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Journal articles on the topic 'Kuwait'
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1
Juraid, Ayed Ateeq. "KUWAITI WORKERS AND WESTERN OIL COMPANIES 1946-1960." SEJARAH 30, no. 2 (December 6, 2021): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no2.5.
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Kuwaiti oil was very important for oil companies of colonial powers such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, APOC, and Gulf Oil Company. Those two companies managed to acquire oil concession inside Kuwait. Although they achieved huge financial profits led to welfare and happiness of American and British peoples, they, however, broke the terms of the concession agreement regarding Kuwaiti workers rights by not providing jobs, training, qualifying, high position and other rights. In return, Kuwait witnessed a successful labor movement led to having workers’ rights. Moreover, that movement had a potential role in the decision of nationalization of foreign oil companies later in 1975. In light of the above, this study aims at highlighting the most important companies that had oil concessions in Kuwait. Also, it seeks to identify their real policies toward Kuwait and its workers. In addition, the finding tries to show the Kuwaiti workers response on the companies which exhausted Kuwait’s resources and depraved Kuwaitis from their normal rights. As far as the method followed by the study, nature of the research requires applying the suitable analytical approach. That is, via the references and sources used in study, the linked points with the subject are being specified, analyzed and objectively criticized in order to show the injustice that had taken place from colonial oil companies upon Kuwaiti workers.
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Almefleh, Hissah, Anwar Alshuraiaan, and Fajer Alhajiri. "Assessing the Efficacy of Task-Based Language Teaching in TESOL Settings." British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy 2, no. 3 (October 28, 2023): 09–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjtep.2023.2.3.2.
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Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) is a promising approach to English language teaching that has the potential to enhance English language learning outcomes in Kuwaiti higher education institutions. However, it is important to consider the Kuwait-specific factors that can influence its effectiveness. This study investigated the effectiveness of TBLT in Kuwait and the Kuwait-specific factors that can influence its effectiveness. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the selected educators. The study involved 12 educators from Kuwait's higher education sector. Participants were purposefully selected based on their experience in TBLT implementation to ensure that their insights and experiences aligned with the research focus. The study's findings suggest that TBLT is an effective approach to teaching English in Kuwait. Students who participated in the study reported that TBLT helped them improve their English language skills in several ways, including improved communication skills, increased fluency and accuracy, developed critical thinking and problem-solving skills, and increased motivation and engagement. The study also identified a number of Kuwait-specific factors that can influence the effectiveness of TBLT. These factors include learner characteristics, teacher perspectives, and curriculum design. It is important to design TBLT tasks that are appropriate for all learners' needs, provide teachers with training and support to help them implement TBLT effectively, and align the Kuwaiti curriculum with the principles of TBLT. The study concludes with recommendations for promoting the effective implementation of TBLT in Kuwaiti higher education institutions. These recommendations include providing TBLT teachers with training and support, aligning the Kuwaiti curriculum with the principles of TBLT, designing TBLT tasks that are appropriate for the needs of all learners, and conducting further research to investigate the long-term effects of TBLT on English language learning outcomes. Finally, the study's findings have implications for educators in Kuwaiti higher education institutions. By understanding the effectiveness of TBLT and the Kuwait-specific factors that can influence its effectiveness, educators can promote the effective implementation of TBLT and enhance English language learning outcomes for Kuwaiti students.
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Alharbi, Ghazwa. "Primary School Teachers Perceptions Regarding ICT Usage And Equipment In Kuwait." Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 8, no. 1 (December 21, 2011): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v8i1.6696.
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Education institutions around the world have seen rapid advances in ICT (Information Communication Technology) within the classroom since the mid 90s. Kuwait has realized the need for a high quality education system, and has seen huge increases in government funding for schools over the last 10 years. However, Kuwaits spending on technology and ICT has attracted little research regarding the impact it has had on students and teachers. For this reason, this study aimed to discover how useful ICT is within classes in Kuwait. The research used qualitative research to focus on 14 teachers from three different primary schools in Kuwait. The study focused on the amount of ICT that is used within Kuwaiti schools and the quality of ICT training provided for teachers. The study found that teachers lacked sufficient training in ICT usage as a teaching aid. Findings also revealed that programs provided by the primary schools in Kuwait were too basic and that further investment is required
4
Al-Jourani, Haider Sobkhi Afat. "Iraq's Perception of Kuwaiti Foreign Policy Decision-Making after 2003 "." Tikrit Journal For Political Science 1, no. 9 (March 31, 2017): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v1i9.120.
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Kuwait is significant to Iraq due to its association with the events of 1990/1991 and 2003, both of which had a negative impact on Iraq and its circumstances throughout the preceding period. One of the crucial points that necessitates examination and study is the Kuwaiti perspective towards Iraq, which shapes Kuwait's foreign policy towards Iraq. This is the subject matter addressed in this research.
After 2003, Iraq started to perceive the Kuwaiti foreign policy decision-maker and its influence on the bilateral relations between the two countries. There was an increasing focus on developing shared interests in politics, economy, security, and culture. Diplomatic relations between Iraq and Kuwait were restored, and official visits between officials of both countries were exchanged. Pending issues between Iraq and Kuwait, such as borders, outstanding debts, and war reparations, were addressed, and agreements and understanding solutions were reached between the two nations.
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Abdullah Alenezi, Abdulaziz. "Virtual Linguistic Landscapes of Power and Ideology: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Twitter Posts on Kuwaiti Politics." Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing 6, no. 60 (October 2, 2023): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36571/ajsp604.
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This study examines Twitter's role as a platform for political discourse in Kuwait. The advent of Twitter as a dominant platform for political discourse deserves scholarly investigation, especially in linguistically diverse settings such as Kuwait. This research aims to fill a crucial gap in the existing literature on Virtual Linguistic Landscapes (VLL) by focusing on the interplay of language, power, and ideology within Kuwait's Twitter discourse on politics. Employing a mixed-method approach that integrates Critical Discourse Analysis with qualitative and quantitative data analysis, the study scrutinizes a sample of 116 posts concerning Kuwaiti politics. The results reveal that Arabic remains the predominant language, used primarily in discussions of local political issues and power structures. In contrast, English gains prominence in global and modernity-themed conversations. Additionally, bilingualism and code-switching emerge as significant practices, reflecting the complex ideological landscape of Kuwaiti politics. The study contributes to the academic discourse on VLLs by offering nuanced insights specific to Kuwait's sociopolitical and linguistic context. It also has broader policy implications for fostering an inclusive digital public sphere. Keywords: Sociolinguistics, Virtual linguistic landscape, Discourse analysis, Twitter, Kuwait, Ideology.
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Alroughani, R., SF Ahmed, R. Behbehani, R. Khan, A. Thussu, KJ Alexander, A. Ashkanani, V. Nagarajan, and J. Al-Hashel. "Increasing prevalence and incidence rates of multiple sclerosis in Kuwait." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 20, no. 5 (September 11, 2013): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513504328.
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Background: Kuwait was considered as low to intermediate risk area for MS. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and incidence rates of MS among Kuwaiti nationals based on 2011 population census. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2010 and April 2013 using the newly developed national MS registry in Kuwait. Patients with a diagnosis of MS according to 2010 revised McDonald criteria were identified. The crude, age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rates among Kuwaiti patients were calculated. Results: 1176 MS patients were identified of which 927 (78.8%) were Kuwaitis and 249 (21.2%) were expatriates. Among Kuwaiti patients, female to male ratio was 1.8:1 with a mean age of 35.40 ± 10.99 years. The prevalence rate of MS was 85.05 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 82.80 – 87.04). There was a peak in prevalence among patients aged 30–39 years. The incidence of MS was 6.88 per 100,000 persons (95% CI 5.52–8.55). Between 2003 and 2011, the incidence increased 3.22 and 2.54 times in women and men respectively. Conclusion: Kuwait is considered a high-risk area for MS. The significant increase in prevalence and incidence rates may represent a true increase despite the improvement in case ascertainment and case definition.
