Academic literature on the topic 'Kuwait 2035 Project'
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Journal articles on the topic "Kuwait 2035 Project"
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Al-Muomen, Nujoud, Debora Shaw, and Michael Courtney. "“How will I know?” engagement with information resources." Library Review 65, no. 4/5 (July 4, 2016): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-12-2015-0120.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare how undergraduates in Kuwait and Indiana Universities assess information resources for class assignments. Design/methodology/approach Social science majors at Kuwait University and Indiana University Bloomington completed the Project Information Literacy survey. Findings The students are comparable in how often they ask instructors or classmates for advice, but Kuwaitis are more likely to ask other people for assistance. Kuwaiti students generally are less critical in their evaluation of both library-based and web information resources but are more likely to consider librarian recommendations. Research limitations/implications Institution-specific factors that were not specifically addressed include the following: the survey was administered online in Indiana and on paper in Kuwait, and the types of course assignments and/or students’ information literacy instruction may also vary by institution. Practical implications Librarians should continue to present information clearly and use a variety of instructional methods so that material is accessible. Librarian recommendations and modeling of evaluative behavior can assist international students. Social media may be useful in working with these students’ more collaborative approach to assessing resources. Originality/value The work updates the 2010 Project Information Literacy survey on undergraduates’ evaluation of information resources for coursework. It also extends that survey to identify how students from Kuwait are different than USA undergraduates.
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MOHAMED AL-DAMKHI, ALI, and SABAH AHMED ABDUL-WAHAB. "REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS IN KUWAIT: A STEP TOWARDS MITIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS ASSOCIATED WITH MAJOR PROJECTS." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 10, no. 04 (December 2008): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333208003184.
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Major development projects, within the third review of the Kuwait Master Plan (KMP3), are proposed for the period (2005–2030). These projects include, among other things, the construction of new towns, industrial areas, power plants, highways, hospitals, waterfront projects and sanitary projects. All of these projects are well known to have adverse environmental impacts unless necessary precautions are taken in their planning stages. As per Article 8 of Law 21 of 1995 and its amendments, the proponents of such projects are requested to submit a comprehensive Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) document for review before an environmental permit is given by the Environment Public Authority (EPA) in Kuwait. There is at present inadequate information available to help the proponents in this task, and the aim of this paper, is to provide a set of preliminary guidelines for the review and development of EIS documents for various types of major development projects. Although the examples focus on Kuwait, the principles discussed are generally applicable. The future challenges to enhance the review and development process are also discussed.
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Alhajeri, Nawaf S., Fahad M. Al-Fadhli, and Ahmed Z. Aly. "Unit-Based Emissions Inventory for Electric Power Systems in Kuwait: Current Status and Future Predictions." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 5758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205758.
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Obtaining accurate estimates of emissions from electric power systems is essential for predicting air quality and evaluating the effectiveness of any future control technologies. This paper aimed to develop unit-based emissions inventories for electric power systems in Kuwait using different parameters, including fuel specifications and consumption, combustion technology and its efficiency, unit capacity, and boiler type. The study also estimated the future emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, and PM10 up to the year 2030 using a multivariate regression model in addition to predicting future energy demand. The results showed that annual (2010–2015) emissions of all air pollutants, excluding SO2 and PM10, increased over the study period. CO had the greatest increase of 41.9%, whereas SO2 levels decreased the most by 13% over the 2010 levels, due to the replacement of heavy fuel oil. Energy consumption in 2015 stood at approximately 86 PJ, with natural gas, gas oil, crude oil, and heavy fuel oil making up 51.2%, 10.7%, 3.1%, and 35%, respectively. Energy demand was projected to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. The required installed capacity to meet this demand was estimated to be approximately 21.8 GW (a 34% increase in capacity compared to 2015 levels). The projected emission rates showed that, of the five air pollutants, SO2 and PM10 are expected to decrease by 2030 by 34% and 11%, respectively. However, peak monthly emissions of SO2 would still only be 14% lower compared to the 2015 monthly average. In contrast, emission levels are projected to increase by 34.3%, 54.8%, and 71.8% for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively, by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. Accordingly, a more ambitious target of renewables penetration needs to be adopted to reduce emission levels going forward.
