
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Through an examination of the letters, reports and published writings of the missionaries of two distinctive Protestant missions active in the Kurdish region during the nineteenth century, this thesis explores the Orientalist and imperialist qualities of missionary knowledge production. It demonstrates the diversity of Protestant missionary thought on the subject of the Orient and the individual nature of missionary knowledge production during this period. Equally importantly the study allows for a critical examination of the Orientalist critique in the context of missionary activity and a contextualised assessment of missionary complicity with imperialism. The findings of the study show that the Orientalism of the Anglican ‘Assyrian Mission’ and that of the American Presbyterian ‘West Persia Mission’ share common characteristics but, importantly, diverge diametrically in the meanings ascribed to the differences perceived to separate ‘Oriental’ from ‘Occidental’. This diversity in the representative style of the two missions can be linked to their opposed objectives in relation to proselytisation and thus suggests that their knowledge production was not solely determined by Orientalist discourse but also influenced by other discursive factors. Given Edward Said’s recognition of the diversity of the phenomenon of Orientalism it is therefore of great value to attempt to map some of this vast and divergent terrain of ideas. My thesis thus suggests that a meaningful division can be made within the Orientalist discourse between expressions of an Orientalism of essential difference and that of an Orientalism of circumstantial difference. Concerning imperialism, the study argues that, although these missionaries can be considered imperialists in an unwitting and indirect sense, care needs to be taken in the application of this label. My argument is that association with and contribution to textual attitudes which promote ideas of ontological or cultural superiority are a very different activity to conscious engagement in projects of imperial expansion; and that this needs to be recognised. Furthermore the standard model of a political metropolitan center determining the fate of its activities in the periphery is reversed in the case of these missionaries, where religious concerns drove engagement against political interests.
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Alsancakli, Sacha. "Le Šarafnāma de Šaraf Xān Bidlīsī (ca. 1005/1596-1597) ˸ composition, transmission et réception d’une chronique des dynasties kurdes entre les Safavides et les Ottomans." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA143.
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Le Šarafnāma est un ouvrage écrit en persan par Šaraf Xān Bidlīsī (949-1009/1543-1600), gouverneur kurde de la principauté de Bidlīs, en 1005/1596-1597 environ. Il s’agit d’une chronique des dynasties et tribus kurdes, commençant avec la dynastie des Marwānides, à la fin du IVe/Xe siècle, pour se terminer avec les événements de l’année 1005/1596-1597 et le récit de l’histoire des Diyādīnides de Bidlīs, lignée dont était issu l’auteur. La chronique est composée d’une introduction (muqaddima) et de quatre ṣaḥīfas (livres). À cette chronique, l’auteur a également ajouté un épilogue (xātima) constitué par des annales ottomanes et safavides. Il existe, à ce jour, une quarantaine de manuscrits du Šarafnāma encore existants. Notre première tâche a été d’identifier ces manuscrits et de les consulter, sous forme physique ou numérique, afin de les comparer et de produire un stemma codicum des copies de l’ouvrage. Une fois ceci fait, notre recherche a plus particulièrement porté sur les manuscrits produits du vivant de l’auteur, dans les années 1005-1007/1596-1599, ainsi que sur les copies effectuées au XIe/XVIIe siècle, soit le siècle suivant la composition de l’ouvrage. Après une première partie consistant en une étude générale sur le travail historiographique de Šaraf Xān, nous avons, dans une deuxième partie, étudié spécifiquement les trois manuscrits transcrits de sa main ou sous sa supervision, afin de mettre en lumière le caractère réfléchi et collaboratif du processus de composition de l’ouvrage. Dans la troisième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à la dizaine de manuscrits produits au XIe/XVIIe siècle à Bidlīs, Kilīs, Alep et dans la région d’Ardalān, et aux processus de réappropriation et de réinterpréation de l’oeuvre originale visible dans ces copiesThe Šarafnāma is a book written in Persian by Šaraf Xān Bidlīsī (949-1009/1543-1600), Kurdish governor of the principality of Bidlīs, in about 1005/1596-1597. It is a chronicle of Kurdish dynasties and tribes, starting with the Marwānid dynasty, at the end of the 4th/10th century, and concluding with the events of the year 1005/1596-1597 and the story of the Diyādīnids of Bidlīs, the author’s own household. The chronicle is composed of an introduction (muqaddima) and four ṣaḥīfas (books). The author has also added an epilogue (xātima), which is an annalistic history of the Ottomans and the Safavids. There are around forty extant manuscripts of the Šarafnāma. Our first task has been to identify and physically or digitally consult these manuscripts, in order to compare them and produce a stemma codicum of the book’s copies. Once this was done, we have focused our research on the manuscripts copied during the author’s lifetime, in the years 1005-1007/1596-1599, as well as on the copies made in the 11th/17th century, immediately following the book’s composition. The first part of our work is a general study of Šaraf Xān’s historiographical outlook. In the second part, we have studied the three manuscripts transcribed by the author or under his supervision, in order to highlight the thought out and collaborative nature of the book’s composition. In the third part, we have focused on the dozen manuscripts produced in the 11th/17th century in Bidlīs, Kilīs, Aleppo and the Ardalān region, and on the processes of reappropriation and reinterpration of the original work manifest in these copies
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Kuruüzüm, Umut. "Expanding war, expanding capital : production, labour, and contradictions of contemporary capitalism in the Kurdistan region of Iraq." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3799/.