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Allafi, Ahmad R., Fahhad Alajmi, and Ahmad Al-Haifi. "Survey of nutrition knowledge of physicians in Kuwait." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 7 (July 31, 2012): 1332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980012003606.
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AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine whether nutrition knowledge differs between male and female physicians working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.DesignThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of physician's nutrition knowledge by using a sixteen-item multiple-choice questionnaire.SettingGovernmental hospitals in Kuwait City, Kuwait.SubjectsOne hundred Kuwaiti physicians (fifty males; fifty females) working in Kuwait City, Kuwait.ResultsA response rate of 73 % was achieved (forty males; thirty-three females). The mean percentage of correctly answered questions was 60 %. The male and female physicians averaged 56 % and 65 % of correct responses, respectively (P = 0·042). However, only for two questions did male and female physicians’ scores differ significantly (P < 0·05). The two age groups (<40 years; ≥40 years) had equal mean total correct scores (60 %, P = 0·935). Physicians’ knowledge was greatest for topics that have received a great deal of media coverage in Kuwait. Most (70 %) of the physicians described their nutrition knowledge as ‘moderate’.ConclusionsPhysicians in Kuwait gave inaccurate information regarding common problems in Kuwaitis such as obesity, hypertension and osteoporosis. In view of the public's perception of the role of the physician in providing nutrition advice, it is imperative that nutrition and diet training be part of continuing medical education to bridge these deficiencies in physicians’ knowledge.
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Latifah, Nur Azizah, and Mulyono Jamal. "Analisis Pelaksanaan Wakaf di Kuwait." ZISWAF : Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/ziswaf.v1i1.5607.
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<p>This Waqf in Kuwait is an endowment which is as old as the existence of Kuwaiti culture, the main purpose of this writing is to explore the implementation of waqf in Kuwait from the perspective of Endowments Jurisprudence by seeing the progress of waqf in Kuwait and with all its developments. The study method used in discussing this problem is literature research. The data in this study were obtained using the documentary method, to look for data on the implementation of waqf in Kuwait sourced from books, journals, the internet, and Papers. Kuwait has a strategy in developing waqf that is used effectively by developing waqf assets productively through various investment channels and distributing the results according to the conditions set by the waqif and making suitable waqf programs to improve the quality of existing Waqf Institutions so that Kuwait can progress and developed with effective waqf management and played an important role in the development of the Kuwaiti State.</p>
9
Tètreault, Mary Ann. "Autonomy, necessity, and the small state: ruling Kuwait in the twentieth century." International Organization 45, no. 4 (1991): 565–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081830003321x.
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To reduce its strategic vulnerability, a small state may enter into a cliency relationship with a more powerful state. Among the consequences of cliency for the small state are the acquisition of resources, which can be used against threatening neighbors as well as against domestic populations, and the reduction of autonomy. In 1899, Mubarak, Kuwait's ruler, entered a cliency relationship with Britain. As a result, Kuwait was able to avoid incorporation into the Ottoman Empire. Although Mubarak and subsequent Kuwaiti rulers lost their foreign policy autonomy, they acquired resources enabling them to enhance their domestic autonomy by suppressing elite groups that were formerly integral participants in governing Kuwait. In 1961, oil revenues enabled Kuwait's rulers to end the cliency relationship and to provide their own resources for repressing or pacifying domestic groups. But the fact that oil revenues proved less effective than cliency in maintaining Kuwait's strategic security illustrates the fundamental security dilemma faced by all small states, even rich ones.
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Jamal, Esraa, David Scott, Ahmed Idris, and Gordon Lovegrove. "Investigating factors affecting the mode choices of commuters in Kuwait city & surrounding urban areas: Strategies for a higher quality and more sustainable public transport system." Urban Development Issues 63, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/udi-2019-0017.
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Abstract This paper reports on the social, cultural, and demographic factors affecting Kuwaiti commuters. The objectives were to 1) investigate the awareness of Kuwaitis of transportation problems, 2) examine the perceptions of Kuwaitis of daily traffic congestion and how it affects them emotionally and physically, and the main objective 3) study the attitudes of Kuwaitis towards using public buses. An online survey was used to examine these factors, and a sample of five hundred transportation system users was obtained. The primary findings showed significant associations between the use of public transport buses and the user’s nationality, gender, age, education, and income level. Men are 2.6 times more likely to use buses, and non-Kuwaiti residents are 6.4 times more likely to use them. In relation to the perceptions of daily traffic congestion, findings indicate that with increase in travel time, commuters, in general, developed more negative feelings, such as exhaustion and stress. A large proportion of the sample population is aware of current local transportation problems and future transportation projects. The results of this study fill a gap in the knowledge of the socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence the success of sustainable public transportation solutions to the traffic challenges found in Kuwait. This knowledge is also crucial to foreign consultants working on planning and transportation projects in the region. It is recommended that officials use this new knowledge on cultural factors to develop integrated land use and transportation plans of the urban areas in Kuwait and to develop more effective and sustainable transportation demand management policies in support of UN Sustainable Development Goals that Kuwait has signed up to pursue.
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Al-Kandari, Manal Abdulrahman, Valiallah Khalaji-Pirbalouty, Hadeel Abdulkhaliq, and Weizhong Chen. "Diversity and distribution of the Isopoda (Crustacea, Peracarida) of Kuwait, with an updated checklist." ZooKeys 1080 (January 5, 2022): 107–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1080.71370.
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Thirty-eight species of Isopoda, belonging to 13 families and 29 genera, are listed from Kuwait based on previous literature records (of 17 species) and collections carried out along Kuwait’s coastal and subtidal zones during the present study. The majority of species belongs to the suborder Cymothoida (23), followed by Sphaeromatidea (9), Oniscidea (3), Valvifera (2), and Asellota (1). In total, 25 species were collected and identified from 12 families and 22 genera from Kuwaiti coastal and subtidal areas. These include eight families, 15 genera, and 21 species recorded for the first time from Kuwait. Isopod diversity was highest in the sandy rock areas, including southern Kuwait, particularly in Al-Khiran and Al-Nuwaiseeb, and in mixed habitat (muddy, rocky, and sandy) intertidal transects such as in Failaka Island. The species number increased from the subtidal and lowest zones into the high tidal zone. Isopods were found in sandy substrata, among shells, cobbles, rocks, dead corals, and algae.
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Alnufaishan, Sara, and Alanoud Alrashidi. "Democracy and Education through the Eyes of Kuwaiti Politicians: A Phenomenological Study." Education Sciences 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9010060.
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Kuwait’s Constitution defines the small Arab Gulf nation as a constitutional democracy led by a hereditary emirate, although outside observers have questioned the degree to which it is indeed democratic. Despite such scepticism, Kuwait has undoubtedly taken some steps to promote democratization, including the introduction of the Constitution and Human Rights (CHR) module to the national curriculum to teach high students about civics, democracy and rights. While previous studies have explored the perspectives of Kuwaiti students and teachers towards democracy in general and the CHR in particular, the perspectives of Kuwaiti politicians have not been previously explored. To better understand their perspectives of and experiences towards democracy and education for democracy, this study employed a phenomenological approach involving 15-to-30-minute semi-structured interviews with five Kuwait politicians who have served as either Members of the Kuwaiti National Assembly or Ministers or both. The themes that emerged included Active Versus Passive Democracy, Homegrown Versus Imported Democracy, Culture and Democracy and Education for Democracy, which are discussed in greater detail in the article.