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Al Qaheri, Hameed, Mohamad Kamal El Din Ahmad Hasan, and Mohammad Zainal. "Optimum Project Portfolio Selection for Developmental Plans Using Goal Programming." International Journal of Operations Research and Information Systems 12, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijoris.20211001.oa1.
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In vision-driven development plans, such as the Kuwait Mid-Range Development Plan 2015/2016–2019/2020, themes and pillars are derived from the plan's vision, and global indices are assigned by international organizations to accurately measure the performance against the vision's themes. This allows for comparison with other countries, and it also set targets for progression over time. One or more projects are assigned to the indicators of these global indices. A Multi-Criteria Mathematical Programming Technique (e.g., Goal Programming) is used with multiple goals and priorities where an Optimal Portfolio of Projects is found that satisfied the selection criteria.
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Alnaser, N. W., and W. E. Alnaser. "The impact of the rise of using solar energy in GCC countries." Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability 4 (2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rees/2019004.
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The research and the prototype projects in the GCC countries were in place since 1970's which first was started in Kuwait, followed by Saudi Arabia in the 1980's, United Arab Emirates in the 1990's, Bahrain, Oman and Qatar in 21 centuries. Now all GCC countries had conducted, relatively, large project in solar and wind energy, especially Kuwait (currently about 70 MW among a plan of 2000 MW by 2030), UAE (currently about 300 MW among a plan of 2500 MW by 2030) and Saudi Arabia (with an ambitious renewable energy target of 3450 MW by 2020 with a further 6000 GW envisioned by 2023 and to 200 000 MW by 2030). Such an acceleration in the use of solar and wind energy would have an impact. Major impacts are: (1) Major reduction in the solar electricity prices in the region; (2) More investors in renewable energy business; (3) Rise of innovative design of houses to utilize its structure in installation and integration of renewable energy devices; (4) Rise of many service and maintenance of solar technology companies; (5) Establishment of new academic programs and courses in solar and other renewable energy technologies in the higher education institute and technical organizations; (6) More concern and studies on disturbances to the main grid due to solar connection; (7) Major reduction in carbon footprint per capita in GCC countries; (8) Use of more efficient and low consumption household and industrial devices; (9) Boost in battery industry for solar electricity storage.
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Pieńkowska, Agnieszka. "Failaka Archaeological Research Project. Preliminary results after the second and third season of excavation at Kharaib el-Desht in 2015–2016." Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 26, no. 1 (July 9, 2018): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1801.
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Excavation at the site of Kharaib el-Desht on Failaka Island, Kuwait, began in 2013 and continued in 2015 and 2016. The second season focused on the northwestern part of the site, namely Areas 1 and 4. In the third season, work also encompassed the southeastern part of the site, Area 3, where the exploration of a stone structure was resumed. A fragment of a residential complex was also unearthed in this area. Test trenches, opened inside the stone structure and below the foundation level of the residential remains, confirmed the existence of an earlier phase, predating the Desht settlement.
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Saygı, Hülya, Aysun Kop, Hatice Tekoğul, and Özgür Altan. "Orta Doğu Ülkelerinin Su Ürünleri Üretimi." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1422-1430.2058.
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The main aim of this study is to estimate the future of the aquaculture of Middle Eastern Countries for the year 2030 by time series analysis method. In addition, it is a classification and clustering based on fisheries production, import, export and consumption data with basic component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods for Middle Eastern countries. FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) used the statistics of fisheries products of the Middle East countries between 1950 and 2016. Time series, clustering and factor analysis were applied to these data. As a result of the time series analysis, the aquaculture production will end up in Kuwait, Libya and Syria if the current situation continues. Also, in other countries, production for 2030 is projected to be lowest for Jordan and the highest for Egypt. Accordingly, the total amount of aquaculture production in the Middle East countries is estimated to be 4.8 million tons in 2030. In the PCA, according to PC1; Cyprus, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates and according to PC2; Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Tunisia and Yemen have been associated with high rates, respectively. According to the HCA; first cluster, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Cyprus, Iraq; 2nd cluster Israel, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Tunisia, Oman and Yemen; 3rd cluster Saudi Arabia; 4. Cluster consists of Iran, Turkey and Egypt. According to the results of this study, the aquaculture of these countries should be examined in more detail. It is also recommended that countries implement the necessary regulations in fisheries policies.
