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1
Mudau, Thivhulawi Sarah. "Tsenguluso ya kushumisele kwa mirero na maidioma kha vhafumakadzi kha manwala a Netshivhuyu na Sigogo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2451.
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(M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Ngudo ino yo sumbedza uri ho shumiswa mirero na maidioma manzhi kha u bvukulula vhuvha na nzulele ya vhafumakadzi kha maṅwalwa a Ṋetshivhuyu, M.J. na Sigogo, N.E. Ngudo yo tumbula uri kanzhi mirero na maidioma zwi shumiswa kha u tsikeledza vhafumakadzi fhethu hunzhi: mishumoni, mbinganoni, lufunoni na kha mavhusele. Tsikeledzo iyi i vha ya muhumbulo khathihi na ya ṋamani. Naho zwo ralo, ngudo yo wana uri hu na huṅwe hu si gathi hune mirero na maidioma zwa ṱuṱuwedza vhutshilo havhuḓi kha vhafumakadzi. Magumoni azwo, ngudo i themendela uri vhafumakadzi vha fanela u farwa zwavhuḓi, nge vha vha vhathu u fana na vhanna.
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Makumbane, Livhuwani Meriam. "Tsenguluso nga ha thuthuwedzo i bveledzwaho nga kushumiselwe kwa thekhinolodzhi kha Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2357.
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Thesis (M. A.) --University of Limpopo, 2014The research focused on the effects of technology on language, with special reference to Tshivenda. These effects pertain to various aspects such as communication, agriculture, socialization, health, arts, sports, initiation schools, economy, transport, beliefs, food, drinks and utensils. The study further revealed that technology has several positive results such as the creation of new words. The study also indicated the negative effects of technology on language. In this regard it concentrated on the diminishing of Tshivenḓa words which ultimately may in future lead to their extinction. Lastly the study urged all people to accept technology and used in wisely for the benefit of our future generation because it is here to stay.
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Harley, Matthew Whitelaw. "A descriptive grammar of Tuwuli, a Kwa language of Ghana." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428555.
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Schwarz, Anne, and Ines Fiedler. "Linguistic Fieldnotes III: Information Structure in Gur and Kwa Languages." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5109/.
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This is the 16th issue of the working paper series Interdisciplinary Studies on Information Structure (ISIS) of the Sonderforschungsbereich (SFB) 632. The present issue continues the series on Linguistic Fieldnotes providing data elicited and documented by different members of the Sonderforschungsbereich 632. Here, the focus is placed on primary linguistic data from Gur and Kwa languages, collected and prepared by Anne Schwarz, former investigator in Project B1 and D2, and Ines Fiedler, former investigator in Project B1 and D2 and current member of Project B7 at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin.
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Fiedler, Ines, and Anne Schwarz. "Out-of-focus encoding in Gur and Kwa." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/873/.
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This paper investigates the structural properties of morphosyntactically
marked focus constructions, focussing on the often neglected
non-focal sentence part in African tone languages. Based on new empirical evidence from five Gur and Kwa languages, we claim that these focus expressions have to be analysed as biclausal constructions even though they do not represent clefts containing restrictive relative clauses.
First, we relativize the partly overgeneralized assumptions about structural correspondences between the out-of-focus part and relative clauses, and second, we show that our data do in fact support the hypothesis of a clause coordinating pattern as present in clause sequences in narration.
It is argued that we deal with a non-accidental, systematic feature and that grammaticalization may conceal such basic narrative structures.
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Shatry, Alwi M. "Tamaduni na fasihi za kienyeji kwa lugha za kigeni." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98624.
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Uhusiano baina ya lugha na utamaduni, mila na mirathi ya jamii kwa jumla huenda ukafahamika angalau kwa wepesi, iwapo tutazingatia mambo mawili: kwanza, lugha na matumizi yake ni chombo cha kujieleleza thamani tafauti zilizofungamana na maumbile ya kimila, fikira, maarifa, imani, adabu na utamaduni wa jamii yenyewe kwa jumla. Pili, matumizi ya lugha aghlabu husadifu kuwa ndio msingi wa kuendeleza na kukuza, na hata pia kubuni, uzushi mpya katika mirathi ya utamaduni, mila na khulka za kijamii. Kwa hivyo si rahisi kwa lugha kutengamana na taswira za jamii: utu, utamaduni, mila, mitindo na mengineo. Tungependa kuandaa madhumuni yetu ya kuonesha athari na hatari zinazokabili hali ile ya kutumia lugha geni katika kuendeleza shughuli za jamii au taifa la kienyeji. Muhimu pia, tutashughulika na athari za mtindo huo katika fasihi za kienyeji, hasa tunapozingatia kuwa fasihi ya maandishi ni mfano wa kioo cha hakika ya jamii.
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Putten, Saskia van. "The meaning of the avatime additive particle tsyɛ." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6608/.
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Avatime, a Kwa language of Ghana, has an additive particle tsyɛ that at first sight looks similar to additive particles such as too and also in English. However, on closer inspection, the Avatime particle behaves differently. Contrary to what is usually claimed about additive particles, tsyɛ does not only associate with focused elements. Moreover, unlike its English equivalents, tsyɛ does not come with a requirement of identity between the expressed proposition and an alternative. Instead, it indicates that the proposition it occurs in is similar to or compatible with a presupposed alternative proposition.
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Kipacha, Ahmad. "Launi za Kiswahili sanifu na Kiswahili fasaha kwa Tanzania Bara na Zanzibar." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-107396.
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Mabaraza na vyombo wenza vya kuendeleza lugha ya Kiswahili kwa upande wa Tanzania Bara na yale ya Tanzania Zanzibar hivi karibuni yameidhinisha kamusi za Kiswahili zinazopelekea kuwa na vielelezo anuwai vya usanifu wa lugha ya Kiswahili. Kamusi ya Kiswahili Sanifu (KKS) ya TUKI (sasa TATAKI) ya 2004 na ile ya Kamusi la Kiswahili Fasaha (KKF) ya BAKIZA ya 2010 ni ushahidi kuwa launi za Kiswahili Sanifu dhidi ya Kiswahili Fasaha zinarasimishwa. Kwa kutumia vigezo vya nadharia ya usanifishaji lugha ya Haugen (1966, 1987), makala haya yanajenga hoja kuwa tayari tumeshapata launi rasmi mbili za Kiswahili. Mapitio ya maandiko rasmi kinzani ya wasomi wa Tanzania bara na yale ya wasomi wa Zanzibar yanathibitisha kukubalika kwa launi hizo. Tahadhari kwa wahariri, walimu wa Kiswahili kama lugha ya kigeni, wanasheria, waandishi wa habari, wafasiri na watumiaji wa kawaida inatolewa juu ya kubainisha waziwazi launi hizo rasmi katika kazi zao za kila siku.
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Morton, Deborah C. "The Temporal and Aspectual Semantics and Verbal Tonology of Gisida Anii." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405641528.
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Nekhongoni, Manthageli Edward. "Tsenguluso ya vhuumba na vhungonwa kha luambo na matshilisano a Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1258.
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Thesis (M.A. ( African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013The study examines the impact of sterility on Tshivenḓa language and social life. The study deals with words and other linguistic aspects that are generated by this condition and how sterility influences social relations among the Vhavenḓa.
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Döhl, Inger. "Täkt, vall och kya : Ord för inhägnade områden vid fäbodar i Övre Dalarna /." [Uppsala] : Institutionen för nordiska språk vid Uppsala universitet, 1990. http://books.google.com/books?id=7nJcAAAAMAAJ.
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Kouadio, Nguessan Jeremie. "Description systématique de l'attie de Memni langue kwa de Côte-d'Ivoire." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39026.
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L'attie est une langue parlee en cote-d'ivoire. Il fait partie de la branche kwa de la famille niger-congo. Le dialecte qui est l'objet de cette these est celui de memni, localite situee a une soixantaine de kilometres d'abidjan. Cette these comprend trois parties : i. Phonologie : l'approche methodologique adoptee concoit la phonologie non seulement comme l'etude de la pertinence des elements phoniques (phonologie de surface), mais aussi l'etude des alternances (ou morphophonologie). Ii. Grammaire : cette partie est consacree a l'analyse appliquee aux faits de l'attie, des notions telles que constituant nominal tiroirs verbaux, sequences de predicats, verbes seriels, structures phrastiques de bases et arguments du verbe. Iii. Dictionnaire attie-francais, suivi d'un lexique francais attieAttie is a language spoken in cote-d'ivoire. It belongs to the kwa cluster of the niger-congo family. The dialect which is dealt with in this thesis is that of memni, a village located at about sixty kilometers away from abidjan. The thesis is organized in three parts : i. Phonology : the methodological approach that is adopted views phonology non only as the study of the distinctive function of phonic elements (surface phonology) but as the study of alternations (morphophonology). Ii. Grammar : this part is devoted to the application of conceptional notions such as nominal constituent, verbal drawers, predicate sequences, serial verbs, phrastic structure of bases and arguments of verbs. Iii. Dictionary : it is an attie-french dictionary, trying to provide a full entry of the meaning of words as well as their grammatical category. The dictionary is apprended with a lexicon french-attie
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Kpoglu, Promise Dodzi. "Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H003/document.
