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Journal articles on the topic 'Kyrios (The Greek word)'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Turek, Waldemar. "Bóg, w którego wierzą chrześcijanie według "Prima Clementis"." Vox Patrum 61 (January 5, 2014): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3624.

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In his First Letter to the Corinthians, Saint Clement of Rome offers a conception of God based on biblical texts, philosophical arguments (especially Greek), and juridical reasoning (especially based on Roman law). Taking into consideration the various terms that refer to God in the Prima Clementis, the author of this paper analyzes those that occur most frequently, including theos, kyrios, despotes and pater. He attempts to uncover the meaning of these terms in the Prima Clementis and in the preceding tradition, as well as the theological ideas that these terms were intended to express. In this way, the author aims not only to present the concept of God as elaborated by Clement, but also Clement’s cultural background which hitherto has remained in the dark. The word theos indicates God’s omnipotence, emphasizing his power to create and justify; as kyrios God brings order to the created world and establishes harmony among its various elements; despotes, Clement’s favourite term, describes God as the one who invites man to change his behaviour, the one who chooses him and justifies him with his grace; pater refers to the God of peace who encourages all believers to collaborate, especially the community at Corinth.

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2

Collins, Adela Yarbro. "Mark and His Readers: The Son of God among Greeks and Romans." Harvard Theological Review 93, no. 2 (April 2000): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000016710.

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In his influential work,Kyrios Christos, Wilhelm Bousset confessed that he had vacillated and was still vacillating on the question of whether the creation of the title υἱòς θɛo⋯ (“Son of God”) as an epithet for Jesus ought to be attributed to the earliest community of his followers in Palestine. He tentatively took the position that the oldest community of followers of Jesus described him as the παῖς θɛo⋯ (“Servant of God”) in a messianic interpretation of the servant-poems of Second Isaiah. This epithet, he thought, was in considerable tension with the notion of Jesus as the Son of God, making it unlikely that both epithets originated in the same context. He argued that the statement of the divine voice in the scenes of baptism and transfiguration, “You are my Son,” is a tradition that circulated in the earliest community but that this address is a far cry from the title “Son of God.” He was thus inclined to conclude that this title originated “on Greek ground, in the Greek language.” He argued that the confession of Jesus as the Son of God by the Gentile centurion in Mark 15:39 cannot be understood as a recognition of Jesus as the Jewish messiah. Rather, “Son of God” was the formula chosen by the evangelist to express the identity of Jesus Christ for the faith of the Gentile Christian community.

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3

Hadjiafxenti, Christina. "Das Byzanz-Bild von Anastasios Diomedes Kyriakos." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 11, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2019.110204.

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*Full article is in GermanEnglish abstract: In the nineteenth century, Anastasios Diomedes Kyriakos, a Greek professor of theology at the newly founded University of Athens, wrote a much heeded scholarly work of Greek ecclesiastical history. Kyriakos had been profoundly influenced by his German Protestant theological predecessors whose ideas, including those about Byzantium, found their way into his work, such that Byzantium was presented as an empire in constant decline. This article addresses the question whether this negative presentation of Byzantium was also adopted in Kyriakos’ school textbooks for ecclesiastical history at a time in which Byzantium was generally perceived proudly as part of Greek national historiography and identity.German abstract: Anastasios Diomedes Kyriakos, griechischer Theologieprofessor an der neu gegründeten Universität von Athen, verfasste im 19. Jahrhundert ein bedeutsames akademisches Werk für Kirchengeschichte. Sein Werk war sehr stark von seinen deutschen, evangelischen theologischen Vorbildern geprägt, was sich nicht zuletzt bei seiner Byzanz-Darstellung niederschlägt, denn genau wie seine Vorbilder zeichnet er Byzanz als ein Reich im stetigen Verfall. Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich vor allem mit der Frage, ob diese negative Byzanz-Darstellung auch in Kyriakos’ Schulbüchern für Kirchengeschichte tradiert worden ist, in einer Zeit, in der Byzanz eigentlich mit Stolz als Teil der griechischen Nationalgeschichtsschreibung und Identität betrachtet wurde.

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4

Arvanitogiannis, Andreas. "Greek is the word." Nature 388, no. 6637 (July 1997): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/40257.

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5

DAVISON, M. E. "New Testament Greek Word Order." Literary and Linguistic Computing 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/4.1.19.

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6

Philippaki-Warburton, Irene. "WORD ORDER IN MODERN GREEK." Transactions of the Philological Society 83, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.1985.tb01041.x.