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Al-Zain, Yazan, Lawrence Al-Fandi, Mazen Arafeh, Samar Salim, Shouq Al-Quraini, Aisha Al-Yaseen, and Deema Abu Taleb. "Implementing Lean Six Sigma in a Kuwaiti private hospital." International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance 32, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhcqa-04-2018-0099.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to use Lean Six Sigma (LSS) to reduce patient waiting time in a Kuwaiti private hospital obstetrics and gynaecology clinic. Approach The define, measure, analyse, improve and control methodology was used. The “define” stage involved identifying patients’ needs, system capabilities and project objectives. The “measure” stage assessed the system’s current state through data collection on waiting times. Dunnett’s test, control charts and process capability analysis were used to ensure data accuracy. In the “analyse” stage, an Ishikawa diagram and Pareto chart were constructed, showing that overbooking appointments, doctors’ unscheduled breaks and doctors not arriving on time were the root causes of the problem. The “improve” stage used an Arena simulation model to represent current and improved system status. The proposed solutions were implemented and monitored in the “control” stage. Findings A sigma-level improvement of 300 per cent (0.5–2.0) was realized for appointment patients on Saturdays, with a 67 per cent reduction in waiting time. For walk-ins, the sigma level improved by 288 per cent (0.8–3.1), with a 55 per cent reduction in waiting time. For weekday appointments, the sigma level improved by 111 per cent (0.9–1.9), with a 63 per cent reduction in waiting time. For walk-ins, the sigma level improved by 69 per cent (1.6–2.7), with a 46 per cent reduction in waiting time. A cost–benefit analysis estimated the present project value at $656,459, leading to a total of $5,820,319 in savings by 2025. Originality/value This paper fulfils the need for process improvement, increasing patients’ satisfaction and hospitals’ profitability using LSS.
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SINGH, UDAY. "Looking West: India’s Energy Policy In West Asia." Think India 22, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v22i3.8279.
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Energy security, of course, is a key ingredient of India’s interest in West Asia. It is dependent on imports for 80% of its oil needs, of which roughly 55% is sourced from the Persian Gulf region. The ratio could decline slowly as New Delhi diversifies with an increased focus on African producers. But the rate at which India’s energy demand is growing—it is currently the world’s fourth biggest oil consumer with import dependence projected to increase to 90% by 2031—offsets this in absolute terms. India’s increasingly multidimensional relations with Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states buttress these energy security efforts. The Indian diaspora in the Arab states is seven million strong—a valuable connection and responsible for some $40 billion in remittances annually. And the possibilities for investment go beyond the energy sector. The UAE has agreed to invest $75 billion in Indian infrastructure, Bahrain is looking to invest in financial services and high value-added manufacturing among other areas, and countries like Kuwait have sovereign funds ripe for targeting. Security and geopolitical considerations are, naturally, threaded through these economic engagements. Since Atal Bihari Vajpayee revitalized ties with GCC states, New Delhi has shown an admirable pragmatism, juggling its relationships with competing power centres like Riyadh and Tehran—even in light of the witches’ cauldron of proxy struggles and sectarian conflicts that is currently West Asia. This is the hallmark of mature diplomacy. The pay-off has been visible, from Saudi Arabia extraditing terror suspects to India to Qatari aid when Indian nationals have been endangered by the Islamic State and in Afghanistan. Factor in India’s potential role as a maritime net security provider for the Gulf States, reliant as they are on energy shipping through the Indian Ocean Region. According to the Indian Navy’s Maritime Security Strategy released last year, the Persian Gulf is a primary area of interest. The possibilities for cooperation are significant. In the period to 2040, India will overtake China as the largest source of rising demand for oil. The time to begin securing its interests in West Asia is now when it holds the advantage.
