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Journal articles on the topic 'Kyoto Protocol\'s Clean Development Mechanism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Rosencranz, Armin, and Kanika Jamwal. "Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities: Did This Principle Ever Exist?" Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 4-5 (2021): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200231.

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This article argues that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)’s conception of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDRRC) was never effectively implemented through the Kyoto Protocol. The investments under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism suggest that CBDRRC has been used by developed countries to buy a “right to pollute”, i.e., maintaining or even increasing their greenhouse gas emissions, while investing in clean energy in developing nations, thus defeating the essence of CBDRRC as intended under the UNFCCC. Second, it poi

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Gupta, Anil. "Clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 6, no. 2 (2014): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2012-0051.

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Purpose – This paper aims to review the developments in India with respect to clean development mechanism (CDM) of Kyoto Protocol to assess the achievements during first Kyoto Protocol period (2008-2012) in climate change mitigation and suggest measure for better participation during the second commitment period. The paper further makes an attempt to explore the experience, concerns and expectations of the Indian project proponents of green projects registered with CDM Executive Board. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs two methods: informal interviews with executives of World Ba

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Muchelulea, Yusuf, and Kevin Mulama. "The Clean development mechanism." Journal of Management and Science 6, no. 1 (2016): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2016.10.

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The Clean development mechanism (CDM) is a new tool for promoting sustainable development in developing countries. It was established by the Kyoto Protocol under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It promises developed countries certified emission reductions (CERs) if they comply with their quantified emission targets and developing countries sustainable development benefits if they participate and invest in clean renewable technologies. Energy development through investments in clean technology transfer can contribute to sustainable development. However, susta

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Bhullar, Lovleen. "REDD+ and the Clean Development Mechanism: A comparative perspective." International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 1 (April 22, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i1.2013.3229.

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The program, ‘Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation’ (REDD), which operates within the international climate change policy framework, is projected to emerge as one of the key climate change mitigation mechanisms for developing countries. The existing Afforestation/Reforestation (A/R) mechanism, operating under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, may prove useful for drawing lessons for the emerging REDD program, since both mechanisms represent flexible means for developed countries to achieve

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Millock, Katrin. "Technology transfers in the Clean Development Mechanism: an incentives issue." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 3 (2002): 449–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0200027x.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) offers abatement cost savings under the Kyoto Protocol by allowing credits for emission reductions obtained in signatory developing countries. The paper argues that technology transfers can improve incentives for cost-effective emission reductions under bilateral CDM contracts when there is asymmetric information between the investor and the host party.JEL classification: Q20; D82

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Ahmed, Ajaz, and Aneel Salman. "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Business in Pakistan: Perceptions and Realities." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (2012): 303–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.303-316.

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Climate change is the biggest challenge human family has ever faced in world history. It has local as well as global impacts and almost all the ethnic groups, communities, and geographical locations are exposed to it [Stern (2006)]. But comparatively developing countries are more exposed to the changes which are taking places due to climate [Stern (2006) and Barker (2008)]. The degree of their exposure which has a number of determinants varies across different regions [Karen, et al. (2004)]. Climate experts so far have proposed two broader solutions for this problem; mitigation of climate chan

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(IEA), Julia Curtis, Laurent Dittrick (IEA), Kristi Dittrick (IEA), and Mark Radka (IEA). "Examining New Partnerships for Sustainable Development: The Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol." Energy & Environment 10, no. 5 (1999): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958305991499667.

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Shrestha, Ram M., and Govinda R. Timilsina. "The additionality criterion for identifying clean development mechanism projects under the Kyoto Protocol." Energy Policy 30, no. 1 (2002): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(01)00054-4.

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Tuyen, Tran Minh, and Axel Michaelowa. "UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism Baseline Construction for Vietnam National Electricity Grid." Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 11, no. 3 (2006): 723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-006-2845-x.

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Mohammed, Sani Damamisau. "Clean development mechanism and carbon emissions in Nigeria." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 11, no. 3 (2019): 523–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-05-2017-0041.

