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Journal articles on the topic 'Kurds – Iran – History'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Ali, Othman. "A Modern History of the Kurds, 3d rev. ed." American Journal of Islam and Society 23, no. 1 (2006): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v23i1.1642.

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This extensive survey of the Kurds’ history is divided into five sections:“The Kurds in the Age of Tribe and Empire,” “Incorporating the Kurds,”“Ethno-nationalism in Iran,” “Ethno-nationalism in Iraq,” and “Ethnonationalismin Turkey.” An introduction on Kurdish identity and social formation, as well as four appendices discussing the Treaty of Sèvres and theKurds of Syria, Lebanon, and Caucasia, are also included. David McDowall,a noted British specialist on Middle Eastern minority affairs and anacknowledged expert on Kurdish studies, has extensively revised the 1996second edition of his book.
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2

Mansur Qaetuly, Salahaddin Anwer. "Historial Gography Of The Kurds In The Nighboring." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 4 (2020): 432–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(4).paper21.

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This research is entitled (historical geography of the presence of the Kurds in the neighboring regions), a study in the geo-political research scientifically concerned with the presence of Kurds in the neighboring countries i.e this research does not study the presence of the Kurds in in Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Iran just in (Khorasan region) because now they are includes the land of Kurdistan. The Kurds history of immigration to outside of their lands are related to many factors including the geographical location and the similarity of geographical elements, which can be considered the main caus
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3

Gresh, Geoffrey. "Iranian Kurds in an Age of Globalisation." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 1 (2009): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/160984909x12476379008241.

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AbstractSince 2003 and the establishment of Iraq's Kurdish Regional Government, Iran has witnessed a rise in ethnonationalist activity among its Kurdish population. Much of the motivation for this activity stems from the political success of the Kurds in Iraq. The spread of Iranian Kurdish nationalism has also been influenced by globalisation forces, such as global communications technologies, transnational networks, and increased mobility across borders. In this age of globalisation, the Iranian government's ability to rule over the Kurds will continue to erode, unless it caters toward Kurdis
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4

Schäfers, Marlene. "Editorial." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i2.523.

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Now running in its seventh year, Kurdish Studies has established itself as the leading venue for the publication of innovative, cutting-edge research on Kurdish history, politics, culture and society. According to Scopus scores, our journal is now positioned among the top publications within the History category of the Arts and Humanities, ranking 170 out of 1138 (84th percentile). In Cultural Studies, we stand at rank 193 out of 890 (78th percentile). This year’s second issue of Kurdish Studies brings to you yet another collection of thought-provoking pieces of original scholarship. Gerald Ma
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5

Ali Madih, &# Abbas-&#. "The Kurds of Khorasan." Iran and the Caucasus 11, no. 1 (2007): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338407x224879.

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AbstractThe article is a demographic survey on the Kurds in Greater Khorasan including presently three separate provinces within the territorial-administrative system of Iran. The research is mainly based on the field materials; the author had identified most of the Kurdish populated localities in situ, though the data obtained from the local municipalities were also taken into consideration. The paper includes a comprehensive list of all the villages and rural centres of Greater Khorasan with compact and mixed Kurdish population, according to the minor administrative divisions, šahrestāns, i.
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Yusefvand, Reza. "Some Laki Demons." Iran and the Caucasus 12, no. 2 (2008): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338408x406047.

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AbstractThe Laks are a West Iranian ethnic group linguistically closely related to the Lurs and the Kurds. They mainly inhabit the provinces of Luristan, Kirmanshah, Ilam, and Hamadan in the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as Kirkuk and Khanaqin in Iraq. The paper presents some imaginary figures from the folk beliefs of the Laks, recorded by the author within the framework of a larger project on the ethnography and folklore of the Laks.
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7

Kozhukhar, B. "THE CONFLICT AMONG KURDS IN THE KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 142 (2019): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.142.3.

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Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group that compactly resides in a large geographical area, at the junction of Asia Minor, the Caucasus, the Iranian Highlands, and Mesopotamia, called Kurdistan. Currently, the region is divided between four states - Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. Ethnic Kurdistan has been constantly in a state of instability since the 20th century. Because of this, the Kurdish issue is one of the most pressing problems in recent history and is at the forefront of the political life of the Middle East region. Kurds are the most numerous people who, at the present stage of human devel
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8

Shaffer, Brenda. "The Formation of Azerbaijani Collective Identity in Iran." Nationalities Papers 28, no. 3 (2000): 449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713687484.