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Yom, Sean. "Roles, identity, and security: foreign policy contestation in monarchical Kuwait." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119880232.
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The 2011–2012 Arab Spring posed an existential threat to the Gulf Cooperation Council’s six monarchies. A major response was the 2012 GCC Internal Security Pact, an innovative project to enhance cross-border repression of domestic opposition and thus bolster collective security. Yet despite its historic weakness, ongoing domestic unrest, and initial enthusiasm for the agreement, Kuwait’s monarchy did not ultimately ratify the accord. Building on theories of foreign policy roles and identity, this article presents an ideational explanation for this puzzle. The Security Pact failed because it sparked identity contestation. For many Kuwaitis, the prospect of the Sabah monarchy imposing this scheme for greater repression was incompatible with the regime’s historical role of tolerating domestic pluralism and protecting Kuwait from foreign pressures. This role conception of a tolerant protector flowed from historical understandings and collective memory and was cognitively tied to a national self-conception of “Kuwaiti-ness.” The mobilizational scope and symbolic power of this popular opposition convinced the regime to acquiesce, despite possessing the strategic incentive and resources to impose the treaty by force. The Kuwaiti case therefore exemplifies how domestic contestation over regime identities and roles can constrain foreign policy behavior, even in authoritarian states facing severe crises of insecurity.
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El-Garem, H. H., and E. S. Ismail. "Preliminary Study of Effect of the Iraqi Invasion on Addictive Behaviour in Kuwait." Psychological Reports 79, no. 1 (August 1996): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.1.143.
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During the Iraqi invasion, Kuwait was flooded with alcoholic substances and drugs which, if used, could induce harmful radical changes in the personality and behaviour of Kuwaiti citizens (note Islam prohibits alcohol). After liberation aggressive behaviour prevailed among some Kuwaiti citizen groups, including addicts, as the government of Kuwait had not yet reestablished discipline and control over the citizens. Forensic cases of addicts referred to Kuwait Psychiatric Hospital before and after the invasion were examined. Marked differences were observed concerning age, education, occupation, marital status, addictive behaviour, crime committed, and place of referral and discharge.
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S. Al-Rashidi, Khaled. "The Decriminalization of Cartel Activity in Kuwait: A Regulatory Framework." World Competition 46, Issue 3 (September 1, 2023): 293–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2023016.
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The Kuwaiti policymaker has never overlooked the protection of market competition. Anticompetitive practices have always been a concern in Kuwait; from the Kuwaiti Constitution 1962, which allows a legal monopoly for a certain time, and the Commercial Law Act 68/1980, to the Competition Protection Acts (CPA) of 2007 and 2020. However, the legislative responses to anticompetitive behaviours in Kuwait have varied, with criminal prohibition being historically dominant. Recently, with the introduction of the CPA 2020, Kuwait has decriminalized cartel activity. Although it may have been expected that the criminal nature of cartel activity should have been maintained, the major shift in Kuwait was contrary to the global trend towards criminalization. Cartel activity is now being dealt with within a regulatory framework, with only administrative sanctions. This paper suggests that the decriminalization in Kuwait weakens the argument that the global trend towards criminalizing cartel activity has always been driven by a top-down process. This paper has three aims: the first is to explore this inadvertently ‘neglected’ research area in Kuwait; the second is to discuss why cartel activity has been decriminalized, with a focus on the problem of ‘moral ambiguity’ as an explanation; and the third is to argue for the re-criminalization of cartel activity. Competition, Cartel Activity, Decriminalization, Moral Ambiguity, Kuwait
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Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed, and David Lester. "The Kuwait University Anxiety Scale: A Cross-Cultural Evaluation in Kuwait and United States." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3_suppl (December 2003): 1109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1109.
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Kuwaiti ( n = 460) and American ( n = 273) college students responded to the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale in Arabic and English languages, respectively. Coefficients alpha were .93 and .95, while the item-remainder correlations ranged from .37 to .75 and from .33 to .81 for the Kuwaiti and American samples, respectively. Three factors were identified for the Kuwaiti sample: (1) Cognitive/Affective, (2) Somatic, and (3) Behavioral/Subjective Anxiety and two factors for the American sample: (1) Cognitive/Affective/Behavioral and (2) Somatic Anxiety. The Kuwaiti sample had significantly higher mean scores on 13 of the 20 items and on the total scale score than the American sample. Sex differences were significant in both countries. By and large, the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale seems viable in the American and Kuwaiti contexts.
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Bin Rashed, Fajer. "Shared Epiphanies of My Constantly Challenged Linguistic Membership." International Journal for Research in Education 47, no. 2 (July 23, 2023): 174–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.36771/ijre.47.7.23-pp174-222.
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The pluralization of English has enabled the use of its varieties in cultural contexts that are not traditionally associated with the language. Yet, the inequality of Englishes remains a main characteristic of globalizing and localizing the language. The spread of English use in Kuwait was a result of establishing reconfigured imperial relations during the British protectorate era. Mediated by language ideologies, the English language has ‘settled’ Kuwait’s local linguistic ecology, and its spread remains sustained by the imposition of colonial practices and ideologies through contemporary processes of capitalist globalization. I argue that the pluralization of English in Kuwait’s nuanced experience typifies a mechanism to (un)consciously enable globally-formed power relations between local ‘native’ and ‘nonnative’ speakers, rendering it unequal. In this article, I lay bare the impact of the phenomenon of Unequal Englishes on my life as a Kuwaiti English language teacher (KELT). Through writing two personal epiphanies, I conducted a critical autoethnographic study in response to my trajectory of English speaking and teaching. Anderson’s (1983, 2006) imagined community concept and Phillipson’s (1992) native speaker fallacy constituted the theoretical framework of the study, which ultimately explored the perpetuation of unequal power dynamics between ‘native’ and ‘nonnative’ English speaking teachers in Kuwait. Keywords: Unequal Englishes, power relations, Kuwait, KELT, imagined community, native-speakerism, autoethnography.
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Al-Muomen, Nujoud, Debora Shaw, and Michael Courtney. "“How will I know?” engagement with information resources." Library Review 65, no. 4/5 (July 4, 2016): 242–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-12-2015-0120.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare how undergraduates in Kuwait and Indiana Universities assess information resources for class assignments. Design/methodology/approach Social science majors at Kuwait University and Indiana University Bloomington completed the Project Information Literacy survey. Findings The students are comparable in how often they ask instructors or classmates for advice, but Kuwaitis are more likely to ask other people for assistance. Kuwaiti students generally are less critical in their evaluation of both library-based and web information resources but are more likely to consider librarian recommendations. Research limitations/implications Institution-specific factors that were not specifically addressed include the following: the survey was administered online in Indiana and on paper in Kuwait, and the types of course assignments and/or students’ information literacy instruction may also vary by institution. Practical implications Librarians should continue to present information clearly and use a variety of instructional methods so that material is accessible. Librarian recommendations and modeling of evaluative behavior can assist international students. Social media may be useful in working with these students’ more collaborative approach to assessing resources. Originality/value The work updates the 2010 Project Information Literacy survey on undergraduates’ evaluation of information resources for coursework. It also extends that survey to identify how students from Kuwait are different than USA undergraduates.
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Luciano, Pellegrino A., and Dana Al-Otaibi. "Kuwaiti Women with Deportable Families: Marginality, Intimacy and Labor." Practicing Anthropology 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552.39.1.29.