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7

Witczak, Krzysztof Tomasz. "Hystrix in Greek." Studia Ceranea 3 (December 30, 2013): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.03.13.

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Dictionaries of the Ancient Greek language distinguish only two or three different meanings of the Greek word ὕστριξ. The present author analyses all the contexts and glosses where the word in question appears. On the basis of his own analysis he assumes that dictionaries of Ancient Greek should contain as many as seven different semantems: I. ‘swine bristle’, II. ‘swine leather whip, the cat, used as an instrument of punishment’, III. ‘porcupine, Hystrix cristata L.’, IV. ‘hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus L.’, V. ‘sea urchin’, VI. ‘badger, Meles meles L.’; VII. ‘an unclearly defined animal’.

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8

Gaeta, Livio, and Silvia Luraghi. "Gapping in Classical Greek prose." Studies in Language 25, no. 1 (October 1, 2001): 89–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.1.04gae.

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The order of gapping has repeatedly been connected with the basic word order of a language. Such a view is inadequate for free word order languages, such as Classical Greek. Classical Greek allows both right- and leftward gapping; besides, some cases of bi-directional gapping are also attested. All types of gapping can occur both with VO and with OV order. The preference for rightward gapping, rather than pointing toward a certain basic word order, appears to be connected with general properties of human processing capacities, while the order of gapping of each specific occurrence can be shown to be pragmatically motivated.

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9

Hatzigeorgiu, Nick, George Mikros, and George Carayannis. "Word Length, Word Frequencies and Zipf’s Law in the Greek Language." Journal of Quantitative Linguistics 8, no. 3 (December 2001): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/jqul.8.3.175.4096.

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10

Chitiri, Helena-Fivi, and Dale M. Willows. "Bilingual word recognition in English and Greek." Applied Psycholinguistics 18, no. 2 (April 1997): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400009942.

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ABSTRACTThe word recognition processes of proficient bilinguals were examined in their mother tongue (Greek) and in English in relation to the linguistic and syntactic characteristics along which the two languages differ. Their processes were then compared with those of monolingual readers.The following issues were addressed: the nature of bilingual functioning, whether it is language specific, and the factors that affect second language reading development. These issues were examined within the context of a letter cancellation paradigm. The results indicated that bilingual readers performed differently in each of their two languages, conforming more the monolingual patterns in their mother tongue than to those in their second language. This discrepancy was interpreted as a lack of coordination of different word recognition skills in the second language.

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11

Aronson, J. "When I use a word . . . : Medical Greek." BMJ 316, no. 7134 (March 14, 1998): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.316.7134.845.

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12

Köbler, Gerhard. "Kirche und Kirchenrecht auf dem Wege in und durch die deutsche Sprache." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 106, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2020-0003.

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AbstractChurch and Ecclesiastical Law in German language and beyond. Searching for sense in human life, already in prehistoric times, men developed religious notions. Jesus (Christ), born at Bethlehem about 2020 years ago, declared himself to be the unique son of god Jahwe and was therefore crucified by Romans and Jews at Jerusalem. Nevertheless billions of men and women believed in his miraculous resurrection and his sacrifice for the salvation of mankind – among them almost every individual speaking German. The study shows how the Christian term ‘church’, derived from Greek kyrios (master), was adopted and spread in old German languages. Various parts of human law in general, which were and are influenced by Christian thought, were analyzed from the very beginning of the church within the Roman empire, and they were followed up to the global presence.

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13

Sasseville, David. "The Lydian word for ‘prosecutor’." Kadmos 57, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2018): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kadmos-2018-0008.

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Abstract The present paper offers a contextual analysis of the Lydian title šiwraλm(i)- of unclear semantics and compares it with the Greek title προήγορος ‘advocate, prosecutor’ found in a Greek inscription from Ephesus. Both titles have in common that they refer to officials related to the cult of Artemis in Ephesus and Sardis. The comparative analysis yields new information on the cult of the goddess and contributes to our understanding of the Lydian lexicon.

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14

Pugazhendhi, D. "Tamil, Greek, Hebrew and Sanskrit: Sandalwood ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬(Σανταλόξυλο) and its Semantics in Classical Literatures." ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY 8, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.8-3-3.