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Iran is a multi-ethnic society in which approximately 50% of its citizens are of non-Persian origin, yet researchers commonly use the terms Persians and Iranians interchangeably, neglecting the supra-ethnic meaning of the term Iranian for many of the non-Persians in Iran. The largest minority ethnic group in Iran is the Azerbaijanis (comprising approximately a third of the population) and other major groups include the Kurds, Arabs, Baluchis and Turkmen. Iran's ethnic groups are particularly susceptible to external manipulation and considerably subject to influence from events taking place out
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9

Cabi, Marouf Cabi. "The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan and Its Revision of Kurdish History." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 6, no. 3 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/218.

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This article analysis Ali Ezzatyar’s The Last Mufti of Iranian Kurdistan, which aims to prove how the Kurds’ supposed indisposition towards political Islam qualifies them to be the natural allies of the West and the Western powers. Supported by the two theses of shared social values and shared rivalries between the Kurds and the West, and centred around its main protagonist Ahmad Muftizadeh’s supposedly alternative form of political Islam, the book is based on two premises: a declining relationship throughout the twentieth century between Kurdish identity and Islamism, and the inconsequential
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10

Foltz, Richard. "The “Original” Kurdish Religion? Kurdish Nationalism and the False Conflation of the Yezidi and Zoroastrian Traditions." Journal of Persianate Studies 10, no. 1 (2017): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341309.

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The religion of the Yezidi Kurds, which has often been inaccurately characterized as “devil-worship,” has been claimed by Kurdish nationalists since the 1930s as the “original” religion of the Kurdish people. It has likewise been asserted that the Yezidi faith is a form of Zoroastrianism, the official religion of Iran in pre-Islamic times. These notions have won official support from most Kurdish political organizations and have broadly penetrated Kurdish society. The identification of Yezidism with Zoroastrianism is historically inaccurate, however, and should be seen as a product of modern n
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11

Al - Jadri, M. M. Kafi Salman Murad. "Kurds Parties and Associations In Iraq 1921-1947/ Historical – Political Study." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 221, no. 2 (2017): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v221i2.452.

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The Value of this Research comes from the importance of the Historical and political information of the parties and associations that embodied the struggle of Kurdish People in South Kurdistan (Iraq), In the Two phases Mandate and Independence.
 This Research has been divided into two sections , The First section included the most important Kurdish Associations that have appeared in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the first stage of mandate which were founded by number of educated young people from the Aristocracy Kurdish and joined them some of students and public servant, Such as Ta'ali Kur
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12

Ter-Oganov, Nugzar. "Rapport du capitaine en second Constantin Smirnov sur son voyage en Turquie en 1904." Iran and the Caucasus 10, no. 2 (2006): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338406780345970.

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AbstractThe article includes the Report (with Introduction, French translation and commentaries) of Junior Captain Constantine Nicolaevich Smirnov, a Russian secret officer, about his trip (in company with Colonel Vladimir Platonovich Liakhov, an ominous figure in the history of the Constitutional Revolution of Iran) to Turkey in 1904. The Report is being kept at present in the Archives of the Institute of Manuscripts of the Georgian Academy of Science in Tbilisi.This document, never published before, has a considerable historical importance as a valuable source illuminating several issues of
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13

Atmaca, Metin, Joost Jongerden, Sabri Ateş, Francis O’Connor, and Marouf Cabi. "Book Reviews." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 1 (2019): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i1.482.

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Sebastian Maisel, ed., The Kurds: an Encyclopedia of Life, Culture, and Society, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 2018, 376 pp., (978-1-4408-4256-6).Murat Yeşiltaş and Tuncay Kardaş, eds., Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East: Geopolitics, Ideology, Strategy. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, 278 pp., (ISBN: 978-3-319-55287-3). Barbara Henning, Narratives of the History of the Ottoman-Kurdish Bedirhani Family in Imperial and Post-Imperial Contexts: Continuities and Changes. Bamberg: University of Bamberg Press, 2018, 756 pp., (ISBN: 9783863095512).Gareth Stansfield and Mohammed Shareef, eds, Th
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14

Logan, Darren. "Thoughts on Iraqi Kurdistan: Present Realities, Future Hope." Iran and the Caucasus 13, no. 1 (2009): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/160984909x12476379008205.