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Purpose Carbon emissions from gas flaring in the Nigerian oil and gas industry are both a national and international problem. Nigerian government policies to eliminate the problem 1960-2016 yielded little or no results. The Kyoto Protocol (KP) provides Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) as an international market-based mechanism to reducing global carbon emissions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analytically highlight the potentials of CDM in eliminating carbon emissions in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviewed the historical background o

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Zhang, Lu, Run He Shi, and Jing Wang. "Applying Remotely Sensed Data to Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission and Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1258–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1258.

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"Kyoto Protocol" came into force on the February 16th, 2005. It introduced rules on the responsibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emission so as to alleviate and deal with problems caused by climate change. Among the three fulfillment mechanisms in "Kyoto Protocol", the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the only one related to developing countries. As one of the most important developing countries in the world, it is urgent for China to make rational use of the CDM to support its high-speed economic development. At this point, nation-scale carbon related data are critical. This paper intr

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Deshun, Liu, and Taishi Sugiyama. "Clean Development Mechanism for Power Infrastructures for China's Sustainable Development." Energy & Environment 13, no. 3 (2002): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830502320268278.

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What is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)? The establishment of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a significant achievement in the political negotiations on the implementation of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). CDM is stipulated in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol (KP), where assisting developing country Parties in achieving sustainable development is explicitly listed as a purpose in parallel with the others. Developed country Parties are to be assisted in achieving compliance with their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitment (QELRC) und

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Batagoda, B. M. S. "Sri Lankan policy perspectives on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Kyoto Protocol." Energy for Sustainable Development 6, no. 1 (2002): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60295-1.

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Michaelowa, Axel, and Michael Dutschke. "Interest groups and efficient design of the Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol." International Journal of Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (1998): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.1998.004207.

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Rahman, Shaikh M., and Grant A. Kirkman. "Costs of certified emission reductions under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol." Energy Economics 47 (January 2015): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2014.10.020.

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Wang, Su Feng, and Yu Bai. "The Economic Comparisons and Introduction to China of the Kyoto Mechanisms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.642.

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The Kyoto mechanisms are important cost-effective ways of CO2 reduction for Annex I countries in the Kyoto Protocol. This paper makes a comparison among international emission trading (IET), joint implementation (JI) and clean development mechanism (CDM) on development potentials and economic efficiencies; builds a state-space decision model for the government to encourage enterprises to invest more in project-based mitigation; then presents the pareto optimality conditions. Some conclusions and suggestions for the introduction to China of Kyoto mechanisms are provided finally.

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Skutsch, Margaret. "Rural Development through Carbon Finance: Forestry Projects under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol." Climate and Development 2, no. 1 (2010): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cdev.2010.0027.

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Yang, Zhi Hong, Shuang Jian Li, Yi Pu Zhou, Qi Wang, and Qin Zhe Liu. "Clean Development Mechanism and Carbon Trading Market Construction in China." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1500–1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1500.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three “flexibility” mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol. Chinese government implements the CDM projects as the only way and most important means to participate in the global carbon trading market, and provides a lot of policy support; however, there are still many problems and risks during the operation of CDM projects in China: the lack of legal system, Carbon leakage, the insufficient transfer of technology and the passive market position of Chinese enterprises. Starting from the strict GHG reduction target and pilot projects of carbon

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Ooi, Say Keat, Azlan Amran, and Zainorfarah Zainuddin. "Success Factors for Clean Development Mechanism Implementation in Malaysia." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 3 (2013): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i3.109.

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The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), established under the Kyoto Protocol, is one of the market-based mechanisms developed to assist industrialized countries mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, achieve emission reduction targets, and at the same time promote sustainable development in developing countries. The CDM, which provides flexibility and costeffectiveness in meeting GHG emission reduction targets, has captured interest globally. CDM implementation is expected to generate benefits, give developing countries a sense of ownership, and share the global load in tackling global warmin

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Liu, Li Guang. "The Action Network of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in China." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 892–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.892.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a project-based climate mitigation scheme under the Kyoto Protocol. Since 2007, China has become the largest CDM credit supplier in the world. With the promotion of CDM projects, a flexible, consensus-seeking network that involves a variety of public and private actors has continuously been evolving. This paper provides a preliminary network analysis of how a wide range of public and private actors have been involved in the market-based CDM activities. It focuses on the development of action network and how the structural and interactive features of the net

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Raimadoya, M. A., B. H. Trisasongko, D. Shiddiq, D. R. Panuju, and R. Maulida. "PENGOLAHAN DSM DENGAN INTERFEROMETRI SAR (InSAR) ANTARIKSA UNTUK MEKANISME PEMBANGUNAN BERSIH (MPB) PROTOKOL KYOTO." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 6, no. 2 (2004): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.6.2.39-45.