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This paper examines the experiences of Kuwaiti women married to foreigners. We analyze the gendered definitions of citizenship via an intimacy transformation, and assess the ensuing denial or access to rights and resources associated with the stigma attached to the tenuous migrant status of spouses and children. We describe gender and citizenship in Kuwait in the context of national dependency and control of foreign labor. The marginality of Kuwaiti women married to foreigners resonates with the way migrant labor is exploited and disciplined. The data presented is based on ethnographic research conducted in Kuwait and based on a content analysis of in-depth interviews with eleven Kuwaiti women married to non-Kuwaitis. In addition we analyze thirty structured interviews with Kuwaiti men and women expressing their views on mixed citizenship marriages. We also incorporate data from law and media representations. We argue that the struggle over the meaning and control of intimacy leading to marriage leaves women and their families vulnerable to deportation but also shows how the state is vulnerable to its own biopolitics of citizenship. Kuwaiti women married to foreigners stand out as “dually unruly” because as citizens, they challenge the male biased way the state creates subjects, and by law, their spouses and children are categorized as part of the large migrant work force seen as temporary and contingent to the labor needs of country.
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Tétreault, Mary Ann. "A STATE OF TWO MINDS: STATE CULTURES, WOMEN, AND POLITICS IN KUWAIT." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 2 (May 2001): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801002021.
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Kuwait, a small city-state on the Persian–Arabian Gulf, has undergone massive political, economic, and social development throughout the 20th century. In spite of this, Kuwaiti rulers continue to cherish what is perhaps an impossible dream: that Kuwait can be simultaneously a “developed” country and a “traditional” tribally organized social formation run by an autocratic ruler. This dream is echoed in equally ambivalent pronouncements and policies regarding women, not only by representatives of the state but also by Kuwaiti citizens. Should Kuwaiti women stand side by side with men in public life as half of a modern society, or should they be secluded, subjected by, and submissive to the men in their lives as local “tradition” demands? In this essay I argue that these two ambivalences are linked. Democratization of Kuwaiti political life has proceeded in fits and starts that parallel the uneven progress of democratization of gender relations in Kuwait. Perhaps in consequence, the politics of both kinds of democratization have become more closely linked.
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Albahar, Soad, Jing Li, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Ali Al-Hemoud, Janvier Gasana, Hassan Aldashti, and Barrak Alahmad. "Air Pollution and Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Kuwait: The Epidemiological Applicability of Predicted PM2.5 in Arid Regions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10 (May 15, 2022): 5998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105998.
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Dust is a major component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in arid regions; therefore, concentrations of this pollutant in countries such as Kuwait exceed air quality standards. There is limited understanding on the impact and burden of high PM2.5 concentrations on morbidity in these countries. In this study, we explore the association of PM2.5 and the risk of respiratory hospital admissions in Kuwait. A time-series regression model was used to investigate daily variations in respiratory admissions and PM2.5 concentrations from 2010 to 2018. Due to the lack of historical air quality sampling in Kuwait, we used estimated daily PM2.5 levels from a hybrid PM2.5 prediction model. Individual and cumulative lag effects of PM2.5 over a 5-day period were estimated using distributed lag linear models. Associations were stratified by sex, age, and nationality. There were 218,749 total respiratory admissions in Kuwait during the study period. Results indicate that for every 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, a 1.61% (95% CI = 0.87, 2.35%) increase in respiratory admissions followed over a 5-day cumulative lag. Our estimates show that a 10 μg/m3 reduction in average exposure will potentially avert 391 yearly respiratory admissions (95% CI = 211,571), with 265 fewer admissions among Kuwaitis (95% CI = 139,393) and 262 fewer admissions among children under 15 years of age (95% CI = 125,351). Different strata of the Kuwaiti population are vulnerable to respiratory hospitalization with short-term exposure to PM2.5, especially those under 15 years of age. The findings are informative for public health authorities in Kuwait and other dust-prone countries.
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SATTAR, Howra Abdul. "THE POSITION OF THE SOVIET UNION ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF KUWAIT IN 1961." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.5.
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Since the end of World War II, the Soviet Union has sought to find a foothold in the Middle East, as it was waiting for the opportunity to penetrate the Middle East, especially the Arab Gulf, which is of international strategic importance. The British were in the region, and at the same time, it did not want to disturb his relations with the United Arab Republic, which supported the independence of Kuwait and rejected Abdul Karim Qasim's position on Kuwait's annexation of Iraq. This research attempts to study the Soviet policy towards the independence of Kuwait and how the Soviet Union reconciled its good relationship with Iraq and Egypt, and its rejection of Kuwait's distinguished relations with Britain. Key words: Kuwait, The Soviet Union, Kuwait and Iraq, The Independence of Kuwait.
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Huwaidi, Nour. "THE ROLE OF THE CROWN PRINCE IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF KUWAIT." Journal of Social Political Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52166/jsps.v2i1.36.
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This paper aims to study and analyze the role of the Crown Prince in the political system of Kuwait. This paper used analytical and descriptive methods in analyzing the role of the Crown Prince in political system of Kuwait, and describing and analyzing the rules and methods and the duties related to choosing crown prince in Kuwait. The Kuwaiti constitution specified how to assume the position of crown prince, defined the duties of the crown prince, and linked the position of prime minister in the government to that of crown prince, until the position of Crown Prince was separated from the position on prime minister in 2003. The position of Crown Prince in Kuwait has played an important role since the issuance of the Kuwaiti Constitution in 1962, as the constitution specified how to assume the position of Crown Prince, the functions of the Crown Prince, and linking the position of Crown Prince to the position of Prime Minister until 2003, when the two positions were separated.
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Alkhulaifi, Fatema, Suad Al-Hooti, Sameer Al-Zenki, Husam AlOmirah, and Charles Darkoh. "Dietary Habits, Meal Timing, and Meal Frequency in Kuwaiti Adults: Analysis of the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance Data." Nutrients 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 4537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15214537.
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Dietary habits, including meal frequency, meal timing, and skipping meals, have been extensively studied due to their association with the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study describes dietary habits, meal timing, frequency, skipping meals, and late-night eating in Kuwaiti adults. Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System data were utilized to reach the objectives of this study. The findings reveal that approximately 54% of the adults in Kuwait eat after 10 p.m., 29% skip breakfast, and 9.8% skip dinner. Furthermore, adults in Kuwait consume 4.4 meals per day on average. Women skip breakfast more often and have more extended night fasting than men (p < 0.001). Married adults skip breakfast and dinner less than unmarried adults (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this descriptive study provides valuable insights into the dietary habits of Kuwaiti adults, emphasizing the importance of further investigating the association between meal timing, meal frequency, and the prevalence of NCDs in Kuwait.
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Al-Lahou, Badreya, Lynne M. Ausman, José L. Peñalvo, Gordon S. Huggins, and Fang Fang Zhang. "Cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet among Kuwaiti adults." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): e0279108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279108.
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Background Nutrition transition towards a Western diet is happening in parallel with the rapidly increasing rates of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in Kuwait. The cardiometabolic deaths attributable to poor diet have not been quantified among Kuwaiti adults. Methods Using a Comparative Risk Assessment model that incorporated dietary intake data from Kuwait’s first national nutrition survey, number of cardiometabolic deaths from the World Health Organization, and estimated associations of diet with cardiometabolic deaths from the Global Burden of Disease project, we estimated the number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal intake of 10 dietary factors among Kuwaiti adults ages 25+ years, and by population subgroups. Findings An estimated 1,308 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 1,228–1,485) cardiometabolic deaths were attributed to suboptimal diet, accounting for 64.7% (95% UI = 60.7%-73.4%) of all cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait in 2009. The low intake of nuts/seeds was associated with the highest estimated number and proportion of cardiometabolic deaths (n = 380, 18.8%), followed by high intake of sodium (n = 256, 12.6%), low intake of fruits (n = 250, 12.4%), low intake of vegetables (n = 236, 11.7%), low intake of whole grains (n = 201, 9.9%), and high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (n = 201, 9.9%). The estimated proportions of cardiometabolic deaths attributable to suboptimal diet were higher in men (67.7%) than women (57.8%) and in younger adults aged 25–34 years (84.5%) than older adults aged ≥55 years (55.6%). Conclusion Suboptimal dietary intake was associated with a very substantial proportion of cardiometabolic deaths among Kuwaiti adults in 2009, with young adults and men experiencing the largest proportion of diet-associated cardiometabolic deaths in Kuwait.