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AbstractThe collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime in April 2003 ushered Iraq into an era of unprecedented opportunity. The Kurds of Northern Iraq were given an opportunity to control their destiny in such a way not before encountered in their turbulent history. However, this moment has not been free of significant concern. Against the witness of history one can reasonably inquire as to whether or not the dominant Kurdish majority in Northern Iraq is able to seize this opportunity and make the most of it. Will they be able to break the historic cycle of internal dissension and unite to ensure the
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15

WATTS, NICOLE F. "DENISE NATALI, The Kurds and the State: Evolving National Identity in Iraq, Turkey, and Iran (Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2005). Pp. 268. $29.95 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 39, no. 3 (2007): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807070602.

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16

Purat, Andrzej, and Paweł Bielicki. "Stosunki rosyjsko-irańskie w latach 2011–2019. Pragmatyczny sojusz czy trwałe partnerstwo?" Studia Polityczne 48, no. 1 (2020): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/stp.2020.48.1.02.

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The main goal of our considerations is to analyse the most important conditions and dependencies that characterise Russian-Iranian relations from the beginning of the Arab Spring to the present day. We pay special attention to the infl uence of the United States on the development of diplomatic contacts between Moscow and Tehran and the conflict in Syria.Firstly, we describe the history of relations between the two countries after 1979 and the takeover of power by the religious leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, who, despite adopting an anti-Western course in international politics, did not show a de
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17

O’Leary, Brendan. "The Kurds, the Four Wolves, and the Great PowersThe Kurds of Syria. By Harriet Allsopp. London: Tauris, 2015.The Kurds of Iraq: Nationalism and Identity in Iraqi Kurdistan. By Mahir A. Aziz. 2nd ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.Out of Nowhere: The Kurds of Syria in Peace and War. By Michael M. Gunter. London: Hurst, 2014.The Kurds: A Modern History. By Michael M. Gunter. Princeton, NJ: Wiener, 2016.Alien Rule. By Michael Hechter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.Political Violence and Kurds in Turkey. By Mehmet Orhan. London: Routledge, 2015.Kurds and the State in Iran: The Making of Kurdish Identity. By Abbas Vali. London: Tauris, 2014." Journal of Politics 80, no. 1 (2018): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/695343.

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18

Newsinger, John. "Wars Past and Wars to Come." Monthly Review 67, no. 6 (2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-06-2015-10_3.

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With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, elements within the U.S. ruling class came to believe that their country was militarily invincible. Indeed, they believed this newfound military superiority over any potential rival was something new in human history. So great was its technological advantage, the United States could destroy its enemies with complete impunity. A long-heralded Revolution in Military Affairs was taking place, enabling the United States to reshape the world. New smart technologies would disperse the "fog of war," making it possible for the United S
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19

Rafaat, Aram. "The shaky foundations of the 1926 annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq." Kurdish Studies 6, no. 2 (2018): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v6i2.457.

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Between 1921 and 1925, the Kurds of Southern Kurdistan participated in three main political ‎processes in Iraq. These processes were the election of Faisal Ibn Hussein as the King of Iraq ‎in 1921, the election of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly in 1924, and the Mosul Province ‎referendum organised by the League of Nations in 1925. The British used the Kurds’ ‎participation as a foundation for the annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq. However, this ‎article argues that these three processes cannot be considered as legitimate foundations as the ‎majority of Kurds voted against these processe
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20

Hassaniyan, Allan. "Crossborder Kurdish Solidarity: An Endangered Aspect of Kurdishness." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i2.484.

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Cross-border kinship has been a particular hallmark of Kurdish identity and an important source of solidarity between Kurds of different regions within Kurdistan. However, this article argues that the values of cross-border Kurdish solidarity have been violated in the past, due to the collaboration of elements of the Kurdish movement with the Turkish, Iranian, Iraqi and Syrian states. Misconducted cross-border interaction has led to movement fragmentation, decline or/and termination, and to internecine violence between different sections of the Kurdish movement. This paper, reflecting on the i
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21

Ghobadi, Kaveh. "Kurdish fiction: From writing as resistance to aestheticised commitment." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 1 (2019): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i1.508.

