Relevant bibliographies by topics / Kwashiorkor

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Academic literature on the topic 'Kwashiorkor'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Kwashiorkor"

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Treadway, Jessica. "Kwashiorkor." Colorado Review 47, no. 2 (2020): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2020.0066.

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Marsden, P. D. "Kwashiorkor." BMJ 301, no. 6759 (1990): 1036–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.301.6759.1036.

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Waterston, T. "Kwashiorkor." BMJ 301, no. 6763 (1990): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.301.6763.1276-a.

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Konotey-Ahulu, F. I. "Kwashiorkor." BMJ 302, no. 6769 (1991): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.302.6769.180-c.

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Danesty, Rizsa Aulia, Heni Fatmawati, and Angga Mardro Raharjo. "The Effectivity of Extracts Soybean on Increasing Concentration of RBP (Retinol binding protein) in White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Kwashiorkor Model." Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ams.v3i1.4095.

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Kwashiorkor is a disease caused by a deficiency of protein in terms of both quality and quantity. Kwashiorkor cause dysfunction in various organ systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of soy in increasing serum RBP levels in rat models of kwashiorkor. The liver is a vital organ for protein synthesis, one RBP. The liver is particularly vulnerable to the effects of kwashiorkor. The method used is the mice given low-protein diet for 30 days and then given extract of soybean meal for 30 days subsequent serum RBP levels were evaluated using ELISA method. The results showed that the soy extract can increase the levels of RBP in mice models of kwashiorkor. Keywords: RBP, soybean extracts and kwashiorkor
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Olorunsogo, Olufunso O. "Erythrocyte membrane (Ca2++Mg2+)-ATPase in human protein-energy malnutrition." Bioscience Reports 9, no. 3 (1989): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01114689.

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Calmodulin-free ghost membranes were prepared from erythrocytes of kwashiorkor children and from healthy children in the same age bracket. In the absence of calmodulin, the specific activity of Mg2+-dependent Ca2+-pumping ATPase (Ca2++Mg2+-ATPase) of kwashiorkor membranes was more than 40 percent lower than the specific activity of the normal enzymes, whose maximum velocity was increased by at least four-fold by the modulator protein. In constrast, the maximum velocity of the enzymes of kwashiorkor membranes was enhanced by calmodulin by about 11/2 times the basal activity of the normal enzymes and by 2 times the basal activity of the kwashiorkor enzymes. The affinity of the pump for ATP was lower in the membranes of kwashiorkor children (Km for ATP=30.6±2.8 μM ATP) in comparison to normal membranes (Km for ATP=21.7±2.0 μM ATP). Similarly, calmodulin-affinity of the enzymes, was lower in kwashiorkor membranes than in the normal membranes irrespective of source of calmodulin. Calmodulin from haemolysates of kwashiorkor red cells activated the enzymes of normal and kwashiorkor membranes to the same degree as calmodulin partially purified from the haemolysate of healthy children. A determination of the dependence of the activity of the pump on calcium in the absence and presence of calmodulin reveals that the affinity of the kwashiorkor enzymes for Ca2+ is at least 70 percent lower than that of enzymes of normal membranes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the Ca2+-pumping ATPase of kwashiorkor membranes is less functional than the enzymes of healthy erythrocytes.
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Okunade, W. G., and O. O. Olorunsogo. "EFFECT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES ON THE ERYTHROCYTE CALCIUM-PUMP FUNCTION IN PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION." Pediatrics 95, no. 6 (1995): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.95.6.874.