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Alanezi, Faisal, and Mishari Alfraih. "The Awareness of External Auditors and the Management of Kuwaiti Listed Companies on Determinants of Audit Fees: An Exploratory Study." International Journal of Business and Management 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p108.
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<p>This paper explored the factors that influence audit fees determinants in the Kuwait audit market. A questionnaire was distributed to a number of audit firms operating in the Kuwaiti market and Kuwaiti companies listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE). The results indicated that all factors show a Likert-scale score of greater than 2.5, suggesting that all the factors included in the questionnaire influence the audit fee determinants. Among the 25 factors included in this study, audit firm brand name, time spent completing a given job and auditors experience were the most important factors influencing audit fees determinants in the Kuwait audit market from audit firm and companies perspective. In contrast, company age, client company location and audit firm location were the least important factors influencing the determinants of audit fee in Kuwait from audit firm and companies perspectives. The results of the t-test revealed that there are significant differences in the mean ranking of some of the factors assumed to determinant the audit fee in Kuwait audit market between the two groups of respondents (audit firms and companies). The findings presented in this study may help professional accounting associations and both audit firms and companies to better understand the factors influencing audit fee determinants in Kuwait audit market.<strong></strong></p>
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Kapila, Kusum, Meera Balakrishnan, Rola H. Ali, Ahlam Al-Juwaiser, Sara S. George, and Mrinmay K. Mallik. "Interpreting a Diagnosis of Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Cervical Cytology and its Association with Human Papillomavirus." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): e318-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.04.007.
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Objectives: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) represent a diagnostic challenge during cervical cytology. This study aimed to review and identify high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes among previously diagnosed ASC-US cases in Kuwait. Methods: This retrospective study analysed 180 cases diagnosed as ASC-US between June 2017 and May 2018 at the Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, Kuwait. Cervical specimens were assayed to determine the presence of HR-HPV DNA; subsequently, positive cases underwent genotyping and were categorised into three groups (HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and other HR-HPV types). Results: In total, ASC-US was confirmed in only 105 cases (58.3%), with the remaining cases reclassified as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM; 32.2%) and epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA; 9.4%). Of these, HRHPV DNA was present in 20 ASC-US (19%), one NILM (1.7%) and six ECA (35.3%) cases. There were 62 Kuwaiti and 43 non-Kuwaiti women with confirmed ASC-US; of these, three (4.8%), six (9.7%) and four (6.5%) Kuwaitis and one (2.3%), one (2.3%) and five (11.6%) non-Kuwaitis had HPV 16, both HPV 16 and 18/45 and other HRHPV genotypes, respectively. Of those with HR-HPV DNA, the NILM case had the HPV 18/45 genotype, while the six ECA cases had the HPV 16 (n = 1), both HPV 16 and 18/45 (n = 1) and other HR-HPV (n = 4) genotypes. Conclusion: Overall, HR-HPV DNA was present in 19% of ASC-US cases compared to 1.7% of NILM cases initially misdiagnosed as ASC-US. Re-review of cervical cytology diagnoses may reduce unnecessary costs associated with HR-HPV genotyping.
Keywords: Cervical Smears; Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance; Human Papilloma Virus; Cytological Techniques; Papanicolaou Test; Kuwait.
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Al-Rifai, Nada Yousuf. "In Tribute to the Kuwaiti Poet Ali Al-Sabti." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.88.10634.
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This is a eulogy of the Kuwaiti poet and writer Ali Hussein Al-Sabti, who died at the age of 86. He was a prominent poet of Kuwait who contributed to the beginnings of the modern poetic movement in Kuwait, writing literary and social stories and articles subsequently published in Kuwaiti and Arab newspapers. He served as a member of the Writers Association and the Journalists Association and wrote for many Kuwaiti newspapers. He also won many awards and honors from authorities and institutions sponsoring poetry and literature, including the Abdulaziz Saud Al-Babtain Prize for Poetic Creativity. The National Council for Culture, Arts and Letters mourns this man who enjoyed a busy journey in literary and cultural work marked by elaborate poems and distinguished writings. The death of Al-Sabti, a great poet and writer, marks a loss for the cultural and literary movement in Kuwait.
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ساري فارس, أ. م. ناجي. "أهمية الاستثمار في الاقتصاد الكويتي." Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences 2022, no. 72 (March 1, 2022): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31272/ijes2022.72.2.
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There is no doubt that investment is important in the development and development of infrastructure, represented by various service facilities, power stations, water and sewage networks, and roads. Also, investment in the development of the industrial sector and the increase of sectoral interactions contribute to achieving human development and developing the skills of workers in the various economic sectors. Accordingly, the Kuwaiti economy is one of the most important economies in the regional region in the Middle East, as Kuwait is one of the oil-exporting countries. As the Kuwaiti economy enjoys many prominent components and factors that have contributed to attracting foreign direct investment. The reader should know that most of the natural and mineral resources that exist in Kuwait are exploited through investments, which are characterized by containing huge amounts of these resources, but most of these investments are focused on the oil sector. Therefore, investment contributes to the transfer and localization of advanced technology to Kuwait by attracting foreign investments, especially direct, which the Kuwaiti government seeks to encourage investors to invest through privileges and guarantees offered to investors, as well as the security and political stability that Kuwait enjoys. In addition to providing stimulating policies and procedures to advance the Kuwaiti economic reality. This is what makes the importance of investment in the development of the Kuwaiti economy, which depends in the characteristic of its economy on the export of crude oil.
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El-Shalakani, M. H. "Estimation of fertility and mortality of the Kuwaiti population." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 4 (October 1989): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018162.
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SummaryIndirect techniques are applied to estimate the current level of fertility and mortality among Kuwaiti nationals in Kuwait during 1980–85. The various methods discussed provide estimates in the vicinity of 45 per thousand for birth rate and 8 per thousand for death rate. While child spacing by birth order in Kuwait is about 2 years, the proportion of childlessness is very low (1%). As a consequence of lower mortality and stable high fertility, the Kuwaiti population remains young.
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Alhajri, Abdulrahman F. S. H. "Separation of Powers in the Kuwaiti Criminal Justice System: A Case Study." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4, no. 2 (July 24, 2018): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v4i2.p59-79.
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Discussions of the Separation of Powers (SOP) tend to be related to the administrative state, at the expense of the criminal state. This research addresses the question of separating powers within the criminal justice system of Kuwait, examining the function of this division and the structures that are designed to protect the rights of citizens. Despite being regulated according to democratic principles, the criminal justice system of Kuwait has been described as excessively controlled by executive bodies. Currently, there appears to be a lack of research explaining how numerous criminal justice bodies in Kuwait can effectively promote the principles of freedom, democracy, and equality before the law. The proposed research aims to provide insights into the SOP between institutions and to assess its effectiveness in addressing the principles stated in the Constitution of Kuwait. The origins of the modern Kuwaiti criminal justice system will also be explored, with a focus on British Jurisdiction (as a past influence) and French, Egyptian and Islamic law (as continuing influences). This development history makes Kuwait an excellent example of the diffusion of law, which, although it has been investigated widely, is still a topic of interest among modern researchers, alongside human rights and their protection through the criminal law system. This is one of the first studies to discuss the SOP in the Kuwaiti criminal justice system as a mixed phenomenon that can influence the protection of Kuwaiti citizens’ human rights at each stage of law enforcement and prosecution.