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The establishment of modern Iran in 1925 accelerated a centralisation policy, which resulted in the oppression of Iran’s national and cultural diversity. Under such unfavourable conditions, Kurdish fiction had a stuttering start with only three works since the publication of the first Kurdish novel in 1961 up until 1991, when the number of Kurdish fictional works produced in Iran began to increase steadily. This article addresses the question of commitment and aesthetics in Kurdish prose fiction by examining a short story collection and three novels published between 1961 and 2002. Whereas the
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22

Dick, Samme. "Rekindling the Flame: Zoroastrianism in Iraqi Kurdistan." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 2 (2019): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i2.511.

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This article examines the emergence of Zoroastrianism in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq since 2015 as a new religion inspired by Kurdish nationalism, feminism, ecologism and humanism. The author argues that the emergence of Zoroastrianism at this particular time is due to a combination of the rise of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant in 2014, legislative change and the importance some Kurdish nationalists historically attached to Zoroastrianism as the suggested original religion of the Kurds. The article outlines the historical context of Zoroastrianism in Kurdistan, and then explores the
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23

Rogg, Inga, and Hans Rimscha. "The Kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in Iraq." International Review of the Red Cross 89, no. 868 (2007): 823–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000143.

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AbstractAfter decades of fighting and suffering, the Kurds in Iraq have achieved far-reaching self-rule. Looking at the history of conflicts and alliances between the Kurds and their counterparts inside Iraq and beyond its borders, the authors find that the region faces an uncertain future because major issues like the future status of Kirkuk remain unsolved. A federal and democratic Iraq offers a rare opportunity for a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish question in Iraq – and for national reconciliation. While certain groups and currents in Iraq and the wider Arab world have to overcome the n
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FUKURAI, Hiroshi. "The Decoupling of the Nation and the State: Constitutionalizing Transnational Nationhood, Cross-Border Connectivity, Diaspora, and “National” Identity-Affiliation in Asia and Beyond." Asian Journal of Law and Society 7, no. 1 (2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2019.26.

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AbstractSince the first Asian Law and Society Conference (ALSA) was held at the National University of Singapore (NUS) in 2016, a number of special sessions have been organized to focus on the deconstruction of the Westphalian transnational order based on the concept of the “nation-state.”1 This dominant hegemony was predicated on the congruence of the geo-territorial boundaries of both the state and the nation, as well as the “assumed integration” of state-defined “citizenship” and another distinctly layered “membership” based on culture, ethnic, religious, and indigenous affiliations. The “n
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25

Shakali, Swara. "Iraqi Kurds as a political subject: history and modernity." Конфликтология / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2021.1.33651.

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This research is dedicated to examination of the relationship between the Kurdish Autonomous Region of Iraq and the central government in Baghdad. The article provides a brief overview of the history of acquisition of autonomy by the Kurds as an Iraqi region in the end of the XX century; as well as describes the ongoing contradictions from the perspective of law (the Constitution of Iraq of 2005). The novelty of this research is defined by the use of foreign sources. The theoretical framework for the case under review is the so-called “paradox of federalism”, which suggests
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كەریم, توانا ڕەشید. "ڕەنگدانەوەی نووسینەوەی مێژوویی لە گۆڤاری گەلاوێژدا". Journal of University of Raparin 6, № 2 (2019): 321–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(6).no(2).paper19.

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Reflection of Historical Writing in Galawezh Magazine
 
 The study aims at highlighting the importance of Galawezh magazine, which was issued during 1939-1949, in the process of historical writing, with its ten years of historical inventory in the fields of (Kurds and Kurdistan history, Second World War, the press history, developments and internal events in Iraq, etc).This magazine was characterized by an active presence in following up the historical material and political developments at a sensitive stage in the history of the Kurds, Iraq, and the world.
 Building on this, th
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27

Blau, Joyce. "Professor Mirella Galletti." Kurdish Studies 3, no. 1 (2015): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v3i1.394.