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The Greek and Tamil people did sea trade from the pre-historic times. Sandalwood is seen only in Tamil land and surrounding places. It is also one of the items included in the trade. The Greek word ‘σανταλίνων’ is first mentioned in the ancient Greek works around the middle of the first century CE. The fact that the word is related to Tamil, but the etymologist did not acknowledge the same, rather they relate it to other languages. As far as its uses are concerned, it is not found in the ancient Greek literatures. One another type of wood ‘κέδρου’ cedar is also mentioned in the ancient Greek literature with the medicinal properties similar to ‘σανταλίνων’. In the same way the use of the Hebrew Biblical word ‘Almuggim -אַלְמֻגִּ֛ים’ which is the word used for sandalwood, also denotes teak wood. This shows that in these words, there are possibilities of some semantic changes such as semantic shift or broadening. Keywords: biblical word, Greek, Hebrew, Sandalwood, Tamil

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15

Ivanova, Karina, Oleh Sadovnikov, and Yana Balabay. "MYTHICAL WORD AND MYTH IN ANCIENT GREEK TRADITION." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 16, no. 2 (2020): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2020.16.10.

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The term "myth" is a category of our thinking, used to combine the attempts to explain natural phenomena, creations of oral literature, philosophical constructions and cases of linguistic processes in the mind of the subject. Myth is a living word, myth was experienced, and this experience determined the essence of the myth for man in the period of transformation of thinking from figurative into conceptual. Man of ancient times didn't separate himself from society, both society from nature and cosmos as an embodiment of various and numerous gods. "Myth" was used to confirm the existence of something unknown or something that couldn't be verified, but there is trust in this unknown, based on translation. "Logos" was used to denote a word generated by mind, as a word referred to some higher, metaphysical one. The word "epic" was understood as an objective metrical narrative, in which a poetic illusion, an appropriate deception, illogicality were allowed. "Myth", "logos" and "epic" were filled with different semantic meanings. The semantic nuances in the word "myth" appeared in periods of weakening the power of myth and lately, when myth, as a sacred word, was opposed to religion, science and philosophy. The mythical word weakened by religious dogmas and definitions, empirical data of science and the logic of philosophical constructions, which created a new attitude to the myth and its definition. According to the Greek tradition the word "myth" was formed as a multifaceted concept with a number of semantic nuances. The word itself was less understood, while more felt, reflecting the irrational aspects of human perception of the world or some parts. The myth was determined not by the word itself, but by the attitude to the description of experiences or events conveyed by him, formed in stories, with the addition of emotions, signs and symbols, combining verbal and nonverbal means of information.

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16

Iliadou, Vassiliki, Marios Fourakis, Angelos Vakalos, John W. Hawks, and George Kaprinis. "Bi-syllabic, Modern Greek word lists for use in word recognition tests." International Journal of Audiology 45, no. 2 (January 2006): 74–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992020500376529.

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17

Lavidas, Nikolaos. "Word order and closest-conjunct agreement in the Greek Septuagint: On the position of a biblical translation in the diachrony of a syntactic correlation." Questions and Answers in Linguistics 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 37–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/qal-2019-0003.

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Abstract Clauses can show closest-conjunct agreement, where the verb agrees only with one conjunct of a conjoined subject, and not with the full conjoined subject. The aim of this study is to examine the properties of word order and closest-conjunct agreement in the Greek Septuagint to distinguish which of them are due to the native syntax of Koiné Greek, possibly influenced by contact with Hebrew, and which of them are the result of a biblical translation effect. Both VSO and closest-conjunct agreement in the case of postverbal subjects have been considered characteristics of Biblical Hebrew. VSO becomes a neutral word order for Koiné Greek, and Koiné Greek exhibits examples of closest-conjunct agreement as well. The present study shows that VSO is the neutral word order for various types of texts of Koiné Greek (biblical and non-biblical, translations and non-translations) and that closest-conjunct agreement is also present with similar characteristics in pre-Koiné Greek. All relevant characteristics reflect a type of a syntactic change in Greek related to the properties of the T domain, and evidenced not only in translations or Biblical Greek. However, the frequencies of word orders are indeed affected by the source language, and indirect translation effects are evident in the Greek Septuagint.

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18

Vatri, A., and B. McGillivray. "The Diorisis Ancient Greek Corpus." Research Data Journal for the Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24523666-01000013.