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Cette thèse concerne la description des constructions possessives en tongugbe, l’un des dialectes de l’éwé, langue parlée au sud-est du Ghana au long du fleuve Volta. La thèse présente une description détaillée des constructions; et tente de comprendre la relation qui existe entre les constructions possessives propositionnelles et les constructions locatives et existentielles. De plus, ce travail présente une première esquisse de la grammaire de tongugbe. La grammaire présente surtout des résultats préliminaires sur le contraste de durée qui existe au niveau des tons de tongugbe et un système de démonstratifs très riche. Les constructions possessives peuvent être regroupées dans trois catégories : les constructions attributives, les constructions prédicatives et les constructions à possesseur externe. Il est montré que les configurations structurelles des constructions possessives attributives sont motivées par des considérations fonctionnelles. Il est aussi démontré que les variations structurelles des constructions possessives prédicatives et des constructions à possesseur externe correspondent à des différences de sens. Enfin, il est argumenté que, synchroniquement, les constructions possessives propositionnelles et les constructions locatives et existentielles ne peuvent pas être réduites à une structure unique. La proposition soutenue est que chaque construction est une correspondance entre une forme et un sensThis dissertation concerns the description of possessive constructions in Tongugbe, one of the many dialects of the Ewe language, which is spoken in south-eastern Ghana, along the Volta River. It presents a detailed description of the constructions; and explores the relationship that exists between clausal possessive constructions and locative and existential constructions. In addition to this, the work presents a first outline grammar of Tongugbe. The grammar presents notably preliminary findings on the duration contrast in tones of Tongugbe and a rich demonstrative paradigm. The possessive constructions can be grouped into attributive, predicative and external possessor constructions. It is shown that the structural configurations of attributive possessive constructions are functionally motivated. It is also demonstrated that structural variations in predicative possessive and external possessor constructions correspond to differences in meaning. Finally, it is argued that, synchronically, clausal possessive constructions and locative and existential constructions are not reducible to a single structure. The view supported here then is that each construction is a form-meaning pair
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Bolouvi, Lébéné Philippe. "Les apports linguistiques Ķwa̧ dans le portugais de Bahia-Brésil : étude morphologique et étymologique." Rennes 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989REN20018.
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Ndadza, Muanalo Johanna. "Thodisiso ya ndeme ya mikhwa na vhudifari zwo disendeka kha ngano dza Tshivenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2374.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2018Muhumbulo muhulawane wa ṱhoḓisiso iyi ho vha u sengulusa ndeme ya mikhwa na vhuḓifari zwo ḓisendeka kha ngano dza Tshivenḓa. Ngudo iyi yo zwi bvisela khagala na u tumbula uri ndi zwa ndeme vhukuma u anetshela vhana ngano sa izwi dzi dzone thikho ya u funza vhana mikhwa na vhuḓifari havhuḓi vhune vha ḓo vhu shumisa kha vhutshilo havho hoṱhe mahayani, zwikoloni, mishumoni, kerekeni na hoṱhehoṱhe. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo dovha hafhu ya sumbedza na masiandaitwa a mikhwa na vhuḓifari vhu si havhuḓi. Ho ḓo wanala mawanwa na themendelo dzi bvaho kha mafhungo o kuvhanganywaho a themendelaho uri naho hu khou vha na u dzhenelela ha zwithu zwinzhi zwa maitele a musalauno, kha ri ḓiṋee tshifhinga tsha u anetshela vhana na zwiḓuhulu zwashu ngano sa zwe zwa itwa nga vha musalauḽa u itela u vhulunga luambo na mvelele yashu ya Tshivenḓa.
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Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory. "Indigenous language usage in a digital library he hautoa kia ora tonu ai /." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2534.
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The research described in this thesis examines indigenous language usage in a digital library environment that has been accessed via the Internet. By examining discretionary use of the Māori Niupepa and Hawaiian Nūpepa digital libraries this research investigates how indigenous languages were used in these electronic environments in 2005. The results provide encouragement and optimism to people who are striving to retain, revitalise and develop the use of indigenous languages in information technologies. The Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) methods used in this research serve as an example of how web logs can be used to provide significant information about language usage in a bilingual online information system. Combining the TLA with user feedback has provided insights into how and why clients use indigenous languages in their information retrieval activities. These insights in turn, show good practice that is relevant not only to those working with indigenous languages, indigenous peoples or multilingual environments, but to all information technology designers who strive for universal usability. This thesis begins by describing the importance of using indigenous languages in electronic environments and suggests that digital libraries can provide an environment to support and encourage the use of such languages. TLA is explained in the context of this study and is then used to analyse aspects of te reo Māori usage in the Niupepa digital library environment in 2005. TLA also indicates that te reo Māori was used by international clients and this usage differed to te reo Māori usage by national (Aotearoa) clients. Findings further reveal that the default language setting of the Niupepa digital library had a considerable impact on te reo Māori usage. When the default language was set to te reo Māori not only were there more requests in te reo Māori but there was also a higher usage of te reo Māori in the information retrieval activities. TLA of the Hawaiian Nūpepa digital library indicated that the Hawaiian language was also used in a digital library. These results confirm that indigenous languages were used in digital library environments. Feedback from clients suggests reasons why indigenous languages were used in this environment. These reasons include the indigenous language content of the digital library, the indigenous language default language setting of the digital library and a stated desire by the clients to use the indigenous language. The key findings raise some interface design issues and support the claim that digital libraries can provide an environment to support the use of indigenous languages.
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Agbidinoukoun, Cosme Christian. "Analyse contrastive des syntagmes nominaux du fogbe et du français (étude appliquée à l'enseignement du français dans un pays francophone d'Afrique)." Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030019.
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L'analyse contrastive reste une demarche eminemment utile pour la didactique des langues etrangeres. La valeur des conclusions qui peuvent en emerger depend neanmoins de la methode dont elle se sert. Cette methode devrait etre non seulement taxinomique mais encore largement mentaliste. Ici, l'observation du nom et de ses expansions primaires et secondaires en fongbe (benin) et en francais s'est realisee selon le choix eclectique du fonctionnalisme et de la psychomecanique. La mise en contraste des systemes a permis de degager principalement une serie de difficultes probables du fonophone devant apprendre le francais et d'elaborer une theorie de la progressivite sur laquelle devrait reposer un programme d'enseignement du francais en milieu fonophone. La conclusion pose le probleme de l'avenir du francais en afrique et propose des solutions pour une meilleure "cohabitation" des langues officielles occidentales en general avec les langues nationales africainesContrastive analysis remains an exceedingly usefulapproach to the teaching of foreign languages. However, the value of the conclusions which may result from it depends on the method used. This method should not only be taxinomical, but also profoundly mentalist. In this work, the observation of the noun and its primary and secondary expansions in fongbe (benin) and in french has been carried out using an eclectic model combining functionalism and psychomechanics. The contrasting of the systems above all made it possible to bring out a series of difficulties which are likely to be encountered by the fongbe-speaking person who must learn french and to elaborate a theory concerning the progressiveness on which should be based any programme intented to teach french in a fongbe-speaking environment. The conclusion poses the problem of the future of the french languagein in africa and suggests solutions for a better "cohabitation" of western official languages in general with african national languages
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Moilanen, J. S. (Jali-Santeri). "Ka-partikkelin käyttö Kuhmon murteessa." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201602031116.
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Kandidaatintutkielmassani käsittelen ka-partikkelin käyttöä Kuhmon murteessa. Aineistonani käytän Alpo Räisäsen teoksen Kuhmon murrekirja (1993) litteroituja murrenäytteitä. Tarkoituksenani on selvittää, missä kohdin vuoroa ka-partikkeli esiintyy, millaisia käyttötapoja sillä on sekä kattaako Suomen murteiden sanakirjan sanakirja-artikkeli (1997 s.v. ka) kaikki ka-partikkelin merkitykset.
Tutkimuksessani sovellan tietyin osin keskustelunanalyysin metodia. Käsittelen ka-partikkelin käyttöä vuoron skemaattisen rakenteen kautta. Lajittelen ka-tapaukset siis yhtäältä vuoron avauskentässä esiintyviin, toisaalta vuoron ytimessä esiintyviin ka-partikkeleihin. Erittelemällä eri osissa vuoroa esiintyvät tapaukset selvitän, onko partikkelilla erilaisia käyttötapoja eri vuoronosissa.
Tutkimuksessani olen havainnut, että ka esiintyy sekä vuoron avauskentässä että ytimessä. Suomen murteiden sanakirja (1997 s.v. ka) mainitsee kolme merkitysyhteyttä, joissa ka esiintyy: sellittävät, käskevät ja ihmettelevät lauseet. Tutkimuksessani esiintyi myös neljäs merkitysyhteys: myöntymisen osoitukset. Lisäksi se voi toimia puheensuunnittelun, aiempaan puheenaiheeseen palaamisen merkkinä, kerronnan jäsentämisen ja näkökulman vaihtamisen merkkinä. ka esiintyy myös itsenäisenä dialogipartikkelina yhdessä niin-partikkelin kanssa, jolloin ne muodostavat yksin koko vuoron.