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Professor Mirella Galletti, a great friend of the Kurds, died in Rome on 4 September 2012. Mirella's work is of inestimable value to the field of Kurdish Studies and her publications cover not only the history, society and traditions of the Kurds, but also the Christian minorities of the Middle East, particularly those of Iraq and Kurdistan.
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Albert, Craig Douglas. "A History of Violence: Ethnic Group Identity and the Iraqi Kurds." IRAN and the CAUCASUS 17, no. 2 (2013): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20130206.

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One of the more interesting aspects of world concern during “Operation Iraqi Freedom” was how to incorporate Iraq’s Kurdish population into an American military strategy. Furthermore, as the war was winding down, and the United States and Iraq began to construct a new Iraqi state, government, and Constitutional regime, the focus shifted on what role would the Kurds play in the new government, or even if they should be included in a government. But for most policy-makers, it was unclear who were the Kurds. How were they different than the other ethnic and religious populations of Iraq and the r
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29

Işık, Ayhan, and Ugur Ümit Üngör. "Mass Violence and the Kurds: Introduction to the Special Issue." Kurdish Studies 9, no. 1 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i1.634.

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The Kurds’ experience with modern mass violence is long and complex. Whereas Kurds lived under the Kurdish Emirates for centuries in pre-national conditions in the Ottoman and Persian empires, the advent of nationalism and colonialism in the Middle East radically changed the situation. World War I was a watershed for most ethnic groups in the Ottoman Empire, such as the Kurds, and some political minorities such as Armenians and Assyrians suffered genocide – including at the hands of Kurds. Moreover, the post-Ottoman order precluded the Kurds from building a nation-state of their own. Kurds wer
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30

Bozarslan, Hamit. "The Kurds and Middle Eastern “State of Violence”: the 1980s and 2010s." Kurdish Studies 2, no. 1 (2014): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v2i1.376.

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Though a macro-level analysis this article examines the evolution of the Kurdish issue since the occupation of Iraq in 2003 and the Syrian crisis in 2011, underlining the necessity of a comparison between the current period and past situations, namely that of the 1980s. Kurdish actors participated from a rather weak position in the Middle-East wide conflicts during the 1980s; alliances with regional states that gave access to political and military resources ensured their durability, but a high price was paid for their transformation into subordinated players of a broader “state of violence”.
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31

O'reilly, Marc J. "Aviel Roshwald, Ethnic Nationalism & the Fall of Empires: Central Europe, Russia & the Middle East, 1914–1923. New York: Routledge, 2001, xii, 273 pp." Nationalities Papers 31, no. 2 (2003): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990307128.

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In early 2003, President George W. Bush touted the prospects for democratization in Iraq, as well as in adjacent countries of the Middle East, following a U. S.-led invasion. He neglected to explain, however, how a country home to Kurds, Arab Sunnis, and Arab Shi'a—groups that historically have not co-existed harmoniously—would adjust to new and imposed political arrangements. Both the Shi'a, who constitute a majority, and the Kurds seek to escape Sunni oppression, omnipresent since the creation of Iraq in the 1920s. Although democracy may end Sunni privilege, Washington's commitment to the te
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32

Ahmed, Kozad M. "How to Subdue a Minority? Historiography in Iraq under the Ba’th as a Political Means." europa ethnica 75, no. 1-2 (2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24989/0014-2492-2018-12-55.

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History has been for long misused as a means of warfare by totalitarian, despotic and chauvi­nist regimes to demoralize the minorities. The relations between the cohabitants under such regimes usually become vassaldom of minorities to the ruling groups. Such a relationship forms a threat to the existence of both the minorities on one hand, and of the structure of the state and its institutions on the other, as happened in Iraq under Ba’th. In this piece it will be explained that a future constructive coexistence of ancient cohabitants in the Middle East like Kurds and Arabs is still burdened b
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Harutyunian, Ashot, Armine Khudoyan, Laris Andonian, Ashot Margarian, and Levon Yepiskoposian. "Genetic Affinity between the Armenian Yezidis and the Iraqi Kurds." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 1 (2010): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419189306.

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AbstractThe Yezidi community in Armenia has been formed during last two-three centuries as a consequence of several waves of migration. Due to the esoteric character of the community, the Yezidis have been reproductively isolated from neighbouring populations for centuries, which has left significant traces in their genetic structure. Our results based on the analysis of patrilineal genetic lineages demonstrate that the long-term isolation of the Yezidis has resulted in notable reduction of male sex chromosome variability compared to other populations and significant difference from the Kurds
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34

Zeidel, Ronen. "The Iraqi Novel and the Kurds." Review of Middle East Studies 45, no. 1 (2011): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2151348100001865.