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The Diorisis Ancient Greek Corpus is a digital collection of ancient Greek texts (from Homer to the early fifth century ad) compiled for linguistic analyses, and specifically with the purpose of developing a computational model of semantic change in Ancient Greek. The corpus consists of 820 texts sourced from open access digital libraries. The texts have been automatically enriched with morphological information for each word. The automatic assignment of words to the correct dictionary entry (lemmatization) has been disambiguated with the implementation of a part-of-speech tagger (a computer programme that may select the part of speech to which an ambiguous word belongs).

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19

George, Coulter H. "Helma Dik: Word Order in Greek Tragic Dialogue." Gnomon 81, no. 6 (2009): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2009_6_481.

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20

Hoffmann, R. "DIK, HELMA: Word Order in Greek Tragic Dialogue." Kratylos 55, no. 1 (2010): 210–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29091/kratylos/2010/1/35.

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21

Valério, Miguel. "Λαβύριθος and word-initial lambdacism in Anatolian Greek." Journal of Language Relationship 15, no. 1-2 (March 1, 2017): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/jlr-2017-151-209.

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22

Allan, Rutger J. "Clause Intertwining and Word Order in Ancient Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156658412x649733.

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AbstractIn Ancient Greek complex sentences consisting of a main and complement clause, constituents which semantically and syntactically belong to the complement clause can be placed in a position preceding or interrupting the main clause. This phenomenon is referred to as clause or sentence intertwining. This paper examines the pragmatic factors involved in the preposing of contituents in sentences containing an in initival complement clause. It will be argued that the specific pragmatic function of the preposed constituents is Theme (left dislocation), new/contrastive topic or narrow focus. Preposing can be analyzed as a device to pragmatically highlight the involved constituents. The paper also addresses the position of new, contrastive and given topics and of adverbs and clauses with Setting function.

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23

Davydov, T. G. "Ancient Greek words violating the word end rule." Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology XXIV (2020): 964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152461.

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24

Manousakis, Nikos. "The Very First Written Word in Literary Greek." Hermes 149, no. 2 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/hermes-2021-0012.

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25

CHONDROGIANNI, Vasiliki, and Richard G. SCHWARTZ. "Case marking and word order in Greek heritage children." Journal of Child Language 47, no. 4 (January 8, 2020): 766–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000919000849.

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AbstractThis study examined the linguistic and individual-level factors that render case marking a vulnerable domain in English-dominant Greek heritage children. We also investigated whether heritage language (HL) children can use case-marking cues to interpret (non-)canonical sentences in Greek similarly to their monolingual peers. A group of six- to twelve-year-old Greek heritage children in New York City and a control group of age-matched monolingual children living in Greece participated in a production and a picture verification task targeting case marking and (non-)canonical word order in Greek. HL children produced syncretic inflectional errors, also found in preschool monolingual children. In the comprehension task, HL children showed variable performance on the non-canonical OVS but ceiling performance on the SVO conditions, which suggests influence from English. Linguistic factors such as case transparency affected comprehension, whereas child-level factors such as proficiency and degree of (early) use of Greek influenced performance on both modalities.

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Kuibida, Khrystyna, and Rocksolyana Olishchuk. "WORD-FORMATION IN MODERN GREEK: THE PECULIARITIES OF SUFFIXATION." Studia Linguistica, no. 16 (2020): 86–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2020.16.86-100.

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The article analyzes the main features of the affixation as one of the ways of the Greek word formation, of suffixation in particular. In order to reveal the complete historical picture concerning the processes of appearance or loss of specific suffixes, besides the synchronic, the diachronic approach was used in the work. Firstly, the history of the development of linguistic traditions of the Greek language is mentioned, the main theoretical concepts are defined, such as: a word-forming type as the main classification unit of a word-forming paradigm, a word-forming meaning and a word-forming category. The Greek suffixes were divided into two types: those that add an emotional tone to the word (diminutive, augmentative), and give a new meaning to the word. Diminutive suffixes are are of substantival and adjective nature, while augmentative suffixes might also be added to the verb bases. It is noted that the augmentatives are used exclusively in masculine and feminine genders, while diminutives are used in three genders (of which the neuter prevails). Suffixes of the second type transfer the creative basis into another grammatical category, changing the meaning. In the system of Modern Greek nouns several word-forming categories were singled out, on the basis of which word-forming models and meanings of suffixal derivatives are demonstrated. Adjective suffixation is briefly examined. The most common verb and adverb suffixes are listed. The main data on the Greek suffixation are systematized in the article: the general features of MG suffixes, the main differences between the features of AG and MG suffixations, the evolution of MG suffixation is analyzed on the basis of four types of suffixes, the borrowed MG suffixes are classified by origin.