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Abuamer, Dr Fatena F. R. "The Environmental Index of Kuwait: Ways and Chances of Development." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 1862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19125.
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This research aims to identify factors affecting the Kuwait Environment Performance Index by identifying the most important environmental problems in Kuwait, identifying the Global Environmental Performance Index and identifying Kuwait's position in the 2020 Global Environmental Performance Index (GII) and studying the most important factors of improving the environmental performance index in Kuwait.
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Adel, Rahaf, and Ahmad Alqatan. "Gender employment discrimination: A comparison between the banking sectors of Kuwait and the United Kingdom." Corporate Board role duties and composition 15, no. 3 (2019): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv15i3art4.
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Current literature has not examined gender employment issues in Kuwait’s banking industry. This is a key knowledge gap as many women are entering the sector and might be facing discriminatory conducts in comparison to their male colleagues. The scarcity of available literature regarding the Kuwaiti banking sector and its equality practices calls for more research attention to detect discriminatory conducts and improve governmental legislation. This paper builds an international comparison between Kuwait and Britain’s established discrimination legislation. It uses a primary qualitative research method within two of Kuwait’s private banks to address the following questions: firstly, what is the nature of implemented gender equality policies and practices within the banks? This includes patterns of gender segregation, recruitment and selection processes, promotional opportunities and gender pay gaps. And secondly, how do Islamic and conventional banks differ with regards to their equality practices and gender career opportunities? The findings of the study were similar within both Islamic and conventional banks. Results indicated a strong prevalence within Kuwait of social and cultural factors, which shape gender roles and ideologies. Occupational gender segregation and thus pay inequalities were found to be a distinct feature of the sector in both countries. And this was linked to long working hours cultures, the unbalanced load of domestic and care burden between males and females, as well as discretionary managerial practices for selection, hiring and promotions. The paper highlights key areas of improvements with regards to equality practices and legislative policy planning in Kuwait.
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Almutairi, Abdulaziz, Nuhu Barhaim, and Andrew Fox. "A methodology of critical evaluation of the contract selection process used in the construction industry of Kuwait." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234705010.
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This paper investigates and critically evaluate the contract selection process employed in the construction industry of Kuwait. It will fully take into account the insights and opinions of engineers working on major construction projects in Kuwait. The different methods used to select the contract form in the Kuwaiti construction industry will be identified. Questionnaires, surveys and interviews will be used as a means of acquiring relevant information with regard to the country’s major construction industries, This information will be analysed in order to discover the best means to improve the existing system used in Kuwaiti construction contracts for the selection of contract forms and terms of payment which could be benefit by including steps to ensure that types of project delivery system and term of payment in the future construction projects in Kuwait.
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Wheeler, Deborah L. "MARY ANN TÉTREAULT, Stories of Democracy: Politics and Society in Contemporary Kuwait (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000). Pp. 318. $18.50 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (November 2001): 661–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801474071.
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In her pivotal work on Kuwaiti politics, Mary Ann Tétreault provides an “insider's guide” to the private and public spaces in which struggles over communal power are pursued by the government, the Parliament, and the people of Kuwait. Tétreault is careful to call her text “Stories of Democracy,” as she realizes the reflexive nature of what democracy means at different periods in history (before oil, after oil, under Iraqi occupation, in post-Liberation Kuwait); for different people in Kuwait (women, the merchants, government officials, tribal leaders, service politicians, opposition leaders); and in different contexts (the mosque, the diwaniyya or men's social club, the civic association, Parliament, the government). With this in mind, she argues that “democracy” is a “concept that ‘moves' depending on one's assumptions” (p. 3). Her basic message is that Kuwaiti politics resembles the politics of the Greek city-state, and she relies on various forms of Aristotelian comparison to explore this concept. Moreover, Tétreault illustrates that much of Kuwaiti politics resembles a high-stakes soap opera. For example, she calls the bad debt crisis “one of the longest running soap operas in Kuwaiti politics” (p. 164). In Chapter 4, she labels Kuwaiti politics “a family romance, whose grip on political actors constrains their choices” (p. 67). Toward the end of her text in chapter 8, Tétreault combines these metaphors when she observes that in the city-state that is Kuwait, politics are “the product of a domestic public life that seems all too often like life in a large and contentious family” (p. 206).
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Alawin, Mohammad, Anwar Al-Shriaan, and Ebrahim Merza. "The State of Competitiveness in Kuwait Banking Sector." Humanities and Social Sciences Letters 10, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/73.v10i4.3213.
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The aim of this study is to examine the competitiveness in the Kuwaiti banking sector for the period 2010 - 2020. The methodology of study assessed the degree of competition among nine national Kuwaiti banks using the Panzar and Rosse model, or the H statistic approach. The study assessed how close the banking sector in Kuwait is to perfect competition. It built a model for the revenues of the banking sector in Kuwait. The model considered various specifications that affect the banking sector’s performance like revenues, risk, deposits, and bank size. In addition, this study analyzed the major factors affecting this sector’s performance. Using the panel data methodology of estimation, the results revealed that the market structure for the banking sector in Kuwait is close to monopolistic competition. Though the banking sector in Kuwait is still in its development stages, the results provided a signal to policy makers regarding their policies. One main implication of the study is to keep strong competition among banks which requires maintaining the stability within the banking system.
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Gligorijević, Ivana R. "ARAPSKI ROMAN ALIJENACIJE: „BAMBUSOVA STABLjIKA“ SAUDA SANUSIJA." Nasledje Kragujevac XIX, no. 52 (2022): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2252.193g.
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This paper deals with the problem of alienation in Saud Alsanousi’s (Saud al-San‘ūsī, 1981) novel The Bamboo Stalk (Sāq al-bāmbū, 2012), which won the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (often referred to as the Arabic Booker) in 2013. With first-person narration, the novel tells a story about a half-Filipino, half-Kuwaiti teen who is struggling with his hybrid iden- tity. Set partly in the postcolonial Philippines, partly in oil-rich Kuwait, this novel depicts the main character’s quest for a place where he belongs. The Bamboo Stalk is a heartbreaking story about alienation, non-belonging, non-acceptance, identity, and „otherness”. Alsanousi portrays life in the multicultural society of Kuwait while shedding light on conservatism, dis- crimination, racism, and lack of human rights. Due to the high influx of foreign workers, huge socio-economic differences between people, and rigid social norms, Kuwait is the place where people often feel alienated, frustrated, and unable to fit in. The theme of alienated modern man has been common in contemporary Arabic fiction, and central to a vast number of literary studies. It is also one of the themes of the Kuwaiti literature, which is still very young. The Kuwaiti novel has not received the attention it deserves from Arabic literature scholars yet. We believe that The Bamboo Stalk is worth the attention because it contributes to the development of Kuwaiti novels both thematically and formally while exploring problems of different social groups in contemporary Kuwait.
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Alsarhan, Abdulwahab, Nayef Al-Shammari, and Mohammad Alenezi. "Testing the production efficiency of the investment sector in Kuwait using two-stage approach." Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 31, no. 2 (November 16, 2015): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeas-10-2014-0028.