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Marasmus is felt to result from a diet that is fairly equally deficient in protein and in calories. In contrast, kwashiorkor is usually explained as being caused by a diet deficient more in proteins than in calories. This explanation for kwashiorkor has been questioned by Golden and Ramdath,1 who suggested that the pathogenesis could be better explained by an imbalance between the quantity of free oxygen radicals and scavengers of those free oxygen radicals. The authors of this paper took anemia as one of the usual clinical features of kwashiorkor and attempted to verify this hypothesis by measuring "the presence of non-heme iron and endogenous products of lipid peroxidation in the erythrocyte membranes of normal and kwashiorkor subjects and assessed the susceptibility of the membranes to exogenously generated reactive oxygen species." The extent of lipid peroxidation in the erythrocytes of kwashiorkor subjects was three times that found in erythrocytes of normal subjects. The erythrocytes from kwashiorkor subjects were much more susceptible to oxidative stress than were the erythrocytes from normal subjects and the oxygen free radicals reduced the erythrocyte calcium-pump function in kwashiorkor subjects to a greater extent than in normal subjects. These findings lend support for the hypothesis of the pathogenesis of kwashiorkor proposed by Golden and Ramdath.
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Osorio, Snezana Nena. "Reconsidering Kwashiorkor." Topics in Clinical Nutrition 26, no. 1 (2011): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tin.0b013e318209e3b6.

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Lasisi, Taye Jemilat, Shehu Tijani Shittu, and Akinola Rasak Alada. "Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 4 (2019): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0282.

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Kwashiorkor, a form of malnutrition, has been shown to cause impaired salivary secretion. However, there is dearth of information on the mechanism that underlies this complication. Also, whether returning to normal diet after kwashiorkor will reverse these complications or not is yet to be discerned. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the mechanisms that underlie kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments and to evaluate the effects of switching back to normal-diet on kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments. Weaning rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, kwashiorkor group (KG), re-fed kwashiorkor group (RKG)) of 7 rats each. The control group had standard rat chow while the KG and RKG were fed 2% protein diet for 6 weeks to induce kwashiorkor. The RKG had their diet changed to standard rat-chow for another 6 weeks. Blood and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the analysis of total protein, electrolytes, amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate, leptin, and ghrelin. Tissue total protein, nitric oxide level, expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase, muscarinic (M3) receptor, and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands were also determined. Data were presented as means ± SEM and compared using ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. RKG showed improved salivary function evidenced by reduced salivary lag-time and potassium and increased flow rate, sodium, amylase, IgA secretion rate, leptin, submandibular nitric oxide level, and aquaporin 5 expression compared with KG. This study for the first time demonstrated that kwashiorkor caused significant reduction in salivary secretion through reduction of nitric oxide level and aquaporin 5 expression in submandibular salivary glands. Normal-diet re-feeding after kwashiorkor returned salivary secretion to normal.
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Smith, Michelle I., Tanya Yatsunenko, Mark J. Manary, et al. "Gut Microbiomes of Malawian Twin Pairs Discordant for Kwashiorkor." Science 339, no. 6119 (2013): 548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1229000.

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Kwashiorkor, an enigmatic form of severe acute malnutrition, is the consequence of inadequate nutrient intake plus additional environmental insults. To investigate the role of the gut microbiome, we studied 317 Malawian twin pairs during the first 3 years of life. During this time, half of the twin pairs remained well nourished, whereas 43% became discordant, and 7% manifested concordance for acute malnutrition. Both children in twin pairs discordant for kwashiorkor were treated with a peanut-based, ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Time-series metagenomic studies revealed that RUTF produced a transient maturation of metabolic functions in kwashiorkor gut microbiomes that regressed when administration of RUTF was stopped. Previously frozen fecal communities from several discordant pairs were each transplanted into gnotobiotic mice. The combination of Malawian diet and kwashiorkor microbiome produced marked weight loss in recipient mice, accompanied by perturbations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and intermediary metabolism that were only transiently ameliorated with RUTF. These findings implicate the gut microbiome as a causal factor in kwashiorkor.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Kwashiorkor"

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LEGROS, NATHALIE. "Le kwashiorkor en afrique sub-saharienne." Nice, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NICE6588.

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Pham, Thi Phuong Thao. "Caractérisation du microbiote intestinal des enfants atteints de la malnutrition aigüe sévère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0583.