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Muthige, Azwifarwi Gladys. "Tsenguluso ya u shumiswa ha luambo lwa u nyefula kha lushaka lwa Vhavenda." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1292.
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Thesis (MA. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014This research focuses on the use of derogative language in Tshivenḓa discourse. Derogative language is the language used in a society in showing critical or disrespectful attitude. In each and every society, people use derogative language or words in addressing different unacceptable behaviours. Derogative language is used in schools, churches, homes, to mention but a few places. There are factors compelling Vhavenḓa people to use derogative language. In this regard, one may mention social, political, and economic factors. For instance, hardworking people who have amassed wealth through their efforts are sometimes labelled scornful names such as madyavhathu (cannibals) and keepers of maḓuxwane (zombies). Ultimately, the use of derogatory language affects people socially and psychologically.
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Keïta, Mamadou. "Système morpho-phonologique de l'agni : complexité vocalique, complexité tonale et récupération du gabarit en agni." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070082.
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La thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre général de la description du système morphophonologique de l'agni, une langue du groupe kwa parlée à l'Est de la Côte d'Ivoire. Le système vocalique et tonal présente des asymétries de distribution qui méritent une analyse. Le constat de ces asymétries a permis une mise en relation des certains phénomènes en apparence distants. Ces asymétries qui sont de deux ordres : D'abord une asymétrie tonale, nous avons des tons modulés haut -bas (HB) sur les voyelles complexes (voyelles moyennes et voyelles nasales) et non sur les voyelles simples (I - A - U). Nous n'avons de tons modulés bas - haut (BH) aussi bien sur les voyelles complexes que sur les voyelles simples. Ensuite au niveau des suites vocaliques, nous avons des suites de voyelles hautes suivies de la voyelle basse (U / I - A) alors que nous n'avons pas l'inverse, des suites de la voyelle basse suivie de voyelles hautes (A - U /1). En enfin, nous n'avons pas de suites de voyelles hautes hétéro-timbres (U - I /1 - U). La résolution de ces asymétries nous a permis de comprendre le fonctionnement des tons, des voyelles et des structures syllabiques en agni. La théorie autosegmentale situant le système tonal et vocalique à des niveaux différents est mise à mal par cette découverte. La formation des tons modulés issus de la résolution des asymétries est corrélée à la formation des voyelles complexes. Toutes les opérations même dans les processus de résolution des anomalies ont une finalité, préserver la structure syllabique de l'agni qui est la forme [CVCV], le gabarit. En définitive, l'agni à travers ces différents processus (Contraction syllabique, résolution d'anomalies) démontre qu'elle est une langue à structure gabaritiqueThe thesis is an attempt at describing and understanding the economy of the morpho-phonological System of agni, a kwa language of the Ivory Coast. The vocalic and tonal System presents distributional asymmetries which call for analysis. The analysis of those asymmetries makes it possible to unify apparently unrelated phenomena. These asymmetries fall into two categories: First, a tonal asymmetry: we have high - low (HB) contour tones on complex vowels (mid vowels and nasal vowels) but not on simple vowels (I - A - U). Second, no low - high (BH) contour tones can observed on complex OR simple vowels. Third, with respect to vowel sequences, sequences of high vowels followed by the low vowel (U /1 - A) can be observed, though no sequences exhibit the reverse order, viz. (A - U /1). Finally, we have no sequence of high vowels hetero-timbre (U - I /1 - U). The resolution of these asymmetries allows us to understand the relationship between tones, vowels and syllabic structures in agni. Auto-segmental theory, inasmuch as it segregates tones and vowels, is challenged by these findings. The formation of contour tones stemming from the processes responsible for the asymmetries, directly correlates with the formation of complex vowels. All of the operations discussed here conspire to preserve the basic syllabic structure of the language, viz. [CVCV], the size. Ultimately, when the relevant processes are understood, agni comes out as a templatic language
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Moilanen, J. S. (Jali-Santeri). "Ka-partikkelin käyttö responsiivisissa vuoroissa Suomen itämurteissa." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312091.
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Pro gradu -tutkielmassani tutkin ka-partikkelin käyttöä responsiivisissa vuoroissa Suomen itämurteissa. Ka on murrepartikkeli, joka esiintyy vanhastaan suomen itä- ja pohjalaismurteiden alueella (Suomen murteiden sanakirja 2012 s.v. ka(1)). Tutkimusaineistonani olen käyttänyt Kuhmossa vuonna 2017 nauhoitettuja arkikeskusteluja sekä 2000-luvulla Pohjois-Karjalan ja Kainuun alueella tallennettuja asiointitilanteita. Tutkimukseni metodi on keskustelunanalyysi. Työni tarkoituksena on ollut selvittää, millaisia tehtäviä ka-partikkelilla on responsiivisissa vuoroissa ja kuinka ka voidaan luokitella suomen muiden partikkeleiden joukkoon. Tutkimuksessani olen todennut, että ka ennakoi responsiivisten vuorojen alussa alkavan vuoron epäsuoruutta. Sillä aloitetaan siis erilinjaisia, linjaan asettumattomia sekä myönnytteleviä vuoroja. Ka-partikkelilla voidaan aloittaa myös samanlinjaisia vuoroja, mutta silloin samanlinjaisuus on jollain tavalla varauksellista. Tutkimukseni tulosten perusteella pidän ka-partikkelia abstraktina huomionkohdistajana, jonka tehtävänä on ilmaista muille osallistujille, ettei alkavaa vuoroa voi tulkita ja ymmärtää täysin suorasukaisesti. Ka kohdistaa muiden osanottajien huomion myös erilaisiin keskustelussa esiintyviin muutoksiin: esimerkiksi näkökulman- ja puhujanvaihdoksiin. Pro gradussani olen todennut, että ka voidaan luokitella sekä dialogi- että lausumapartikkeleihin. Dialogipartikkeleiden joukossa sen voi katsoa kuuluvan topiikkia sulkeviin partikkeleihin. Sen lisäksi sitä voi luonnehtia monikäyttöiseksi lausumapartikkeleiksi. Ka esiintyy myös ka se- ja ka niin -kokonaisuuksissa, jotka ovat ominaisuuksiltaan verrattavissa dialogipartikkeleihin. Nämä kiteytymät ilmaisevat juuri kerrotun tiedon olevan jollain tavalla merkittävää, minkä lisäksi ne toimivat sekvenssin sulkijoina.
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Soubrier, Aude. "L’ikposso uwi : phonologie, grammaire, textes, lexique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20037/document.