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Süda, Ilmar. "New woodland beetle species (Coleoptera) in Estonian fauna. 2." Forestry Studies 64, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsmu-2016-0004.
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Abstract The article presents an annotated list of 99 new beetle species for Estonia (mainly woodland ones) along with their faunistic data. Most of the material has been collected by the author using trunk window traps within the framework of various research and monitoring projects in 2011–2015. In addition, the work comprises a number of unpublished new species, which were revealed in the material of older collections. These originate mainly from the coleopterologist J. Miländer’s beetle collection preserved at the Estonian University of Life Sciences (finds from the period of 1930–1982) and from the private collection of zoosemiotist A. Turovski. 13 species are new for the fauna of the whole Baltic region. Three species are new for Northern Europe: Triplax carpathica Rtt. (Erotylidae), Phloiotrya subtilis (Rtt.) (Melandryidae) and Carpophilus truncatus Murray (Nitidulidae). Triplax carpathica Rtt. (Erotylidae) and Clypeorhagus clypeatus (Hampe) (Eucnemidae), each known only from a single locality, belong to the European IUCN Red List. Two discovered species, Airaphilus perangustus Lindberg (Silvanidae) and Ochthebius czwalinai Kuwert (Hydraenidae), are known for their very restricted spreading area in Europe. For a large part of the new species (36 out of 99) Estonia lies on the northern edge of their areal. These species have not yet been recorded north of Estonia in Finland, where the beetle fauna is studied better. For two Nitidulidae species, Carpophilus marginellus Motsch. and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say), fast spreading over Estonia was registered in the last five years. Somewhat earlier, a species closely related to the latter, Glischrochilus grandis (Tournier), showed the same tendency of fast spreading in Estonia. Six species, Pityophthorus glabratus Eichhoff (Curculionidae), Dirrhagofarsus attenuatus (Mäklin) (Eucnemidae), Hypebaeus flavipes (F.) (Malachiidae), Dacne notata (Gmelin) (Erotylidae), Aulonothroscus brevicollis (Bonv.) (Throscidae) and Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.) (Nitidulidae) have to be excluded from the list of Estonian fauna due to wrong identification.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kuwait 2035 Project"
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"Comparative Study of HVAC and HVDC Transmission Systems With Proposed Machine Learning Algorithms for Fault Location Detection." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53497.
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abstract: High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Technology has several features that make it particularly attractive for specific transmission applications. Recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of the HVDC projects, which demonstrates a heightened interest in the HVDC technology. In parallel, the use of renewable energy sources has dramatically increased. For instance, Kuwait has recently announced a renewable project to be completed in 2035; this project aims to produce 15% of the countrys energy consumption from renewable sources. However, facilities that use renewable sources, such as solar and wind, to provide clean energy, are mostly placed in remote areas, as their installation requires a massive space of free land. Consequently, considerable challenges arise in terms of transmitting power generated from renewable sources of energy in remote areas to urban areas for further consumption.
The present thesis investigates different transmission line systems for transmitting bulk energy from renewable sources. Specifically, two systems will be focused on: the high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) system and the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system. In order to determine the most efficient way of transmitting bulk energy from renewable sources, different aspects of the aforementioned two types of systems are analyzed. Limitations inherent in both HVAC and HVDC systems have been discussed.
At present, artificial intelligence plays an important role in power system control and monitoring. Consequently, in this thesis, the fault issue has been analyzed in transmission systems, with a specific consideration of machine learning tools that can help monitor transmission systems by detecting fault locations. These tools, called models, are used to analyze the collected data. In the present thesis, a focus on such models as linear regression (LR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), linear support vector machine (LSVM) , and adaptive boost (AdaBoost). Finally, the accuracy of each model is evaluated and discussed. The machine learning concept introduced in the present thesis lays down the foundation for future research in this area so that to enable further research on the efficient ways to improve the performance of transmission line components and power systems.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2019
Conference papers on the topic "Kuwait 2035 Project"
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Porter, Todd R., and Emad Al-Nasser. "Pipeline Integrity Management at Kuwait Oil Company." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10298.