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This thesis explores a heterogeneous migrant labour force, particularly Kurdish workers from the south-east of Turkey, working in a private steel mill outside Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The wider context is one of war, population displacement, political disintegration, and economic fluctuation. The dissertation builds on ethnographic fieldwork conducted over a period of 16 months between November 2014 and February 2016 in the south-west of Erbil, ten miles away from the town of Gwer, the ISIS–Iraqi Kurdistan war front. It demonstrates how political and economic fragmentation created a zone for the appropriation and super-exploitation of cheap material and human resources and facilitated an expansion of unregulated capitalism. In this process, capitalist production became freed from the cost and constraint of a moral economy of labour, as political disintegration and Kurdish nationalism created consent and coercion for the corporate control of local resources. Industrial production constituted a field of experimentation in labour relations for both management and labourers, in a manner exemplary of contemporary capitalism. The dissertation opens with a discussion of relational and holistic approaches to the expansion of capitalism and inequality; it then moves to examine the Hiwa neighbourhood as a frontier landscape between the relative stability and security of Iraqi Kurdistan and the insecurity and uncertainty of the war zones of Iraq, Syria and Eastern Turkey. Chapters 1 and 2 describe how production and destruction, formal and informal economies, and deregulation and criminalization are interconnected and integral to the recycling of war scrap on which the expansion of the steel mill depends. Chapters 3 and 4 turn from the environment to labour, and examine the heterogeneous work force composed of migrant men from India, Syria, Turkey, Iran, and the rest of Iraq. Their labour has been made cheap through distinct formal and informal work practices within the wider dynamics of war, displacement, and informalization in the region. Complementary to this structural analysis, Chapters 5 and 6 turn to individual life stories of migrant labourers, focusing on how they experience incertitude, from gruelling everyday uncertainties concerning unstable work to life-threatening disease. In so doing, the thesis aims to document the moral and material consequences of contemporary capitalism in Iraqi Kurdistan for migrant labour at a more intimate level.
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Haner, Murat. "The Freedom Fighter: A Terrorist''s Own Story." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479818030113573.
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Cerny, Johannes. "Deconstructing ethnic conflict and sovereignty in explanatory international relations : the case of Iraqi Kurdistan and the PKK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17972.
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This study is essentially a critique of how the three dominant paradigms of explanatory international relations theory - (neo-)realism, liberalism, and systemic constructivism - conceive of, analytically deal with, and explain ethnic conflict and sovereignty. By deconstructing their approaches to ethnic identity formation in general and ethnic conflict in particular it argues that all three paradigms, in their epistemologies, ontologies and methodologies through reification and by analytically equating ethnic groups with states, tend to essentialise and substantialise the ethnic lines of division and strategic essentialisms of ethnic and ethno-nationalist elites they set out to describe, and, all too often, even write them into existence. Particular attention, both at the theoretical and empirical level, will be given to the three explanatory frameworks explanatory IR has contributed to the study of ethnic conflict: the 'ethnic security dilemma', the 'ethnic alliance model', and, drawing on other disciplines, instrumentalist approaches. The deconstruction of these three frameworks will form the bulk of the theoretical section, and will subsequently be shown in the case study to be ontologically untenable or at least to fail to adequately explain the complex dynamics of ethnic identity formation in ethnic conflict. By making these essentialist presumptions, motives, and practices explicit this study makes a unique contribution not only to the immediate issues it addresses but also to the wider debate on the nature of IR as a discipline. As a final point, drawing on constitutive theory and by conceiving of the behaviour and motives of protagonists of ethnic conflict as expressions of a fluid, open-ended, and situational matrix of identities and interests without sequential hierarchies of dependent and independent variables, the study attempts to offer an alternative, constitutive reading of ethnic and nationalist identity to the discourses of explanatory IR. These themes that are further developed in the empirical section where, explanatory IRA's narratives of ethnic group solidarity, ethno-nationalism, and national self-determination are examined and deconstructed by way of the case study of the relations between the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Iraqi Kurdish ethno-nationalist parties in the wider context of the political status of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. With this ambition this study makes an original empirical contribution by scrutinising these relations in a depth unique to the literature.
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Ilbiz, Ethem. "The impact of the European Union on Turkish counter-terrorism policy towards the Kurdistan Workers Party." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14280/.
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This study seeks to examine the impact of the EU on Turkish counter-terrorism policies towards the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK). It analyses what impact it has had within three distinct periods: the pre-Helsinki European Council (1984-1999) period, the post-Helsinki European Council (1999-2004) period, and the post-Brussels European Council (2004-2013) period. It conceptualizes and empirically investigates the EU’s norm diffusion role by relying on the concept of “Rule Adoption”, and by utilising two norm diffusion mechanisms: the “Conditionality” and the “Socialization” mechanism, and their domestic and EU-level determinants. The thesis argues that when the EU has promoted democratisation in Turkey, it has also implicitly impacted on Turkey’s counter-terrorism policies. It argues for this thesis by generalizing from the following empirical findings: When the EU has provided a credible membership prospect to Turkey, and when the PKK attacks have been at a low-level, then the EU conditionality mechanism has been influential on Turkey’s adoption of EU promoted norms. However, when there has been no membership prospect and high levels of PKK violence, it has been the openness of Turkish political actors that has resulted in rule adoption, in which the social learning of the Turkish political actors has led to the adoption of EU promoted norms as an appropriate way to solve existing terrorism problems.
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Vogel, Chelsea. "The Viability of Democratic Governance in De Facto States: A Comparative Case Study of Iraqi Kurdistan and Syria Rojava." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7239.
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The following comparative case study of Iraqi Kurdistan and Democratic Federation of Northern Syria-Rojava seeks to fill a gap in literature on the viability of democracy in cases of de facto statehood. There is yet to be an assessment of the potential influence of support from patron states on the degree to which democratization in de facto states is possible. This research expands upon on the argument that the decision to recognize de facto states is at least partially dependent upon the national interests of influential third party states. Syria Rojava has relied heavily on the strength of its internal sovereignty for survival where Iraqi Kurdistan received significant external support in vital phases of the state building process and was not reliant entirely on the strength of its internal unity.
Where Kurdistan received essential major power support from permanent UN Security Council members early in the state-building process, as well as afterwards in constructing a divided system of governance, Syria Rojava has received little external support and faces an international community that denies its existence. It is estimated that in the following research the support of Major Powers early in the state-building process fundamentally changes the nature of internal sovereignty. More specifically the strength and weakness of conditions of internal sovereignty influence the type of governance that is practiced in the cases under analysis. Where the conditions of internal sovereignty are strong, the viability for democratization decreases; where the conditions of internal sovereignty are weak, the viability for democratization increases. In the case of Iraqi Kurdistan, the relatively weak conditions of internal sovereignty, while resulting in conditions that are more conducive to democratization, subjects the region to increased dependence on external powers for survival.
Whereas in Syria Rojava, the relatively strong conditions of internal sovereignty while resulting in conditions that are less conducive to democratization, subjects the region to less dependence on external powers for survival. Theories that seek to affirm the possibility of democratization in de facto states have so far eschewed consideration of the military and diplomatic support of patron states in the early de facto state building process. There is a need for research that takes into consideration the specific events that lead to the creation of de facto states so as not to overlook the possibility that external actors play a role in shaping conditions of internal sovereignty.
