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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Kvalita materiálů'
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Kubín, Matěj. "Obrábění těžkoobrobitelných materiálů pomocí vodního paprsku s abrazivem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402519.
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The diploma thesis deals with unconventional technology of material separation by water jet with abrasive. It describes the influence and specification of technological parameters of the water jet on the quality of the cutting surface. The work contains an experiment, where the aim was to achieve from the theory the influence of tech-nological parameters on surface roughness on composite materials from glass fiber and carbon fiber.
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Nečasová, Barbora. "Adheze lepených spojů fasádních obkladů z materiálů na bázi dřeva." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401594.
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The presented dissertation thesis is focused on investigating the adhesive properties of façade cladding made of wood and wood-based materials in combination with flexible adhesion/assembly systems. The systems allow the implementation of effective construction joints and provide a solution with uniform stress distribution which allows the transfer of heavy loads, while simultaneously reducing the weight of the entire structure, which is also often connected with substantial cost reductions. Despite all that, little attention has been paid to this area so far. It is not a solution which is properly embodied in technical standards or in designers´, architects´ and contractors´ awarenesses. The aim of this dissertation is to characterise adhesive properties of selected façade cladding representatives made of wood and wood-based materials for the purposes of bonded joint application in a ventilated façade system. To define adhesion of façade joints, numerical and experimental methods are used, taking also various limit conditions into account. The main conclusion of the dissertation is the characterisation of basic parameters which influence adhesion, effectiveness and quality of façade glued joints. The secondary conclusion is the compilation of a simple methodical procedure for testing and implementing façade glued joints. The dissertation also makes a contribution by extending the current state of knowledge of façade adhesive joints.
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Tonkovič, Miroslav. "Analýza materiálu pro laserového řezání." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231507.
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This thesis deals with laser cutting of metal sheets from selected steel producers. The basics of laser technologies, especially in industrial use, are described in the introductory part. There the material requirements are described from the point of view of laser cutting. The comparison of materials from different steel producers is made from different angles in the practical part. The conclusion is dedicated to the evaluation of achieved results.
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Černá, Eva. "Ověření vlivu složení betonů na životnost cementobetonových krytů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371844.
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Alcali – silica reaction often causes destruction of a concrete.constructions. In the theoretical part is described creation and causes of the ASR including assessment of individual components of concrete and their testing. The practical part is devoted to the results of some control tests of the concrete cover in the section 18 of the highway D1 (Měřín - Velké Meziříčí) and section D1-20 (Velké Meziříčí - Lhotka), the mechanical properties of the upper and the lower layer of the concrete cover and measuring the resistance of concrete against chemical deicing agents.
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Mammetti, Jitka. "Způsoby ocenění nemovitostí v Itálii se zaměřením na nemovitost typu byt." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232590.
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This Master´s thesis is engaged in the property valuation in Italy. In particular, summarizes the most common method of market valuation property type apartment. There are explained basic valuation methods and thein use in actual practice. The Master´s thesis also described the current situation of the Italian property market. This Master´s thesis also offers the possibility of using some of the knowledges of the property valuation in Italy for the property valuation in the Czech Republic. The main target of the Master´s thesis is the description of methods and procedures for property valuation used in Italy. Mentioned knowledges are applied on the current apartment valuation at the end of this Master´s thesis.
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Ondryášová, Veronika. "Vliv vlastností vstupních materiálů na kvalitu architektonických betonů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-371936.
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This diploma thesis focuses on the influence of properties of feedstocks for the production of quality surfaces of architectural concrete. The introductory part describes the definition of architectural concrete with the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. In the following chapters, the characteristics, the dosage or the chemical composition of the input materials are given. Besides the design of the mixture, important parameters for the creation of a quality surface of concrete are compaction, precise placement in formwork and subsequent treatment of the surface. Individual types of architectural concrete, their method of production with the examples belonging to concrete constructions are also given. In the practical part, 4 mixtures were designed, whose type or dosage of feedstocks was changed. In creating mixtures, emphasis was placed on minimal segregation of fresh concrete and the formation of pores on the surface of hardened concrete.
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Semotam, Zbyněk. "Analýza vlivu procesu ochlazování na kvalitu proteického gelu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228731.
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This diploma thesis deals to possibilities lead chilling process with material loss of product and divine to possibilities lead texture final product with chilling process. This work will be base of project for realization chilling tunnel to flow line of proteinic gel.
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Mlynářová, Jana. "Vývoj izolačních materiálů na bázi druhotných textilních vláken nižší kvality." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433614.
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This diploma thesis is focused on a suitable midification of acoustic and thermal insulation materials from recycled textile fibres of lower quality due to improvement of their reaction to fire. The aim is to find an effective flame retardant and to verify suitable method of flame retardant application onto this type of insulation material.
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Jindra, Jakub. "Optimalizace parametrů laserového zařízení v závislosti na druhu obráběného materiálu." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258014.
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The subject of this diploma thesis is the use of a laser device focused on quality of a cut. It examines and compares the various intensity settings and motion speed of the laser. Optimal settings is thus determined for assorted kinds of solid wood, wood-based materials and other non-wooden materials.
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Vychopeň, Petr. "Hodnocení kvality nerezového vlnovce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241208.
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Stainless corrugated tubes are used in many applications, mainly in automotive industry, distribution of various media, ventilation etc. The first part of the thesis is focused on description of the corrugated tube, identification of differences between corrugated pipe and hose, recommended materials for production and characterization of main technical parameters. The general production process of stainless corrugated tubes and the most common tests of mechanical properties are described. The second part of the thesis is focused on the comparison of the level of quality of the selected raw materials and evaluates the impact of partially degraded tools on the surface texture of the corrugated tube. The last part presents the results of measurements and practical recommendations.
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Siclon, Léonard. "Zvýšení produktivity a kvality vybraných vyráběných dílů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229846.
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This document is about the work conducted during four months in the company Poclain Hydraulics. The aim was to improve the productivity of the turning operation on the cams MK04, in a factory environment but with the support of a laboratory. Was also in mind to improve the quality of the part and diminish or eliminate the unbroken chips. In that purpose the trajectories have been analyzed and modified, the cutting conditions studied and adapted, some tool changed, etc. The final result was an improvement of productivity to 140%, an amelioration of the chip breaking and of the part’s quality, leading to significant savings on the process.
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Král, Zdeněk. "Nasazení nekonvenční technologie řezání laserem do technologického procesu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228637.
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Applycation of laser beam technology to technological process. The kinds of laser dividing, its safety and arrangement. Technology-economical advantage in production of aluminium table. Description of laser machine and workshop and whole company.
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Maňas, Petr. "Studium kvality řezu mezních tlouštěk oxidačního řezání v závislosti na průměru ohniskového spotu při laserovém dělení materiálu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241916.
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Experimental work evaluated the dependence of the thickness of the cutting edge, its roughness and assessment of appearance with regard to the defects resulting from the diameter of the focal spot during oxidative cutting Yb:YAG laser. Other variables include the experiment: process parameters such as laser power, cutting speed, oxygen pressure and focus position. Experiment is based on the Taguchi tables. Test samples were cut off from sheet thickness 10, 15 and 20 mm. Representatives of conventional steel were S235JRC+N, S235JR, S235JR+N and steel type RAEX developed for laser and plasma cutting. Samples were evaluated according to the ČSN EN ISO 9013. The evaluation of samples was into classes according to standards of quality. Hardness measurements were performed on the samples thickness 20 mm of convectional steel and steel type RAEX.
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Karlsson, Hampus, and Anton Karlsson. "Konceptutveckling av en caterpillar med inriktning på kvalitet : En utvecklingsprocess." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14996.
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When transporting a sea cable, what is commonly called a caterpillar is used, but the most common said is a cable tensioner. These machines can be found in a flurry of different variants, where there are a multitude of competitors, which applies demands to having an extremely distinctive machine. Therefore from a market analysis it have been identified that a lack of quality regarding the machines are a factor. A poor quality shortage that usually occurs in hard weather conditions, but this is something that should not happen as it may lead to machine breakdown. Semcon AB in Karlskrona constructs and then collaborates with Ronneby Svets & Smide, who manufacture cable carousels, armrests and other equipment for the cable industry but not the cable tensioner that are ordered separately by external companies. This is the background to why the project is created because Semcon sees a need to eliminate this bottleneck and also expand their product portfolio for customer recovery. The aim it therefore, together with Semcon, develop a new concept for a completely new cable tensioner with given preferences, rough drawing and selection of qualitative features for the machine in order to be competitive with its future overall solution for the cable industry. To find a solution to the described problem, a product development process has been followed to establish structure. The process include a planning, concept development, design and detailed development phase. From the first phase, a wide understanding of how the complex machine works and where its deficiencies may be. Even hidden customer needs in form of interviews with cable manufacturers in Karlskrona and with industries that handle sea cable were conducted to get a broader spectrum. The needs are transformed into specifications to generate concepts based on the rankings of the measurably formulated specifications. Followed up by an evaluation where the best concepts were taken to the design phase and detailed development. All design calculations have been made, either by hand or with computer-based programs. The work has resulted in an innovative concept of a whole cable tensioner with all key components, rough drawing, together with a new thinking solution regarding the contact face between the cable and the machine, developed through experiments and theory studies. As this project is very broad, the overall project has been divided into two master thesis works and all electronics are handles by an electrical/automation company. Therefore, for a broader understanding and information about functionality, reference is made to the second project “Konceptutveckling kring funktionerna hos en kabeldragare” authored by Anton Hansson. It is extremely important to mention that the outcome of this project is intended to be a concept for a new innovative cable tensioner. This means that with future work on the concept, which includes continued depth of calculation and further contact with suppliers, can provide an opportunity to manufacture the generated concept. Another development area Semcon must proceed with is to review the safety routines of the machine. The authors of this report believe that a highly competitive solution has been presented, and that work contributes to a strong foundation for the development of transporting sea cable technology in the future with the help of this innovative concept.
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Wahlström, Lii. "Undersökning av kunskaper och förslag till en utbildning i kvalitet på Sandvik." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31836.
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Ederyd, Marcus, and Kristjan Hannesson. "Sandvik Hard Materials leverantörsrelationer : - En fallstudie om relationer och outsourcing." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127066.
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Selander, Christopher. "Development of embedded devices for automated acoustic resonance analysis in material quality classification." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Signaler och System, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-234401.