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Cette thèse est une description phonologique et grammaticale de l’ikposso uwi, langue de la famille kwa, du phylum Niger-Congo. Elle est parlée au Togo par la population akposso, située dans la Région des Plateaux et comptant environ 150 000 personnes. Cette langue se divise en six dialectes : le logbo, l’uma, l’uwi, le litimé, l’ikponou et l’amou-oblo. Le corpus sur lequel se base cette étude est constitué (i) de 36 textes narratifs, (ii) de phrases élicitées à partir de livres d’images, (iii) du lexique issu de ces données, (iv) ainsi que de phrases d’élicitation libres, généralement en rapport avec les textes. La langue de travail et de traduction a toujours été le français. Phonologie et tonologie : La phonologie segmentale de l’ikposso uwi (chap. 1) est relativement simple. Les schèmes syllabiques sont peu nombreux et peu complexes. La principale caractéristique de la phonologie segmentale est l’harmonisation vocalique, avec un système à 10 voyelles. L’ikposso est une langue tonale (chap. 2). Les tons sont essentiels au niveau lexical mais supportent aussi des informations grammaticales. Il y a quatre tons ponctuels en uwi. Morphologie : Le nom et le syntagme nominal sont étudiés dans le chap. 3. La morphologie nominale est peu développée, contrairement à la morphologie verbale qui est très riche. Les adpositions font l’objet du chap. 4 et les pronoms celui du chap. 5. Les autres catégories de mots sont répertoriées dans le chap. 6. La morphologie verbale est beaucoup plus complexe que la morphologie nominale, avec de nombreux auxiliaires et préfixes de personne et d’aspect (chap. 7). Ce chapitre montre la richesse du système aspectuel.Syntaxe : L’ikposso est une langue avec un ordre des mots relativement fixe, SVOX. Cette caractéristique est toutefois en évolution, comme le montrent les constructions sérielles avec le verbe yɔ̄‘prendre’ (chap. 13) qui conduisent à un ordre des mots SOVX dans certains contextes discursifs. Le chap. 8 présente les différents types énonciatifs de phrases ainsi que les prédicats non verbaux. Le chap. 9 décrit le système de transitivité et de valence de la langueIntroduction : This thesis is a phonological and grammatical description of Ikposo Uwi, language of the phylum Niger-Congo and Kwa family. It is spoken in Togo by the people Akposso, about 150 000 people that live in the Région des Plateaux. This language divides itself into six dialects : Logbo, Uma, Uwi, Litimé, Ikponou and Amou-Oblo. The study relies on a corpus composed of (i) 36 narratives, (ii) elicitedsentences from picture books, (iii) the lexicon build on these data, (iv) and elicited sentences, generally in connection with the texts. The language used during work session and for translation has always been French.Phonology et tonology : The segmental phonology of Ikposo Uwi (Chapter 1) is quite simple. There are few syllabic schemes and they are not complex. The main characteristic is vocalic harmony, with a 10 vowel system.Ikposo is a tonal language (Chapter 2). Tones are very important on a lexical level, but they encode grammatical informations too. There are four level tones in the Uwi dialect.Morphologie : Nouns and nominal phrases are studied in Chapter 3. Nominal morphology is not very much developed, on the contrary to the rich verbal morphology, with auxiliaries, person index and aspectual prefixes (Chapter 7). Adpositions are studied in Chapter 4 and pronouns in Chapter 5. The other categories are identified in Chapter 6.Syntaxe : The word order is quite rigid : SVOX. This feature is however evolving, as we can see with the yɔ̄ serial verb construction (Chapter 13) that lead to a SOVX word order in some specific discursive contexts.Chapter 8 presents the different enunciative sentence types as well as non verbal predicates.Chapter 9 describes the transitivity and valency system of the language. Modifications in the argument structure are generally not morphologically marked. The only exception is the grammaticalization of 3rd person singular commitative pronoun fà : it makes a transitive-causative construction out fromverbs usually found in intransitive constructions. Ikposo uses massively serial verb constructions. Syntax and types of Ikposo’s serial verb constructions are studied in Chapter 10.The verb dʊ́‘to be at, to put’ (Chapter 11) is one of the most frequent positional verbs, due to its broad meaning. It is also used a lot as V2 in serial verb constructions : with this function dʊ́ undergoes either a grammaticalization process or a lexicalization process. The verb ká‘to give’ (Chapter 12), as V2 of serial verb constructions, undergoes a grammaticalization process, with a global dative meaning.The verb yɔ̄‘to take’ (Chapter 13) is used in serial verb constructions that tend to modify the word order of the arguments from SVO to SOV in some discursive contexts. yɔ̄introduces the object of the main verb or represents it on the main verb. In the latter case, the grammaticalized verb is prefixed yɔ̄-.Chapter 14 gathers the other frequent verbs that do not have a dedicated chapter. Among them, we find lɛ́‘to be, to be at’ used as a copula, bá‘to come’ and ɣā‘to go’ used as deictic verbs, tʊ̄‘to come from’ that grammaticalizes into a prepositional locution, and bā ‘to exceed’ used in comparative serial verbconstructions. Chapter 15 analyses the complex sentences of Ikposo. Among them, completivesare probably the most interesting. They are from two types : build with nominalized verbal predicates or with the quotative nʊ̄, more generally marker of reported speech.Finally, Chapter 16 shows the information structure of the language. I mostly studied the morphological markers of that structure, but a deeper analysis should show that the structure is more complex that these markers let think
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Agoli-Agbo, Eliane Olga. "Les particules énonciatives du fon : les particules d'insistance." Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0022.
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Cette thèse a consisté à étudier le fonctionnement de six particules énonciatives du fon, à savoir les particules d'insistance h. . . N "donc", sin "mais", mÀ "dans", lá "j'insiste", lóo "je t'averstis" et nÁ "là". Dans l'optique de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Enonciatives (TOPE) d'Antoine Culioli, chacune de ces particules y a été considérée comme marqueur d'opération ou de polyopérations énonciative(s). L'étude de ces petits mots souvent oubliés ou négligés dans les descriptions sur le fon, mais abondamment utilisés dans les conversations courantes a été menée de manière à examiner à chaque fois non seulement l'ensemble des emplois de la particule dans la langue mais également des liens possibles de la particule étudiée avec d'autres termes proches. En effet, le fon étant une langue majoritairement monosyllabique, plusieurs de ces particules ont également des termes qui leur sont totalement identiques phonétiquement. On a pu ainsi montrer le caractère transcatégoriel (problème de polysémie) de certains lexèmes du fon, mais surtout révéler la polyfonctionnalité de plusieurs particules d'insistance du fon. Cette étude a été présentée en deux parties : une première, consacrée à l'étude individualisée des cinq particules d'insistance que sont dans l'ordre, les particules h. . . N, sin, mÀ, lá et lóo, a permis d'identifier la nature spécifique de l'opération que marque chaque particule, son apport à la construction du sens de l'énoncé qu'elle marque, quelles valeurs elle donne à ce dernier selon le contextes de ses emplois. Elle s'achève par une étude comparative de ces cinq particules dans le but de montrer leurs spécificités et différences d'emplois. Une deuxième partie a été consacrée à l'étude de la particule nÀ, une particule aux emplois variés et complexes qui joue un rôle remarquable dans la focalisation ostensive, qui fonctionne comme particule d'insistance et a la particularité d'être la seule particule énonciative à entrer dans son fonctionnement discursif, en combinatoire avec l'ensemble des cinq autres particules d'insistance du fon que nous avons analyséesThis thesis has studied how six Fon enunciative particles work : the six emphatic particles h. . . N "hence", sin "but", mÀ "in", lá "I insist", lóo "I am warning you", and nÁ "there". Followinf Antoine Culioli's theory of Predicative and Enunciative Operations (TOPE), each of the six particles has been studied as a marker of one or several enunciative operations. The study of these little words, often forgotten or neglected in descriptions of the Fon language, but abundantly used in everyday conversations, has been conducted each time in such a way as to examine, not only the whole of the use of the particle in the language, but also the possible links of the particle under study with terms that are phonetically identical. We have thus been able to show the transcategorial properties of some Fon lexemes (polysemy), but most of all, to reveal the polyfunctionality of several Fon emphatic particles. This study has been divided into two parts : the first one, devoted to the individual study of the five following emphatic particles h. . . N, sin, mÀ, lá and lóo. This has enabled us to identify the specific nature of the operation marked by each particles, its contribution to the construction of the meaning of the utterance it marks, which values, it gives to this utterance according to the contexts where it is used. This part is completed with a comparative study of the five particles, aimed at showing their various and specific uses. The second part has been devoted to the study of the particle nÀ. This particle has complex and various uses and plays a remarkable role in ostensive focus. When it functions as a discourse particle, it is able to combine with all the other five emphatic particles that have been studied in the first part
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Ingegerd, Andrén. "Transculturalism and Modernism in Leung Ping-kwan ́s writing." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194210.
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More than 45 million ethnic Chinese are settled outside China and about 20 % among them live in America. The aim of this study is to investigate how a Hong Kong writer in the diaspora has been influenced in his writing in a transcultural and modernist direction and in what way translation can be a part of transculturalism. In this study, the author 梁秉鈞 Leung Ping-kwan (1949-2013) has been selected as an example of this. The study is based on prose and lyrical texts by him. Studies of Chinese in the diaspora have long been neglected, but in recent years, Chinese American academics have begun research into Chinese diaspora literature from a transcultural perspective. This study aims to contribute to transcultural literary studies. In the study of Leung Ping-kwan ́s texts, a comparative literary analysis is used which is based on theories of identity and transculturalism. I argue that Leung Ping-kwan's writing is characterized by transcultural and modernist features.超过 4,500 万华人定居在中国境外，其中约 20%居住在美国。 这项研究的 目的是调查一位香港作家如何在跨文化和现代主义的方向上影响他的写作， 以及翻译以何种方式可以成为跨文化主义的一部分。 在本研究中，以作家 梁秉钧 1949-2013)为例。 这项研究基于他的散文与诗文。 长期以来，对 海外华人文学的研究一直被忽视，但近年来，美国华裔学者已开始从跨文 化的角度对华桥华人文学进行研究。 这项研究旨在为跨文化文学研究做出 贡献。 在对梁炳宽的著作进行研究时，采用了基于身份和跨文化主义理论 的比较文学分析。 我认为梁的著作具有跨文化和现代主义的特征。
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Kimura, Ka'iu. "'Imiloa: He kalailaina i ka 'awili pu 'ana i ka 'ike 'epekema kilo hoku me ka mauli ola Hawai'i ma ka po'aiapili o ke kikowaena ho'ona'auao Pepa Laeo'o /." University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1937737671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=23658&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Aleksej, Kišjuhas. "Telesne, individualne i društvene dimenzije emocija: ka razvoju integrisane sociološke teorije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=94225&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Ova disertacija se bavi telesnim, individualnim i društvenim dimenzijama emocija u cilju razvoja integrisane sociološke teorije (emocija). U uvodnom poglavlju je data podrobna analiza određenja emocija kroz istoriju i u istoriji filozofije, kako bi se analiza njihovog naučnog istraživanja ukorenila u prikladni socioistorijski i epistemološki kontekst. Ovo poglavlje odlikuje i pojmovna analiza, odnosno izlaganje različitih definicija emocija u naukama, kao i razgraničenje između pojmova emocija, osećanja, afekata, raspoloženja, osećaja i emocionalnosti.