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Goddard, Stephen Ross. "Neither (Fully) Here Nor There: Negotiation Narratives of Nashville's Kurdish Youth." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1357.
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Nashville, Tennessee, is home to nearly fifteen thousand ethnic Kurds. They have come in four distinct groups over the course of two decades to escape the hardship and horror of brutal central government policies, some directed toward their extinction. Many of that number are young people who were infants or toddlers when they were whisked away to the safety of temporary way stations prior to their arrival in the United States. What that means is that these youth have spent the majority of their formative years within the context of the American culture. This thesis is a study of how they view their place within and/or apart from that culture and the one into which they were born, the Kurdish one. My contention is that they all live a double life. Over the course of a seven-month period in 2013, I conducted recorded interviews with eleven Kurds in Nashville, ages 16-26. Most were young women but all represented a healthy cross-section of experience as third-culture kids. What I discovered is presented in three chapters dealing with the issues of emigration/immigration, gender, and identity. That is prefaced by a brief history of the Kurdish nation and of their movement out of Kurdistan, as well as a discussion of my fieldwork procedures and products. My interviewees present their perspectives on each of these issues through select transcript portions provided in each chapter. My thesis was direct: young Kurds in Nashville live a duality in which neither part, American or Kurdish, is equally valued or shared at all times. They live in two worlds but are not and, perhaps, cannot be fully invested in either. That is what their words spoke to me. But just as clearly, there was an unrivaled individuality in the way that every one of the eleven related to each community of which they were a part. Some were closer to one than the other while others attempted a seemingly uncomfortable straddle. Either way, they managed the hand they were dealt as they deemed proper and most did so remarkably well.
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Latham, Lechowick Rick. "Sticks and Stones : External Influences on Êzîdî Religious and Cultural Transformation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-317454.
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This paper reviews foreign influences on Êzîdîism from 19th Century travelogues to the 2014 Şengal Genocide. The author introduces a broader definition for ‘Êzîdîism’ than previously used to show that the affects of external mistreatment are pervasive throughout the community. Using examples of Êzîdî orthopraxy, the paper demonstrates the changes occurring within Êzîdîism due to foreign influence. The author suggests that outsiders consider varying their literary and linguistic treatment of Êzîdîism. In light of the Êzîdîs’ current situation, this paper concludes with the possibilities that religious and cultural re-definition might provide.
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Hakim, Sarko Hussen Hakim [Verfasser], Moh’d M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Amro, Moh’d M. [Gutachter] Amro, and Leonhard [Gutachter] Ganzer. "History matching sensitivity investigations and forecasting for low matrix porosity, permeability and highly fractured carbonate reservoir to optimize oil production in Kurdistan Region / Sarko Hussen Hakim Hakim ; Gutachter: Moh’d M. Amro, Leonhard Ganzer ; Betreuer: Moh’d M. Amro." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1226101100/34.
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Hakim, Sarko [Verfasser], Moh’d M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Amro, Moh’d M. [Gutachter] Amro, and Leonhard [Gutachter] Ganzer. "History matching sensitivity investigations and forecasting for low matrix porosity, permeability and highly fractured carbonate reservoir to optimize oil production in Kurdistan Region / Sarko Hussen Hakim Hakim ; Gutachter: Moh’d M. Amro, Leonhard Ganzer ; Betreuer: Moh’d M. Amro." Freiberg : Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa2-325314.
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Hesso, Aimad. "Kurdistan syrien (Rojava) : histoire, géographie et géopolitique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL106.
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Si les Kurdes du Rojava (terme par lequel ils désignent le Kurdistan de Syrie après 2011) ont pu, comme leurs frères d’Irak dans les années 1990, profiter de l’affaiblissement du pouvoir central pour gagner une autonomie de facto, leurs orientations sont très différentes. Ce travail vise à étudier celles-ci et à évaluer défis et possibilités politiques futures s’offrant à eux. Un premier travail d’archives a examiné l’ancienneté de la présence des Kurdes en Syrie et les racines historiques de leurs revendications politiques présentes, focalisé particulièrement sur l’évolution des tribus kurdes et à leur sédentarisation rapide durant la période mandataire française (1920-1946) et les premières revendications politiques (notamment le mouvement autonomiste de 1937 en Haute Djézireh). La situation politique des Kurdes dans la Syrie de l’indépendance (1946) à la révolution (2011), a été largement déterminée par la prédominance du nationalisme arabe. L’étude des orientations des différents partis politiques kurdes, notamment dans la période de 2011 à aujourd’hui, a été menée à partir des sources et surtout de nombreux séjours de terrain, permettant de rencontrer des responsables politiques, et à partir desquels une cartographie inédite du Rojava a été élaborée. Ce mouvement, qui, au niveau international, opte après la bataille de Kobané (2014) pour l’insertion dans la coalition anti-Daech, se caractérise localement à la fois par une volonté de dépassement du nationalisme kurde et une stratégie de développement d’alliances avec les communautés non-kurdesKurds of Rojava (as they have been designing Kurdistan of Syria since 2011) were able, as their Iraqi brethren from the 90s onwards, to take advantage of a weakened central government to gain de facto autonomy, with, however, very different orientations. This research aims to study these and to evaluate political challenges and opportunities awaiting them. We relied on archival work to study the history of Kurdish presence in Syria and the roots of their present political demands, particularly during the French mandate (1920-1946), with the fast evolution and settlement of the Kurdish tribes and the first political expression (in particular the 1937 autonomist movement in Upper Djezireh). Next we studied the political situation of the Kurds in Syria from independence (1946) to revolution (2011), a situation that we think was largely determined by the predominance of Arab nationalism. Studying the orientations of the Kurdish political parties in the period from 2011 to today was carried out through numerous field trips, during which we met political leaders and collected data allowing us to build an original cartography of Rojava. We concluded that this movement, which, at international level, chose after the Kobane battle to integrate the anti-ISIS coalition, is locally characterised by both a drive to move on from Kurdish nationalism and a strategy of alliance with non-Kurdish communities
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Gallo, Sevin Marie. "Honor Crimes and the Embodiment of Turkish Nationalism, 1926-2016." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1460417033.
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Aymar, Olivier. "Moustapha Barzani dans l'histoire du Kurdistan." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100160.