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In this report we investigate whether an embedded system can be used to determine materials quality by analysing the acoustic resonance frequencies. Through experiments the necessary specifications are established and suitable circuits constructed. Signal analysis is performed by a FFT-based algorithm. We have verified that the system is succesful in detecting the five strongest resonance frequencies and list these in order of amplitude. By using embedded devices, it's possible to lower the cost of purchase as well as power consumption dramatically compared to alternative solutions.I denna rapport undersöker vi hurvida ett inbyggt system kan användas för att bestämma materialkvalité genom analys av akustiska resonansfrekvenser. Genom experiment fastställs de specifikationer systemet måste ha, varefter lämpliga kretsar konstrueras. Med hjälp av en FFT-baserad algoritm utförs viss signalanalys. Vi har verifierat att systemet framgångsrikt kan detektera de fem starkaste resonansfrekvenserna och lista dessa efter amplitud. Genom användandet av inbyggda system kan energiförbrukningen och inköpskostnaden bli mycket lägre än alternativa lösningar.
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Fridlund, Oliwia, and Gyllstad Elin Bjärkeblad. "Återvunnet och Återspunnet : En jämförande studie om återspunna polyesterfibrer kan uppnå likvärdig kvalitetsom nyproducerade polyesterfibrer." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-537.
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En del företag har tagit de stora miljöproblemen inom textilproduktion på större allvar än andra, vilket har lett till att de börjat ta tillvara på gammalt material. Återvinning utav gamla material är i fokus för många utredningar. Företag vill, och försöker att hitta alternativ för att öka andelen återvunna fibrer i sina material, men dock bara så länge som kvaliteten är likvärdig som ett material med enbart nyproducerade fibrer. Hur stor är skillnaden då? Hur hållbart är ett plagg där materialet är tillverkat med delar av återspunna fibrer och skulle det kunna konkurrera med ett plagg tillverkat i ett material med enbart nyproducerade fibrer? Syftet med denna uppsats är att experimentellt jämföra om ett textilt återvunnet vävt material i blandningen viskos, elastan och återspunnen polyester kan uppnå likvärdig kvalitet som ett textilt vävt material i viskos, elastan och nyproducerad polyester. Metoden som användes för att fastställa uppsatsens resultat var en kvantitativ experimentell jämförande studie där två material testades enligt fyra olika standarder; bestämning av dimensionsändring vid tvätt 30°C och torkning, bestämning av dimensionsändring vid ångstrykning 115°C, bestämning av tygs benägenhet att bilda ytludd och noppor samt bestämning av tygers nötningshärdighet - bestämning av brott. Resultatet som uppsatsens författare fick fram är att ett textilt vävt material innehållande återspunna fibrer har lika bra förutsättningar som ett material med enbart nyproducerade fibrer för att användas vid tillverkning av basplagg med lång livslängd.
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Petersson, Erica, and Andrea Kutchoukov. "För det tredje syskonet : Simulerad användning av trikåkvaliteter med eller utan tryck i olika konstruktion och material." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26452.
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En textilprodukts livscykel innefattar flera steg av resursintensiva och förorenade processer som ger ett avtryck på miljö, från råvaruutvinning till avfalls-hantering. För att minska textilindustrins klimatpåverkan krävs det att plaggen användas under en längre tid för att minska konsumtionen. Därför bör pro-dukter av hög kvalitet tillverkas för att öka livslängden i användningsfasen, plagget kan därmed återanvändas och ärvas av det tredje syskonet. Detta examensarbete har gått ut på att identifiera nuvarande status på barnkläders tygkvalitet för att utforska möjligheterna till förlängd livslängd. En jämförelse mellan tre tygkvaliteter vid namn Joco 15, Joco 16 och Joco 113 har genomförts genom simulerad användning för att hitta förbättringsförslag. Kvaliteterna är av olika komponentkombinationer i form av fiberinnehåll och bindning. Olika färger och tryck var även en del av jämförelsen. En litteraturstudie genomfördes för att få förståelse kring ett plaggs livscykel samt information om de olika tygkvaliteternas material och bindningar. Tyg kvalitéernas garnkonstruktion analyserades i syfte för jämförelse. Utifrån identifiering av de fysiska parametrarna i de olika produktgrupperna, ”baby”, ”small kids” och ”school kids”, valdes det olika testmetoderna som genom-förts under arbetet. För effektivisering av arbetet utfördes förtester av plaggen inom tygkvaliteterna genom att eliminera plagg som beter sig lika. För att för-enkla arbetsprocessen utfördes förtester för att eliminera plagg som uppgav samma resultat vid testning, och utifrån det kunna anta att dom beter sig lika. Plaggen som gick vidare till huvudtesterna testades för färgförändring, dimensionsändring och färghärdighet mot gnidning efter tvätt och torkning. Tygets förmåga att stå emot nötning och bilda ytludd testades också. Utifrån resultatet kan författarna med hjälp av litteratur och analys föreslå för-bättringar där vissa bör vidare undersökas och där andra är mer tillförlitliga. En slutsats av arbetet är att det går att se skillnad mellan mörkt färgade plagg med tryck och ljust färgade plagg med tryck, där mörka plaggen får sämst resultat ur ett kvalitetsperspektiv. Elastan kan vara till fördel vid slitage av nötning med sin förmåga att öka tygets densitet, men däremot vara en nackdel vid krympning. Typ av slitage och vad för typ av plagg är därför viktigt att ha i åtanke vid utformning av plagget. Ett förslag som skulle underlättat vidare testning är att utforma tygspecifikationer där information kring tygets fram-tagningsmetoder och processer för respektive tygkvalitet. Om detta är sam-manställda innan testning kan man lättare dra slutsatser kring vad som bör förbättras i kvaliteten.The life cycle of a textile product includes several steps of intensive resource processes leaving a polluting impact on the environment, starting from raw material extraction to waste disposal. In order to reduce the climate impact from the textile industry, it is required to extend the garments period of use to determine consumption. Therefore, high quality products should be manufactured to increase longevity in the use-phase so the garment can be reused and inherited by generations. This thesis has focused on identifying the status of children´s fabric quality in order to explore the possibilities for extended longevity. Comparison between three fabric qualities named Joco 15, Joco 16 and Joco 113 has been tested though simulated use to find suggestions for improvement. The qualities are made of different component combinations in form of fiber content and bindings. Different colors and prints were also a part of the comparison. A literature study was conducted to gain understanding of a garment’s lifecycle as well as information about the materials and bindings of the different fabric qualities. The yarn construction of the different fabric qualities was analyzed for comparison purpose. Based on identification of the physical parameters in the different product groups, “baby”, “small kids” and “schoolkids”, test methods were chosen and implanted during this study. To make the work more efficient pre-tests of the garments were performed within the fabric qualities by eliminating garments that behave the same. Moving on to the main tests, the different qualities were tested for color change, dimension change and color fastness against rubbing after washing and drying. The ability of the fabric to withstand abrasion and pilling was also tested. Based on the results, the authors can, with the help of literature and analysis of the results, suggest improvements where some should be further investigated and where others are more reliable. One conclusion of the work is that it is possible to see the difference between dark-colored garments with print and light-colored garments with print, where dark garments get the worst results from a quality perspective. The elastane can be advantageous in the case of wear of abrasion with its ability to increase the density of the fabric, but on the other hand be a disadvantage in the event of shrinkage. The type of wear the garment will be exposed to is therefore important to keep in mind when designing the product. One proposal that would facilitate further testing is to design fabric specifications where information about the fabric's production methods and processes are compiled for each fabric quality. Thereby it will simplify making conclusions about what should be improved in quality.
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Hosseini, Ehsan, and Jonas Backsten. "Model for evaluating materials supply methods to assembly stations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik, TEK, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13634.
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The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model that is going to be used when wanting to cost-effectively improve the productivity of material supply to assembly with consideration to improve ergonomics and quality of semi-finished products. For this approach a case company’s material supply and assembly station have been studied. By utilising interviews, observations, time measurements and the company’s archival records relevant data have been gathered to review the company’s current materials supply method and assembly station in order to compare it with new possible materials supply methods. A cost break down structure was made in order to identify the different cost drivers for the different materials supply methods. This facilitated the time measurements since they pointed out which operations/activities that should be studied. There were two main types of materials supply methods used in the comparisons, which were line stocking and materials kitting. Line stocking was the first alternative since it was their current material supply method. In materials kitting, the new material supply method, there was two sub types examined, kit carriers and kits in pallets. The conclusion was that that the kit carriers made it possible to improve the labour productivity of one assembly station and at the same time being cost-effective. The kit carriers did also improve the ergonomics for the assembler, but on the contrary worsened the ergonomics for the material handlers. It was also perceived by the assemblers and materials handlers that the quality of the materials was improved when using the kit carriers.Syftet med det här examensarbetet är att utveckla en modell som kommer att användas när man kostnadseffektivt vill förbättra produktiviteten av materialförsörjningen till montering med hänsyn till att förbättra ergonomin och kvaliteten på halvfabrikats produkter. För denna uppgift har ett fallföretags materialförsörjning och en monteringsstation blivit studerade. Genom att använda intervjuer, observationer, tidmätningar och företagsdokument så har relevant data samlats in for att undersöka företagets nuvarande materialförsörjningsmetod och monteringsstation för att kunna jämföra de mot nya möjliga materialförsörjningsmetoder. Ett kostnadsstrukturträd gjordes för att kunna identifiera de kostnadsdrivare för de olika materialförsörjningsmetoderna. Detta underlättade tidmätningarna eftersom de pekade ut vilka operationer/aktiviteter som borde bli studerade. Det var två huvudsakliga materialförsörjningsmetoder som användes i jämförelserna, vilka var linje lagring och kittning av material. Linje lagring var det första alternativet eftersom det var deras nuvarande materialförsörjningsmetod. I kittningen av material, som var det nya alternativet, så var det två subtyper undersökta, kitvagnar och kit i pall. Slutsatsen var att kitvagnarna gjorde det möjligt att förbättra arbetsproduktiviteten i en monteringsstation samtidigt som den var kostnadseffektiv. Kitvagnarna förbättrade även ergonomin för montören men däremot försämrade den ergonomin för materialhanterarna. Det upplevdes också av montörerna och materialhanterarna att kvalitén av materialen förbättrades när kitvagnarna användes.
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Šebela, Pavel. "Aplikace nekonvenčních paprskových technologií(LASER/plazma)ve strojírenství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228098.