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27

Lin, Lijuan. "A Winged Word on Marriage." Oriens 48, no. 3-4 (February 28, 2020): 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04801100.

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Abstract A foreign saying on marriage became widely known in China through Qian Zhongshu’s 1947 novel Fortress Besieged. As the novelist tells us, this saying has its source in both English and French literature, and in its different versions, marriage is either likened to a besieged fortress or a bird cage. This paper examines the origin and transmission of the saying in Greek, Arabic and Syriac sources, and argues that this saying originated in the so-called literature of the Christianized Socratic-Cynic philosophy, which once flourished in Syria. It became popular in the Byzantine and Arabic world after having been included into several famous Greek and Arabic gnomologies. Then it was introduced into modern languages, developed into different versions, finally came to China and became a household word among Chinese people.

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28

Keizer, Heleen M. "‘Eternity’ Revisited: A Study of the Greek Word αἰών." Philosophia Reformata 65, no. 1 (December 17, 2000): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117-90000603.

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The Greek word afiâ‰ˆn (aiôn) has a wide-ranging meaning as well as a wideranging history: it is most commonly translated as ‘eternity’ but has as its first meaning ‘life’ or ‘lifetime’; it has its place in Greek literature and philosophy, but also in the Greek Bible, where it represents the Hebrew word ‘olâm. In this article I intend to sketch the history of the meaning and interpretation of aiôn from the word’s first attestation in Homer up until the beginning of the Christian era. The expanded version of this study was defended as a doctoral dissertation, entitled Life Time Entirety: A Study of AIVN in Greek Literature and Philosophy, the Septuagint and Philo, on 7 September 1999 at the University of Amsterdam.

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Schiller, Diane, and Mary Charles. "Moving Forward and Backward with Palindromes." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 10, no. 2 (September 2004): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.10.2.0076.

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What is a palindrome? It is a number, word, or phrase that reads the same backward or forward. The Greek word palindromos means “running back again.” The Greek poet Sotades is generally credited with creating the first word palindrome around 300 BC. The earliest references to a numeric palindrome, 12345654321, are found in Indian Sanskrit mathematical literature written around AD 850.

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Sayeed, Ollie. "Hauchumsprung and the historical phonology of Greek *h." Indo-European Linguistics 7, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00701005.

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Abstract Ancient Greek underwent a sporadic sound change that copied an *h from the second syllable of a word to the first syllable, applying when the first syllable was vowel-initial, and perhaps also when it was stop-initial; this complements the analyses proposed so far in Greek historical phonology, particularly Sturm (2016, 2017), in accounting for the various sources of Proto-Greek *h. This change, Hauchumsprung, is unusual among recorded sound changes for involving the copying of a consonant over intervening material. Hauchumsprung, the φρουρᾱ́ rule, and Grassmann’s Law can be unified as three different footprints of a single sound change: one that copied aspiration from the middle of a word to the beginning of a word in early Greek.

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31

Carr, David. "Word in Education: Good, Bad and Other Word." Multidisciplinary Journal of School Education 9, no. 1(17) (June 30, 2020): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/mjse.2020.0917.01.

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St John’s Gospel identifies logos, translated as English ‘Word’, as the divine source of the wisdom or truth of the Christian message, if not with the godhead as such. However, given the cultural and intellectual influence of Greek thought on early Christian literature, one need not be surprised that these (and other) theological or metaphysical associations of Word are almost exactly replicated and prefigured in the dialogues of Plato, for whom formation of the divine aspect or element of human soul clearly turned upon access to or participation in the wisdom of logos. This paper explores the moral and spiritual connections between logos or Word, reason and soul in such Platonic dialogues as Gorgias, Republic and Theaetetus as well as the implications of conceiving education as the pursuit of such Word for ultimate human flourishing.

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32

Baghdasaryan, Susanna. "Etymology and Word Decoding." Armenian Folia Anglistika 5, no. 1-2 (6) (October 15, 2009): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2009.5.1-2.167.

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The language vocabulary is a system which grows mostly due to word formation. The latter takes place with the help of own or borrowed parts of words (root and suffix), which, certainly, used to be independent words. They penetrated the English vocabulary and made up new words while preserving their previous meanings. Most of the Latin and Greek borrowings do not make up the active vocabulary. They usually refer to scientific terms.