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Né dans un contexte extrêmement agité, et emprisonné en compagnie de sa mère a l’Age de 8 mois, Moustapha Barzani eut une vie identique à celle de sa tribu qui mena une lutte acharnée, durant de nombreuses années, contre les autorités ottomanes en anglo-iraquiennes. Sans grande instruction scolaire, mais avec une bonne connaissance de l'art de guerrier, Moustapha Barzani se distingua lors de son évasion de son lieu d'exil, en 1943. A partir de cette date, il prit en main la destinée de sa tribu et mena le combat pour le contrôle de certaines régions. Pourchasse par les armées irakienne, iranienne et turque, Moustapha Barzani fut contrait de reprendre le chemin de l'exil en direction de l’URSS, ou il passa près de 12 ans de sa vie, avant de revenir parmi les siens. La possibilité de retour de M. Barzani vers son pays natal, se présenta, lors de la prise du pouvoir en Irak, le 4 juillet 1958 par Abdel Kerim Kassem. Ce dernier permit à Barzani ainsi qu'à ses hommes de revenir en Irak. Il reconnut l'existence des kurdes et leur accorda une certaine autonomie. Barzani revint ainsi en Irak, en octobr4e 1958. Fondateur du parti démocrate du Kurdistan irakien, Barzani fut élu à sa présidence dès son retour. C'est alors que commença son combat pour un Kurdistan autonome. Il obtint une certaine autonomie de la des régimes successifs irakiensBorn in an extremely troubled period, and imprisoned with his mother when he was 8 months old. Mr. Barzani led a similar life to that of this tribe which fought fiercely and for many years the ottoman and anglo-iraqui authorities. Not much of a scholar, bat very well versed in the art of war, Mr. Barzani became famous when he escaped in 1943 from the place where he was in exile. From that date on, he took in hand the fate of his tribe and led the fighting to take over certain areas. Pursued by the Iraqi, Iranian and Turkish armies, Mr. Barzani had to go into exile again to the Ussr, where he spent nearly 12 years of his life, before coming back home. It became possible for Mr. Barzani to return to his nature land when A. K. Kassem seized power in Iraq, on July 14th 1958. A. K. Kassem allowed Barzani his men to return to Iraq. He recognized the existence of the Kurds and granted them a form of autonomy. The Barzani returned to Iraq in October 1958. The founder of the democrat party of Iraq Kurdistan, Barzani was elected president as soon after his return. Then his struggle for the autonomy of Kurdistan began. He got some formed of autonomy from the successive Iraqi governments
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Muhamad, Amen Narmen Ali. "Les églises et monastères du "Kurdistan irakien" à la veille et au lendemain de l'Islam." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001VERS002S.
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A travers ce sujet, nous avons étudié l'art chrétien depuis avant l'avènement de l'islam (c'est-à-dire avant le VIIe siècle après J. C. ) jusqu'au XIXe siècle, et la place de cet art dans l'art nord-mésopotamien. Notre étude est composée de cinq parties principales. Dans la première partie, nous présentons les données géographiques de la région. Ensuite, nous passons en revue les principaux voyageurs européens qui ont effectué des expéditions au Kurdistan entre les XIIIe et XIXe siècles après J. -C. Ces voyageurs étaient nombreux, de Marco Polo jusqu'à Mme G. Bell. Leurs íntérêts étaient très variés et ne concernaient pas uniquement l'archéologie : MM. Fiey et Preusser et Mme G. Bell, en particulier, ont laissé des travaux remarquables sur l'art chrétien au Kurdistan. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions les bases de l'histoire générale du christianisme au Kurdistan et de la période sassanide, pendant laquelle l'Église nestorienne d'Orient est née. Nous examinons également la conquête arabe et les Kurdes, la situation des communautés non musulmanes sous la domination arabe, et l'état des églises et des monastères. Dans la troisième partie, nous étudions la plupart des églises et des monastères du Kurdistan irakien ; bien que certaines et certains d'entre eux aient déjà été étudiés par d'autres, nous examinons leur état actuel. Pour d'autres, pas ou mal connus, nous avons relevé les plans. Une grande partie de ce travail est consacrée à leur situation, leur histoire et leur architecture. Un petit nombre de couvents qui sont restés intacts, se trouve dans la région de MossoulThrough this subject, we studied Christian art since before the advent of Islam (i. E. Before the VIIth century) until the XIXth century, and the place of this art in Northern Mesopotamian art. Our study comprises five main parts. In the first part, we present the geographical and historical data of the region. Then we review the leading European travellers who travelled to and through Kurdistan between the XIIIth and XIXth centuries A. D. There were many of them, from Marco Polo to Mrs G. Bell. Their interests were quite varied and did not focus only on archeology : Mr Fiey, Mr Preusser and Mrs G. Bell, in particular, wrote remarkable works on Christian art in Kurdistan. In the second part, we study the basis of the general history of Christianity in Kurdistan and of the Sassanid period, during which the Nestorian Church of the Orient was born. We also examine the Arab conquest and the Kurds, the situation of the non Moslem communities under Arab domination, and the state of the churches and monasteries. In the third part, we study most of the churches and monasteries of Iraqi Kurdistan ; some of them had aready been studied by others, but we look at their present state. For the churches or monasteries which were less well or not known, we copied out their plan. Large parts of such work is devoted to their situation, their history and their architecture. A small number of convents which have remained intact are located in the Mossoul region
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Abdulla-Ali, Najat. "Empire, frontière et tribu : le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100075.