Drugo poglavlje posvećeno je analizi telesnih dimenzija emocija i emocionalnosti. Ono obuhvata evolucione osnove emocija, pre svega putem analize izražavanja i evolucije emocija kod čoveka i ne-ljudskih životinja. U ovom poglavlju predstavljene su i neurofiziološke determinante emocija, uz lociranje emocionalnog iskustva u ljudskoj neuroanatomiji i neurohemiji. Zatim je analiziran teorijski program afektivne neuronauke kao korak ka integraciji saznanja iz neuronauka, evolucione biologije i (kognitivne) psihologije.
Naredno poglavlje obuhvata analizu individualnog iskustva emocija, odnosno osećanja individue, fokusirajući se na teoretisanje o elementima i sekvencama navedenog iskustva. Analiziran je međuodnos emocija i individualnog ponašanja, uključujući tu i psihofiziološku i psihoneurološku tradiciju, kao i psihodinamičke, bihevioralne, razvojne i motivacione aspekte osećajnosti. Drugi deo poglavlja čini analiza veze između emocija i spoznaje, odnosno kognitivnih dimenzija osećajnosti. Kao integrativni poduhvat u okviru izučavanja individualnih dimenzija emocija analizirane su psihoevoluciona tradicija i evoluciona psihologija (emocija) kao modeli za integraciju saznanja iz evolucione biologije i psihologije emocija.
Zatim se predstavljaju i problematizuju međuodnos (izučavanja) emocija i društva, odnosno društvene dimenzije emocija. Na prvom mestu prikazano je ambivalentno mesto (i implicitno prisustvo) koje su emocije i ljudska emocionalnost imali u klasičnim sociološkim teorijama, kao teorijskoj osnovi za potonje razmatranje veze emocija i društva. Predstavljeni su i razvoj, institucionalizacija i debate u samoj sociologiji emocija kao zasebnoj sociološkoj disciplini, uz poseban naglasak na metateoriji ove sociološke discipline. Na kraju je, kao korak ka integrisanoj sociološkoj teoriji, analiziran program neurosociologije (emocija), kao specifične integracije sociologije i neuronauka.
Peto poglavlje bavi se fenomenom i relevantnošću sociologije emocija po sociološku teoriju, odnosno istraživanjem emocija u sociologiji kao modelom za rekonstrukciju sociološke teorije na adekvatnijim epistemološkim osnovama. Da bi se ovo postiglo, polje emocija prikazuje se u kontekstu nekoliko fundamentalnih koncepata klasične sociologije, odnosno sociološke teorije: društvene moći (i klase i statusa), rituala, identiteta i kulture. Naime, uz analizu klasičnih socioloških teorija ovih fenomena, ponuđeni su modeli njihove (re)konceptualizacije u svetlu saznanja sociologije emocija, ali i drugih disciplina koje izučavaju emocije.
U šestom i zaključnom poglavlju detaljno se pristupa problemu nivoa ili jedinice analize u sociologiji, kao i problemu odnosa sociologije prema drugim naukama o životu (a samim tim i problemu naučnog karaktera sociologije), te načinima za njihovo rešavanje upotrebom saznanja, koncepata i modela sociologije emocija. Posebnu ulogu u tom zadatku imaju konkretni aspekti pojedinih teorija emocija koje su predstavljene kao egzemplari integrisanih teorija u metateorijskom, odnosno epistemološkom smislu.
U skladu sa tim, u zaključku je data i procena ranije predstavljenih teorija sa integrišućim ambicijama, poput afektivne neuronauke, psihoevolucione teorije, neurosociologije i drugih. Na osnovu saznanja i zaključaka izvedenih iz prethodnih poglavlja disertacije, analiziraju se i razvijaju modeli mikro–makro i biopsihosocijalne integrisane teorije ljudskih emocija, i nude sugestije za razvoj integrisane teorije ljudske socijalnosti (i/ili ljudskog društva). Dakle, telesne, individualne i društvene dimenzije emocija i determinante emocionalnosti se koriste i predstavljaju u svetlu dokaza za mogućnost prevazilaženja metodoloških, metateorijskih i epistemoloških problema sociološke teorije.
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Renholm, Anna. "Koa at Stina : Omskrivning av genitiv med prepositionen åt i svenska dialekter." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313893.
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Uppsatsen beskriver dialektala genitivuttryck omskrivna med prepositionen åt i nio svenska landskap. Syftet är att analysera sådana konstruktioner och se hur den geografiska distributionen ser ut. Materialet består främst av samlingarna till Ordbok över Sveriges dialekter. Excerperade belägg har analyserats och ur resultatet av analysen kunde två mönster urskiljas. Det ena bestod enbart av släktskaps- och vänskapsgenitiv. I det andra, däremot, hittades belagda former med såväl släktskaps-och vänskapsgenitiv som possessionsgenitiv. I angränsande delar av Norge har belägg påträffats med sådana konstruktioner, vilket kan förklara det sistnämnda mönstret. Det framkom att de vanligaste kombinationerna för dessa genitivuttryck utgjordes av personbetecknande appellativ som kärnled och egennamn som rektion i attributet. I Värmland återfanns en konstruktion med ett egennamn i både kärnled och attribut. Denna konstruktion har inte kunnat påträffas i de övriga landskapen. Rektionen bestod främst av ett- och tvåordsuttryck. Prepositionen åt uttrycker främst relationer; om en dialekt har possessionsgenitiv har den även släktskaps- och vänskapsgenitiv.
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Takahashi, Sonoko. "The Interrogative Marker KA in Japanese." Connect to this title online, 1995. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1116614186.
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Rananga, Namadzavho Esther. "Mushumo wa vhalala kha mvelele ya Tshivenda zho livhanywa na theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2323.
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Thesis (M.A.(African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2009.Tshipikwa tsha ngudo iyi ho vha u sedzulusa zwine vhalala vha nga thusa ngazwo kha u kona u tandulula thaidzo dzine ra vha nadzo ano maḓuvha. Ri tshi sedza miṱa i khou pwashea ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe nga ṅwambo wa u shaya ngeletshedzo dza vhalala nga maanḓa vha vhushaka ha malofha. Zwo vhonala kha ino ngudo uri vhaṅwe vhaṅwali na vhasengulusi vho vhona zwi zwa ndeme u kona u ṱalutshedza ndeme ya vhalala na zwine vha eletshedza. U shumiswa ha theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha zwo kona u vhonala uri nga ngoho, ya swika hune ya tevhelwa na u ṱhonifhiwa zwi ḓo ita uri ḽi kone u lala miṱani yashu. Nga u nyadza ngeletshedzo dzi bvaho kha vhalala zwo sumbedzwa kha ino ngudo uri vhathu vha nga dzula vha tshi vhaisala vhutshiloni havho. Zwenezwo theminolodzhi ya vhushaka ha malofha ndi zwa ndeme uri i ṱhonifhiwe ngauri i ṋea tshirunzi miṱa na uri miṱa ya sa kwashekane na u fhalala.
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Goran, Vasić. "Primena multi-kriterijumske analize u dizajniranju energetskih politika orijentisanih ka podršci razvoja obnovljivih izvora energije." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=99848&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Razvojem i testiranjem autentičnog modela dokazano je da se primenom multikriterijumske analize uz primenu PROMETHEE metode može kreirati funkcionalan, operativan i primenljiv alat za dizajniranje energetskih politika orijentisanih ka podršci razvoja obnovljivih izvora energije. Model je testiran na energetskom profilu Grada Novog Sada. Pretpostavljeno je da lokalne vlasti Grada Novog Sada imaju nameru da dizajniraju razvojnu politiku/meru sa ciljem da podstaknu korišćenje obnovljivih izvora energije za grejanje stambenih objekata (porodičnih kuća) i pripremu tople sanitarne vode.Development and testing of an authentic model has proven that the application of multi-criteria analysis by applying the PROMETHEE method can create a functional, operational and applicable tool for designing energy policy oriented towards supporting the development of renewable energy sources. It is assumed that local authorities in Novi Sad have the intetion to design development policies / actions in order to promote the use of renewable source for heating residental buldings (family houses) and hot water.
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Schmidt, Martin. "Neologismen der 90er Jahre ? Kenntnis und Einstellungen unter Deutschsprecher/innen aus Kitchener-Waterloo." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2819.
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In 2004, the Institut für Deutsche Sprache published the neologism dictionary "Neuer Wortschatz: Neologismen der 90er Jahre im Deutschen", which contains new words that entered the German language during the 1990s (for example "Elchtest" and "Handy"). Based on this dictionary this master's thesis examines to what extent those new words have reached the vocabulary of German speakers in the German language island of Kitchener-Waterloo, Ontario. Moreover, it describes the attitudes of the local speakers of German towards these new words. First, the term neologism is defined, different types of neologisms are presented and a review of research on German neologisms in general is given. Second, the historical background of the German speakers in Kitchener-Waterloo is described. The focal point of this thesis, however, is on the methodology of the study and on the results of the actual research coming from a data collection amongst German speakers of Kitchener-Waterloo. On the one hand, the focus of the analysis is on the question to what extent this language change in the German language in Europe has reached them. Hence knowledge and usage of the neologisms are examined. On the other hand, the focus is on the attitudes the interviewees have towards these new words. Both aspects are compared to the result of the same study administered to German speakers, who lived during the 1990s in Germany. Hence knowledge and attitudes of the Canadian German speakers can be compared to those of speakers in Germany.