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33

Talli, Ioanna, and Polyxeni Emmanouil. "Reading and Non-word Repetition Skills in Bilingual Developmental Dyslexia: The Case of a Greek - Italian Bilingual Dyslexic Adult." International Journal of Education 12, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ije.v12i2.17010.

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Studies of bilinguals with developmental dyslexia learning to read in two alphabetic orthographies have shown that they demonstrate similar reading and phonological short-term memory (STM) deficits in both their languages. The present study aimed at exploring whether dyslexia in adults affects similarly decoding skills in two transparent languages, Greek and Italian, whether there are similar deficits in phonological STM and whether the dominance of one of the two languages affects the manifestation of the deficits. We compared the performance of a young Greek-Italian bilingual dyslexic adult (exposed to Italian from birth, L1: Greek) to that of a young monolingual Greek dyslexic adult, a young Greek-Italian typically developing (TD) bilingual adult (exposed to Italian from birth, L1: Greek) and a young Greek monolingual TD adult. We assessed them in word and non-word reading and non-word repetition. Results showed that bilingual dyslexic adult performed significantly poorer than the bilingual TD adult on all tasks in both languages, suggesting that dyslexia affects similarly decoding and phonological STM across languages. On reading, bilingual outperformed monolingual dyslexic, while monolingual outperformed bilingual TD adult. On phonological STM, both bilinguals outperformed monolinguals. A positive effect of bilingualism was found for reading skills only for dyslexics, while it was found for phonological STM for both dyslexic and TD adults. Finally, the dominance of L1 affected bilinguals' performance in reading but not in non-word repetition, where they showed better performance in Italian, perhaps due to the phonotactic complexity of the Greek orthography compared to Italian.

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Davidson, Matthew, and Helma Dik. "Word Order in Ancient Greek: A Pragmatic Account of Word Order Variation in Herodotus." Language 73, no. 1 (March 1997): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416610.

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Charitonidis, Chariton. "Colour verbs in Modern Greek: A cognitive approach." Word Structure 7, no. 2 (October 2014): 125–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2014.0063.

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This paper gives an outlook on how the coordination between phonology and semantics in verb derivation may look, and which constraints the distinction between possible/established, possible/novel, and not possible/forced verbs can be mapped onto. The object of investigation are the colour -ízo verbs in Modern Greek. The analysis is mainly based on the studies by Berlin & Kay (1969) , Kay & McDaniel (1978) , and Kay & Maffi (1999) on basic colour terms. The colour verbs in Modern Greek are compared with the English colour verbs. It is shown that systematic gaps linked to the causative/inchoative paradigm of -ízo verbs are due to the semantics of the base rather than deficiencies in the base's morphophonological character. The lower the evolutional stage that a base can be fitted to, the more likely an -ízo derivative will be produced.

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PAPAELIOU, CHRISTINA F., and LESLIE A. RESCORLA. "Vocabulary development in Greek children: a cross-linguistic comparison using the Language Development Survey*." Journal of Child Language 38, no. 4 (May 17, 2011): 861–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030500091000053x.

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ABSTRACTThis study investigated vocabulary size and vocabulary composition in Greek children aged 1 ; 6 to 2 ; 11 using a Greek adaptation of Rescorla's Language Development Survey (LDS; Rescorla, 1989). Participants were 273 toddlers coming from monolingual Greek-speaking families. Greek LDS data were compared with US LDS data obtained from the instrument's normative sample (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2000). Vocabulary size increased markedly with age, but Greek toddlers appeared to get off to a slower start in early word learning than US children. The correlation between percentage word use scores in Greek and US samples was moderate in size, indicating considerable overlap but some differences. Common nouns were the largest category among the fifty most frequent words in both samples. Numbers of adjectives and verbs were comparable across languages, but people and closed-class words were more numerous in the Greek sample. Finally, Greek late talkers showed similar patterns of vocabulary composition to those observed in typically developing Greek children.

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Сидорук, Галина Іванівна. "Developing word-consciousness through learning Latin and Greek morphemes." Філологічні студії: Науковий вісник Криворізького державного педагогічного університету 7, no. 2 (November 20, 2012): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/filstd.v7i2.655.

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The article consideres, analyzes and classifies Latin-Greek affixes and roots, which are the main components of morphemes of English scientific and technical terms that require memorization for successful translation and interpretation. Innovativeness of this study is in grounding the necessity for students to understand – "feel" the internal structure and semantics of terms and "construct" a word with meaningful morphological elements without need to "learn by heart" lexical units unclear for them.