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A partir du XVIe siècle, le Kurdistan devint le centre du conflit de frontière turco-persan. Situé entre l'Empire ottoman et l'Empire perse, le Kurdistan fut l'une des plus grandes réserves militaires, une source économique et une zone tampon permettant d'assurer la sécurité frontalière des deux belligérants. Avec l'émergence du bloc chiite safavide opposé au bloc ottoman sunnite traditionnel, les croyances devinrent un prétexte pour se livrer une guerre permanente qui dura de la bataille de Tchaldêran en 1514 jusqu' à la signature du IIe traité d'Erzeroum en 1847. Ce dernier traité marqua au moins officiellement la fin du " jeu " des tribus kurdes entre les deux frontières, ce qui permit à Constantinople de mettre fin aux petites autorités locales kurdes. Après la Première Guerre Mondiale, la question kurde sortit du domaine spéculatif de la presse et entra dans le terrain de " jeu " diplomatique. Le traité de Sèvres décida de créer un petit Etat kurde, mais Mustafa Kemal réussit à déchirer ce traité. Enfin, après la fixation des frontières turco-irakienne en 1926 et turco-persane en 1932, le Kurdistan devint une colonie divisée entre quatre pays voisinsRight from the XVIth-century, Kurdistan became the center of the Turco-Persian conflict of border. Located between the Ottoman Empire and the Persian Empire, Kurdistan was one of the great military reserves, an economic source and a buffer zone which ensured the frontier safety of the two belligerents. With the emergence of the Shiite Safavide block opposed to the traditional Sunnite Ottoman block, beliefs were used as a pretext for a permanent war which did not cease since the battle of Tchaldêran in 1514 until the signature of the Erzeroum second treaty in 1847. This last treaty marked, at least officially, the end of the "game" of the Kurdish tribes between the two borders, and this enabled Constantinople to put an end to all the small Kurdish local statutes. After First World War, the Kurdish matter left the speculative field of the press and entered the ground of the diplomatic "game". The treaty of Sèvres decided to create a small Kurdish State, but Mustafa Kemal succeeded in tearing this treaty. Then, once the Turco-Iraqi in 1926 and the Turco-Persian in 1932 border lines were drawn, Kurdistan became a colony divided between four neighbouring countries
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Yahya, Kidir Shawnm. "Le rôle des intellectuels dans les transformations politiques et sociales après l'apparition de l'opposition en 2009 au Kurdistan irakien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H203/document.
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Ce travail, mis à part l'introduction et la conclusion, est composé de deux parties, ainsi que de trois annexes et une bibliographie. Dans la première partie, nous parlons du Cadre théorique et de contextualisation philo-sociohistorique. Pour cela, ici nous donnons la définition de concepts comme "l'intellectuel" et le "rôle", car il est important de faire une description de ces concepts avant de les aborder dans le coeur de notre sujet et d'étudier leur place dans la société kurde. Ensuite, nous parlons de la situation des intellectuels et de leur influence dans la société kurde. Comme tous les intellectuels n'ont pas les mêmes attitudes selon leur appartenance sociale ou idéologique, nous avons préféré les différencier selon différents types en les mettant dans les différentes catégories, cela nous permet de mieux comprendre leur influence dans la transformation sociopolitique de la société kurde. Première catégorie : le rôle des intellectuels après les deux grandes guerres mondiales (la Première et la Seconde guerres mondiales), dans la deuxième, nous voyons le rôle des intellectuels dans les années soixante. Pour la troisième catégorie : la période de migration des intellectuels kurdes vers l'exil. Quatrième catégorie : la crise et les intellectuels. Cinquième catégorie : les intellectuels kurdes dans une nouvelle situationIn the Kurdish society, the role of Kurdish intellectuals regarding political and social transformations is crucial. According to the history of the Kurdish society, its nature on its composition, Kurdish intellectuals have their own particularities. Therefore they are to be distinguished from other intellectuals. Somehow, Kurdish intellectuals have always took part to the liberation of Kurdistan. The main part of the work was dedicated to the cultural climate existing in th Kurdish society. Which are the cultural organizations and their role in a Muslim society? How do they work? Which place take media organs, education and higher education in Kurdistan? Do they have any influence on intellectuals? Do unions and juridical bodies have a real function in Kurdistan? Many secondary sources as newspapers, review and survey, specialized or non-specialized journals depending upon the importance of delivered information were used, as well as many websites. Besides, some TV shows were viewed (political meeting and debates with intellectuals). A fieldwork in Kurdistan was undertaken to carry out this work, mainly in the cites of Suleimany and Erbil. For security reasons, the city ok Kirkuk was ruled out. Some temporal constrains did not allow any meeting with intellectuals from Dehuk. Thence, the work is focusing on two cities only. However intellectuals from each categories mentioned above were interviewed
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Çelik, Adnan. "Temps et espaces de la violence interne : revisiter les conflits kurdes en Turquie à l’échelle locale (du XIXe siècle à la guerre des années 1990)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH112.
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La présente thèse a pour objet les conflits intra-kurdes à travers le double prisme de l’échelle locale et de la longue durée. Elle part d’une interrogation sur la guerre entre le PKK et l’État turc durant laquelle certains habitants ont choisi de s’engager aux côtés de la guérilla, d’autres de collaborer avec l’État en devenant korucu, d’autres encore, très minoritaires, de s’engager dans l’organisation islamiste Hizbullah. Par l’étude comparatiste des localités de Lice, Kulp et Silvan (au nord-est de Diyarbakır) des années 1830 aux années 1990, elle vise à apporter un éclairage détaillé, situé, et ancré localement des phénomènes de déstructuration et restructuration qui ont affecté les Kurdes de Turquie. Son approche se situe à la croisée de l’histoire et de l’anthropologie, combinant l’étude des sources écrites et l’enquête ethnographique, notamment à travers la réalisation d’une centaine d’entretiens, effectués entre 2013 et 2017 principalement dans les villages et chefs-lieux des trois terrains étudiés. L’axe principal de la recherche vise à exposer comment les clivages et conflits intra-kurdes ont été influencés et déterminés à partir d’une série de facteurs (dynamiques locales, appartenances tribales, recompositions internes à certaines familles, effets de socialisation et de politisation etc.). Les nœuds et interactions entre les dynamiques conflictuelles internes aux