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The description and characteristic of the material cutting process technology by means of laser and plasma beams. The safety of both technologies. Technical-economic comparison of both material cutting methods. The evaluation of the cutting quality according to ČSN EN ISO 9013 Standard.
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Naccache, Fadi Antoine. "Internationell Upphandling av Byggmaterial : En studie över materialimportens potentiella tillämpning hos medelstora och stora byggentreprenörer." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-22041.
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High housing- and construction costs is a fact in Sweden today. Prices on building materials more rapidly than producer price index for industrial goods. Prices tend to rise during market boom but does not adapt during diminishing demand. The effects of fading demand can rather be deduced through discounts and quotations. During 1992-1998 when the Swedish construction sector found it self in severe crisis the prices of construction materials kept rising more rapidly than PPI for industrial merchandise. The development of cost for construction materials has been significant. Subsequently, report published by the building commission 2002:115 presents that the market structure of the Swedish supply market of construction materials often can be likened with oligopoly. Since 1994 to 2006 the cost of production for one square meter building area has practically doubled. The cost of production for apartment buildings from 1996 to 2001 was just about 50 % while at the same time the inflation was only 4,3 % according to SCB. This report primarily intends to study the possibilities and actions necessary to increase the use of foreign suppliers of construction materials at the larger construction contractors. The survey shows that the use of foreign suppliers is highly limited at 46 of the 50 largest building companies in Sweden. Results show that 90 % of the respondents has had totally 5 or less purchases from foreign sellers during 2012 till April 2013. At the same time the report shows that international trade frequently has a positive competition effect on the Swedish supplier market. Leading actors in international trade of construction goods states that they have succeeded in breaking the interacting price controlling at the Swedish suppliers of construction materials. The study further shows that knowledge and competence within the companies is missing in order to obtain a successful international procurement. The person accountable of purchases in the companies emphasizes that more resources within the business is fundamental to incept such a purchasing method. The survey confirms that a service that offers knowledge and information about foreign suppliers would ease the international purchases for Swedish contractors.
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Bevin, Emma, and Matilda Björklund. "Sample quality effects of laser cutting : An empirical study on the heat affected zone and the surface quality in laser cut samples." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-277878.
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This study has been conducted with the aim to examine the extent of the heat affected zone in order to use laser cutting when making samples for tensile testing. When cutting with a laser the material absorbs heat energy from the laser beams which causes changes in the microstructure. The heat affected zone affects the properties of the materials, lowering the accuracy of the tensile test. Therefore, it is desired to know the extent of the heat affected zone in order to remove it before tensile testing. In this study two materials were used, the high strength steel Docol 1000DP and the duplex stainless steel LDX 2101. The materials were cut in the shape of dog bones for tensile testing using two different laser powers, 2500 W and 3500 W. The samples were cut with different cutting speeds, starting at lower cutting speed, increasing until the laser was unable to cut through. Thereafter, the heat affected zone, and the surface quality was examined. The results from this study showed that the heat affected zone decreases with increased cutting speed. When cutting with high cutting speeds in Docol 1000DP it is enough to turn away 0.30 mm in order to remove the heat affected zone with margin. Negligible difference in heat affected zone was observed between the samples cut with 2500 W and 3500 W. The heat affected zone in LDX 2101 was very small, in order of 50 μm, making it hard to measure. This resulted in no exact measurements being made. However, the heat affected zone was in the order of 50 μm for all samples, concluding that turning away 0.15 mm is sufficient to remove the heat affected zone with margin. No difference could be observed between the samples cut with a laser power of 2500 W or 3500 W. Common to both materials is that the amount of dross decreases with increased cutting speed.Denna studie har utförts i syfte att undersöka utsträckningen av den värmepåverkade zonen för att kunna använda laserskärning för att skära prover till dragprovning. Ett problem med laserskärning är att metaller absorberar värmeenergin, vilket orsakar förändringar i mikrostrukturen. Denna värmepåverkade zon bör minimeras och avlägsnas från metallen, då det minskar kvalitén på proverna samt på dragprovningen. I denna studie har två material undersökts, det höghållfasta stålet Docol 1000DP och det duplexa rostfria stålet LDX 2101. Stålen skars ut i form av hundben för dragprovning med två olika effekter på lasern 2500 W och 3500 W. Proverna skars ut med olika skärhastigheter, började med lägre hastigheter och ökade sedan tills lasern inte längre kunde skära igenom materialet. Därefter undersöktes både den värmepåverkade zonen och kvaliteten på skärytan. Resultaten från denna studie visade att den värmepåverkade zonen minskar med ökad skärhastighet. Vid skärning i Docol 1000DP med höga skärhastigheter räcker det att avlägsna 0,30 mm för att ta bort den värmepåverkade zonen med marginal. Ingen skillnad i värmepåverkad zon observerades mellan proverna skurna med 2500 W och 3500 W vid skärning med högsta skärhastigheten för varje lasereffekt. Den värmepåverkade zonen i LDX 2101 var mycket liten, i storleksordningen 50 μm, vilket gjorde den svårt att mäta. Slutsatsen gav att det är tillräckligt att avlägsna 0,15 mm för att avlägsna den värmepåverkade zonen med marginal. Ingen skillnad kunde observeras mellan proverna skurna med en lasereffekt på 2500 W eller 3500 W. Gemensamt för båda materialen var att gradbildningen minskade med ökad skärhastighet.
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LAGERCRANTZ, MALIN, and AMALIA WENNGREN. "Evaluation of Quality in Service Processes." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142427.
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Electrolux är ett ledande globalt företag inom vitvaror och hushållsprodukter. Electroluxutvecklar, konstruerar och tillverkar varma, kalla och våta hushållsprodukter samt annansmåelektronik under olika varumärken. Varumärket Electrolux står för hög kvalitet som äveninkluderar en världsledande serviceorganisation för att tillhandahålla bra kundservice.Electrolux har på senaste tiden sett en trend i ökande andelar returer av reservdelar frånservicegivarna. Det identifieras som en möjlig kvalitetsrisk inom serviceprocessen. För attförebygga detta har det här examensarbetet utvärderat kvalitén i serviceprocessen ochrekommenderar förändringar för att bibehålla och öka kvalitén inom kundservice.Målet med arbetet har varit att öka kvalitén inom serviceprocessen på alla nivåer, till varje externoch intern kund. För att identifiera förbättringsområden genomfördes enverksamhetskartläggning med fokus på arbetsrutiner och hanteringen av reservdelar inomserviceprocessen. En grundorsaksanalys genomfördes för att identifiera underliggande orsakertill de olika problemområdena och för att ta fram förbättringsåtgärder som sedan utvärderats.Arbetet har varit avgränsat till att bara studera den svenska serviceorganisationen ochgarantireparationer för vitvaror och hushållsmaskiner. Andra avgränsningar för arbetat har varitatt resultatet inte ska påverka dagens målvärden negativt och inte heller påverka dagenstransportflöde.Resultatet av projektet är presenterat i form utav ett framtidsläge för serviceprocessen. För attuppnå detta framtidsläge så har en aktivitetsplan tagits fram med rekommenderade förbättringarsom är utformade för att åtgärda problemen i serviceprocessen. De rekommenderadeförbättringarna eliminerar dubbelt arbete, reducerar antalet arbetsmoment, samlar all tekniskinformation i en informationskanal och gör det möjligt att materialplanera reservdelar som äröverblivna från tidigare uppdrag.Tidsbegränsningen har gjort att fokus har legat på att ta fram konkreta och implementerbaraförbättringsåtgärder. Förbättringsområden har identifierats inom IT-system och organisation,något som diskuteras för fortsatta arbeten.Electrolux is a leading global company in home and kitchen appliances. Electrolux develops,designs and manufactures home appliances for hot, cold and water applications and other smallhome appliances under different brands. The Electrolux brand stands for high quality whichincludes an excellent service organization to provide good quality in customer care.Electrolux have lately seen a trend with increasing returns of unused spare parts from serviceproviders. This is identified as a possible quality risk in the service process. To prevent this tooccur this Master´s Thesis has evaluated the quality in the service process and recommendsactions to maintain and increase the level of quality in customer care.The aim of the project has been to increase the quality in the service process in every level, toevery internal and external customer. To identify improvement areas a business mapping of theservice process was performed, focusing on the different procedures within the service processand spare part management. A root cause analysis was made to find the underlying causes ofdifferent problem areas and ideas for improvements have been generated and evaluated.The project was limited to only include the Swedish service organization of guarantee repairs ofhome appliances within the Electrolux group. Other limitations of the project were to not affectthe key performance indexes adversely and to not include the supply chain of spare parts in theproject.The result of the project is presented as a future state for the service process. To reach this futurestate an action plan was made were recommended improvements are combined to address theproblems in the service process. The identified problems can be improved by eliminatingduplication of work, reducing the number of steps, gathering all technical information to oneplatform and to make surplus spare parts available for material planning.The outcome of the project was limited by time and therefore focus was to develop concrete andimplementable improvements. On a concept level the IT-system and organization relatedimprovement areas were evaluated, which are discussed and recommended for future work.
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Sáček, Petr. "Analýza a řízení rizik technologických etap výstavby zděných konstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240997.
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This thesis deals with the analysis and evaluation of quality, environmental, and security risks, hazards and application of appropriate methodology to a particular construction project. For an application is selected the key construction technology - walling. Diploma thesis establishes a framework for risk management on the basis of established integrated management system (IMS) defines the objectives and mechanisms in controlling adherence to standards, evaluation of business risks, defining risk management strategies, the draft risk management procedures, monitoring their functioning, assessing their performance and any improvement and support the process of supplying the required information.
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Allertz, Erik, and Tobias Hjelmar. "Kvalitetssäkring av material och tjänster inom byggentreprenadbranschen." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-36501.
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Quality is the key to a well executed product or service. The construction industry hasn’t highlighted the quality in recent times which have contributed to the construction industry receiving much criticism in the field. The public sees it as an offhanded industry where errors and delays are common.The reason for this is considered to be primarily the lack of time, constant pressure to reduce costs and skills and the ability to communicate between the parties about what the correct quality really means. The industry has begun to realize that it must start setting clearer standards and that there are great opportunities for improvement.This report will give Peab an opportunity to develop their quality work. The report highlights Peab residential area of Stockholm market position with the current quality of subcontractors and suppliers. It also provides suggestions on how Peab in a better way can work with quality and with this becoming a more competitive player in the market. The conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that Peab is aware of the problem and has begun work on improvements to enhance quality of work. Peab, for example, developed tools for gathering experience. Unfortunately these methods were used poorly and not to the degree that is required. Peab also works with partnering, based on long term business relationships. Correct use of partnering increases the chances of higher quality in the projects. Concrete proposals for improvements that this report highlights include higher standards in the procurement process, dare make demands on the quality of subcontractors and suppliers, learn from the mistakes made and disseminate the knowledge within the Group and work with long-term business relationships in which partners can develop one another .