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Dalalakis, J. E. "Morphological Representationin Specific Language Impairment:Evidence from Greek Word Formation." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 51, no. 1-2 (1999): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000021479.

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KOTSANIS, Y. "Quicklem: A Software System for Greek Word-Class Determination." Literary and Linguistic Computing 2, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/2.4.242.

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Goutsos, Dionysis. "Exploring Discourse Conditions on Word Order Phenomena in Greek." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 12, no. 2 (1994): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2010.0271.

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Poe, Joe Park. "WORD AND DEED: ON 'STAGE-DIRECTIONS' IN GREEK TRAGEDY." Mnemosyne 56, no. 4 (2003): 420–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852503769173048.

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Taking its departure from the generally-accepted opinion that (almost) all important movements and gestures of the actors in Greek tragedy are indicated in the text itself, this essay asks how the generic, and aesthetic, character of tragedy is affected by the verbal communication of so much visual detail. Do the passages that refer to movement advance the dialogue— that is, the dramatic action? If many of them seem to convey much the same information as the movement itself, this raises a question about just how dramatic Greek tragedy is. Undertaking a detailed, albeit not exhaustive, survey of utterances indicating actors' movements, the study shows that a majority of such utterances are followed by a specific response, either verbal or visual, and a number of others may be said to contribute otherwise to the progress of the dialogue. A relatively small but not insignificant number, however, clearly are external to the mimesis of communication among the dramatis personae . The final section of the essay argues that verbal indications of movement have an aesthetic value that is independent of the mimesis of actor/actor dialogue. For a number of utterances take notice of movements which—either because they are ancillary to what is said or because they are 'entailed' movements—do not of themselves contribute to the dramatic action.

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Kruglova, K. V. "Word order in the noun phrase in Mycenaen Greek." Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology, no. 25 (2021): 643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/ielcp230690152541.

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Murnachev, G. P. "Epidemiological importance of etymology of the Greek word “χoλepa”." Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases 17, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/eid40677.

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With the use a comparative historical and cartographic technique in an epidemiological study of materials on cholera, concomitant natural and social factors in the period up to 1817, this article considers the etymological carriers of the ancient Greek word "cholera" not as an infectious process, but as the epidemic process. This provided a clarification of the epidemiological characteristics of historical cholera in the Eurasian continent.

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Matić, Dejan. "Topic, focus, and discourse structure." Studies in Language 27, no. 3 (November 27, 2003): 573–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.27.3.05mat.

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It is commonly assumed that word order in free word order languages is determined by a simple topic – focus dichotomy. Analysis of data from Ancient Greek, a language with an extreme word order flexibility, reveals that matters are more complex: the parameters of discourse structure and semantics interact with information packaging and are thus indirectly also responsible for word order variation. Furthermore, Ancient Greek displays a number of synonymous word order patterns, which points to the co-existence of pragmatic determinedness and free variation in this language. The strict one-to-one correspondence between word order and information structure, assumed for the languages labelled discourse configurational, thus turns out to be only one of the possible relationships between form and pragmatic content.

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Alexiadou, Artemis. "On the morphosyntax of synthetic compounds with proper names: A case study on the diachrony of Greek." Word Structure 13, no. 2 (July 2020): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2020.0167.

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This paper discusses the formation of synthetic compounds with proper names. While these are possible in English, Greek disallows such formations. However, earlier stages of the language allowed such compounds, and in the modern language formations of this type are possible as long as they contain heads that are either bound roots or root- derived nominals of Classical Greek origin. The paper builds on the following ingredients: a) proper names are phrases; b) synthetic compounding in Modern Greek involves incorporation, and thus proper names cannot incorporate; c) by contrast, English synthetic compounds involve phrasal movement, and thus proper names can appear within compounds in this language. It is shown that in earlier Greek, proper names had the same status as their English counterparts, hence the possibility of synthetic compounds with proper names. It is further argued that the formations that involve bound/archaic roots are actually cases of either root compounding or root affixation and not synthetic compounds.

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BERGREN, THEODORE A. "GREEK LOAN-WORDS IN THE VULGATE NEW TESTAMENT AND THE LATIN APOSTOLIC FATHERS." Traditio 74 (2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tdo.2019.12.