sociétés kurdes et la manière dont les politiques du pouvoir central entrent en jeu dans ces configurations sont un des axes de réflexion privilégiés. La perspective mobilisée s’appuie largement sur les sources orales et s’efforce de produire une histoire commune ou connectée se démarquant des historiographies kurdo-centrées et/ou « sunno-centrées », en incluant les diverses communautés ethniques ou religieuses habitant ou ayant habité la région. Elle accorde une attention particulière aux histoires et mémoires « mineures », aux formes de résistance discrètes, ainsi qu’au au rôle de la construction et de la transmission de la mémoire dans la persistance ou dans la reconfiguration des conflictualités internes. Les résultats de cette recherche, attentifs aux phénomènes de temporalité et de subjectivité, permettent de mettre en lumière la variété des facteurs d’engagement et des loyautés impliquées dans les situations de violence opposant différents acteurs kurdes entre euxThis dissertation explores the internal conflicts in Kurdish society from local context and long term perspectives. It departs from an interrogation on the war between the PKK and the Turkish state, during which some residents took sides with the guerillas, others chose to collaborate with the state by becoming korucu, yet a small portion of others got involved in the Islamist organisation Hizbullah. Through a comparative examination of the three localities Lice, Kulp and Silvan (in the north-east of Diyarbakir) from 1830s to 1990s, the present research aims at providing a detailed, situated, and locally anchored account of the phenomena of destructuration and restructuration that have affected the Kurds of Turkey. The approach adopted in the study is at the intersection of history and anthropology, combining the examination of the written sources and ethnographic survey, particularly through a series of interviews realised between 2013 and 2017 in the villages and main localities of the field of this study. The principal dimension of the research tries to clarify how the intra-Kurdish cleavages and conflicts were influenced and determined by a series of factors (local dynamics, tribal affiliation, internal recomposition in some families, the impact of socialisation and politicisation, etc.). Of great importance in the study are the interactions between the conflicting dynamics internal to Kurdish societies and the manner in which the politics of the central power step in to influence these configurations. The perspective adopted in the study relies largely on oral sources and tries to produce a shared or connected history, thus detaching itself from Kurdish-centred and/or “sunnite-centred” historiographies, by including diverse ethnic and religious communities living or having lived in the region. Special attention is devoted to “minor” histories and memories, in the form of secret resistance, as well as to the role of constructing and transmitting the memory in the persistence or reconfiguration of internal conflicts. The results of this research, sensitive to the phenomena related to temporality and subjectivity, help to clearly see the variety of factors in the involvement and loyalties that are influential in situations of violence with different Kurdish actors opposing each other
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Mardukh, Abdollah. "Contribution à l'étude de l'Histoire des Kurdes sous la dynastie Ardalan du XVIe siècle au XIXe siècle." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA030015.
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Ahmadomar, Mohsen. "Les voyageurs français au Kurdistan XVIIe, XVIIIe et XIXe siècles." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030107.
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Le recit de voyage est le produit de la sensibilite et des preoccupations de l'homme et de la civilisation a laquelle il appartient. Au depart, l'objectif du voyage vers l'orient etait la terre saint, puis le pays des mongols, decouvert par marco polo qui a donne le premier recit de voyage occidental classique. Avec la renaissance et durant les siecles suivants, par ces evolutions materielles et socio-politiques, l'europe et surtout la france va connaitre un vrai age d'or de voyages. Des la fin du seizieme siecle jusqu'a la fin du dix-neuvieme siecle, periode ou le voyage vers l'orient perd sa vivacite, le kurdistan, etant une partie essentielle de l7asie occidentale, est parcouru par nombreux voyageurs. Sur cette longue periode, nous possedons un corpus riche et divers, presque trente-deux recits de voyages. Le kurdistan, la societe et l'homme kurde vus et decrits de facons differentes : l'aspect des villes et de villages, l'organisation socio-politique, les principautes kurdes et les evenements des annees trente et quarante du dix-neuvieme siecle, les impots, les produits et le commerce, le portrait physique et psychologique de l'homme et de la femme kurde, leur costume, leur coutume, leur religion etc. Les voyageurs francais qui ont parcouru le kurdistan sont : sieur cesar lambert, sr. Poullet, philipe avril, la boullaye-le-gouz, tavernier, thevenot, tournefort, otter, volney, et olivier pour le dix-septieme et le dix-huitieme siecles. Mais le dix-neuvieme siecle possede des recits de voyages beaucoup plus riches realises par des voyageurs tels jaubert, tancoigne, ange de gardanne, dupre, drouville, fontanier, texier, aucher-eloy, hommaire de hel, jules laurens, israel benjamin, lyklama a nijeholt, comte de cholet, binder et mme chantreThe travel's acount is the production of the sensibility and the preoccupation of man and his civilisation. At the begining, the aim of travelling towards orient was the holly-land and the country of mongols discoverd by marco polo who gave the first classical western travel's account. With the renaissance and during the following centuries, by their material and socio-political evolution. Europ, particularly france, knew a true age of travelling (golden age). Since the end of sixteenth century to the end of nineteenth century, period when travelling to orient lost its vivacity, kurdistan, being the essentiel party of asia-minor, had been visited by a big number of travellers. During this long period, we have a rich and divers corpus, around thirty two travel's account. Kurdistan, the kurdish man and society had been seen and descripted in different manners : aspect of towns and villages, socio-political organization, the principauty and the political events of nineteenth century, tax, product and commerce, physical and psychological protrait of kurdish man and women, their costumes, their customs, their religion etc. The french travelle's who had visited kurdistan in seventeenth and nineteenth century are : sieur cesar lambert, sr. Poullet, philipe avril, volney, etc. But, the nineteenth century possess the travelle's account were rich realised by travellers like : jaubert, texier, drouville, binder, mers. Chantre, etc
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Güngörmez, Hasan. "Perspectives historiques et économiques de la Turquie face à la région du Kurdistan irakien." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG011.
