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Journal articles on the topic 'L/D-Efficiency'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Perfetti, TA, BM Gordon, WM Coleman III, and WT Morgan. "Determination of the Transfer Efficiency of d-Nicotine to Mainstream Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 19, no. 5 (2001): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0710.

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AbstractExperiments were conducted to independently determine the mainstream smoke transfer efficiency of d-nicotine and l-nicotine. Two types of cigarettes (University of Kentucky 2R1 reference cigarette and a cigarette prepared from reconstituted sheet material, TS1) were employed in the study. A chiral-gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass selective detection analysis was used to separate and determine d- and l-nicotine. The two types of cigarettes were injected with varying levels of d- or l-nicotine (0-20 mg). The tobacco was removed from the nicotine-injected cigarettes and ana

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2

Campbell, C. G., E. C. Titgemeyer, and G. St-Jean. "Efficiency of D- vs L-methionine utilization by growing steers." Journal of Animal Science 74, no. 10 (1996): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1996.74102482x.

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3

Lei, Wang, and Wu. "Optimization of Tubular Microalgal Photobioreactors with Spiral Ribs under Single-Sided and Double-Sided Illuminations." Processes 7, no. 9 (2019): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7090619.

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Microalgae can be raw materials for the production of clean energy and have great potential for development. The design of the microalgal photobioreactor (PBR) affects the mixing of the algal suspension and the utilization efficiency of the light energy, thereby affecting the high-efficiency cultivation of the microalgae. In this study, a spiral rib structure was introduced into a tubular microalgal PBR to improve the mixing performance and the light utilization efficiency. The number of spiral ribs, the inclination angle, and the velocity of the algal suspension were optimized for single-side

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4

Perfetti, TA, AB Norman, BM Gordon, et al. "The Transfer of Nicotine from Nicotine Salts to Mainstream Smoke." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 19, no. 3 (2000): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0702.

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AbstractTransfer of nicotine to mainstream smoke was measured for Reference cigarettes made with the addition of 20 -40 mg of seven different nicotine salts, d- and l-nicotine and N’-formylnornicotine. Regression analysis of the nicotine yields from these cigarettes as a function of the nicotine content of the tobacco rods indicated an average nicotine transfer efficiency (17.5%), similar to that found for a separate series of cigarettes made with single-grade tobacco materials (16.2%). Analysis of the enantiomeric purity of the smoke nicotine from the cigarettes made with added nicotine salts

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5

Tran, Huyen, Aileen Joy L. Mercado, Terry Weeden, Brenda de Rodas, and Keith D. Haydon. "PSVII-14 Effects of Feeding High Level of Crystalline L-Lysine on Performance of Nursery Pigs." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_2 (2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac064.300.

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Abstract A total of 408 weaned pigs (19 d of age; 6.59 kg initial BW) were used in a 3-phase feeding program to evaluate effects of increasing levels of crystalline L- Lysine on performance of nursery pigs. Pigs were blocked by weaning BW and allotted to 44 pens which were assigned to one of 4 dietary treatments (9-10 pigs/pen; 11 pens/treatment), including the control diet supplemented with one of the four L-Lysine levels: 0.3% (L1), 0.5% (L2), 0.6% (L3), or 0.7% (L4). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and contained 1.40, 1.32, and 1.25% Sid Lys for phase 1, 2, and 3, respectively. L-Val

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6

Wang, Chengqiang, Jianzhi Zhao, Chenxi Qiu, et al. "Coutilization of D-Glucose, D-Xylose, and L-Arabinose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Coexpressing the Metabolic Pathways and Evolutionary Engineering." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5318232.

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Efficient and cost-effective fuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials requires simultaneous cofermentation of all hydrolyzed sugars, mainly including D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a traditional D-glucose fermenting strain and could utilize D-xylose and L-arabinose after introducing the initial metabolic pathways. The efficiency and simultaneous coutilization of the two pentoses and D-glucose for ethanol production in S. cerevisiae still need to be optimized. Previously, we constructed an L-arabinose-utilizing S. cerevisiae BSW3AP. In this study

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7

Espinosa, A., L. Rosas, K. Ilangovan, and A. Noyola. "Effect of trace metals on the anaerobic degradation of volatile fatty acids in molasses stillage." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 12 (1995): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0473.