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Purpose – Testing the efficiency in the economy has been highly pronounced since the financial crisis in 2008, as many countries have started to deregulate their economic sectors. The potential impact of testing efficiency is thus the key driver of world output and welfare. For this purpose, the main objective of the Capital Market Authority consists of more regulation of securities trading to boost economic efficiency. In particular, the purpose of this paper, is to examine the efficiency of 40 investment companies in Kuwait. In this study, the authors investigate the efficiency in the investment sector in Kuwait. Studying such a case is important for several reasons. First, the investment sector in Kuwait is affected by the World Trade Organization (WTO) conditions and regulations for more market liberalization. Second, most studies on efficiency have focussed on developed countries, such as those of Europe and the USA, with very few studies examining developing countries, such as Kuwait. Third, the study efficiency features is important in helping policy makers evaluate how the investment sector will be affected by increasing competition and then formulate policies that affect that sector and the economy as a whole. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, we use non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate investment companies’ efficiency in Kuwait. The authors test predictions of the model using yearly data for 2006-2010. In the analysis, the authors follow the two-stage approach suggested by Coelli et al. (1998). In the literature on DEA efficiency score measurement, this two-stage approach is the most prominent. This approach uses the efficiency score, measured by the DEA model, as the dependent variable in a regression model with explanatory variables that are supposed to capture the impact of external factors (Hahn, 2007). In the second stage, the authors used a Tobit model to investigate factors affecting the efficiency in the Kuwaiti investment sector. Findings – The findings of the second stage suggest that 2008-2010 had a negative impact on firms’ efficiency in Kuwait. The results confirm the substantial influence of the 2008 global financial crisis on the investment sector in Kuwait. In addition, the results show that factors affecting production efficiency in the investment sector in Kuwait include the total revenues, total assets, government participation, and Islamic firm dummy. These second-stage results are confirmed using different specifications of a fixed effect model, a random effects model, and a logit model. Originality/value – The results may be utilized by both monetary authorities and policy makers in establishing the general economic policy in the country. A number of policy implications may be derived from the estimates obtained in the current paper. First, the results show that the investment sector in Kuwait faced a sharp drop in its efficiency in 2008 due to the global financial crisis. This result tells us that there was a spillover effect of the global financial crisis in the Kuwaiti investment market, as companies in this market are highly vulnerable to global shocks. As a result, the investment sector needs to be regulated by, for example, encouraging more company mergers and acquisitions. Second, to meet the appropriate regulations in the investment sector in Kuwait, monetary authority in Kuwait should take into consideration the WTO conditions for more openness in the economic sector. Therefore, companies in the investment sector should be more efficient to compete with foreign investment companies that decide to enter into Kuwaiti market. Therefore, the need for regulations in the Kuwaiti investment sector is more necessary than before. Third, the study of efficiency features is important to help policy makers evaluate how the investment sector will be affected by increasing competition and then formulate policies that affect that sector and the economy as a whole. Furthermore, monetary policy can play an important role in influencing the efficiency in the investment sector. Therefore, the Central Bank of Kuwait should take a leading role in regulating abnormal financial activity in the Kuwaiti market.
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Mahmoud, Fadia, Fatema Habeeb, Nirmina Arifhodzic, David Haines, and Ladislav Novotny. "T Lymphocyte Activation Profiles in Peripheral Blood of Long-Versus Short-Term Residents of Kuwait: Comparison with Asthmatics." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 39, no. 11 (November 15, 2010): 854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v39n11p854.
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Introduction: During the Arabian Gulf Wars of 1991 and 2003, the resident population of Kuwait sustained heavy exposure to environmental toxicants introduced by military activities. No comprehensive studies have been conducted to assess how exposure to the wartime and postwar environment may have altered the fundamental patterns of immune reactivity among Kuwaitis in ways that affect pathogenesis of disease. This present study addresses this issue by characterising immunological features of asthma and allergies in a Kuwaiti population that is unique and possibly correlates with toxicant exposures. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five long-term residents of Kuwait afflicted with bronchial asthma concurrent with rhinitis; and 2 healthy control groups: 18 long-term residents and 10 newcomers to Kuwait were evaluated by 2- and 3-colour flow cytometry for peripheral blood T cell subpopulation frequencies. Results: Relative to healthy, long-term residents, significantly elevated frequencies of all activated cell phenotypes were observed in the blood of the asthmatic group (P <0.05 to P <0.001), except for CD8+HLA-DR+ cells and a presumed T-regulatory (Treg) subpopulation: CD4+CD25high. The asthmatic group was also observed to have larger populations of CD3+ (pan-T cells), CD4+ (T helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells), CD3+CD56 (NKT-like cells) and CD56+CD16+ (NK cells) compared to healthy long-term residents. Compared to healthy recent immigrants, the blood of long-term residents contained elevated levels of CD3+CD56+ (NK-like), CD4+CD45RA+/CD45RO+ (Naive-to-Memory Transitional), but lower CD4+CD25+high (Treg) (P <0.05). Conclusions: Elevated representation of natural killer (NKT)-like and memory phenotypes may predispose long-term residents towards enhanced susceptibility for airway disease; while at the same time, reducing representation of Treg cells which are protective against airway disease, and this may increase vulnerability to these syndromes among the residents of Kuwait. These results may provide insight into the features of immunopathogenesis of asthma and allergies in Kuwait that arise as a result of the special environment of the country. Key words: Asthma, Immune reactivity, Kuwait, Rhinitis, T cells
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Sharafuddin, Hassan A. "Economic Diversification in Kuwait Macroeconomic Implications." Journal of Sustainable Development 16, no. 6 (October 24, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v16n6p34.
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The extraction of oil remains the single dominant economic activity in Kuwait. While it has long been understood that economic diversification is needed to support a more stable economic base and a higher standard of living, this has been challenging in Kuwait and other GCC countries. The petroleum revenues of Kuwait cannot last forever, however public and private sector industry is nearly entirely dependent on this source of revenue. Various planning and projects have been undertaken as a means of achieving some measure of economic diversification. This paper undertakes an integrative review to synthesizing the measures undertaken in Kuwait towards the aim of economic diversification and evaluation of those projects, considering current evidence and frameworks. The study found that one area where the economic future needs of Kuwait and the cultural sensibility align is in small business ownership, and this in combination with the latent and undercapitalized, well-educated labor force presents many opportunities for growth, diversification, and innovation by providing for new opportunities for Kuwaiti citizens in Kuwait.
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Abul, Sadeq J. "The Dynamic Relationship Between Stock and Real Estate Prices in Kuwait." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 5 (April 7, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n5p30.
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This paper examines empirically the dynamic relationship existing between the stock and real estate markets in the State of Kuwait for the period from January 2007 to December 2017. The main features of the real estate market in Kuwait are reviewed, and two indices are constructed to measure the activity of the residential real estate (land and houses) and multi-apartment buildings in the Kuwaiti real-estate market. The empirical analysis employs the main proper tests, such as the Johansen (1998) cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). These two tests confirm the long- and short-term association between Kuwaiti stock prices and multi-apartment building prices only, while no evidence of such a relationship is found for the residential real estate (land and houses) prices. This paper extends the literature available on the emerging stock markets, as the Kuwaiti Stock Market is one of the oldest stock markets in the member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). In addition, the results obtained in this paper have useful implications for academics and policy-makers in Kuwait.
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Anezi, Rashid Hamad Al. "Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Kuwait." BCDR International Arbitration Review 1, Issue 1 (September 1, 2014): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bcdr2014007.
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Arbitration is a judicial act of a special nature wherein the arbitrator obtains his authority from the agreement of the parties. The benefits of such an alternative means of dispute settlement usually include cost savings, increased efficiency compared to court hearings, more control over the proceedings, and some degree of confidentiality with respect to pleadings and the award. Arbitration, whether local or foreign, is regulated in Kuwait by the Civil and Commercial Pleadings Law No. 38 of 1980. Under the Pleadings Law and the 1958 New York Convention, to which Kuwait is a party, a foreign arbitral award is enforced in Kuwait provided that certain conditions are met.The Pleadings Law follows an 'observation' approach rather than a 'revision' approach, which means that a Kuwaiti judge will not act like an appeals court judge but rather as an 'observer of conformity' of the award with Kuwaiti law and the New York Convention.