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Depuis 2003, la nouvelle donne politique au Kurdistan irakien a engendré des évolutions sans précédent au niveau régional. L’autonomie grandissante du Kurdistan irakien a fait émerger, dans un Moyen-Orient toujours aussi instable, de nouvelles dynamiques et enjeux géopolitiques. Les pays de la région, et en particulier la Turquie, attachent une grande importance aux relations bilatérales qu’ils entretiennent avec cet Etat embryonnaire. Suite à l'intervention militaire de la coalition américano-britannique en Irak, l'Etat turc a dû redéfinir sa politique étrangère dans la région du Moyen-Orient. Afin de contribuer à l'élaboration d'une analyse critique, nous développerons notre réflexion en deux grands axes. Dans un premier temps, nous analyserons avec une approche historique, les relations bilatérales entre la Turquie et le Kurdistan irakien, afin que nous puissions resituer au mieux les évolutions qui sont en train de se produire actuellement dans la région. Puis, dans un second temps, nous veillerons à apporter une réflexion approfondie sur la question des échanges économiques entre ces deux parties. Nous examinerons les investissements des entreprises turques qui sont faits dans le marché kurde, pour que nous puissions évaluer concrètement le potentiel économique de celles-ci au niveau régional. Dans notre étude, l'analyse de la dimension historique et celle de l'approche économique, nous permettront de mieux comprendre les évolutions et les enjeux qui émanent de cette régionSince 2003, the new political situation in Iraqi Kurdistan has led to unprecedented developments at the regional level. The growing autonomy of Iraqi Kurdistan has given birth to new dynamics and geopolitical issues in a currently unstable Middle East. The countries of the region, particularly Turkey, attach great importance to bilateral relations with this embryonic state. Following the military intervention led by the coalition of USA and Great Britain in Iraq, the Turkish state has had to redefine its foreign policy in the Middle East. In order to contribute to the development of critical analysis, we develop our thesis in two main areas. Firstly, in order to better situate the developments currently taking place in the region, we analyze the bilateral relations between Turkey and Iraqi Kurdistan with a historical approach. Secondly, we deal with in detail the question of economic exchanges between the two parties. In order to evaluate effectively the economic potential of Turkish companies at the regional level, we will analyze their investments in the Kurdish market. In our study, the analysis of the historical dimension and the economic approach will allow us to better understand the changes and challenges in the region
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James, Boris. "Les Kurdes dans l’Orient mamelouk et mongol de 1250 à 1340 : entre marginalisation et autonomie." Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100027.
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À travers l’étude de nombreuses sources textuelles arabes et persanes de la période mamelouke, la présente thèse a pour but de traiter l’ensemble des implications relatives au déclin politique et militaire des Kurdes au sein du sultanat d’Égypte et de Syrie à partir des années 1250. Nous y étudions les multiples facteurs de la construction d’un territoire des Kurdes entre les franges occidentales du Zagros et l’Anatolie de l’est. En ancrant leur histoire dans les montagnes zagrossiennes, lieu refuge de ces groupes belliqueux, les tribus entérinent cette construction. Les grands États du Moyen-Orient sont également des contributeurs essentiels des transformations spatiales, notamment par le pouvoir qu’ils sont de nommer les lieux. Les tribus kurdes implantées dans le Pays kurde sous influence mongole se trouvaient dans une situation intermédiaire du point de vue géographique, social et politique leur permettant de capter un certain nombre de ressources. Dans le détail de cette description ethnographique du territoire des Kurdes se logent les modes de captation des ressources et la production par ces acteurs d’un ordre intratribal et intertribal, matrice de leur autonomie. L’étude du rapport des groupes kurdes aux deux Empires de la région, les Mamelouks et les Ilkhanides mongols, révèlent le déclin politiques des Kurdes en Syrie et en Égypte et la réinstallation de pouvoirs kurdes autonomes en Haute Mésopotamie. Les autorités mameloukes marginalisent les émirs kurdes et tentent d’utiliser les forces kurdes contre les Ilkhanides. Ces derniers tentent dans un premier temps de les réduire, puis les intègrent peu à peu à leur appareil militaire pour le contrôle du territoire. La convergence de ces politiques étatiques contradictoires s’impose comme le facteur essentiel d’une autochtonisation des KurdesThrough the study of many arabic and persian sources of the Mamlûk period, this doctorate seeks to take into account all the implications of the political and military decline of the Kurds within the Egypt’s and Syria’s Sultanate from 1250. The multiple factors of constructing the territory of the Kurds that stretches from the Zagros western fringes to eastern Anatolia, will be studied. In asserting their history in the heart of the Zagros mountains, shelter of these rebel groups, the tribes endorsed this territorial construction. The great States of the Middle East also highly contributed in this spatial transformation, by naming places for instance. The tribes established in the Kurdish land under mongol influence occupied an intermediary position, from the geographic, social and political viewpoint. This allowed them to capture a certain amount of resources. Describing the ethnographic situation of the Kurdish territory helps studying the capture of these resources and the production by the actors of a intra-tribal and inter-tribal order at the core these groups autonomy. The study of the relationship between the Kurdish groups and the Great Empires of the time, Mamlûks and Ilkhanids, reveals the political decline of the Kurds in Egypt and Syria as well as the reinstitution of Kurdish powers in High Mesopotamia. The Mamlûks sought to protect the core institutions of the state from the threat of a Kurdish-Ayyūbid restoration, in marginalising the Kurdish amirs. Nevertheless, faced with the overawing power of the Mongol warmachine and in order to offset their military inferiority outside Egypt and Syria, they adopted a relatively novel set of favourable strategies towards the Kurdish tiny powers in the highlands of western Asia. On the other hand, the Ilkhanids try at first to annihilate the Kurdish presence but soon commence to integrate Kurdish tribes within their military apparatus in order to control the territory. The convergence of these contradictory state policies resulted in the autochtonisation of the Kurds
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Ozgoli-Membrado, Mojane. ""Forqân al-Akhbâr" de : Ḥâjj Ne'matollâh Jeyḥûnâbâdi (1871-1920) : écrit doctrinal Ahl-e Ḥaqq, édition critique, étude et commentaire." Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE5016.