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Capacity development in biomass monitoring is a key action in the implementation of Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol in developing country like Indonesia. The objection of this research is to explore the processing of spaceborne InSAR for the construction of Digital Surface Model (DSM). The research successfully completed the process by using two InSAR pairs : ERS-1 & ERS-2 tandem pass (completed) and ENVISAT repeat pass (coherence only). DSM product, after field validation, will be applied for SAR calibration in relation to biomass and carbon stock estimation. Keywords :

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Miao, Bo, and Yu-wai Vic Li. "Local interests meet global regime: China’s subnational politics in clean development mechanism of Kyoto Protocol." Economic and Political Studies 4, no. 3 (2016): 258–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2016.1218668.

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Little, G., T. Maxwell, and M. Sutherland. "Accelerating the implementation of the clean development mechanism in South African industry." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 10, no. 4 (2014): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v10i4.1055.

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One of the responses to the threat of global warming is the Kyoto Protocol and the associated Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to reduce greenhouse gases. South Africa is an ideal country for the implementation of industrial CDM projects, yet lags behind many other countries. This qualitative research determines the factors that cause South Africa to lag other developing countries in the implementation of industrial CDM projects and the interventions that will have the most impact on accelerating implementation. The research involved interviews with 30 experts involved in the South African CD

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Thomas, Sebastian, and Paul Dargusch. "Engaging with carbon markets: the Libya case." Journal of Political Ecology 18, no. 1 (2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v18i1.21704.

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Climate change and the emerging carbon-constrained economy of the 21st Century present new challenges and opportunities for countries of the Middle East and North Africa. This paper discusses the potential for Libya to participate in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the main flexibility mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote sustainable development. The paper considers the interaction of Libya's history and socio-cultural characteristics with global policy dynamics and economic forces. Libya's geography presents considerable pote

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Yuan, Yuan, and Ji Xian Liu. "Will CDM Still be Effective after Kyoto Protocol? - Two Dilemmas in the Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 2659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.2659.

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Clean Development Mechanism is one of the Climate Mitigation tools with the purposes to reduce GHGs. We resemble the one-shot public-goods game to deduce the constraints for CDM’s long-term effectiveness. By studying PDDs of China’s registered programs, we find the effect of technology transfer is not obvious. The dilemma between CDM’s additionality and host countries’ environment policies, as well as the dilemma between CDM as public good and technology as private good can account for the uncertainty about CDM after the expiring of Kyoto Protocols. Our analysis shows with the development of C

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Jalil, Siti Ayu, and Muzafar Shah Habibullah. "Impact of Kyoto Protocol and Institutional Factors on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Asia-Pacific Region." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 1, no. 2 (2013): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v1i2.9124.

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This study investigates the impact of Kyoto Protocol and four institutional factors i.e. political stability, property rights, corruption and freedom of trade on the growth of per capita CO2 emissions in Asia and the Pacific region for the period of 1971-2009. The region consists of East Asia, South Asia and the Pacific islands are the fastest growing economic region and the source of global greenhouse gas emissions. A dynamic panel data model based on the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) technique is utilized to examine these impacts. The findings indicate only Kyoto commitment (Kcom), Kyo

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Ming, Li. "China's Small Hydropower CDM Projects Development on Low-Carbon Economy Era." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.156.

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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an international cooperation mechanisms based on the "Kyoto Protocol". Through CDM, developed and developing countries can reach a win-win in achieving sustainable development and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. There is no doubt low-carbon economy has brought new opportunities for CDM projects. Through CDM theory, this paper studied on the feasibility of small hydropower CDM projects, the benefits of small hydropower CDM projects, as well as development procedures of small hydropower CDM project.