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Alshammari, Shahd. "Life Writing by Kuwaiti Women: Voice and Agency." IAFOR Journal of Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (September 16, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijcs.7.1.04.
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Life narratives are rare in the Gulf region due to many issues. Kuwait women’s writing about their lives, bodies, illnesses, and disabilities is almost unheard of. This article considers two texts by contemporary Kuwaiti women and situates their illness narratives within Kuwait’s social context. By writing about their illness and disability, the authors re-claim their voice and agency, writing their silenced bodies as Helene Cixous urges women to write through Écriture feminine. This article examines two texts from a comparative perspective, highlighting themes of disability, mental illness, and healing through writing.
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Ghabra, Shafeeq, and Tahani Alterkait. "Kuwait: The First Arab Gulf Constitutionalism." Al-Abhath 70, no. 1-2 (August 30, 2022): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18115586-70010103.
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This chapter provides a historical overview of Kuwait’s constitutional system. It begins by analysing the tradition of joint consultation in Kuwait before turning to three institutions that proved central to the formation of its contemporary constitutional system: the 1921 Shura Council, the 1938 Legislative Council, and the 1962 Constituent Council (the body that drafted Kuwait’s constitution). It relies on archival sources of the Kuwait National Assembly to bring to light the internal workings of the Constituent Council and the central discussions taking place within it, including over the role of Islamic law and democracy. The chapter explores recent pressures on the system, culminating in the 2011 Arab Spring protests and the subsequent ‘four votes five districts’ ruling by Kuwait’s Constitutional Court, in 2012. It explains how Kuwait’s hybrid system incorporates elements of monarchism and parliamentarianism, and makes the case for its continued reform to meet the democratic aspirations of the people of Kuwait.
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Chaziza, Mordechai. "China’s Strategic Partnership with Kuwait: New Opportunities for the Belt and Road Initiative." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 4 (July 19, 2020): 501–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798920940081.
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In July 2018, the Kuwaiti Emir made a state visit of great significance to China, as both countries agreed to establish a strategic partnership creating new opportunities for Kuwait, which aspires to diversify its economy and seek investment opportunities. This study investigates various aspects behind the establishment of this partnership and examines the synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Kuwait Vision 2035 (KV2035) to understand the extent of economic engagement and relationship between the two nations. However, despite the considerable increase in Chinese trade and investments in Kuwait, some significant internal obstacles and external challenges remain to the successful integration of KV2035 with the BRI.
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Raič, David. "The Gulf Crisis and the United Nations." Leiden Journal of International Law 4, no. 1 (April 1991): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500001862.
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1. INTRODUCTIONAs a result of the Iraq-Iran war, Iraq's economy has been exhausted. It had a foreign debt of nearly 80 billion dollars. Iraq apparently failed in its attempts to borrow in foreign capital markets the amounts for investment-in particular for the reparation and expansion of oil production capacity-which it needed to restore its economy. In June 1990, Iraq stated that Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates had undermined the Iraqi economy by persistently producing more than their OPEC quotas. On July 18, 1990, the Iraqi Minister of Foreign Affairs Tariq Aziz stated in the Arab League that Kuwait had stolen Iraqi oil worth 2.4 billion dollars from the Rumaila Oilfield and that Kuwait had built military installations on Iraqi territory. The President of Egypt, Mubarak, then stated that Iraq and Kuwait would negotiate in Jeddah about the Iraqi claim. At the OPEC conference in Geneva on July 26, the minimum reference price was raised to $21.0/b. This despite Iraq's pressure to raise it to $25.0/b. Iraq then warned Kuwait that it had legitimate and historical rights in respect of the Rumaila Oilfield and two islands in the Persian Gulf. On August 1 it turned out that the negotiations in Jeddah had failed. Kuwait stated that it had refused to cede territory. On August 2 Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait. Because of the small capacity of the Kuwaiti army to offer resistance, Kuwait was occupied by Iraq in a very short time.
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Almujamed, Hesham I., Suzanne G. M. Fifield, and David M. Power. "Share Valuation Methods And Data Source-Based Accounting In An Emerging Stock Market: The Case Of The Kuwaiti Stock Market." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2012): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i7.7059.
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This paper uses a questionnaire survey to investigate share valuation methods and the sources of information employed by Kuwaiti investors; it compares the appraisal techniques and the sources of information employed by Kuwaiti investors to those used in other developed and emerging stock markets. The findings suggest that Kuwaiti investors behave like their counterparts in other stock markets; fundamental analysis is the main appraisal technique used by investors; technical analysis and risk analysis are ranked second and third, respectively. However, the usage of technical and risk analysis is much higher in Kuwait. Further, quarterly and annual corporate reports as well as newspapers, the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) website, and charts are commonly studied by investors when valuing Kuwaiti shares. By contrast, communication with company management is not common since executives are usually unwilling to discuss their firm's performance with investors.
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Nithyanandan, Manickam, Manal Al-Kandari, and Gopikrishna Mantha. "New records of nudibranchs and a cephalaspid from Kuwait, northwestern Arabian Gulf (Mollusca, Heterobranchia)." ZooKeys 1048 (July 13, 2021): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1048.66250.
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In this study five new records and two probably undescribed species of heterobranch sea slugs placed in four genera, three families, and two orders are reported from Kuwait, northwestern Arabian / Persian Gulf with details and photographs. The present study increases the heterobranch diversity in Kuwaiti waters from 35 to 40 species. The range of habitats in Kuwait provides a vital opportunity for further investigation to understand the actual faunal diversity.
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Adžić, Slobodan, and Shihanah Almutairi. "Paternalistic leadership in Kuwaiti business environment: Culturally endorsed, but largely ineffective." Industrija 49, no. 1 (2021): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/industrija49-30984.
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There is an assumption from the reviewed literature that Paternalistic Leadership (PL) is culturally endorsed as a leadership style in Kuwait. With many diverse perspectives on the effectiveness of paternalistic leadership, the research objectives of the current research are threefold. First, to examine if PL is recognized as a leadership style in Kuwait organizations, second, to test the effectiveness of that style if present, and third, to identify the specifics of the Kuwaiti leadership practice. The findings lead to the conclusion that PL is present in Kuwaiti leadership practices, culturally is endorsed, but otherwise is considered as an ineffective leadership style because of the influence of wasta.
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Alshatti, Abdullatif, and Fatma Jamali. "Can Language Show-off Promote Social Status and Solidarity? An Explanatory Study of the Cognitive Attitudes of Kuwaitis towards Arabic-English Code-switching in Kuwaiti Social Domains." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n2p187.
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The omnipresence of Arabic-English code-switching in Kuwaiti social contexts is unequivocal. Several studies have indicated that the motivation behind deploying such linguistic variety is to promote social status and solidarity. This study examines whether adopting such linguistic variety in Kuwaiti social domains meets code-switchers’ expectations by characterizing and positioning them in the desired social category. By using a verbal-guise test, the study investigates the cognitive attitudes of 92 Kuwaitis towards Arabic-English code-switching through examining dimensions of status (class, education, intelligence) and solidarity (showing-off, attractiveness, sociability). A paired t-test has shown that Kuwaitis attitudes are in favour of English-Arabic code-switching. In complete contrast with other studies, a one-way ANOVA has revealed that older generations are more in favour of code-switching over the younger ones. Additionally, the results suggest that females are less in favour of Arabic-English code-switching than males, and their positive ratings for Kuwaiti Arabic are significantly higher. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research that would help in researching language attitudes and variation in Kuwait.