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La distinction entre kwashiorkor et marasme a été remise en question depuis longtemps. Comprendre les mécanismes pathophysiologiques distincts de la malnutrition sévère ouvrira les portes de nouvelles options thérapeutiques. Dans cette thèse, des échantillons fécaux prélevés chez 17 enfants atteints de malnutrition aigüe sévère ont été testées par culturomics et séquençage métagénomique 16S pour examiner les différences du microbiote intestinal. Les méta-analyses sont effectués pour fournir des caractéristiques cohérentes et reproductibles qui différencient kwashiorkor et marasme. Il existe un gradient qui représentait une diminution prédominante de la diversité d’anaérobie chez le kwashiorkor par rapport au marasme. Ce résultat concordait avec les gradients observés dans la littérature, y compris la déplétion d'albumine, de transferrine, de zinc, de cuivre et de vitamine A, qui étaient toutes connues pour leur activité antioxydante. En particulier, la diminution du glutathion et l’infiltration graisseuse dans le foie ont été observées uniquement chez les kwashiorkor. De plus, toutes les espèces potentiellement pathogènes ont été enrichies dans les cas de kwashiorkor. D'autre part, notre méta-analyse a montré que les antibiotiques avaient un effet efficace sur la survie des enfants kwashiorkor mais n'ont pas d’effet sur la survie des enfants marasme. En conclusion, les résultats ont fourni une base biologique pour l’utilisation des antibiotiques avant la renutrition, l’utilisation des antioxydants pour favoriser les bactéries anaérobies de l'intestin mais également l’application des mélanges probiotiques afin de restaurer un microbiote intestinal anaérobie sain<br>The distinction between kwashiorkor and marasmus has long been questioned. Understanding the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of severe malnutrition will open the door to new therapeutic options. In this thesis, faecal samples from 17 children with severe acute malnutrition were tested by culturomics and 16S metagenomics sequencing to examine differences in the intestinal microbiota. Meta-analysis are performed to provide consistent and reproducible characteristics that differentiate kwashiorkor from marasmus. There is a gradient that represented a predominant depletion in anaerobic diversity in kwashiorkor compared to marasmus. This result was consistent with the gradients observed in the literature, including depletion in albumin, transferrin, zinc, copper and vitamin A, all of which were known for their antioxidant activity. In particular, glutathione reduction and fatty liver were observed only in kwashiorkor. In addition, all potentially pathogenic species were enriched in the case of kwashiorkor. On the other hand, our meta-analysis showed that antibiotics have an effective effect on the survival of Kwashiorkor children but have no effect on the survival of Marasmus children. In conclusion, the results provided a biological basis for the use of antibiotics before renutrition, the use of antioxidants to promote anaerobic bacteria in the intestine but also the application of probiotic mixtures to restore a healthy anaerobic intestinal microbiota
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Abdulai, Janet Mariama. "The Sierra Leonean rural illiterate mothers' perceptions of the factors related to Kwashiorkor." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/459906.

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Twenty Sierra Leonean rural illiterate mothers were querried about their perceptions of the factors related to Kwashiorkor. Demographic data was hand tabulated to determine the frequency of parents' occupations, pregnancies, live and stillbirths, living and dead children, and causes of children's deaths. Chi-square analyses were done to assess the distribution of responses to questions about 19 beliefs which the researcher thought were related to Kwashiorkor. Student t-test was used to determine the differences in the total number and outcome of pregnancies between women who agreed and disagreed about the role of four of the factors which tended to show or showed significance with chi-square analyses.The families were subsistence farmers. In addition, 65 percent or the husbands had other jobs. Combined, the 20 women had 191 pregnancies, 166 live births, (87 percent of pregnancies), 25 (13 percent) stillbirths, 82 living children (43 percent of pregnancies and 49 percent of live births). The women lost through death 84 (50.6 percent) of the 166 live born children.The average woman experienced 9.6 pregnancies, resulting in 8.3 live births, and 1.3 stillbirths, had an average of 4.1 living children and had lost an average of 4.2 live born children. The data indicated that the major problem with infant/child mortality occurred after birth. Protein-Energy Malnutrition accounted for 38.1 percent of the children's deaths.Of the 19 factors about which women were querried in relation to role in Kwashiorkor, to only 4, namely “Witchcraft,” “Religious beliefs,” “Grandmother's advice,” and “Mother-in-law's advice” did less than half of the women agree. The majority of women agreed that 15 of the factors were associated with Kwashiorkor.That indicated the women had supportable understanding of factors truly related to Kwashiorkor.Three constructs, beliefs about “Witchcraft,” “Introduction of other foods,” and “Immunizations,” differentiated incidence and outcome of pregnancy among women. However, belief about the importance of “Immunizations” differentiated infant/child mortality and will be most useful in future research to analyze differences and to identify groups at greatest risk of child mortality.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Pool, Robert. "There must have been something... : interpretations of illness and misfortune in a Cameroon village /." Amsterdam : R. Pool, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35512686t.