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Kelly, Gerard. "Assessing the Climate Governance Contribution and Future of the Clean Development Mechanism." Nordic Journal of International Law 87, no. 4 (2018): 393–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08704001.

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This article assesses the contribution of the clean development mechanism (cdm) to climate governance. The cdm emerged as the key offset mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol, but its contribution to climate governance remains contested. This article deconstructs the cdm by evaluating the mechanism’s dominant critiques and offers a synthesised analysis of its core design and operational defects. The implications of the Paris Agreement, particularly the prospect of a successor mechanism to the cdm, are evaluated, and inform this article’s vision of a reconstructed mechanism as an important compone

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Sebitosi, A. B. "How relevant to sub-Saharan Africa is the Kyoto Protocol?" Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 17, no. 1 (2006): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2006/v17i1a3372.

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The African Recovery Journal once referred to it as, ‘an opportunity for African countries to attract new financing for their own sustainable development’. It was indeed waited for with much anticipation. In fact, today, it is readily observable that the international Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) market is becoming increasingly dynamic and projected to grow exponentially. However, judging from hard facts on the ground, the reality in sub-Saharan Africa is grim. Moreover, analysts are forecasting a convergence in the market; towards a focus on a few project types in a limited number of hos

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Aggarwal, Pravesh, and Rupesh Aggarwal. "Examining perspectives and dimensions of clean development mechanism." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 1 (2017): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-09-2015-0050.

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Purpose This paper aims to critically evaluate the working of the clean development mechanism (CDM) particularly in developing and least developed countries in the light of recent developments. Design/methodology/approach Part I of the paper delves upon various international rules governing the CDM. Part II of the paper draws out the rationale behind the introduction of the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol so as to provide a basis for its critical assessment in actual practice, as dealt with in Part III. Finally, the paper makes a concluding remark and suggests a way forward. Findings It is submit

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Germain, M., A. Magnus, and V. van Steenberghe. "How to design and use the clean development mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol? A developing country perspective." Environmental and Resource Economics 38, no. 1 (2007): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-006-9066-3.

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Beresford, R., and S. Waller. "THE KYOTO PROTOCOL- THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99044.

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In 1997, Australia signed the Kyoto Protocol under which it had been assigned what will become a legally binding emissions cap of 108% of its 1990 emissions. This target may be appropriate for our national circumstances but will be challenging to meet. This paper examines the way Woodside Energy Ltd is addressing the threats and opportunities raised by the Kyoto Protocol.The major risk to Woodside's business arises from the division of the Protocol into Annex B and non-Annex B. Australia is in Annex B, which is composed primarily of developed countries that have assigned emission amounts that

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HONLONKOU, ALBERT N., and RASHID M. HASSAN. "DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' RESPONSE TO THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM UNDER IMPERFECT INFORMATION AND TRANSACTION COSTS." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 01 (2015): 1550001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500013.

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Developing countries are struggling for finding resources to finance their adaptation to or mitigation of the effects of climate change. In that spirit, the Copenhagen summit, the fifteenth Conference of Parties (COP15) can be seen as a success since it ended with an important promise of creation of a common fund of $US 100 billions per year over the period 2013–2020 to help poor and emerging countries to support adoption of costly but eco-friendly technologies. However, implementation of former instruments shows mixed results. In this paper, we show that transaction costs effect dominates asy

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RAHMAN, SHAIKH M., DONALD F. LARSON, and ARIEL DINAR. "COSTS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ABATEMENT UNDER THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM." Climate Change Economics 06, no. 01 (2015): 1550005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007815500050.

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This paper examines the costs of emissions abatement through various types of projects financed under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol. Using project data, cost functions are estimated applying alternative functional forms. Results show that the average cost of abatement decreases with the volume of abatement, showing economies of scale and suggesting that reducing emissions through small projects is relatively expensive. Results also show significant variation in the costs of abatement by project type and location. Nevertheless, the observed distribution of project

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Bufoni, André Luiz, Aracéli Cristina de Sousa Ferreira, and Luciano Basto Oliveira. "The quality of carbon management accounting reporting as a financial barrier to clean development mechanism projects development." Cadernos EBAPE.BR 16, no. 3 (2018): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395165381.