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Early Latin Christian documents translated from Greek (e.g., Latin translations of the Greek New Testament) contain a large number of Greek loan-words. This article attempts to collect and catalogue the Greek loan-words found in the Vulgate New Testament and the early Latin versions of the Apostolic Fathers. In this literature I have identified some 420 loan-words. The purpose of this article is to systematically categorize, analyze, and comment on these loan-words. In the main section of the article the loan-words are divided into discrete content groups based on their origin and/or meaning. These groups include: (1.) words that originated in Hebrew or Aramaic Vorlagen and that were then transliterated into Greek and then Latin; (2.) words with biblical or ecclesiological orientation that are found exclusively or predominantly in early Christian Latin writings; (3.) words that fall into distinct categories of items, persons or places (e.g., “animals,” “items of clothing,” “gems and minerals,” “human occupations”); and (4.) words of a general character that do not fit in any of the above categories. In this section of the article are listed, for each loan-word: first, the Latin word; second, the Greek Vorlage; third, the meaning(s) of the Latin word; and fourth, one example of a passage in the Vulgate New Testament or the Latin Apostolic Fathers in which the Latin word may be found. Loan-words with special characteristics (e.g., Latin hapax legomena) are commented on individually.

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Fotiou, Constantina. "Debunking a myth: The Greek language in Cyprus is not being destroyed. A linguistic analysis of Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching." International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (July 25, 2018): 1358–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918786466.

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Aims and objectives:This paper examines Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching practices by Cypriot-born Greek Cypriots and investigates its linguistic forms, functions and codeswitching types. It also assesses the frequency of English in the data.Methodology:The data consist of authentic, informal conversations. Codeswitching is regarded as the use of two languages by one speaker in a single conversation, so established borrowings were excluded from the analysis. For assessing frequency, a word-count was conducted and for data analysis the distinction between insertions and alternations was used.Data and analysis:Forty hours of naturally occurring conversations among Greek Cypriots were studied. Data are categorised according to codeswitching types, linguistic forms and functions of English.Findings/conclusions:Quantitatively, English use is limited. Thus claims for excessive use of English are unfounded. Structurally, codeswitching mainly takes the form of English insertions in a Cypriot Greek grammatical structure. Most codeswitching is intra-sentential, with mostly English nouns and noun phrases used. Single-word switching is more frequent than multi-word switching.Originality:This study, to the author’s knowledge, is the first thorough documentation of oral Cypriot Greek–English codeswitching by Greek Cypriots born and raised in Cyprus and the first study addressing the assertions for the ‘destruction of the Greek language in Cyprus’ using a large sample of empirical data.Significance/implications:As Greek Cypriots’ native language but not the standard official language of the state, Cypriot Greek has been accused of being ‘susceptible’ to a heavy use of English because it supposedly lacks the richness of Standard Modern Greek. This work shows that such heavy use is only in the mind of purists and that claims about Cypriot Greek speakers’ linguistic deficit on the basis of purported dense codeswitching are unfounded.

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MEALAND, D. L. "Word Processing in Greek using Vuwriter Arts: A Test case for Foreign Language Word Processing." Literary and Linguistic Computing 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/2.1.30.

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Bakhouche, Béatrice. "Les expressions de l’essence dans la traduction et le commentaire du Timée par Calcidius (IVe siècle)." Chôra 18 (2020): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chora2020/202118/196.

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Expressing ‘essence’ in the translation and commentary of Timaeus by Calcidius (4th c. p.D.) depends on Platonist terminology which is not completely stabilised. We will see how, in his translation, Calcidius translated Greek words as οὐσία or φύσις, but also how he used the word substantia whereas there was no expression of essence in the Greek text. The Latin commentator used both essentia and substantia, but the latter quite often. However, in doing so, he weakened the meaning of the word substantia. Lastly, Calcidius translated into Latin and used Greek no‑Platonist expressions with a very specific signification of ‘essence’.

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Sanoudaki, Eirini. "Towards a Typology of Word-initial Consonant Clusters: Evidence from the Acquisition of Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2010): 74–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156658410x495826.

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AbstractIn this paper, I study the production of consonant clusters by Greek children and examine the consequences of the acquisition data for phonological theory, with particular emphasis on the word-initial position. Using a non-word repetition test, I tested the order of acquisition of wordinitial and word-medial s+obstruent (sT), obstruent-obstruent (TT) and obstruent-sonorant (TR) clusters in 59 children. The results provide evidence against any analysis that assigns identical status to word-initial sT and word-initial TT, such as models of extrasyllabicity, and lend support to an alternative analysis of the beginning of the word, based on Lowenstamm's (1999) initial ON hypothesis and CVCV theory (Scheer 2004).

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