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Tidjani, Alou Maryam. "Etude du microbiote digestif des enfants atteints de malnutrition sévère aiguë." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM5036/document.

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Depuis plusieurs années, il s’avère de plus en plus clair que le microbiote digestif a un impact remarquable sur la santé humaine. Il est affecté par de nombreux facteurs dont l’alimentation. En effet, en fonction du macronutriment majoritaire d’un régime alimentaire, certaines populations et fonctions bactériennes sont stimulées ou inhibées. Plusieurs pathologies de l’intestin ou liées à des troubles nutritionnels ou métaboliques ont un lien causal avec une altération du microbiote digestif parmi lesquelles la malnutrition sévère aigue. En effet, il a été récemment montré que le microbiote digestif des enfants malnutris était différent et colonisé par des Proteobacteria, des Enterococci, des bacilles Gram-négatifs et des espèces pathogènes. Au cours de nos travaux, une dysbiose est également observée chez nos patients malnutris par métagénomique et par culturomics avec un enrichissement en bactéries aérobies, en Proteobacteria et en espèces potentiellement pathogènes telles que Streptococcus gallolyticus et une perte notable en bactéries anaérobies associée à une perte de la capacité antioxydante du tractus gastro-intestinal révélée par une absence totale de Methanobrevibacter smitii, archeae méthanogène et un des procaryotes les plus sensibles à l’oxygène du tractus gastro-intestinal ainsi que un potentiel redox fécal accru. De plus, une perte de la diversité globale, connue et inconnue, est observée. Enfin, par culturomics et métagénomique, nous avons établi un répertoire des bactéries manquantes chez les malnutris dont treize présentent un potentiel probiotique et pourront être testées comme probiotiques dans un modèle expérimental dans un futur proche<br>For the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that the gut microbiota has a tremendous impact on human health. It is affected by several factors among which diet that has a big impact. In fact, according to the major macronutrient in a diet type, specific bacterial populations and functions are stimulated or inhibited. Several pathologies of the gut or linked to nutritional or metabolic disorders among which severe acute malnutrition are causally linked to an alteration of the diversity of the human gut microbiota. In fact, it has recently been shown by several studies that the gut microbiota of malnourished patients was different and colonized by Proteobacteria, Enterococci, Gram-negative bacilli and pathogenic species. The analysis of our data regarding the fecal microbiota of children afflicted with severe acute malnutrition from Niger and Senegal showed a dysbiosis observed through metagenomics and culturomics with an increase of aerobic bacteria, Proteobacteria and pathogenic species such as Streptococcus gallolyticus, and a depletion of anaerobic species associated with a loss of the antioxidant capacity of the gastro-intestinal tract exhibited by a total absence of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a methanogenic archaeon and one the most oxygen sensitive prokaryote of the gut microbiota alongside an increased fecal redox potential. Moreover, a loss of the overall diversity, known and unknown, was observed. Finally, through culturomics and metagenomics, we were able to identify a repertoire of missing microbes in malnourished children among which thirteen presented a probiotic potential and will be tested as such in an experimental model in the near future
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Corbeille-Magnol, Chantal. "Etude biochimique de l'état de dénutrition chez le jeune enfant." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P194.