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Nevena, Ćurčić. "Kvalitativna ocena sredstava turističke propagande i primenjenog materijala u funkciji unapređenja promotivnih aktivnosti u turizmu." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2008. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=73217&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Promocija je termin koji označava sve oblike složenog komuniciranja preduzeća – pružaoca usluga sa realnim i potencijalnim potrošačima, sa dobavljačima, sa poveriocima, sa zaposlenima, sa lokalnom samoupravom i širom društvenom zajednicom. Promocija se u svom strateškom delovanju oslanja na sledeće instrumente (alate): propagandu, ličnu prodaju, unapređenje prodaje, odnose s javnošću (PR) i publicitet, sponzorstvo, direktni marketing i promociju „od usta do usta“ (word-ofmouth). Propaganda spada u jedan od najstarijih i najmasovnijih promotivnih alata, široko zastupljen u turističkoj delatnosti jer igra veliku ulogu u približavanju turističke ponude (posebno njenih neopipljivih elemenata) potencijalnim potrošačima. Propaganda u turizmu za sprovođenje svojih ciljeva i zadataka koristi široku paletu propagandnih sredstava: grafička, oglasna, projekciona, prostorno-plastična, interaktivna sredstva. Prema izvršenom istraživanju u našoj zemlji usmenoj promociji „od usta do usta“ se još uvek najviše veruje i za njom najčešće poseže kada se radi o dobijanju validnih informacija o putovanju na neku destinaciju. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da su u grupi grafičkih sredstava najznačajnija kombinovana sredstva i prospekti, zahvaljujući svojoj dostupnosti, iscrpnosti podacima i kompleksnosti. U grafičkim sredstvima propagande pažnju turističke publike najviše plene fotografije i to fotografije u punom koloru, čiji pravilno odabrani motivi prenose jasnu, celovitu i istinitu poruku čime se smanjuje potreba za tekstom i štedi na obimu ovih sredstava. Geografske karte i skice su od velikog značaja u lakšem geografskom određenju nekog mesta ili lokaliteta. Veliki deo turističke populacije (> 60%) poklanja pažnju i koristi karte iz propagandnih sredstava. Stoga marketari treba da obrate pažnju pri njihovom planiranju i izradi kako bi se ukupna upotrebna vrednost propagandnih sredstava povećala, a turistima prostor učinio pregledniji i jasniji za snalaženje. Osim štampanih sredstava, mediji koji se ističu po svom značaju u informisanju i animiranju turista su neprikosnovena televizija, gde su skoro podjednako značajni svi oblici propagande (reportaže, turistički film, oglasi) i Internet koji predstavlja iznenađenje u dobijenim rezultatima, jer se pretpostavlja da je on još uvek u maloj upotrebi u našoj zemlji. Zadaci i karakter turističke propagande zahtevaju odgovarajući kvalitet sredstava i oblika njenog delovanja. Kvalitet je bitan preduslov ako se ima u vidu sve jača konkurencija na turističkom tržištu i činjenica da je propaganda značajan činilac turističkog razvoja. Šta čini kvalitet sredstava turističke propagande? Na ovo pitanje teško je definisati konačan odgovor, jer su to elementi koje praksa neprekidno menja, usavršava, vizuelno unapređuje. Ipak, neki elementi se mogu meriti, njihove vrednosti kvantificirati i, na kraju, izvesti ocena kvaliteta koja će činiti sastavni element u planiranju budućih propagandnih kampanja i akcija.Promotion is the term denoting all the ways of complex communication between a company that provides services and real and potential customers, providers, creditors, the employed, local self-government, and with wider social community. In its strategic actions, promotion relies on the following tools: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations and publicity, sponsorship, direct and database marketing, word-of-mouth marketing. Propaganda is one of the oldest and large-scale promotion tools, widespread in tourist activities because it plays a big role in presenting tourist offer (especially its impalpable elements) to potential customers. Propaganda utilizes wide range of propaganda tools while implementing its aims and tasks: graphic, advertisement tools, projection, space-plastic, and interactive tools. According to the poll conducted in our country, people still rely the most on word-of-mouth promotion, and use it most often when they try to acquire valid information about traveling to a certain destination. The poll established that combined tools and prospects are the most significant in the graphic group of tools because of their availability, abundance of information, and complexity. Among propaganda graphic tools, tourists are most attracted by photographs i.e., full-color photographs with motives that were chosen properly to convey comprehensible, detailed, and true message. Thus, there is less need for text and this economizes on the volume of those tools. Geographic maps and sketches are also of great importance in determining geographical coordinates of a place or locality. Huge percentage of tourists (around 60%) pays attention and uses maps from propaganda tools. Thus, the map-makers should pay good attention when drawing them because that would increase total serviceable value of propaganda tools, and tourists would have a good layout of the area and it would not be hard to find the way. Besides the printed tools, TV and Internet are media tools that are prominent in their importance in informing and animating tourists. With TV, almost all forms of propaganda are equally important: reports, tourist films, advertisements, while Internet was a surprise according to the results because it is still assumed that it is not so wide-spread in our country. Tasks and character of tourist propaganda require certain quality tools and ways of its functioning. Taking into account strong competition at the tourist market and the fact that propaganda is an important element in tourist development, the quality is an important precondition. What makes the quality element in tourist propaganda? It would not be easy to give a definite reply to this question, because these are the elements that are constantly amended, improved, visually upgraded by the practice. However, some elements could be measured, their values qualified, and at the end the evaluation of quality could be produced, and it would then be the integral part of planning future propaganda campaigns and actions.
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Pal, Terek. "Unapređenje kvaliteta alata za livenje pod pritiskom primenom tehnologija inženjerstva površina." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101472&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Proučavane su koroziona postojanost i tendencija lepljenja različitihmaterijala u kontaktu sa tečnom Al–Si–Cu legurom. Ispitivanjem suobuhvaćeni čelik za rad na toplo, plazma nitrirani čelik i dupleksslojevi sa CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN i CrAlN prevlakama, različitog nivoapovršinske hrapavosti. Za ispitivanja pomenutih fenomenaprimenjena je metoda izvlačenja, koja je unapređena kako bi se povećalenjena tačnost i verodostojnost simulacije procesa livenja. Korozioniefekti su pojačani tako što su uzorci osim kratkog kontakta sa odlivkomzadržavani i u dužim periodima u kontaktu sa tečnom legurom (5 i 20min). Uprkos opštim stavovima, za ispitivane materijale jeustanovljeno da su sile izvlačenja uzoraka iz Al–Si–Cu odlivakanezavisne od njihovog hemijskog sastava. Uticaj hrapavosti je izraženkod uzoraka sa prevlakama kod kojih pri smanjenju hrapavosti dolazi dopovećanja sile izvlačenja. Sve ispitane prevlake su sklone mehaničkomlepljenju Al–Si–Cu legure za svoje površine, ali sa aspekta korozije utečnom metalu značajno prevazilaze performanse čelika i plazmanitriranog sloja. Duži kontakt livene legure sa površinama prevlakauzrokovao je niže vrednosti sila izvlačenja, što je posledicaoksidacije površina prevlaka. Ustanovljeno je da su ispitivaneprevlake inertne ka tečnoj leguri aluminijuma. Međutim, dolazi dooksidacije i korozije materijala podloge kroz greške rasta koje suprisutne u prevlakama. Stečena znanja o identifikovanimmehanizmima habanja i propadanja zaštitnih slojeva prevlakaposlužiće daljem razvoju dupleks slojeva namenjenih za zaštitu alataza livenje pod pritiskom.Corrosion resistance and soldering tendency of different materials in moltenAl–Si–Cu alloy were studied. Hot-working tool steel, plasma nitrided steel andduplex layers with CrN, TiAlN, TiAlSiN and CrAlN top coatings, which wereproduced to various degree of surface roughness, were covered by the study.An ejection test was employed for investigation of the concerned phenomena.The ejection test was improved in order to increase its accuracy and thereliability of process simulation. Samples were examined in both short andextended periods of contact (5 and 20 min) with liquid casting. Castingsolidification was extended in order to intensify the corrosion effects. Contraryto common findings, it was found that the ejection force of the investigatedmaterials does not depend on their chemical composition. For the coatedsamples, a pronounced dependence of the ejection force on the surfaceroughness was found. The ejection force increases with decrease in surfaceroughness. All investigated coatings are prone to mechanical soldering by Al–Si–Cu alloy. Still, their corrosion resistance substantially exceeds the corrosionresistance of steel and plasma nitrided layer. Longer exposure of coatedsamples to cast alloy induced lower ejection forces, which is a consequenceof coatings oxidation. It was found that the investigated coatings are inert toliquid aluminium. However, the underlying material undergoes oxidation andcorrosion through coating growth defects. The findings concerning the wearmechanisms of protective layers support further development of duplex layersintended for die casting tools protection.
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Dvořáková, Tereza. "Funkční analýza konstrukce a vhodnosti použitého materiálu tepelného štítu turbodmychadla z hlediska spolehlivosti v podmínkách provozu běžného silničního motorového vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402528.
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Diploma thesis deals with solving of the problem with heat shield used in a turbocharger for heavy duty vehicles. The description of the problem origin with focus on environmental standarts and therefore a need of changes in turbocharger construction, is included. Further, the procedure for finding the component failure causes using the results of stress tests and analyses performed is described step by step. Most of the practical part is focused on a use of quality tools for finding a root cause of heat shield failure and also on advanced material analysis, verifying the results from quality analysis performed. An the end of the thesis there are suggested and accepted measures for elimination of similar failure recurrence and recommendations for further development.
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Räms, Sofie, and Ida Granholm. "Introduktion till Certifierad Grafisk Produktion på Jernström Offset." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Grafisk teknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4145.