The results show that the participants from Germany knew more neologisms than those from Kitchener Waterloo. Concerning attitudes, both groups showed a slightly positive attitude towards the neologisms with interesting differences regarding certain types of neologisms.
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Koffi, Tougbo. "L'élément portugais dans les univers linguistique et onomastique du Golfe de Guinée : étude de cas." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030095/document.
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Du XVe au XVII siècle, le Portugal a occupé la première place parmi les Etats les plus avancés de son temps. Et c’est pendant cette époque que les explorateurs de ce pays ont parcouru les océans lors d’expéditions qui les ont amenés en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique et en Océanie. Or, le contact des peuples et des cultures a toujours été source d’influences réciproques de nature diverse et multiforme. Nous nous proposons d’étudier, dans cette thèse, les empreintes lusitaniennes dans le Golfe de Guinée. La recherche a été menée dans la partie australe de la Côte d’Ivoire, du Ghana, du Togo et du Bénin et elle se fonde sur un corpus composé de quelques centaines d’entrées que nous avons répertoriées à travers une recherche bibliographique et une enquête de huit ans sur le terrain. L’analyse de ces données, se fait selon une méthode qui combine à la fois l’histoire et le structuralisme dans son approche contrastive car, il s’agit, en réalité, de comparer deux systèmes linguistiques : le portugais et des langues Niger-Congo des groupes langues kru et kwa. L’étude se tisse autour de trois parties : la première partie fait un rappel historique des rapports luso-africains puis délimite l’univers géographique cible; la seconde étudie l’emprunt lexical portugais dans les principales langues de la région; enfin, la troisième et dernière partie, aborde la question des emprunts onomastiques portugais dans la régionFrom XVth to XVIIth century, Portugal has been ranking first among the most advanced nations of its time. It is during that era that the explorers helped this country to reach out Africa, Asia, America and Oceania. But any contact with peoples and cultures has always been a source of various and multifaceted reciprocal influences. In this thesis, we will study the lusitanian impressions in the Guinea Gulf. The research has been conducted in the southern part of Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo and Benin and is based on a corpus made up of some hundreds of words that we have listed in a bibliography and an investigation that we have carried out in the field during eight years. The analysis of data is done according to a bipolar method which combines history and structuralism in its contrastive approach because, in reality, we are comparing two linguistic systems: portuguese, kru and kwa languages of the Niger-Congo family. The study includes three parts; the first part deals with the historical background of luso-african relationships then delineates the targeted geographic realms; the second part studies the portuguese lexical borrowings in the main languages of the region; finally, the third and last part touches on the issue of portuguese onomastic borrowings in the region
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Jovan, Mirčeta. "Prisustvo, karakterizacija i kontrolne opcije za Salmonella enterica u lancu mesa divlje svinje." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2017. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=104689&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Istraživanje je sprovedeno u cilju utvrđivanja prisustva i raširenosti infekcije sa Salmonella enterica u populaciji divljih svinja u lovnim gazdinstvima u Republici Srbiji, kao i uticaju procesa lova i obrade trupova divljih svinja na njihov mikrobiološki status. U pogledu jednog od najznačajnijih alimentarnih patogena u divljih svinja, Salmonella enterica, ukupno je ispitano 425 jedinki, odstreljenih u 12 lovnih gazdinstava. Ukupna prevalencija Salmonella je iznosila 4,2%. Najviše izolata je dobijeno iz fecesa (13, odnosno 3,1%), dok je iz brisa kože i površine mesa trupova dobijeno 3 (0,7%) odnosno 4 izolata (0,9%) i samo 1 izolat iz mezenterijalnog limfnog čvora (0,2%). Serotipizacijom izolata Salmonella enterica potvrđeni su serotipovi S. Enteritidis (71.4% od ukupnog broja izolata), S. Typhimurium (23,8%) i S. Infantis (samo jedan izolat, 4,8%). Salmonella enterica je statistički značajno češće utvrđena kod životinja iz otvorenog lovišta, kao i kod jedinki ženskog pola starijih od 36 meseci i težih od 75 kg. Molekularnom karakterizacijom izolata Salmonella enterica metodom elektroforeze u pulsirajućem polju (PFGE) utvrđeni su identični profil S. Typhimurium iz fecesa i na površini mesa trupa iste divlje svinje, što ukazuje na prenos ovog patogena sa fecesa na meso trupa tokom evisceracije. Takođe su metodom PFGE utvrđeni identični i/ili visoko srodni profili Salmonella enterica kod divljih svinja poreklom iz različitih lovišta i između divljih svinja, domaćih svinja i živine poreklom sa farmi u okolini lovišta. Ovo ukazuje na postojanje genetske veze, kao i mogućnost postojanja epidemiološke veze između divljih svinja i domaćih životinja u pogledu ovog patogena. Utvrđena je visoka mikrobiološka kontaminacija kože i mesa trupova divljih svinja bakterijama indikatorima opšte i fekalne kontaminacije. Na osnovu uzorkovanih 210 divljih svinja, izlovljenih u 8 lovišta, prosečan ukupan broj bakterija (ACC) utvrđen na koži bio je je 5,2 log10 cfu/cm2, a broj Enterobacteriaceae (EBC) 3,6 log10 cfu/cm2. Prosečan ACC utvrđen na mesu trupova iznosio je 5,4 log10 cfu/cm2, a EBC 3,8 log10 cfu/cm2. Viši nivo mikrobiološke kontaminacije na mesu trupova divljih svinja u odnosu na kožu ukazuje da drugi izvori kontaminacije (prolivanje sadržaja creva kao posledice ustreljivanja u abdomen i druge nehigijenske procedure tokom obrade trupova) igraju važniju ulogu u kontaminaciji mesa trupova nego koža. Na mikrobiološki status trupova su najviše uticale procedure lova i obrade trupova, pa je na nivou pojedinih lovišta utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između trupova ispravno odstreljenih životinja i onih pogođenih u abdomen. Na viši nivo mikrobiološke kontaminacije sa ACC i EBC su takođe uticale procedura evisceracije na terenu na otvorenom u ležećem položaju na zemlji i bez dostupne čiste vode, kao i veoma nehigijenska praksa pranja kože i unutrašnjih površina trupova nakon obavljene evisceracije. Rezultati ovog istraživanja značajno doprinose razumevanju epidemiologije Salmonella enterica u divljih svinja u Srbiji i rizičnih faktora koji utiču na njeno širenje i mogućnost prenosa na ljude alimentarnim putem, kao i uticaja procesa lova i obrade trupova divljih svinja na njihov mikrobiološki status. Oni takođe predstavljaju i naučnu osnovu za dalji razvoj strategija za kontrolu S. enterica u populaciji divljih svinja u Srbiji i sveukupne mikrobiološke kontaminacije mesa trupova.The presence and distribution of Salmonella enterica infection in wild boar population in hunting estates in Serbia was studied, as well as the impact of hunting and carcass dressing procedures on their microbiological conditions. With respect to the main foodborne pathogen from wild boars, Salmonella enterica, the total number of 425 wild boars, originating from 12 hunting estates, was examined. The overall Salmonella prevalence was 4.2%. Isolates were recovered from faeces (13, representing 3.1%), while fewer from skin and carcass meat swabs, i.e. 3 (0.7%) and 4 (0.9%) respectively and only one isolate from mesenteric lymph node (0.2%). Serotyping of S. enterica isolates confirmed serotypes S. Enteritidis (71.4% of total numbers of isolates), S. Typhimurium (23.8%) and S. Infantis (only one isolate, 4.8%). Salmonella enterica was more often found in animals originating from open hunting estates, and from females older than 36 months weighing >75 kg. Molecular characterisation of S. enterica isolates using Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed identical profile of S. Typhimurium from the faeces and carcass meat surface of the same animal, indicating transmission of this pathogen from the faeces to carcass meat during evisceration. Also, identical and/or highly related profiles of S. enterica were determined from wild boars from different hunting estates and between wild boars and domestic pigs and poultry from nearby farms in close proximity to hunting estates. This indicate the existence of genetic link, and possibility of epidemiological link as well between wild boars and domestic animals in respect to this microbial pathogen. High microbial contamination of wild boar skin and carcass meat with indicators of general and faecal contamination was found. Based on 210 sampled wild boars from eight hunting estates, the mean aerobic colony counts (ACC) on wild boar skin was 5,2 log10 cfu/cm2 and Enterobacteriaceae counts (EBC) 3,6 log10 cfu/cm2. The mean ACC on carcass meat was 5,4 log10 cfu/cm2, and EBC 3,8 log10 cfu/cm2. Higher levels of microbial contamination on wild boar carcass meat comparing to the skin indicate that sources other than skin (such as gut content spilage due to abdominal shot, as well as other unhygienic carcass dressing procedures) play important role in carcass meat contamination. Hunting and dressing procedures mostly influenced carcass meat microbial conditions, hence statistically significant difference was observed between properly shot animals and animals shot in abdominal region, as shown on the individual hunting estate level. Other procedures also had an influence on the higher carcass meat microbial contamination with ACC and EBC, such as evisceration in the field in lying position on the ground and without access to a clean water, as well as very unhygienic practice of washing skin and interior carcass surfaces after completed evisceration. The results from this study significantly contribute to the understanding of Salmonella enterica epidemiology in wild boars in Serbia and risk factors that contribute to its spread and transmission to humans, as well as to the impact of hunting and carcass dressing procedures on their microbial status. These results are also sound scientific basis for further development of control strategies for S. enterica in wild boar population in Serbia and control of overall microbial contamination on wild boar carcass meat.