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Abstract Recent works reveal that financial attractiveness is a severe barrier to the GHG emissions reduction projects in developing countries. Because of price collapse of the carbon market since 2013, the importance of projects budgeting and forecast has risen. This article aims to investigate the financial information and disclosure quality of 432 projects of the waste management sector using UNFCCC’s Clean Development Mechanism as a Kyoto Protocol Instrument. The research used the qualitative content analysis methodology supported by NVivo® software. The results indicate that the lack of r

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Smith, Joyotee. "Afforestation and reforestation in the clean development mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol: implications for forests and forest people." International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 2, no. 3/4 (2002): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2002.002406.

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Iwama, Kouichi. "New business opportunities for oil development companies-Kyoto Protocol including emission trading, clean development mechanism, etc.-The impact of emission trading, joint implementation and clean development mechanism on energy industries-." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 69, no. 3 (2004): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.69.313.

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BAYRAK, Mehmet Ragıp. "Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma İçin Türkiye’de Düşük Karbon Ekonomisi ve Kyoto Protokolü’nün Finansman Kaynakları / Low Carbon Economy and Financial Sources of The Kyoto Protocol for Sustainable Development In Turkey." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 1, no. 4 (2012): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v1i4.90.

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Dünya kamuoyu bugünlerde uluslararası iklim değişimi rejiminin, sera gazlarının salımına kısıtlamalar getiren Kyoto Protokolü’nün sona ereceği 2012 yılı sonrasını ve emisyon azaltımı adına net hedefler ortaya koymayan Kopenhag Uzlaşması’nın sonuçlarını tartışmaktadır. Düşük karbon ekonomisi modelinin temellerini oluşturan ve serbest piyasa ekonomisi mekanizması içerisinde çözüm arayan Temiz Kalkınma Mekanizması (CDM), Ortak Uygulama (JI) ve Emisyon Ticareti (ET) gibi Kyoto Protokolü uygulamalarının 2012 sonrasındaki durumu da belirsizdir. Kyoto Protokolü, iklim değişimi ile mücadelenin ve düşü

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Duic, N. "Potential of Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism in transfer of clean energy technologies to Small Island Developing States: case study of Cape Verde." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 7, no. 1 (2003): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-0321(02)00062-x.

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Yusoff, Sumiani, and T. S. Loh. "The Application of Clean Development Mechanism as a Driver for Renewable Energy Projects in Malaysia." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3189.

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The issue of climate change has long been attributed to the extensive amount of carbon emission through the utilization of fossil fuel as our primary energy source. As this source reaches depletion, the search for alternative and renewable energy options has received much attention on a global scale. The two-pronged approach of renewable energy projects reducing global greenhouse gas emissions through substitution of fossil fuels and prolonging the lifespan of non-renewable energyis deemed as the key to our endeavour for sustainable development. The Clean Development Mechanism under the Kyoto

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Montaud, Jean-Marc, and Nicolas Pecastaing. "Does Mexico benefit from the Clean Development Mechanism? A model-based scenario general equilibrium analysis." Environment and Development Economics 21, no. 2 (2015): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x15000169.

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AbstractSince 2000, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol has included southern countries in the fight against climate change by encouraging northern countries to make environmentally friendly direct investments at the lowest cost in these developing nations. Although CDM investments have enjoyed great success, the question of the contribution of these investments to the development of the host countries remains insufficiently explored. This paper offers a computable general equilibrium model-based scenario, describing the potential economic and environmental impacts o

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de Cendra, Javier. "Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Forest Sector: Afforestation/Reforestation Clean Development Mechanism in Asia - Edited by Yeo-Chang Youn." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 16, no. 2 (2007): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2007.00550_7.x.

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Fearnside, Philip M. "Environmentalists split over Kyoto and Amazonian deforestation." Environmental Conservation 28, no. 4 (2001): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892901000315.