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Cárdenas, García Fesia Ismelda Elena, and Gadea Violeta Soledad Izaguirre. "Prevalencia de marasmo, kwashiorkor y retardo de crecimiento en el servicio de lactantes del Hospital Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión, durante los años 1988 – 1989." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/14525.

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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor<br>Establece la prevalencia de Marasmo, Pre. Kwashioorkor y Kwashioorkor, de la desnutrición aguda y crónica en el servicio de pediatría. Esto contribuirá a mejorar el manejo terapéutico del niño al obligar a prestar más atención al tratamiento de la carencia nutricional concomitante.<br>Trabajo académico
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Tufts, Heather. "The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Kenyan leafy green vegetables, wild fruits, and medicinal plants: potential for the health-promoting properties of biodiversity to contribute to kwashiorkor alleviation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114601.

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The etiology of kwashiorkor, a form of severe acute malnutrition in children, may be linked to inflammation and oxidative stress. Biodiversity can contribute health-promoting properties that may address the inflammation and oxidative stress seen in kwashiorkor. Six medicinal plants, five leafy green vegetables (LGV), and two wild fruits were collected from Kaiti Division, Makueni County, Eastern Province, Kenya and examined for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and total phenolics assays and a TNF-α in vitro assay, respectively. All the medicinal plants and several LGV had antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. A. dubius, V. unguiculata ( both LGV), O. americanum, and Z. chalybeum (medicinal plants) showed the greatest anti-inflammatory activity among the plants tested and were also widely consumed and used among the children in this study. There was a wide variety of LGV and wild fruits available in the study region, which may have contributed to the high mean food variety score (FVS) of 26 for the non-breastfed children. This study demonstrates a theoretical basis for investigating a link between health-promoting properties of biodiversity, dietary diversity, and the development of kwashiorkor for improved nutrition and health outcomes in children.<br>L'éthologie de kwashiorkor, une forme de malnutrition severe et aigu chez les enfants, peut-etre lié a l'inflammation et le stress oxydatif. La biodiversité peux contribuer des propriétés qui favorise la santé et qui adresse l'inflammation et le stress oxydatif qui se trouve dans le kwashiorkor. Six plantes medicinal, cinq légumes à feuilles vertes et deux fruits sauvages ont été recueillis par Kaiti Division, Makueni County, Eastern Province, Kenya et examiné pour des propriétés antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire en utilisant les dosages ORAC et des phénols totaux et un dosage TNF- α in vitro, respectivement. Tous les plantes médicinales et plusieurs LGV ont eu de l'activité antioxydant et anti-inflammatoire. A. dubius, V. unguiculata (LGV), O. americanum, et Z. chalybeum (des plantes médicinales) ont montré le plus grand activité anti-inflammatoire de toutes les plantes testées et ont été également largement consommé et utilisé chez les enfants dans cette étude. Il y avait une grande variété de LGV et de fruits sauvages disponibles dans la région étudiée, ce qui peut avoir contribué à des scores élevés moyennes alimentaires divers (FVS) de 26 pour les enfants non allaités au sein. Cette étude démontre une base théorique pour enquêter sur un lien entre promotion de la santé des propriétés de la biodiversité, la diversité alimentaire, et le développement du kwashiorkor pour améliorer la nutrition et la santé chez les enfants.
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Ouankpo, Fidendé Florent. "Les lésions odonto-stomatologiques séquelles des malnutritions chez l'enfant en milieu tropical africain." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2OC01.

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Ditebo, Gaeboloke Precious. "Malnutrition in children : the perceptions of mothers in Botswana." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31170.