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The aim for this thesis was to develop a proposal of documentation, containing rules and procedures, which JernströmOffset needs to acquire the Certified Graphic Production certification. A fundamental part was to study the materialissued by Sveriges Grafiska Mediaförening, to clarify the requirements that must be met to obtain the certification. Therecommendations found in the CGP material must also be considered.Based on the requirements and recommendations of Certified Graphic Production, a mapping of the workflows atJernström Offset was performed. It was done by interviewing employees from different departments at the company,this to get a clear understanding of the operations carried out throughout the production flow and the final qualityfollow-up.During our reviewing process we found that a number of changes, in terms of working environment and practices,must be made at the company. As a result of this we propose some appropriate actions to be implemented.The documentation was finally written, through the requirements and recommendations of Certified GraphicProduction and then applied to Jernström Offset’s work procedures.
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Dragan, Psodorov. "Uticaj ambalaže i savremenih uslova pakovanja na održivost tradicionalnih pekarskih proizvoda." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111071&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Predmet doktorske disertacije obuhvata izbor ambalažnog materijala i uslova pakovanja, pakovanje tradicionalnog pekarskog proizvoda pite sa sirom, kao i očuvanje proizvoda tokom skladištenja.Polupečene pite sa sirom su proizvedene i pakovane u petoslojne i sedmoslojne polimerne kese, pri atmosferskim i u uslovima modifikovane atmosfere pakovanja, sa dodatkom i bez dodatka sakupljača kiseonika. Nakon pakovanja, pite su skladištene i ispitivane po sledećoj dinamici: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 i 16 nedelja skladištenja. Izvršena su ispitivanja ambalažnih materijala i ambalaže, kao i upakovanog proizvoda. Tokom ispitivanja ambalažnih materijala i ambalaže određivana su: fizičko-hemijska i strukturna svojstva ambalažnih materijala, barijerna svojstva ambalaže, koncentracija gasova u ambalaži i kvalitet formiranih varova. Ispitivanja upakovanog proizvoda su se odnosila na: fizičko-hemijska svojstva pite sa sirom, senzorska svojstva pite sa sirom i mikrobiološka ispitivanja pite sa sirom.Primenjeni ambalažni materijali su pokazali odgovarajuća fizičko, mehanička i strukturna svojstva. Takođe, oba ambalažna materijala pokazuju dobre barijerne karakteristike na ispitivane gasove. Izračunavanjem ukupne zapremine kiseonika koja može biti propuštena kroz ambalažu tokom skladištenja je utvrđeno da je upotreba sakupljača kiseonika od 100 ml dovoljna da omogući skladištenje pite sa sirom, pakovane u obe vrste ambalaže, u vremenskom periodu od 122 dana (16 nedelja), bez promene koncentracije kiseonika veće od 1%. Analizom koncentracije gasova u ambalaži je utvrđeno da su najmanje oscilacije merenih gasova tokom skladištenja pokazali uzorci pakovani u petoslojne, kao i sedmoslojne kese, u atmosferi vazduha sa dodatkom sakupljača kiseonika. Fizičko-hemijska svojstva (kiselinski stepen, peroksidni broj, sadržaj vlage, aw vrednost) uzoraka pita sa sirom su se menjala tokom skladištenja, zavisno od vrste ambalaže i uslova pakovanja. Period skladištenja utiče na senzorski kvalitet proizvedenih pita sa sirom. Nakon 16 nedelja skladištenja pita sa sirom upakovanih usa sirom kese od petoslojnog i sedmoslojnog ambalažnog materijala, u atmosferskim uslovima, sa dodatkom sakupljača kiseonika, ne dolazi do promena ukupnog broja kvasaca i plesni.Na osnovu ciljeva doktorske disertacije, izvršenih ispitivanja i postignutih rezultata, može se zaklučiti da su predloženi ambalažni materijali, kao i uslovi pakovanja doprineli produženju održivosti tradicionalnog pekarskog proizvoda - pite sa sirom.Primenom barijernih ambalažnih materijala, kombinovanjem atmosferskih uslova pakovanja i sakupljača kiseonika, moguće je skladištiti pite sa sirom u dužem periodu.The subject of doctoral thesis includes the selection of packaging material and packaging conditions, packaging of traditional bakery product phyllo dough pastry with cheese, as well as the preservation of the product during the storage period. Partially baked phyllo dough pastry with cheese have been produced and packed into five and seventh layer polymeric bags, by using atmospheric and modified atmospheric packaging conditions, with and without the addition of the oxygen scavengers. After the packaging, phyllo dough pastries have been stored, and the dynamics of researches has been referred to: 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 week of storing.Researches of packaging material and the product of packaging have been conducted. Examination of packaging material includes: physicochemical and structural properties, barrier properties, concentration of gases inside the packaging and the quality of welds. Examination of the product of packaging includes: physicochemical properties, sensorial properties and microbiological properties of the phyllo dough with cheese.Applied packaging materials have shown an adequate physical, mechanical and structural performances. Furthermore, both packaging materials have shown good barrier characteristics against examined gases. By the calculation of total oxygen volume, which might penetrate throughout packaging materials during storing period, it can be concluded that the application of 100 ml oxygen scavenger is sufficient to provide the storing of phyllo dough pastry, packed in both packaging materials, during a period of 122 days (16 weeks) without oxygen concentration changes higher than 1%. The analysis of gas concentration in packaging has shown that the smallest oscillations of gas concentration during the storage have been determined inside the packaging of five and seven layer packaging material, in air conditions by using oxygen scavengers.Physicochemical performances (acid number, peroxide value, moisture content and aw value) of the samples vary depending on the packaging material and the packaging conditions, during the storage period. The storage period affects the sensorial quality of phyllo dough pastries. After sixteen weeks of storage, phyllo dough pastry with cheese, packed into five and seven layer packaging material, in air atmosphere, with the addition of oxygen scavenger, did not show the increase of the total number of yeasts and molds.Based on the goals, conducted research and results obtained, it might be concluded that suggested packaging materials, as well as the packaging conditions contribute to the additional sustainability of traditional bakery product - phyllo dough pastry with cheese. By the application of barrier packaging material, and combining the atmosphere packaging conditions and the oxygen scavenger it is possible to store phyllo dough pastry for a longer period.
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Dane, Malešević. "Методолошки фактори обезбеђења квалитета средњег стручног образовања и њихов утицај на повишење нивоа производње." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnički fakultet Mihajlo Pupin u Zrenjaninu, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20111221MALESEVIC.
Full textAbstract:
Глобализација светске привреде довела је да је квалитет постао приоритетан фактор у борби са конкуренцијом за опстанак на тржишту. Квалитет се дефинише као скуп особина, карактеристика производа, робе, услуга, рада, изазивајући њихову способност да задовоље потребе и захтеве потрошача у складу са циљем и њиховим очекивањима. Због потребе привреде за радном снагом која ће бити компетента да производи производе који ће задовољити потребе и жеље купаца, све су израженији захтеви за квалитетом у стручном образовању. Основу за оцену квалитета образовног процеса чине образовни исходи који обухватају знања, способности вештие и ставове ученика који се стичу кроз формално образовање у школама. Квалитетно образовање не би требало посматрати као процес потрошње него као процес интгеракције између наставника и ученика. Образовање мора имати за циљ давање ученицима прилика за лични развој и поверење да ће се прилагодити новим ситуацијама да ће их променити ако то буду сматрали потребним. Образовање никад не може бити неутралан процес; увек ће бити базиран на вредности. Равнотежа између објективних чињеница и испитивање тих чињеница представља велик изазов за професионалног наставника (www.ei-ie-org).На квалитет образовних исхода средњег стручног образовања утичу разни фактори међу којима су: наставници са својим компетенцијама, менаџмент школа, наставни планови и програми, материјални ресурси.За истраживање утицаја поменутих фактора, констурисан је упитник за директоре, наставнике, ученике, родитеље и привреднике којим је вршено прикупљање податак у узорку. Смањење количине података вршено је помоћу факторске анализе у SPSS Statistics 17, односно, извршили смо издвајање најмањег броја фактора који добро представљају међувезе у скупу променљивих из помоћ:- анализе главних фактора (Кајзеров критеријум),- факторизације слике (дијаграм одрона, engl.scree тест),- паралелне анализе (користећи програм MONTE CARLO PCA for PARALLEL ANALYSIS),- оцене прикладности података за факторску анализу (Бартлетов тест сферичности и Кајзер-Мајер-Олкинов-КМО показатељ адекватности узорка).У обради података и доказивању галавне и помоћних хипотеза коришћене су основне статистичке методе:1. дексриптивна статистика,2. непараметарски тест:-Колмогоров-Смирновљев тест нормалности дистрибуције-HI квадрат тест3. графички приказ резултата статистичке обраде.Резултати истраживања су показали да квалитет средњег стручног образовања зависи од наставног кадра, менаџмента школа, модуларних наставних планова и програма и материјалних ресурса. Да квалитет средњег стручног образовања утиче на повећање нивоа производње, доказ је изведен на основу резултата истраживања које је проведено међу привредницима.Даља истраживања у области квалитета средњег стручног образовања треба усмерити на: компетенције наставника, компетенције менаџмента, корелације опремљености школа са успехом ученика, утицај модуларних наставних планова и програма из појединачних предмета, смањење оптерећења ученика, сарадње школе и предузећа на утврђивању програмских садржаја практичне наставе, мотивације наставника и менаџмента школа за квалитетан рад и постизање резултата којима ће бити задовољни сви корисници.Globalizacija svetske privrede dovela je da je kvalitet postao prioritetan faktor u borbi sa konkurencijom za opstanak na tržištu. Kvalitet se definiše kao skup osobina, karakteristika proizvoda, robe, usluga, rada, izazivajući njihovu sposobnost da zadovolje potrebe i zahteve potrošača u skladu sa ciljem i njihovim očekivanjima. Zbog potrebe privrede za radnom snagom koja će biti kompetenta da proizvodi proizvode koji će zadovoljiti potrebe i želje kupaca, sve su izraženiji zahtevi za kvalitetom u stručnom obrazovanju. Osnovu za ocenu kvaliteta obrazovnog procesa čine obrazovni ishodi koji obuhvataju znanja, sposobnosti veštie i stavove učenika koji se stiču kroz formalno obrazovanje u školama. Kvalitetno obrazovanje ne bi trebalo posmatrati kao proces potrošnje nego kao proces intgerakcije između nastavnika i učenika. Obrazovanje mora imati za cilj davanje učenicima prilika za lični razvoj i poverenje da će se prilagoditi novim situacijama da će ih promeniti ako to budu smatrali potrebnim. Obrazovanje nikad ne može biti neutralan proces; uvek će biti baziran na vrednosti. Ravnoteža između objektivnih činjenica i ispitivanje tih činjenica predstavlja velik izazov za profesionalnog nastavnika (www.ei-ie-org).Na kvalitet obrazovnih ishoda srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja utiču razni faktori među kojima su: nastavnici sa svojim kompetencijama, menadžment škola, nastavni planovi i programi, materijalni resursi.Za istraživanje uticaja pomenutih faktora, konsturisan je upitnik za direktore, nastavnike, učenike, roditelje i privrednike kojim je vršeno prikupljanje podatak u uzorku. Smanjenje količine podataka vršeno je pomoću faktorske analize u SPSS Statistics 17, odnosno, izvršili smo izdvajanje najmanjeg broja faktora koji dobro predstavljaju međuveze u skupu promenljivih iz pomoć:- analize glavnih faktora (Kajzerov kriterijum),- faktorizacije slike (dijagram odrona, engl.scree test),- paralelne analize (koristeći program MONTE CARLO PCA for PARALLEL ANALYSIS),- ocene prikladnosti podataka za faktorsku analizu (Bartletov test sferičnosti i Kajzer-Majer-Olkinov-KMO pokazatelj adekvatnosti uzorka).U obradi podataka i dokazivanju galavne i pomoćnih hipoteza korišćene su osnovne statističke metode:1. deksriptivna statistika,2. neparametarski test:-Kolmogorov-Smirnovljev test normalnosti distribucije-HI kvadrat test3. grafički prikaz rezultata statističke obrade.Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da kvalitet srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja zavisi od nastavnog kadra, menadžmenta škola, modularnih nastavnih planova i programa i materijalnih resursa. Da kvalitet srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja utiče na povećanje nivoa proizvodnje, dokaz je izveden na osnovu rezultata istraživanja koje je provedeno među privrednicima.Dalja istraživanja u oblasti kvaliteta srednjeg stručnog obrazovanja treba usmeriti na: kompetencije nastavnika, kompetencije menadžmenta, korelacije opremljenosti škola sa uspehom učenika, uticaj modularnih nastavnih planova i programa iz pojedinačnih predmeta, smanjenje opterećenja učenika, saradnje škole i preduzeća na utvrđivanju programskih sadržaja praktične nastave, motivacije nastavnika i menadžmenta škola za kvalitetan rad i postizanje rezultata kojima će biti zadovoljni svi korisnici.