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Toot, Tiffany. "A Comparison Study: The Impacts of Montessori and Conventional Elementary Standards-Based Language Arts Curricula on Preschool Students’ Phonemic Awareness and Reading Readiness Skills." University of Findlay / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=findlay1565215112222622.
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Nogelmeier, Marvin Puakea. "Mai Pa'a I Ka Leo: Historical voice in Hawaiian primary materials, looking forward and listening back." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/1252.
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This dissertation explores a unique body of historical writings published in the native-language newspapers of the Hawaiian kingdom during the 19th century and examines the incorporation of these materials into contemporary knowledge. Scholars of the 20th century have translated a fraction of the historical material, reorganized its contents and published those portions as reference texts on Hawaiian history, culture and ethnography. These English presentations, along with other translated texts have become an English-language canon of Hawaiian reference material that is widely used today. The canon of translated texts is problematic in that it alters the works of the original authors, recasting important auto-representational writings by Hawaiians of the 19th century into a modern Western framework. General reliance upon these translated texts has fostered a level of authority for the canon texts similar to that of primary source material. Such authority and reliance have in many ways eclipsed the Hawaiian authors' original works and have obscured the larger corpus of published writings from the period. General acceptance of the sufficiency of the translated works, a dearth of access tools and few fluent readers of Hawaiian has resulted in much of the archive of historical material remaining unutilized and largely inaccessible to date. However, the impetus of Hawaiian language renewal efforts and more recent Hawaiian scholarship has brought new attention to this body of writings, and such awareness is generating new efforts to rearticulate this neglected resource into the production of knowledge, now and in the future.
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Ubisi, L. L. "Nkucetelo wa vukriste eku vumbeni ka swimunhuhatwa swa vavasati eka matsalwa ya Sasavona hi D.C. Marivate na Ri Xile hi S.B. Nxumalo." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2362.
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Thesis (M.A.(African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013The main aim of this study is to examine the way in which women are explored and explained by authors with special reference to Xitsonga novels, Ri xile by S.B. Nxumalo and Sasavona by D.C. Marivate. The first chapter reveals the general outline of the study, the problem statement, the aim, the importance and its methodology. The most important terms of the study has been explained in this chapter so as to reveal what is expected to be analyzed. Chapter two gives short summary of the novels Sasavona by D.C. Marivate and Ri xile by S.B. Nxumalo which have been examined together with the history of their authors. The definitions of the word characters and characterization have been included and defined in this chapter. In this chapter, the novels which have been selected to be analysed have been analysed. Chaper three explains, defines and analysed the themes of selected two novels. The definitions of theme has been given in this chapter. This definitions will make readers to understand what theme is. Chapter four deals with the setting or milieu of the above mentioned novels. Chapter five deals with the general summary of this mini-dissertation. The recommendations and recommendations for further research have been indicated in this chapter.
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Edwards, Shane. "Titiro whakamuri kia marama ai te wao nei : whakapapa epistemologies and Maniapoto Maori cultural identities : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Massey University." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1252.
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The work I have presented here pulls together Maori epistemologies as evidenced in the whakapapa knowledge particularly of Ngati Maniapoto to see if and where connection lies with understandings of Maori cultural wellbeing. Whakapapa knowledge is the unbounded collection of theory, observation and experience as seen through Maori eyes. It is intricately connected by whakapapa, a tool for working with and extrapolating understanding and is the common thread that binds hapu, whanau and iwi (O’Regan, 2001). The aim is to investigate contemporary Maori realities with a strong interest in these traditions of wisdom and knowing. The rangahau presented here is of necessity both deconstructive and reconstructive. As a deconstructive project the rangahau seeks to place under the microscope of indigenous gaze the colonial theoretical, ethical, moral and political construction of Maori ways of knowing and being and the ontological orders of western paradigms and non-Maori worldview (Romero-Little, 2006). As a constructive project I am concerned with placing on the record and opening up sites for, but not defining, Maori epistemology as legitimate and ‘tika’ and at the same time putting forward ‘alternate epistemologies’ (Collins, 1991; Lopez, 1998; Smith, 1999; Marsden, 2003) that challenge certified knowledge and critically challenges dominant constructions of the truth as related to knowing. The implications of these explorations of epistemologies for Maori lives, opportunities and experience are also considered. This work argues for the maintenance of Maori cultural identities via whakapapa knowledge using connections to Maori ways of knowing. This includes examination of the effects of coming to terms with, of encountering, coming to terms with and engaging with Maori cultural practices, as well as, processes commonly referred to as ‘culture shock’ (Weaver, 1993) the psychological, emotional and physical responses to the phenomenon of identity reclamation and how these realities can be negotiated. What I found is that Maori knowledge systems are replete with elements that contribute positively to the maintenance of cultural identities and these identities are uniquely and distinctively contextually and culturally relevant. These systems have been and continue to be threatened by the impacts of colonisation and colonial ideologies. The work has found that elders and relevant contexts retain and provide a large volume of knowledge that when engaged with can provide useful insights into living within Maori paradigms that can enhance wellbeing in the present. Maori communities and whanau are under high levels of stress with the pressures of contemporary living and the dis-location from ancestral lands, and the living activities, knowledge sharing opportunities and learning practices they support. This work seeks to offer up solutions via the maintenance, enhancement and advancement of cultural identities as a way for mediating and removing some of the effects of the stresses. The implications are that the continued disconnection of Maori from unique cultural identities informed by whakapapa korero knowledge may serve to weaken important elements and connections to an individual’s and group’s cultural identity, including personal history, stories, land and people. The potential exists for further investigation of how crucial cultural connections that acknowledge contemporary realities and yet support the maintenance of cultural identities with strong and vibrant connections to whakapapa korero knowledge connections might be maintained, enhanced and advanced. Additionally, the work here opens up the space for and advocates for much deeper exploration of distinctive elements of a groups identity through contextually located knowledge in forms such as waiata, purakau, pakiwaitara, whakairo, rongoa, wairua and the many other knowledge forms of tea o Maori to further depths/heights not yet achieved to reclaim (k)new and subjugated knowledge forms. This potential is exciting but there are a range of risks involved (including appropriations of indigenous knowledge) that requires certain minimum standards of knowledge protection such as discerning which knowledge is suitable for public consumption and that which is not. This is most suitably done after receiving guidance from the knowledge holders as to what the appropriate forums for such knowledge might be and analysing risks for abuse, risks of misinterpretation and risks of unintended use that might cause whakama. The enquiry suggested above as being of benefit is of course a deeply personal exploration and ideas of what is appropriate for public consumption and what is not is something that must be explored at the time of enquiry. As in my work here I was asked to include some things and to exclude others as a result of views by the elders that the public consumption of some knowledge they contributed was inappropriate to be shared beyond our korero because it could be perceived in a number of ways, some helpful and some not, for the people concerned, or for different groups of people. The knowledge that has been shared here and that which has not has therefore been discerned.
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Thurston, Timothy O'Connor. "Laughter on the Grassland: A Diachronic Study of A mdo Tibetan Comedy and the Public Intellectual in Western China." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430960495.
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Barty, Karin, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "Students' experiences of e-learning at school." Deakin University. School of Education, 2001. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040614.145900.
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The dissertation describes the experiences of senior secondary students taking an online course for the first time to further their language education. The experiences are presented from the perspective of students, of supervising teachers and the 'virtual' teacher. Issues of importance with younger learners are identified and discussed and guidelines for the conduct of online courses at school level developed. It is proposed that online courses may have a worthwhile place in school education if specific learning needs can be met using this medium.
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Kasimonje, Bahati M. "Impact of aircraft noise and language on primary school learners' reading comprehension in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12601.
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Today’s world is a fast developing world, with the transportation sector being one of the fastest developing sectors (Goldschagg, 2007). Through technologies such as an aircraft, one is able to travel across the globe in shorter periods of time. Unfortunately such progress often comes with environmental hazards; one such hazard being environmental noise (Stansfeld et al., 2005). However there has been little attention given to the effects of environmental noise, with much research focusing on aspects such as lead and air pollution on people’s wellbeing (Stansfeld et al., 2005). Yet environmental noise particularly aircraft noise is increasingly becoming an inevitable part of people’s world and has consequences on health, cognitive development and overall quality of life. Consequently this study investigates the impact of aircraft noise on a crucial component of learning (Reading Comprehension). Primary school learners in KwaZulu- Natal (N=834) scores on a test measuring Reading Comprehension (Suffolk Reading Scale2) were compared across a control group and an experimental group. Furthermore because Reading Comprehension involves language acquisition, in addition to investigating the impact of aircraft noise the impact of having English as an additional language on Reading Comprehension was also investigated. Learning in South Africa is predominantly facilitated in English while South Africa has eleven official languages with nine of them being indigenous languages. English for many learners may only be a second or even third language. Significant results were observed for both aircraft noise and language on reading comprehension as well as an interaction effect.