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Cette thèse consiste en l’édition du texte de Forqân al-Akhbâr (FA), un écrit doctrinal de Ḥâjj Ne′matollâh Jeyḥûnâbâdi (1871-1920). Elle est présentée en deux tomes. Le premier tome (276 p) est une introduction à l’édition. Le second tome (395 p) contient le texte édité de FA. Ḥâjj Ne′matollâh (HN) étant une figure importante de l’ordre Ahl-e Ḥaqq (AH), la première partie de la thèse tente de situer les AH dans le contexte religieux du Kurdistan. Elle donne un aperçu sur l’importance des croyances populaires et les traditions orales ainsi que sur les frontières fluctuantes entre la religion populaire, une certaine hétérodoxie, et un certain soufisme. Le cas de plusieurs groupes dits « hétérodoxes » et quelques ordres mystiques y sont décrits. La seconde partie est dédiée à l’analyse des études AH effectuées en Occident de 1859 à nos jours. Elle contient un premier recensement des textes AH publiés en Occident. La troisième partie de l’étude est consacrée à Hâjj Ne’matollâh : sa vie, les caractéristiques de son parcours spirituel, son œuvre. Un premier recensement complet de ses œuvres y est présenté. La quatrième partie examine le contenu de FA. Elle met en exergue quelques thèmes abordés. La cinquième partie du tome I commente la méthode de l’édition critique. Elle contient l’étude codicologique et la présentation détaillée des deux manuscrits comparés, de l’appart des sources et de l’apparat critique. Les règles de la modernisation du texte y sont expliquées en détail. Le tome I s’achève par un lexique des termes techniques AH et une bibliographie. Le tome II de cette thèse contient le texte édité de Forqân al-AkhbârThis thesis consists of the edition of the text of Forqân al-Akhbâr (FA), a doctrinal writing of Ḥâjj Ne′matollâh Jeyḥûnâbâdi (1871-1920), presented in two volumes. The first volume (276 p) is an introduction to the edition; the second volume (395 p) is comprised of the edited text of FA. Considering the prominence of Ḥâjj Ne′matollâh within the Ahl-e Ḥaqq (AH) order, the first part of the thesis seeks to situate the AH order within the religious context of Kurdistan, outlining the importance of popular beliefs and oral traditions as well as the vacillating borders between the popular religion, a certain heterodoxy, and a form of Sufism. Case studies of several groups known as “hétérodoxes” and some mystical orders are also described in this section. The second part focuses on the analysis of AH studies carried out in the Occident from 1859 to the present. It contains the first inventory of AH texts published in the Occident. The third part of the study is devoted to Hâjj Ne'matollâh: his life, characteristics of his spiritual system, and his work. For the first time, a complete inventory of his writings is presented in this section. The fourth part examines the contents of FA, addressing in-depth certain topics raised in the text. The fifth part of volume I comments on the critical edition method. It contains the codicologic study and a detailed presentation of the two manuscripts, as well as the apparatus of the sources and the critical apparatus. The rules of the modernization of the text are explained in detail. Volume I concludes with a technical lexicon of AH terms and a bibliography. Volume II of this thesis contains the published text of Forqân al-Akhbâr
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Farhang, M. Muhamad. "Kurdish literature and literary culture in Iranian Kurdistan 1946-1979." Praca doktorska, 2010. http://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/41545.
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Hakim, Sarko Hussen Hakim. "History matching sensitivity investigations and forecasting for low matrix porosity, permeability and highly fractured carbonate reservoir to optimize oil production in Kurdistan Region." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32531.
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Increasing of the oil recovery is an essential task of the reservoir engineers. Many highly fractured carbonate reservoirs with low matrix porosity and low matrix permeability in the world have been depleted with low ultimate recovery due to the improper management. To obtain higher oil recovery and an optimum oil production, a three dimensional geological model for the reservoir is needed. The reservoir model should be calibrated via the history matching process which makes the model reliable for forecasting and development planning. An investigation has been carried out to find the most sensitive parameter which affects the matching between the real production data and the simulated production data. After the calibration of the model, some prediction scenarios have been run to realize the future performance of the reservoir. Three wells have been suggested and included in the simulation as producers in some prediction cases and as gas injectors in another other case. The results show that the three producers with low production rate will assist in increasing the recovery and by converting those to gas injectors will assist more especially when the oil production rate is higher. An oil field in Kurdistan region has been selected for this research.
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Karakus, Suna. "L'analyse du problème kurde en Turquie : le rôle du PKK dans la renaissance de la question kurde." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2837/1/M11340.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif de notre étude est d'analyser le rôle prééminent du Parti des travailleurs du Kurdistan (PKK) pour l'avancement de la cause kurde. Ce mouvement politique a été mis en place par des Kurdes vivant en Turquie, et dont le leader n'est autre qu'Abdullah Öcalan, il nous apparaît central de limiter notre travail à la partie kurde de la Turquie. Mentionnons aussi que la question kurde est l'un des obstacles les plus sérieux auxquels fait face la Turquie, pour son développement démocratique et économique et bien sûr pour son entrée dans l'Union Européenne. Afin de mieux comprendre la question kurde et surtout le rôle joué par le PKK pour la reconnaissance de celle-ci qui prend racine dans le Kurdistan du nord, il est essentiel de présenter les origines du peuple kurde. Dans cette partie que nous jugeons incontournable pour la compréhension de notre sujet, nous allons également aborder d'autres éléments tels: le cadre géographique, la langue, les croyances, les relations du peuple kurde avec l'Empire Ottoman durant la Première Guerre mondiale et durant les années 1920 ainsi que les causes de sa partition entre quatre États résultant du partage de l'Empire Ottoman par la Société des Nations (SDN) suite au Traité de Lausanne de 1923. Quant à la deuxième partie de notre recherche, elle porte essentiellement sur le rôle du PKK dans la reconnaissance du problème kurde. Entres autres, nous examinerons d'une part, l'origine du PKK, son idéologie et le rôle joué par le leader Öcalan, d'autre part nous nous interrogerons sur l'impact de ce mouvement politique dans la revendication de l'indépendance du Kurdistan ainsi que sur les conséquences positives ou négatives de sa lutte armée. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Kurdistan, Turquie, PKK, État, Indépendance, Conflit, Revendication, Traité, Nationalisme.
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O'CONNOR, Francis Patrick. "Armed social movements and insurgency : the PKK and its communities of support." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/34582.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 18 November 2014Examining Board: Professor Donatella della Porta, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Olivier Roy, European University Institute; Professor Joost Jongerden, Wageningen University; Professor Jocelyn Viterna, Harvard University.
The supportive environments which sustain armed groups are arguably an understudied aspect of political violence; it is widely acknowledged that all armed groups necessitate a degree of popular support if they are to be successful but the relationship between armed movements and their supporters is often underdeveloped or considered self-explanatory. This project puts forth the argument that the relationship between armed groups and their supporters is of fundamental importance to how and where armed groups mobilise and the repertoire of contention they adopt. Making use of Malthaner's concept of "constituency" (2011a), the PKK's armed struggle from its foundation in the 1970s until 1999 will be analysed. The particular manner in which the PKK actively constructed and maintained extensive support networks across contrasting socio-spatial contexts ensured its ongoing legitimacy and the material resources necessary for its survival. Although a noted power disparity exists between armed and unarmed actors, the relationship between them is always characterised by degrees of reciprocal influence; influence that is often expressed in a variety of subtle and contextually specific fashions. The project will therefore examine the dialectic between the PKK and its communities of support and how this has evolved over time and space from rural Kurdistan to the urban centres of western Turkey, and consider how it has impacted on the nature of violence deployed by the PKK in the course of its insurgency.