Globalization of the world economy has brought about the fact that the quality is apriority factor in the competition for the survival on the market. The quality is definedas a collection of features, characteristics of products, goods, services, work, which challenges their capacities to meet the needs and the demands of the consumers in accordance with the goal and their expectations.Because of the needs of the economy for labour forces, that are competent to produce products which would meet the needs and desires of buyers, the demands for the quality in the vocational education have become prominet. The assesment of the quality of the educational process is based on the educational results which comprise knowledge, abilities, skills and attitudes of students, which are requiredthrough formal education in schools. A high quality education should not be viewedas a process of consumption but as a process of interaction between teachers and students. The educational goal should be to provide opportunities for the students for their personal developement and for boosting their confidence that they would be able to adjust to new situations, and that they would be able to change such situations, if necessary. The education can never be a neutral process; it isalways based on values. The balance between objective facts and the examination of these facts represents a big challenge for a professional teacher (www.ei-ie.org).The quality of educational results in the secondary vocational education is affected byvarious factors, some of which are: teachers with their competences, management ofschools, educational curricula and programmes, material resources. For the purposes of research of the impacts and of the abovementioned factors, a questionnaire was designed for schoolmasters, teachers, students, parents and businessmen, through which a collection of data in the sample wasmade. The reduction of the quantity of the data is conducted by means of factor analysis in SPSS Statistics 17, i.e., the extracting of the smallest number of factors was done, which represents well the interrelations in the collection of variables by means of: Analysis of major factors (Kajzer'scriterion), Factorization of the picture (screen test), Parallel analyses (programme used: Monte Carlo PCA for Parallel Analysis), The assessments of the adequacy of the data for the factor analysis (Bartlet test of specification and Kajzer-Majer-Olikin -KMO indicator of the sample adequacy) For the data processing and in proving the main hypothesis as well as the auxilliary hypotheses, two basic statistical methods were used:1. Descriptive statistics2. Non-parameter test:1. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of the normality of the distribution2. HI-square test3. Graphic representation of the results of the statistical processing.The results of the research have shown that the quality of the secondary vocational education depends on the teaching staff, school management, modular educational curricula and programmes and material resources.For the fact that the quality of the secondary vocational education affects the increase of the level of production, the evidence was deducted on the basis of the results of the research which was conducted among businesmen. Further researches in the area of the quality of the secondary vocational education should be focused on: competences of teachers, competences of the management, correlation between the level of equipment of a school and the achievemtents of students, the impact ofmodular educational curricula and programmes of individual subjects, reduction of the encumbrance of students, co-operation of schools and companies on defining the content of the programme of practical education, motivation of teachers and of the management of schools for a high qulity work and for achieving results with which all the beneficiaries will be satisfied.
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Lindbäck, Daniel. "Investigating a change of material on turning tools with Coromant Capto ® interface : A study conducted at Sandvik Coromant in Gimo." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Produkt- och produktionsutveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-64011.
Full textAbstract:
Sandvik Coromant is the leading supplier of cutting tools and solutions to the machining industry. Sandvik Coromant is the creator of the modular Coromant Capto ® tool interface which have since become an ISO-standard. The Coromant Capto ® interface, which currently is undergoing a revision is found in the machining applications turning, milling and drilling because of its unique characteristics. Sandvik Coromant's largest factory for cutting tools is located in Gimo which produces tools with the Coromant Capto ® interface for milling and turning applications. The turning tools with the Coromant Capto ® interface are currently produced from the tool steel 25CrMoS4, commonly known as SS2225 with a typical initial hardness of 28 ± 2 HRC. To achieve the required hardness of the finished tools, the turning tools are hardened by induction which results in hardness levels close to, or above 50 HRC. These induction hardening processes which are carried out after the machining operations induces geometrical distortions in the tools which impacts the quality of the finished product. Furthermore it is expected that the new revision of the Coromant Capto ® interface will be dificult to produce due to these geometrical distortions. To avoid the geometrical distortions due to induction hardening a change of material was examined. The turning tools with the Coromant Capto ® interface would instead be produced from the tool steel 34CrNiMo6, commonly known as SS2541. SS2541 is currently being used as material for the milling tools produced in Gimo. The tool steel SS2541 would imply a new process flow for the turning tools which would be hardened to 43,5 ± 2 HRC before the machining operations in a furnace thus avoiding the geometrical distortions. The purpose of the thesis was to study and predict the impacts and the changes that this new production process flow would lead to. The hypothesis of the whole study was claried as:"The change of material in Coromant Capto ® -equipped turning tools would be benecial in terms of the complete picture". To either prove or disprove the hypothesis research was conducted in three separate studies namely Quality, Time and Cost. A case study was used to compare the different process flows with each other. A sample of seven turning tools was studied within the case study. Each tool in the sample represents a portion of the real production volumes produced in Gimo. It was found that both product and process quality would increase with the material SS2541. Product quality would increase because the geometrical distortions would be avoided. This would increase value for the end customer which could expect a more predictable machining process. Process quality would also increase, mainly because control measurements will be carried out in a better way than in the current situation, and the fact that a simpler process flow with less operations will be true for SS2541. Process time increased for almost all material removal operations because the higher hardness of the material SS2541. Total process time would increase for the blanks and would decrease for the tools because the hardening operation are moved from tool to blank. The throughput rate of both blanks and tools will decrease, because the constraining operations or bottleneck operations would take longer time. Despite this it is expected that machine capacity is sufficient for producing the current production volumes from the material SS2541. The production cost for all tools in the sample will increase, one of the tools by as much as 11%. Production cost for a yearly production of turning tools (blanks included) is estimated to increase with 5%. The highest contributing factor to the increased cost is the initial cost of the material which will increase with 10%. To minimize the impact of material cost the range of blanks should be rationalized, i.e producing more tools from forged blanks instead from round blanks. To summarize and give an recommendation: The hypothesis of the thesis is confirmed. The change of material to SS2541 would seen to the complete picture prevent many problems to a relatively low cost. Therefore it is recommended that the material is changed from SS2225 to SS2541.Sandvik Coromant är en ledande tillhandahåallare av verktyg och lösningar till bearbetningsindustrin. Sandvik Coromant uppfann det modulära verktygsgränssnittet Coromant Capto ®, vilken på senare år har blivit en ISO-standard. Coromant Capto ®-kopplingen, som för tillfället undergår en revision återfinns, tack vare sina unika egenskaper inom applikationsområdena svarvverktyg, fräsverktyg och borrverktyg. Sandvik Coromants största fabrik för skärande verktyg ligger i Gimo i vilken man tillverkar både svarvverktyg och fräsverktyg med Coromant Capto ®-koppling. Svarvverktygen med Coromant Capto ®-koppling tillverkas nuvarande från verktygsstålet 25CrMoS4, allmänt känt som SS2225, vilket har en typisk grundhårdhet på ca 28 ± 2 HRC. För att uppnå rådande hårdhetskrav induktionshärdas svarvverktygen med induktionshärdning vilketresulterar i hårdheter nära- elleröver 50 HRC. Dessa induktionshärdningsprocesser utförs efter bearbetningsoperationerna och skapar formförändringar i verktygen, vilket i sin tur påverkar kvaliteten för den slutgiltliga produkten. Dessutom förväntas det att tillkomma problem med att tillverka den nya Coromant Capto ®-revisionen på grund av formförändringarna. För att förebygga formförändringarna som tillkommer vid induktionshärdningsprocesserna studerades ett materialbyte. Svarvverktygen med Coromant Capto ®-kopplingar skulle nu produceras från verktygsstålet 34CrNiMo6, allmänt känt som SS2541 istället. SS2541 används för närvarande till fräsprodukterna som produceras i Gimo. Verktygsstålet SS2541 skulle innebära ett nytt processflöde för svarvverktygen vilka nu skulle ugnshärdas före bearbetningsoperationerna till en hårdhet av 43,5 ± 2 HRC och på så sätt undvika formförändringarna. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utreda och förutspå effekterna och förändringarna som detta nya processflöde skulle innebära. Hypotesen till hela studien sammanfattades som: Materialbytet på svarvverktyg med Coromant Capto ®-koppling skulle vara positivt sett till helheten. För attantingen bekräfta eller dementera denna hypotes utfördes en studie som innefattade tre separata utredningar inom områdena Kvalitet, Tid och Kostnad. Man använde sig av en fallstudie för att jämföra de olika processflödena med varandra. Ett urval bestående av sju produkter studerades inom denna fallstudie. Varje produkt från urvalet fick representera en delvolym av den totala årliga produktionsvolymen i Gimo. Man fann att både produktkvalitet och processkvalitet skulle öka till följd av materialbytet till SS2541. Produktkvaliteten skulle öka för att formförändringarna skulle undvikas. Detta skulleöka värdet för slutkunden, vilken kan komma att förvänta sig en bättre och mer förutsägbar bearbetningsprocess. Processkvaliteten skulle också öka, främst för att kontrollmätningar nu skulle kunna utföras på ett bättre sätt än man kan göra i det nuvarande processflödet samt att flödet skulle bli enklare och tydligare med färre processteg. Processtider skulle öka för nästan alla bearbetningsoperationer på grund av att SS2541 har en högre hårdhet. Den totala processtiden skulle öka förämnestillverkningen och minska för verktygstillverkningen för att härdningsoperationerna förflyttas från verktyg till ämne. Genomströmmningshastigheten skulle minska för både ämne och verktyg för att flaskhalsarna i produktionen skulle ta längre tid. Dock skall tilläggas att man fortfarande skulle ha kapacitet nog föratt tillverka dagens produktionsvolymer i materialet SS2541. Produktionskostnaden för alla produkterna i urvalet skulle öka, varav en produkt skulle öka med så mycket som 11%. Produktionskostnaden för en årsproduktion av svarvverktyg (ämnesproduktion inräknad) uppskattades att öka med 5%. Den största faktorn till den ökade produktionskostnadenär initialkostnaden för materialet som kommer att öka med 10%. För att minimera effekterna av materialkostnaden borde ämnesfloran rationaliseras, alltså producera fler verktyg från smidda ämnen än från försvarvade ämnen. För att sammanfatta och ge en rekommendation: Hypotesen kan bekräftas. Materialbytet till SS2541 skulle, sett till helheten förebygga många problem till en relativt låg merkostnad. Därför rekommenderas att materialbytet från SS2225 till SS2541 genomförs.