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Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) operates large pipelines system in the State of Kuwait. This pipeline system is comprised of a complex network of high pressure gas, low pressure gas, fuel gas, condensate, crude subsystems as well as water pipelines. A Total Pipeline Integrity Management System (TPIMS) project was initiated in early 2005 to provide KOC with a complete system baseline, integrity management plan and system, and assessments. Periodic re-assessments will be conducted throughout the project life cycle to manage priorities and optimize integrity, repair and maintenance operations. The primary integrity threat of the pipeline system is Internal and External Corrosion, with secondary threats of mechanical damage and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) to be considered as well. This case study will present the design, implementation and execution of a comprehensive approach to pipeline integrity management. Aspects of data management / analysis, integrity (ILI, DA) and risk analysis will be discussed. Kuwait has undergone significant reconstruction since the liberation from Iraqi invasion in 1991 and with mandates to increase production and throughput, system reliability and up-time is essential. KOC is well advanced in the implementation of a TPIMS, a model for the region and worldwide.
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Mohite, S. D. D. "LNG Imports - A Strategic Choice for GCC Region." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169980-ms.
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Abstract Although Middle East region is blessed with 43% of global proven gas reserves equivalent at 80 trillion cubic meters, of which 50 % are in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, apart from the challenge of historic under-investment, regional gas endowments have been highly uneven and unique. The region is responding to gas shortages by boosting supplies through a combination of E&P developments and imports. As per IEA, the current 240 billion cubic meters (BCM) demand is expected to rise to 300 BCM by 2020 and 600 BCM by 2030. About 90% of incremental energy demand for power generation would come from gas then. Strategic investment will have to focus on creating large volumes of storage capacity as well as peak deliverability to cope with rising imports and power demand requirements. Currently, Dubai and Kuwait import LNG through floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU) projects. At first these imports were seasonal (i.e. summer demand for electricity for air conditioning) and on a spot or short-term basis. Now, demand extends into all but the winter months and soon demand will be year round. The expansion of FSRU in Kuwait in to a permanent facility would increase capacity from 500 MMSCF/d to 3 BCF/d in two phases. This 11.0 million ton per annum (MMTPA) Kuwaiti LNG project under phase-I, is likely to replace the country's FSRU by 2020, mainly to replace the fuel oil firing in power plants. Abu Dhabi is developing a 8.7 MMTPA project in the Emirate of Fujairah on the Indian Ocean outside the Strait of Hormuz. Depending on supply-demand dynamics, Abu Dhabi may be both an importer and exporter of LNG, possibly relying on gas from the Shah and Bab fields. Bahrain has plans to develop 3.6 MMPTA shore-based import facility. Oman has combined Oman LNG and Qalhat LNG projects for integrated benefits, is developing unconventional gas reserves and would reduce gas subsidies to improve the demand equilibrium. Yemen continues to export LNG but has interruptions because of security issues. While Qatar gains geo-political benefits from its broader LNG export customers, with plans to expand its LNG capacity further, the possibility of it supplying gas to its neighbors is remote. Whereas, Saudi Arabia is better dedicated to its oil-field development, has realized benefits of developing and commercializing its gas fields, for both power and job generation. In view of the above, LNG thus remains a strategic choice for GCC countries mainly due to: Most environment-friendly and efficient option for rapidly escalating power demand at ~ 8% p.a.Techno-economics favoring fuel mix of LSFO and LNG for power and industries, instead of crude and dieselRefinery-Petrochemical integration becomes a more viable optionLimitations on geo-technical and geo-political contentious issues on developing non-associated gas fieldsChallenges on speeding up trade and strengthening exchange of power using 2009-set GCC grid, at full capacitySlow diversification into high-profile renewable power projects and its bold initiatives
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Pribyl, Barbara, Satinder Purewal, and Harikrishnan Tulsidas. "Development of the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines PRSG – A Petroleum Classification System for the Energy Transition." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205847-ms.