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Malnutrition is one of the serious childhood problems that affect children under five (5) years of age, and is common in developing countries Botswana included. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of mothers of children diagnosed with malnutrition in Botswana, specifically at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital, Serowe. The said hospital is a district hospital which renders services to Serowe community and the surrounding villages, as such; participants in this study were from Serowe and other surrounding villages like Mabou, Tshimoyapula, Mmashoro and Mogorosi. Applied research was used as a type of research because it is associated with the researcher’s motivation to assist in solving a particular problem facing a particular community. Collective case study was used as a research design. The researcher explored the perceptions of mothers regarding child malnutrition; through the use of semi-structured interviews. Twelve (12) mothers of children with malnutrition were interviewed using systematic random sampling method and subsequently data was analysed according to Creswell’s model. Literature study was done and the following aspects were discussed: Child malnutrition in developing countries; child malnutrition in Botswana; description of child malnutrition; causes of child malnutrition; symptoms of child malnutrition; treatment of child malnutrition; prevention of child malnutrition; psychosocial implications of child malnutrition on the patient, family and community and social work intervention (therapy and prevention). Literature was also compared with research findings when analysing data. The study revealed that mothers had limited knowledge on malnutrition as a condition, the signs and symptoms thereof; causes; prevention and treatment of child malnutrition. This lack of knowledge made mothers to have wrong perceptions about child malnutrition. It was revealed that mothers did not perceive malnutrition as a serious problem that can result in admission for treatment in a hospital, they expected a different diagnosis. They perceive malnutrition as a secondary diagnosis. The majority of mothers had a Setswana diagnosis for their children’s condition. Mothers perceived the signs and symptoms of malnutrition as those of Thibamo, Phogwana (fontanel), or Ntsana. They interpret malnutrition as a Setswana ailment that can be treated traditionally. Factors that were identified to be contributing to malnutrition among children at Sekgoma Memorial Hospital in Serowe were found to be; lack of knowledge about malnutrition, wrong perceptions of malnutrition by mothers, illiteracy and unemployment, and cultural factors like taking a child to a traditional healer instead of a medical health facility. The study shows that mothers’ social functioning is disrupted by their children’s illness and hospitalization and thus a need for support from the hospital multi-disciplinary team, especially the social worker who is a trained counselor. The social worker should provide ongoing supportive counseling during the process of the child’s illness.<br>Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>Unrestricted
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Books on the topic "Kwashiorkor"

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Sserunjogi, Louise. Study on the prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition in children 5 years and under in Kiyeyi target area, Tororo District: January-April 1990. Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University, 1992.

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Bhat, B. Vishnu. Protein, energy, malnutrition. Peepee Publishers and Distributors, 2008.

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Waterlow, J. C. Protein-energy malnutrition. Edward Arnold, 1992.

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M, Grantham-McGregor Sally, and Tomkins A, eds. Protein-energy malnutrition. Edward Arnold, 1992.

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Waterlow, J. C. Protein-Energy Malnutrition. Hodder Education Group, 1999.

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Malnutrition. Trafalgar Square Publishing, 1992.

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Bender, David A. 6. Under-nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199681921.003.0006.

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Severe under-nutrition is generally associated with developing countries where food is in short supply, affecting some 162 million people world-wide, but malnutrition is also seen in about 2 per cent of the population of developed countries. ‘Under-nutrition’ highlights the three conditions classified as protein-energy malnutrition: marasmus, which affects adults and children; kwashiorkor, which affects young children; and cachexia, which is associated with advanced cancer and other chronic diseases, and involves increased metabolic rate as well as reduced food intake. Malnutrition leads to impaired immune responses, predisposing to infection, and muscle loss resulting in increased fatiguability, inability to work, and falls.
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Mancini, Anthony J., and Daniel P. Krowchuk, eds. Pediatric Dermatology. 3rd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610020213.