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This article is a part of an attempt to show how the Iraqi novel depicts the main sectarian and ethnic groups in Iraq. Concentrating on Iraqi novels in Arabic, written mainly by Arab writers, I will examine the attitude of intellectuals to the Kurds as well as the role accorded to Kurds in the narratives of contemporary Iraqi novels.Benedict Anderson was one of the first scholars to speak about the role of the novel in creating and spreading a national identity. This is done through a creation of an “imagined community” with shared notions of time and space. The Iraqi novel was and still is co
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35

Studies, Kurdish. "Book reviews." Kurdish Studies 4, no. 2 (2016): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v4i2.430.

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Twana Faris Bawa, The Privatisation of Security in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. University of Buckingham Press, 2014, 305 pp., (ISBN 978-1-908684-51-6).Marianna Charountaki, The Kurds and US Foreign Policy: International Relations in the Middle East since 1945, Routledge, London and New York, 2011, 320 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415-58753-2).Ramazan Aras, The Formation of Kurdishness in Turkey. Political Violence, Fear and Pain, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 2014. xii + 227 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415-82418-7).Senem Aslan, Nation-Building in Turkey and Morocco: Governing Kurdish and Berber Dissent, Cambridg
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36

Little, Douglas. "The United States and the Kurds: A Cold War Story." Journal of Cold War Studies 12, no. 4 (2010): 63–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_r_00048.

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In a prolonged quest for independence after 1945, Kurdish nationalists reportedly sought help from U.S. officials who viewed the Kurdish issue through a Cold War prism and who regarded the Kurds as querulous mountain tribes useful primarily in keeping the Soviet Union and its Arab clients off balance. Recently declassified documents shed new light on three key episodes in this story: first, the secret encouragement provided by Washington to Kurds opposed to Iraq's Abdul Karim Qassim, who tilted toward Moscow after seizing power in 1958; second, the covert action launched by Richard Nixon and H
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Jawad, Saad Naji. "The Kurdish question in Iraq: historical background and future settlement." Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, no. 1 (2008): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910701773119.

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This article explores the political history of the Kurdish question in Iraq. It starts by giving a short historical background to the issue, and moves on to explain Kurdish demands and past attempts to resolve the problem, both militarily and peacefully. It then gives an account of the idea of autonomy as understood by various Iraqi governments and Kurdish leaderships. The article also concentrates on the obstacles hindering and obstructing a lasting, peaceful solution to the problem. Finally, it offers the writer’s suggestions for bridging the gap between the Arabs and Kurds in Iraq in genera
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Zolfaqari, Ardashir. "The Avromani-speaking Area in Iran." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 2 (2010): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419190304.

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AbstractOne of the difficult tasks of linguistic geography is the clear delimitation of dialectal borders in a multi-dialectal and multi-lingual environment. Western Iran is exactly such a region, hosting a number of Iranian and non-Iranian dialects: Kurdish, Avromani, Gurani, Laki, Kalhori, Luri, Azari Turkish, etc. The demographic situation is rather complicated here as well: along with the localities that are inhabited by a single ethnic group, there are many townships and rural settlements having mixed populations of different ethnic and linguistic backgrounds. In addition, the indiscrimin
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Barrett, Roby C. "Bryan R. Gibson.Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War." American Historical Review 121, no. 1 (2016): 284.2–286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/121.1.284a.

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40

Dotzler, Matthew. "Conflict in the Middle East: The US and the Turkish-Kurdish Conflict." Policy Perspectives 25 (May 11, 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v25i0.18351.

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The conflict between Turkey and the Kurds is once again reaching a boiling point. Following the defeat of ISIL in northern Iraq and Syria, Turkey is now concerned that the returning Kurdish militias pose a threat to its national security. The United States, as an ally to both parties, finds itself in a unique position to push for diplomatic solutions and to mediate the conflict before it grows out of control once again. This paper will examine the history of the Turkish-Kurdish conflict, the actors involved, and how US foreign policy can be used to try and deter yet another war in the region.
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HAKIM, H. "Un aperçu sur l'enseignement du kurde en Irak (1919-2005)." Studia Iranica 35, no. 2 (2006): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/si.35.2.2018349.