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Majtánová, Romana Viktória. "Hodnocení stavebně technického stavu objektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240166.
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This work deals with construction material research office building with eighteen floors to the street Šumavská 35 in Brno with ground plan dimensions of about 25 x 25 m. The structure consists of a reinforced concrete substructure and floors of steel frame. The scope of the survey will determine the quality of concrete in vertical supporting columns at level 1. PP structures using cores and subsequent laboratory testing. Another task will be to verify the status of moorings steel perimeter columns to the building of reinforced concrete pillars at the boundary of 1st basement and 1st floor.
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Lahký, Martin. "Návrh nové výroby polotovarů pro termobloky plynových kotlů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217643.
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Translated work is concerned with issue of reduction of production expenses and planning of production process in company for assembly operations of thermoblocks and aquablocks for gas kettles.In this work is wrote about planning of production and bid for a system of observing process of production cycle.
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Dragan, Rodić. "Optimizacija procesa elektroerozivne obrade savremenih inženjerskih materijala." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=110508&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Predmet istraživanja ove disertacije predstavlja unapređenje, modelovanje i optimizacija procesa elektroerozivne obrade (EDM) savremenih inženjerskih materijala. Prvo su predstavljene dve inovativne metode: EDM u dielektrikumu sa pomešanim prahom i EDM sa pomoćnom elektrodom, a zatim i njihova kombinacija. Za generisanje matematičkih modela primenjene su metodologija odzivne površine i alati veštačke inteligencije. U nastavku su postavljeni optimizacioni procesi određivanja ulaznih parametara sa jednom i više funkcija cilja koji su rešeni primenom klasičnih metoda optimizacije. U završnom osvrtu sprovedena je verifikacija dobijenih modela i optimalnih ulaznih parametara elektroerozivne obrade.The subject of the research of this dissertation is the improvement, modeling and optimization of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of advanced engineering materials. First, two innovation methods are presented: EDM in powder mixed dielectric fluid and EDM with assisted electrode and that their combination. The method of response surface and artificial intelligence tools were applied to generate mathematical models. The optimization problems of determining the input parameters with single and multiple target functions are solved by the application of classical optimization methods. Finally, verification of the obtained models and optimal input parameters of electrical discharge machining was carried out.
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Persson, Jesper, and Johanna Persson. "Undersökning av kostnader som uppstår vid tillverkning av flera produktvarianter : En studie utförd på Axis Communications." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139122.
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Dagens företag lägger ner allt mer tid och resurser på att utöka variantfloran i deras produktsortiment. Syftet är att nå ut till ett bredare segment av kunder samtidigt som företaget behåller en konkurrenskraftig position på marknaden. Vid framtagning av nya produkter ställs Axis Communications ofta inför utmaningen att ta beslut om att tillverka en eller flera varianter. I dagsläget tas beslut om att tillverka fler varianter i produktsortimentet utifrån priset på direkt material och försäljningsvolymen för varje variant. Axis Communications saknar därmed kunskap om vilka ytterligare faktorer som påverkas när beslut om variantskapande ska tas. Syftet med studien är att ta fram en beräkningsmodell som kan användas som beslutsunderlag vid analys av kostnader i att tillverka mer än en produktvariant. För att besvara syftet har studien genomfört två fallstudier utifrån två olika produkter i Axis Communications produktsortiment. Den första fallstudien analyserar nuläget av tillverkningen hos Axis Communications kontraktstillverkare där kostnader som påverkas av att flera varianter tillverkas identifieras och beräknas. Den andra fallstudien är en fiktivt fallstudie där de identifierade kostnaderna beräknas på nytt men då endast en variant tillverkas och resterande varianter tagits bort. Därefter utfördes en analys på hur de identifierade kostnaderna påverkas vid tillverkning av endast en variant. Utifrån litteraturstudier har de kostnader som påverkas i samband med att flera varianter tillverkas identifierats. Vidare har även processkartläggningar samt ett studiebesök hos en av Axis Communications kontraktstillverkare genomförts där ytterligare relevanta kostnader identifierats och bekräftats av personer med bred kunskap inom området. De kostnader som identifierats i studien och som därmed ansett påverkas mest av att variantfloran förändras är följande: Direkta särkostnader Direkt material Lagerföringskostnader Ställkostnader Fixtur- och verktygskostnader Indirekta särkostnader Kvalitetskostnader Time to Market Investeringskostnader Resurskostnader för utveckling av mekanik Resurskostnader för utvecklig av elektronik Certifieringskostnader Verktygskostnader Kostnader för test av produktion Kostnader för framtagning av prototyper Resultatet för direkt material visade att det går att utgå från ett medelvärde av priset för direkt material samt den prognostiserade försäljningsvolymen per variant för att skapa sig en första uppfattning om hur mycket variantskapande egentligen kostar. Lagerföringskostnaden visade sig också påverkas vid tillverkning av endast en variant. Lagerföringskostnaden minskade i lagret för komponenter men ökade samtidigt i färdigvarulagret eftersom att det endast är den dyrare varianten med avseende på direkt material som tillverkas då det är den variant som har samtliga funktioner jämfört med resterande varianter. Ställkostnaden eliminerades helt då ställtiderna som uppstår vid byte av varianter i tillverkningen försvann. Vidare så halverades kostnaderna för fixturer och verktyg. Kvalitetskostnaden visade sig vara svårare att kvantifiera, dock gick det att inse att desto högre volym som tillverkas av en variant desto fortare når varianten de uppsatta kvalitetsmålen vilket i sin tur bidrar till lägre kvalitetskostnader. Dessutom innebär ett lägre antal varianter i en och samma produktionslina att hanteringen blir lättare då bland annat risken för felmontering minskar. Det blir även lättare att identifiera, prioritera samt åtgärda fel som kan tänkas uppstå i produktionslinan. Det leder i sin tur till att kvalitetskostnaderna minskar. Time to Market påverkades också när endast en variant tillverkades. Även om Time to Market inte direkt kan ses som en kostnad utan snarare som ett intäktsbortfall, påvisade studien att det går fortare att få fram produkterna på marknaden om antalet varianter minskar. Slutligen studerades olika investeringskostnader som går att koppla till tillverkningen av flera varianter och resultatet visade på att det går att minska investeringskostnaderna om endast en variant tillverkas. Utifrån resultatet från de två fallstudierna utformades en beräkningsmodell åt Axis Communications som ska hjälpa företaget med att ta beslut om variantskapande. Beräkningsmodellen lyfter fram de kostnader som påverkas mest av en förändring i variantfloran tillsammans med en beskrivning av hur kostnaderna ska beräknas. Med hjälp av beräkningsmodellen kan Axis Communications beslut om variantskapande underlättas jämfört med hur de tar beslut idag.Today’s companies spend a significant amount of time and resources on increasing the number of product variants in their product range. The aim is to reach a wider segment of customers while maintaining a competitive position in the market. When developing new products, Axis Communications is often faced with the challenge of deciding whether to focus on one or more product variants. At present, focus is directed towards developing more product variants in the product range based on the price of direct material and the sales volume for each variant. Axis Communications therefore lacks knowledge of what additional factors that are affected when decisions about creating more product variants are taken. The purpose of the study is to provide a calculation model that can be used as a basis for analysing costs in producing more than one product variant. In order to achieve this purpose, the study has carried out two case studies based on two different products in Axis Communications product range. The first case study analyses the current state of production at Axis Communications’ contracted manufacturers, where costs that are affected by the production of multiple variants are identified and calculated. The second case study is a fictitious case study where the identified costs are calculated again, but only when one product variant is manufactured and the remaining product variants are disregarded. This was followed by an analysis regarding how the identified costs are affected when only one product variant is manufactured. Based on literature studies, the costs associated with the production of several variants have been identified. Furthermore, process flow charts have been developed and a study visit to one of Axis Communications contracted manufacturers was undertaken, where additional relevant costs have been identified and confirmed by persons with broad knowledge about the manufacturing processes. The costs identified to be affected the most by the variation of product variants are as follows: Direct incremental costs Direct material Inventory carrying costs Setup costs Fixture- and tooling costs Indirect incremental costs Quality costs Time to Market Investment costs Resource costs for the development of mechanics Resource costs for the development of electronics Certification costs Tooling costs Costs for testing of production Costs for prototyping The result for direct material showed that an average of the price of direct material as well as the forecasted production volume for each product variant can be assumed to create an initial perception of how much an increase of product variants actually costs. The inventory carrying cost also proved affected by the manufacturing of only one product variant. The inventory carrying cost decreased in the inventory of components but increased at the same time in the finished goods inventory since it is only the most expensive product variant with all functions compared to the other product variants that is being stored. The setup cost was eliminated since the setup times that occurred when changing product variants in the production disappeared. Furthermore, the cost of fixtures and tools was halved. The quality cost proved to be harder to quantify, however, it was realized that the higher the volume produced by a product variant the faster the product variant reaches the set quality goals, which in turn contributes to lower quality costs. Additionally, a lower number of product variants in the same production line means that handling becomes easier, including the risk of errors in assembling the product variant. It will also be easier to identify, prioritize and correct errors that may occur in the production line. This in turn leads to a reduction of quality costs. Time to Market was also affected when only one product variant was manufactured. Although Time to Market cannot be seen directly as a cost but rather as a loss of revenue, the study showed that it is faster to launch the product on the market if the number of product variants decreases. Finally, various investment costs were studied that could be linked to the production of several product variants, and the result showed that it is possible to reduce the investment costs if only one product variant is manufactured. Based on the outcome of the two case studies, a calculation model was designed for Axis Communications to help the company decide whether to manufacture product variants or not. The calculation model explains the costs that are affected the most by a change of number of product variants together with a description of how the costs are to be calculated. Using the calculation model will enable Axis Communications to make well-informed decision on whether or not to introduce more product variants in the product range.