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Abstract The Petroleum Working Group (PWG) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has developed the Petroleum Resource Specifications and Guidelines (PRSG) to facilitate the application of the United Nations Framework Classification for Resources (UNFC) for evaluating and classifying petroleum projects. The UNFC was developed by the Expert Group on Resource Management (EGRM) and covers all resource sectors such as minerals, petroleum, renewable energy, nuclear resources, injection projects, anthropogenic resources and groundwater. It has a unique three- dimensional structure to describe environmental, social and economic viability (E-axis), technical feasibility and maturity (F-axis) and degree of confidence in the resource estimates (G-axis). The UNFC is fully aligned to holistic and sustainable resource management called for by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda). UNFC can be used by governments for integrated energy planning, companies for developing business models and the investors in decision making. Internationally, all classification systems and their application continue to evolve to incorporate the latest technical understanding and usage and societal, government and regulatory expectations. The PRSG incorporates key elements from current global petroleum classification systems. Furthermore, it provides a forward-thinking approach to including aspects of integrity and ethics. It expands on the unique differentiator of the UNFC to integrate social and environmental issues in the project evaluation. Several case studies have been carried out (in China, Kuwait, Mexico, Russia, and Uganda) using UNFC. Specifically, PRSG assists in identifying critical social and environmental issues to support their resolution and development sustainably. These issues may be unique to the country, location and projects and mapped using a risk matrix. This may support the development of a road map to resolve potential impediments to project sanction. The release of the PRSG comes at a time of global economic volatility on a national and international level due to the ongoing impact and management of COVID-19, petroleum supply and demand uncertainty and competing national and international interests. Sustainable energy is not only required for industries but for all other social development. It is essential for private sector development, productive capacity building and expansion of trade. It has strong linkages to climate action, health, education, water, food security and woman empowerment. Moreover, enduring complex system considerations in balancing the energy trilemma of reliable supply, affordability, equity, and social and environmental responsibility remain. These overarching conditions make it even more essential to ensure projects are evaluated in a competent, ethical and transparent manner. While considering all the risks, it is also critical to reinforce the positive contribution a natural resource utilization project provides to society. Such an inquiry can focus on how the project contributes to the quality of life, environment, and the economy – the people, planet, and prosperity triad. Such an approach allows consistent, robust and sustainable investment decision making and energy policy development.
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Mohite, S. D. D. "Downstream Refining and Petrochemicals Challenges - Future Configuration." In SPE Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-169979-ms.
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Abstract Precise predictions and solutions for tomorrow's needs are the key to building a growing, sustainable business. This requires a mixture of vision, strategic risk taking business model and investment in new technology. Refining trends forecast is useful for predicting possible landscape, where in challenge would be to meet twice the energy levels from today with half the CO2 emissions by 2030. Increasing and diversification of world's energy supplies to support the population of over 8 billion then would be a mammoth task, given that the triangle of energy, food and water will be crucial. Three fundamental factors that will influence and shape this setting are: Global products demand will rise by 1.1% - 1.3% annually by 2030 to over 115 million barrels per day, with marginal influence of crude oil prices;Reinforced legislation targeting reduction of GHG emissions, requiring improved clean transportation and bunker fuels - accounting 2/3rd of total demand and growth;Refining and Petrochemicals form the backbone of global economics and meeting demand with inevitable steady profitability is a major task possibly also using alternative unconventional sources. In competitive context – innovation, operational excellence and implementation of robust strategies are critical for sustenance and growth. Project returns can however be enhanced by incorporating integration principles and model at the design stage itself. Whilst development pace of new technologies would accelerate which can radically alter business structure in certain geographies, question remains on what makes a successful project come to fruition. The presentation discusses futuristic economic unlocking of value by application of technology models and best practices by utilizing various feed-stocks, including natural gas as a main competitor and maximum upgrading bottom-of-the-barrel. Besides, novel process designs and operational control would be squeezed as it is invariably the last fraction which is most difficult to remove! This paper contains forward-looking scenario about global Refining strategy, Petrochemicals feed-stock cost advantages, technology diversification routes to maximize returns from cheaper sources, financial performance and economics, growth opportunities in various countries, sectors or markets, besides a focus on Europe and GCC regions and current projects in Kuwait. However, these involve uncertainty as they depend mainly on future circumstances like commercializing R&D, not all of which can be controlled or accurately predicted, hence are directional for investment decisions.