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New 3rd edition! This bestselling quick reference provides practice-focused guidance on the recognition and treatment of more than 100 pediatric and adolescent skin conditions. Includes more than 300 full color images plus 79 new images! New 3rd edition includes: 13 new chapters Acrodermatitis Enteropathica Aplasia Cutis Congenita Dermoid Cysts Epidermal Nevi Erythema Nodosum Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Juvenile Plantar Dermatosis Kwashiorkor Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Pigmentary Mosaicism - Hyperpigmented Pigmentary Mosaicism - Hypopigmented Pityriasis Lichenoides Polymorphous Light Eruption New section on nutritional dermatoses 79 new color images aid in accurate visual diagnosis Must-have information on each condition is presented in the precise sequence in which you need it in the clinical setting: 1. Etiology/epidemiology 2. Symptoms and signs 3. How to make the diagnosis 4. Treatment 5. Prognosis 6. Referral considerations 7. Resources for families
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Ellinson, Michelle, and Tommy Rampling. Normal nutritional function. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0331.

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Normal nutritional function requires a healthy diet. Healthy eating incorporates a variety of nutrients that are essential for energy expenditure, prevention of disease, and maintenance of normal physiological function. An unhealthy diet can result in malnutrition, and this contributes to illness and death throughout the world. The core principle of healthy eating is obtaining an adequate balance, and the diseases resulting from overnourishment differ greatly from those resulting from undernourishment. In the third world, diets tend to rely heavily on staple crops, and can be very seasonal. Energy sources are predominantly cereals, whereas meat and fish are limited. Malnutrition tends to occur from a lack of essential nutrients, leading to conditions such as vitamin deficiencies, kwashiorkor, and iodine deficiency syndromes. In first-world countries, people have more freedom to choose what they eat. Thus, diets tend to be high in fat and dense in energy. Obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, and hypertension are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. A healthy diet should contain adequate proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and trace elements. The intake of these constituents is sporadic, with meals constituting major boluses of potential energy. Energy expenditure, conversely, is continuous. The human body has, therefore, developed complex mechanisms directing nutrients into storage when in excess, and mobilizing these stores as they are needed, and it is essential that sufficient energy is always available to maintain the basal metabolic rate, which is the amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment. This energy is sufficient only for the functioning of the vital organs, such as the heart, the lungs, the liver, the kidneys, and the CNS.
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Book chapters on the topic "Kwashiorkor"

1

Renneberg, Reinhard, Viola Berkling, and Iris Rapoport. "Kwashiorkor." In Alles Bio oder was? Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-50278-5_34.

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Parrisbalogun, Stefani. "Kwashiorkor." In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health. Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_446.

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Vaccaro, Mario, Claudio Guarneri, Richard F. Ambinder, et al. "Kwashiorkor." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_6171.

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Böhles, Hansjosef. "Kwashiorkor, 1933." In Historische Fälle aus der Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-59833-7_31.

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5

Miles, Jerome, Michael Golden, Dan Ramdath, and Barbara Golden. "Hepatic Trace Elements in Kwashiorkor." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_174.

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6

Boyne, Michael S., Patrice Francis-Emmanuel, Ingrid A. Tennant, Debbie S. Thompson, and Terrence E. Forrester. "Cardiometabolic Risk in Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Survivors." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_58-1.

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Boyne, Michael S., Patrice Francis-Emmanuel, Ingrid A. Tennant, Debbie S. Thompson, and Terrence E. Forrester. "Cardiometabolic Risk in Marasmus and Kwashiorkor Survivors." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55387-0_58.

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Kismul, Hallgeir, Mala Ali Mapatano, and Jean Pierre Banea. "Diet and Kwashiorkor in the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40007-5_38-1.

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Kismul, Hallgeir, Mala Ali Mapatano, and Jean Pierre Banea. "Diet and Kwashiorkor in the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Handbook of Famine, Starvation, and Nutrient Deprivation. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55387-0_38.

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10

Shoukry, Ibrahim, Ahmed Safwat Shoukry, M. Mohsen Ibrahim, Nahed Fahmy, M. Aziz Madkour, and Galal El Said. "Cardiac Atrophy and Ventricular Function in Infants with Severe Protein Calorie Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor Disease)." In Pediatric Cardiology. Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8598-1_310.

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Conference papers on the topic "Kwashiorkor"

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Dunkel, Florence. "Malaria and kwashiorkor: Working with western culture scientists." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95489.

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