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Krejčí, Vlastimil. "Bytový dům Terasy Havlíčkova - vybrané části STP." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225617.
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Architectural and technological project of building the housing Terraces Havlickova contains technical report on construction technology project,coordination situation, building relationships with the wider transport routes, time and financial plan of the building object, study the implementation of major technological stages of a residential building,Project construction site, design of the main building machines,schedule of the main building construction object SO-01,plan for securing material resources for the construction of residential house,technological regulation for the implementation of excavations and roofs,inspection and test plan for the implementation of the excavations and roofs. The other award was prepared itemized budget apartment house SO-01, calculation of construction according to THU, health and safety plan and Listing of security risks and security measures on site
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Melichar, Martin. "Vliv úpravy povrchu materiálů na bázi dřeva před dokončováním na konečné vlastnosti povrchové úpravy." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-168664.
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Pipíška, Tomáš. "Analýza metod posouzení pevnosti lepených materiálů z masivního dřeva." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-431123.
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This study aims to compare the strength of bonding joint and bonding quality depending on the proportion of violations. The first part contains a research of various types of adhesives. Based on the research, two types of adhesive were chosen - the PVAC and UF adhesives. These adhesives are used directly in manufacturing of solid wood panels. Our test samples were made of beech wood and oak wood using both types of adhesive, four groups of samples altogether. The thesis contains an analysis of the requirements for bonding strength as well as production of samples from solid wood panel. According to current standards, the tests were performed to determine the density, moisture content, strength of bonding joint, the bonding quality and proportion of violations.
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Šenkyříková, Tereza. "Stanovení emisí těkavých organických látek z materiálů používaných pro výrobu nábytku." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362114.
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The diploma thesis deals with the VOC substances and their impact on the indoor environment, health of human and environment. The work deals with the assessment of the emissions volatile organic compounds emit from materials used for the production of furniture in dependence on time. Focuses primarily on the most used construction material for production of furniture from particle board. The work assesses emitted substances from chosen glues/coating substances used for veneering/surface finishing of element.
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Veselý, Přemysl. "Pilový kotouč v procesu podélného řezání materiálů na bázi dřeva." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-249315.
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In this dissertation thesis there is listed characteristics of circular saw blades, their distribution, influence of construction adjustments on final behavior of blade in the process of machining, problematic of oscillation of blades a mutual interaction among quality of machined surface, noise and dust. The thesis covers the problems of oscillation of circular saw blades as when idling and operating - the cutting process; and by the use of three circular saw blades with different construction modifications. These aforementioned construction measures are also compared to each other due to the implementation of standard construction saw blades not only from the perspective of oscillation, but also from the perspective of the roughness of the machined surface and the analysis of wood waste generated during cutting and noise. In the theoretical part there is an analysis of available literature and scientific theses. It outlines the particular publications devoted to methods of determining the shapes of oscillation, determining critical, resonant and recommended speed, blade constructions, including possible modifications, the theory of cutting saw blades including determining the size and shape of the splints and the effects of noise on the work environment. An important part of this work is methodology involving direct measurements for detection of unstable states of discs (resonance and critical speed. In this section it is further evaluated measuring of the oscillation of the test saw blade and verification of the proposed methodology with a different and practiced, commonly known method, so called cold shapes: The author also seeks to explore and determine the effect of different tooth pitch and method of execution of slots along with soundproofing grooves on noise levels, the resulting quality of the machined surface of various wood. The generated waste is then analyzed for splitting wood particles in particular size group with the percentage of each chip. The results of the experiment are in discussion confronted with the available scientific theses, taking into account with normal operating conditions, of which the conclusion is drawn.
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El, Haddad Rachid. "Stanovení indikace k užití cizorodých materiálů v rekonstrukčních operacích pánevního dna." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388706.
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Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse is a major health problem affecting 50% of parous women over the age of 50. The lifetime risk for pelvic floor surgery for prolapse is likely to be between 10 and 20% and a large number of patients require repeat surgery for recurrence. Cochrane review showed that mesh use at the time of anterior repair reduce the risk of recurrence. In our first study we prospectively evaluate the impact of mesh insertion during anterior repair on sexual function and quality of life. Mesh insertion may be associated with significant and in some cases serious adverse events. To justify its use, it seems necessary to identify women at high risk of prolapse recurrence. There is evidence indicating that levator ani avulsion injury is closely associated with prolapse recurrence. The aim of our second and main study was to demonstrate in a prospective randomized way that levator avulsion may be used to identify patients at high risk for failed native tissue prolapse surgery. Methods: The first study prospectively evaluated with validated questionnaires the impact of mesh insertion on quality of life and sexual function. The second study is a single-center, prospective, randomized interventional trial of two standard surgical procedures for post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse in...
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Lázničková, Anna. "Hodnocení fyziologické kvality sadebního materiálu dřevin." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-431054.
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The thesis "Evaluation of Physiological Quality of Tree Planting Stock" deals with four testing methods to evaluate the physiological quality of planting stock and verifies their objectivity and usefulness for application in the natural conditions in the terrain at planting Norway spruce and European beech. These checked methods are: measuring of figures out percentage of water losses caused by a constant thermic stress, comparing weight before and after water saturation of close root balls, measuring of root balls humidity and measuring of chlorophyll fluorescence. The first three methods seem to be perspective and should by further testing and observations. The measuring of chlorophyll fluorescence cannot be used for water loss examination before planting. The development of available methods for determining physiological quality of tree planting stock is important for the success of planting in poor weather conditions.
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Hafner, Josef. "Hodnocení kvality svarů heterogenních materiálů pomocí akustické emise." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-430003.
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This thesis is focused on the evaluation of hetereogeneous weld joints made by CMT technology using acoustic emission. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first one is focused on the describe CMT technology. The second part describe the principle of acoustic emission. The following part includes the methodology of experimental part. The final section deals with on the relation between the tensile strength of the samples with the measured values of acoustic emissions from the welding and cooling of the material.
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PIVOVARSKÁ, Jitka. "Systém řízení kvality v podniku a jeho zdokonalení." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-44089.
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These diploma thesis are oriented on a analysis of quality management system in Fezko a. s. Strakonice and propose possibilities for its improvement. Quality management system is in this company on high level. Company is certified according to ISO/TS 16949. The opportunities for system improvement were detected particularly in production control area and material flow. I propose using of modern quality management tools and implementing of lean manufacturing principles and Six Sigma methodology in production, including kaizen and kanban techniques.
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Růžičková, Jana. "Aplikace NIR spektrometrie v kontrole kvality zemědělských materiálů a produktů." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-92962.
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Masařík, Lukáš. "Porovnání kvality lepeného spoje v závislost na druhu spojovaného materiálu při plazmatické úpravě dřeva." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179354.
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The work concerns in modern surface treatment, such as cold plasma. The main aim of this work was to find out the effect of plasma treatment on the surface of wood applied before glue treatment which is influential in final quality of glueing. The work compares the firmness of glued joint of solid wood-fibre slab -- HDF and locust tree on groups of samples of treated and non-treated surface in different plasma discharges. The first part of the work comprises a summary of knowledge in the plasma field and glueing and it attempts to establish a general overview of present development in research in the field of examined issue. The second part of the work deals with method of performed experiment according to the researched norms. Results of the work have proven that plasma preparatory treatment influences the firmness of glueing and at a certain type of use of plasma discharge we can improve the quality of glued joint.
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Volf, Luděk. "Vysychání krytokořenného sadebního materiálu při manipulaci a jeho vliv na ujímavost a odrůstání rostlin po výsadbě." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-428668.
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The aim of this Master thesis was to assess the survival and growing out of container planting stock for the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) after the set period of stressing by dessication due to incorrect manipulation. The plants exposed to desiccation for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were planted in a research area. During the first day of testing, the variant for checking of unstressed planting stock was planted. The research also included the testing of new methods for assessing root ball water loss during plant desiccation. The method for measuring the decrease in weight of a root ball during manipulation was used and two devices for measure moisture levels in root balls were tested (HH2 and WHT 860). The first assessment was carried out five weeks after planting out, during which vitality and sprouting progress were assessed. The second assessment took place at the end of the vegetation period, and vitality, duration of apical increment, thickness of the rootcollar and the length of needles and leaves were assessed. It was confirmed that with an increased duration of root ball desiccation comes the loss of moisture which after a certain period of time negatively impacted the survival and growing out of the tested plants. The limit for the root ball was a 3-day-long exposure of the planting stock to desiccation. The spruce planting stock is significantly more resistant to the negative effects of radiation and desiccation than the beech planting stock. The minimal threshold for moisture levels was set, determining when the planting stock can grow out without any major problems. The tested methods appear to be promising and can be used to assess the planting stock quality before the planting.