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Controversies over tropical forest and KyotoSlowing deforestation in Amazonia would be a significant contribution to combating global warming and, depending on decisions under the Kyoto Protocol, could provide non-destructive support for rural population in the region (Fearnside 2000a). Crediting avoided deforestation is divisive, both within and among environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments. Positions of NGOs on inclusion of avoided deforestation in the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are tightly linked to geography: European NGOs oppose inclusio

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Viola, Eduardo. "Brazil in the context of global governance politics and climate change, 1989-2003." Ambiente & Sociedade 7, no. 1 (2004): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1414-753x2004000100003.

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The climate regime is the more comprehensive and ambitious of all environmental regimes, linking in a very direct way one the most crucial economic issue, the use of energy and energy efficiency with one of the stronger environmental threaten. For this reason the climate regime is one of the most important examples of the impasses of building up some limited global governance in a unipolar anarchic world. The paper discusses the evolution of the Brazilian standing in its relation with the world during the last decade: moving from a more nationalist toward a more liberal and globalist standing

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Gaglioppa, P. "“Clean Development Mechanism” projects in the developing countries within the Kyoto protocol: problem analysis of a case study in Morocco." Forest@ - Rivista di Selvicoltura ed Ecologia Forestale 6, no. 1 (2009): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3832/efor0596-006.

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Saura Estapà, Jaume. "Flexibility Mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol: Constitutive Elements and Challenges Ahead." Revue générale de droit 34, no. 1 (2014): 107–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027236ar.

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Climate change has become in the past decades one of the major global problems that humanity must face. In order to try to stop it, and eventually reverse it, the international community has adopted the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) and the Kyoto Protocol (1997, not yet in force). The Protocol sets quantified commitments for developed countries concerning the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases, but also the possibility to comply with such commitments in a flexible manner, through three instruments: joint implementation, the clean development mechanism and

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Ali, Haider, and Santosh Kumar Tiwari. "Overview of Legal and Policy Measures of Carbon Trading and Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) In India." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (2021): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.26.

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It is scientifically well proven facts that carbon dioxide is the main cause of greenhouse gas emission by burning of fossils fuels. Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) empower the parties to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the diverse industries by elaborating the mechanisms of Clean Development Mechanism Joint Implementation, and Emission Trading. This has created an international market for carbon trading. The paper addresses the global and Indian’s national carbon trading system, starting with the UNFCCC, and Kyoto Protocol comprising car

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Bachiller Méndez, Ignacio, José Luis Fernández-Cavada Labat, and Jaime Martín Juez. "Derechos de emisión temporales procedentes de actividades de forestación y reforestación en el EU ETS." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 7, no. 14 (2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2007.14.02.

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The authors have assessed the regulatory framework set by the UNFCCC (United Nations Frame Convention on Climate Change), the Kyoto Protocol and its Flexible Mechanisms, including the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), and the EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading Scheme). After this general overview, the article shows how afforestation and reforestation activities have been incorporated into the CDM process and its current consideration under the EU ETS. Transaction costs of these types of CDM project activities are analyzed, together with the state of the temporary allowances market. Fina

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Godoy, Sara Gurfinkel Marques de, and Maria Sylvia Macchione Saes. "Cap-and-trade and project-based framework: how do carbon markets work for greenhouse emissions reduction?" Ambiente & Sociedade 18, no. 1 (2015): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc795v1812015en.

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There are two examples of carbon market mechanisms: i ) trading based on the cap-and-trade principle establishes Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission limits for companies that can negotiate allowance to pollute (as in European Union Emission Trading Scheme, EU ETS) , and ii ) carbon credits, project-based emission reductions of GHG (such as the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol, CDM). Given the importance of these two, this paper presents the dynamics of the evolution of carbon markets evolution by analyzing different markets (including other examples) and their framework, performan

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Missfeldt, Fanny, and Arturo Villavicenco. "The Economies in Transition as Part of the Climate Regime: Recent Developments." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 27, no. 3 (2000): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b2659.

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Since the adoption of the Climate Convention in 1992 at the latest, formerly communist countries have been following the climate debate despite serious domestic economic and social problems. Since 1990 the region has contributed the most to curbing the problem of climate change, albeit accidentally, through the sharp decline in their emissions in parallel with the decline in their economies. In this paper we review the role played by the economies in transition in the climate negotiations until early 2000, especially in light of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Convention. We consider em

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