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Manson, Theresa Anne. "A relationship between matriculation English results and academic performance in nursing students at the Kwa-Zulu Natal College of nursing." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1247.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree in Masters of Technology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Durban University of Technology. 2014.Background The KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing trains students to be professional nurses through the R425 programme. Teaching and evaluation are done in English, although the majority speak isiZulu as their home language. Due to inequalities in the South African schooling system, many English Additional Language (EAL) student nurses have poor English proficiency and struggle academically. There is a need to ensure that those selected for nurse-training are academically successful. Aim of the study The aim of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between English proficiency, determined by the matriculation English results, and first-year nursing academic results. Methodology A quantitative design was used, and comprised of two phases, namely a self-administered questionnaire and a correlation, retrospective record-review. The total population of first-year nurses was 271. The participating sample amounted to 133 consenting nurses, undertaking the R425 programme at KwaZulu-Natal College of Nursing campuses. Stratification sampling was used to ensure that approximately half the sample of nurses attended a rural campus and half attended an urban campus. Random sampling was then used to select the urban campuses and the rural campuses from where students were invited to participate. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis as well as regression analysis was applied, using the SPSS version 20.0. Results Matriculation English appears to be positively related to many factors including the socio-economic situation when growing up, attending a rural primary school, library access at primary school and access to computers in primary and high school. English additional language nurses prefer to be taught nursing in English and consider it an advantage. The examination failure rate of first-year nurses was 24%. Nurses’ with higher matriculation English results on entry to nurse-training obtained better academic results in first-year nursing examinations. Recommendations Language should not be a barrier to admission into higher education, however a certain threshold of proficiency in the language of instruction is recommended. Under-resourced schools need to be addressed, especially in rural areas, including the language of instruction at schools. The matriculation results of the home language should also be considered in admission criteria to higher education. Policy formulation on formal academic support and language training, especially during the first-year of nurse-training is required for those struggling academically.
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Maimela, Matodzi Dorin. "Vhuvha na ndeme ya mapfanisi kha luambo lwa tshivenda." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2294.
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Pandelani, Konanani Joyce. "Tsenguluso ya zwiila zwa matshilisano kha Tshivenda." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/561.
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Thesis (M. A. (Tshivenda)) --University of Limpopo, 2011The mini-dissertation shows that language and culture go hand in hand. For instance, in Tshivenḓa taboos are largely reflected through language. This study highlights social taboos that exist in Tshivenḓa and how they impact on Tshivenḓa as a language. If someone does not understand the language that is used to express taboos, he or she is likely to violate these taboos. The study deals with social taboos pertaining to marriage, death, birth, relations between relatives and strangers and so on. Nowadays these taboos are becoming unfamiliar and as such this negatively impacts on the use of Tshivenḓa as well as relations among people.
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Sibanda, Kilibone. "Mushumo na vhuimo ha luambo lwa Tshivenda tshititshini tsha Beitbridge kha la Zimbabwe na Tshitirikini tsha Vhembe kha la Africa Tshipembe : ngudo ya mbambedzo." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/425.
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Mudau, Mmbulaheni Lawrence. "Tsenguluso ya maipfi ane a khou ngalangala kha Tsivenda." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2271.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012The title of the research topic is Tsenguluso ya maipfi ane a khou ngalangala kha Tshivenḓa. A multilingual society as South Africa compels a variety of communities to interact with one another. This impacts on languages as well. Tshivenḓa has not escaped this phenomenon as it constantly adopts many words from its sister languages and English in order to cope with the demands of modernity. The study would like to examine this phenomenon as a way of trying to establish the advantages and disadvantages of phasing out what might be termed archaic words and adopting new terms
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Munyai, Vhengani. "U muthufhadzwa ha mirado ya muvhili wa muthu sa ndila ya u bvukulula maidioma kha Tshivenda." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1117.
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PhD (Tshivenda)Senthara ya M. E.R. Mathivha ya Nyambo dza Afrika, Vhutsila na Mvelele
Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo ḓitika kha u ṱoḓisisa u muthufhadzwa ha miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu sa nḓila ya u bvukulula maidioma kha Tshivenḓa hu tshi shumiswa tswikelelo ya u andisa. Vhavenḓa ndi lushaka lune lu wanala Afrika Tshipembe tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, Vunduni ḽa Limpopo nga vhunzhi. ` Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo shumisa na mbambedzo ho sedzwa zwine zwa khou ṱoḓa u swikelelwa. Mbambedzo ndi u sumbedza u fana ha zwithu zwivhili nga zwine zwa vha nazwo. Ho itwa na mbambedzo kha ṱhoḓisiso iyi hu tshi vhambedzwa kutshilele kwa muthu na miraḓo ya muvhili ye ya shumiswa kha ṱhoḓisiso iyi. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo shumisa ngona ya khwaḽithetivi sa vhunga ndivho khulwane hu u ṱoḓa u pfhesesa maidioma a Tshivenḓa zwi tshi bva kha mvelele ya Vhavenḓa. Ndi Vhavenḓa vhaṋe vhane vha vha na nḓivho khulwane ya maidioma. Mafhungo a ṱhoḓisiso iyi o kuvhanganyiwa hu tshi shumiswa mbudziso na mbudzisavhathu dzine dzo ṋewa vhadzulapo vha Vhavenḓa vhane vha vha vhaaluwa vha tshiṱirikini tsha Vhembe, vunduni ḽa Limpopo, Afrika Tshipembe. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo wanulusa uri maidioma a Tshivenḓa a na ṱhalutshedzo dzo fhambanaho na zwine zwo ḓowelea sa ṱhalutshedzo dza maipfhi a Tshivenḓa. Zwiṅwe hafhu, ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo bvisela khagala uri musi muthu a tshi ṱoḓa u pfhesesa maidioma a Tshivenḓa nga vhuḓalo, u tea u vha na nḓivho nga ha mvelele ya Tshivenḓa, a vhe muthu a ḓivhaho na mishumo ya miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu. Ndivho khulwane ya ṱhoḓisiso iyi ndi u sengulusa maidioma a Tshivenḓa ane tshivhumbeo tshao tsha vha na madzina ane a bva kha miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu. Tsumbo dza madzina ayo ndi: mbilu, tshanḓa, mulomo, mulenzhe, maṱo, ṱhoho na nḓevhe kha u vha na maanḓa a u ṱuṱuwedza kana u bvisa ṱhalutshedzo nnzhi hu tshi shumiswa tswikelelo ya dzhenerethivi kana ya u andisa na mbambedzo. Ṱhoḓisiso iyi yo itelwa u thivha gake kha maṅwalwa ngauri a hu athu vha na ṱhoḓisiso yo no itwaho nga ha maidioma a Tshivenḓa ane tshivhumbeo tshao tsha vha na madzina ane kwama miraḓo ya muvhili wa muthu i nḓila ya u bvukulula vhupfhiwa ha muthu nga ha zwine a khou amba.
NRF
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Chuang, Chuan-Fu, and 莊泉福. "Developing a Customized W3 Mining System with PHP Language: a Case of KLA Website Data." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p687vm.
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博士國立中央大學
企業管理學系
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The aim of this study is to define a new web mining system framework (WMSF), to design an economical web mining architecture, to develop a customized W3 mining system (CWMS) for the cost down on the web mining platform. Then, we verify and evaluate the web crawler efficiency of CWMS and the adjustability and portability of resiliency. The method of the research is to integrate the theoretical model obtained from the literature and to make a research structure. The inference of the theory is with the definition of WMSF, the CWMS, the design and implementation of CWMS and the experimental research of CWMS as a focus. In this study, according to the functional architecture of integrated framework for keyword-based text data collection and analysis studied by Cha et al., and we extract the web crawler component and the result view panel (RVP) of user interface component in the architecture and then reorganize a new WMSF. And then, according to the script execution and address extraction process (virtual algorithm) studied by Oh et al., the effective using PHP language to develop the CWMS which is components include algorithm programs, huge amounts storage space and web server. Finally, in the experimental results of CWMS, we have verified that the system can improve the web crawler efficiency of CWMS and the adjustability and portability of resiliency.
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Nyoni, Abednico. "Zwine vhanwali vha mvelele vha dzhiisa zwone mibvumo ya thembatsuvha kha Tshivenda." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/428.
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Donaghy, Keola. "Nā hīmeni a John Kameaaloha Almeida he kālailaina hoʻohālikelike me ke kālele ma luna o ka ʻokoʻa o ka puana kamaʻilio a me ka puana hīmeni /." 2003. http://ulukau.org/cgi-bin/library?c=ks7&l=en.
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Williams, Ronald Clayton. "ʻOnipaʻa ka ʻoiaʻiʻo hearing voices : long ignored indigenous-language testimony challenges the current historiography of Hawaiʻi Nei." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20822.
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