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42

Abdel-Razek, Omar, and Miriam Puttick. "Majorities and minorities in post-ISIS Iraq." Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, no. 4 (2016): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1244901.

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The question of majorities and minorities has dominated the Iraqi political scene since the American-led invasion of 2003. As an occupying power, the US enshrined sectarianism in post-Saddam Iraq through divisive policies and structures that continue to pervade the political institution from top to bottom. As a result, what was considered a remedy for Iraq's political ills opened the gates for more sectarian division, the dispersion of religious minorities and power struggles between the main majority groups: Shia Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds. How this deadlock will be resolved is the key ques
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Rafeeq, Bashdar Omar, and Mohammed Abdullah Kakasur. "History writing by the Kurdis in Iraq (1958-1968) is among the books printed in Kurdish language." Journal of University of Raparin 7, no. 2 (2020): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(7).no(2).paper16.

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The issue of writing history by Kurdish authors in Iraq between1958-1968 is analysed and explained which is about those printed books in kurdish written and published by Kurdish authors in Iraq. We have concluded that eight history books were published in Kurdish language from 1958 to 1968. Among them, seven of them were written and published from 1958 to 1962 and only one book was published in 1968. This devision of publishing those books has been due to politicial reasons and the emergence of Ailul revolution in 1961. On the one hand, it was due to the political unrest which was a stumbling
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Fuccaro, Nelida. "Communalism and the state in Iraq: the Yazidi Kurds, c.1869–1940." Middle Eastern Studies 35, no. 2 (1999): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263209908701264.

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Wichhart, Stefanie K. "A ‘New Deal’ for the Kurds: Britain's Kurdish Policy in Iraq, 1941–45." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 39, no. 5 (2011): 815–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2011.629088.

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46

Logan, Darren. "Invisible Nation: How the Kurds Quest for Statehood Is Shaping Iraq and the Middle East." Iran and the Caucasus 14, no. 1 (2010): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338410x12743419189667.

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47

ENTESSAR, NADER. "MICHAEL M. GUNTER, The Kurdish Predicament in Iraq: A Political Analysis (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999), Pp. 191. $39.95 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (2001): 331–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801422069.

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This work is a follow-up to Michael Gunter's earlier book, The Kurds of Iraq: Tragedy and Hope (St. Martin's Press, 1992). In that book, which was published shortly after the first democratic elections in Iraqi Kurdistan and the subsequent establishment of the Kurdish regional government (KRG), Gunter was somewhat optimistic about the prospects for realizing Kurdish national aspirations in Iraq. The book under review, however, strikes a more pessimistic tone based on political developments in Iraqi Kurdistan in the 1990s. The main focus of the book is on the causes of continuing conflict betwe
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Dehqan, Mustafa. "Tehran's Unmined Archive of Kurdish Jewry: A Field Report." AJS Review 31, no. 2 (2007): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009407000554.

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This brief article offers an overview of the various Kurdo-Jewish records preserved in Tehran in the Iranian Parliament Records archives. The documents reflect the perspectives of Jews and non-Jews alike and were originally reported by Kurdish officials of the Jewish colonies in Iranian Kurdistan, by Jewish senators of the National Parliament of Iran, as well as by Kurdish peasants of Kurdistan. Most of the documents are in Persian, with the exception of perhaps nine in French stemming from Westernized Jewish circles.
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Kaka Sur, Dr Mohamed Abdullah. "British occupation of Iraq study in its political development (1917- 1927)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, no. 1 (2018): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i1.377.

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Occupation of Britain has had a significant impact on the history of Iraq. Even after the establishment of the Iraqi state in 1921 and the effects of this occupation existed. On this basis, one of the historians used the term Iraq - British royal rule in the period. So, important to know what are the historical factors which led to Britain occupy Iraq, beyond the historical trend of the state and the fundamental changes which led to the establishment of the Iraqi state. In this study, entitled (the historical reasons for the occupation of Iraq, Britain to study the political development betwee
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Hakem, Halkawt. "La longue marche de la langue kurde en Irak." Maghreb - Machrek 222, no. 4 (2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/machr.222.0011.

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