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Gharbia, Yousef, Mohamed Fayed, and Mohammed Anany. "Steam Generation for EHOR Using PTC System Modeled in SAM." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10332.
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Abstract Kuwait’s oil reserves include approximately 13 bn barrels of heavy oil, primarily located in the northern region of the country. The Lower Fars (LF) heavy oil development project aims to extract heavy oil from the Ratqa oil field. The US$7 bn project is being developed in phases, with the first phase expected to start in 2019 with a production rate of 60,000 Barrel of Oil Per Day (BOPD). This amount is planned to ramp up to 270,000 BOPD by 2030. The steam required for the Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery (EHOR) process can be either generated by using conventional fuels or renewable energy resources, such as solar energy. The amount of steam required to recover a certain quantity of heavy oil depends on the value of Steam to Oil Ratio (SOR). The aim of this work was to determine the specifications of a parabolic trough collector field required to produce steam with the right properties to recover 270,000 BOPD from Lower Fars reservoir. The Industrial Process Heat (IPH) model of the System Advisor Model (SAM) software, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), was used for this purpose. The capital cost and the running cost of the project, as well as the Levelized Cost of Heat (LCOH), were also determined. The simulation was implemented on EuroTrough ET150 trough collectors and Schott PTR 70 receiving tubes. Different plant designs with different types of heat transfer fluids (HTF) including Therminol VP-1, Therminol 59, Therminol 66, Dowtherm Q, Dowtherm RP, and Caloria HT43 have been investigated.
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Isaac, M. Robb, Saleh Al-Sulaiman, Monty R. Martin, and Sandeep Sharma. "Total Pipeline Integrity Management System Implemented for KOC Pipelines: A Case Study." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31679.
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In early 2005, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) initiated a Total Pipeline Integrity Management System (TPIMS) implementation in order to carry out a major integrity assessment of its operating facilities, equipment, buried plant piping and pipeline network and to establish a continuing integrity management program. KOC Transit System is a complex infrastructure consisting of over three hundred pipelines, thousands of wellhead flow lines, and consumer and offshore lines for which there was a significant loss of data when the facilities were destroyed during a military invasion in 1990. An initial pipeline system assessment identified issues and actions regarding condition of the pipelines, corridors, requirements on in-line inspection (ILI), documentation, RISK assessment, status of international code compliance, and overall state of the system. Following recommendations from that initial assessment led to the development of a long term strategy; the execution of which required the implementation of a comprehensive integrity management program. This case study discusses the results obtained after five years of implementation of TPIMS at KOC. It will demonstrate some of the complex components involved in managing the integrity of the Transit System that have been made possible through the implementation of the system. The general concept and structure of TPIMS will be described, and how it deals with the complexity of the KOC pipeline system. The system made it possible to integrate and manage data from various sources, by conducting integrity assessment using ILI, Direct Assessment and hydrostatic testing, as well as structure a comprehensive RISK & Decision Support mechanism. This is one of the world’s first implementations of this magnitude which encompasses such a wide range of services and variables; all being managed in a single environment and utilized by a multitude of users in different areas at KOC. The biggest challenge in a project of this scope is data management. Examples will be shown of the integration structure to illustrate the benefits of using a single comprehensive and versatile platform to manage system requirements; ultimately providing system reliability and improving overall operational efficiency.