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A laboratory UASB reactor was fed with cane molasses stillage at organic loadings from 5 to 21.5 kg COD/m3 d. With an organic load of 17.4 kg COD/m3 d, an accumulation of VFA, principally propionic acid, was observed due to little bioavailability or lack of trace metals (Fe, Ni, Co and Mo). Associated to this, the performance of the UASB reactor was low (44% COD removal efficiency), with an alkalinity ratio above 0.4. The addition of Fe (100 mg/l), Ni (15 mg/l), Co (10 mg/l) and Mo (0.2 mg/l) to the influent reduced significantly the level of propionic acid (5291mg/l to 251 mg/l) and acetic ac

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8

Miao, Peiyu, Qiang Wang, Kexin Ren, et al. "Advances and Prospects of d-Tagatose Production Based on a Biocatalytic Isomerization Pathway." Catalysts 13, no. 11 (2023): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13111437.

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d-tagatose is a low-calorie alternative to sucrose natural monosaccharide that is nearly as sweet. As a ketohexose, d-tagatose has disease-relieving and health-promoting properties. Due to its scarcity in nature, d-tagatose is mainly produced through chemical and biological methods. Compared to traditional chemical methods, biological methods use whole cells and isolated enzymes as catalysts under mild reaction conditions with few by-products and no pollution. Nowadays, biological methods have become a very important topic in related fields due to their high efficiency and environmental friend

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9

Lu, Chengyu, Ziwei Chen, Yuvaraj Ravikumar, et al. "Improving Catalytic Efficiency of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Lactobacillus plantarum CY6 towards D-Galactose by Molecular Modification." Foods 13, no. 11 (2024): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13111727.

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L-Arabinose isomerase (L-AI) has been commonly used as an efficient biocatalyst to produce D-tagatose via the isomerization of D-galactose. However, it remains a significant challenge to efficiently synthesize D-tagatose using the native (wild type) L-AI at an industrial scale. Hence, it is extremely urgent to redesign L-AI to improve its catalytic efficiency towards D-galactose, and herein a structure-based molecular modification of Lactobacillus plantarum CY6 L-AI (LpAI) was performed. Among the engineered LpAI, both F118M and F279I mutants showed an increased D-galactose isomerization activ

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10

Brzeskwiniewicz, Henryk. "On the A-, D-, E- and L-efficiency of block designs." Statistics & Probability Letters 30, no. 3 (1996): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7152(95)00220-0.

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11

Hu, Zhongming, Jiasong Wang, Yuankun Sun, and Ke Lin. "The Suppression of Flow-Induced Vibrations for a Single and Two Tandem-Arrangement Cylinders Using Three Splitter Plates." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 9 (2024): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091487.

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Some very useful methods for suppressing the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a single cylinder are known to potentially have a limited efficiency for tandem-arrangement cylinders. In this paper, three splitter plates uniformly attached around a cylinder with an angle of 120° are proposed to suppress the FIVs of both a single cylinder and two tandem-arrangement cylinders in a wind tunnel at Re = 4000–45,200. The splitter plates’ length to diameter ratios, L/Ds (where L is the length of the splitter plate and D is the cylinder diameter), are set from 0.1 to 0.8. The results show that the propose

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12

Hafsia, Leghrissi, CHEBIL Ali, MELLAH Thuraya, and FRIJA Aymen. "Optimizing Water Use Efficiency in Arid Tunisia: An Economic Evaluation of Public Irrigated Schemes for Agricultural Development." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N17 (2023): 644. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7956272.

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<strong>Résumé</strong> Cet article examine les déterminants de l'efficacité technique et de l'utilisation de l'eau dans des périmètres irrigués dans une région aride de la Tunisie. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 92 exploitations agricoles situées dans des périmètres irrigués. L’analyse des enquêtes a été réalisée par la méthode d'analyse d'enveloppement des données (DEA) pour le calcul des sco

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13

Shehata, Hoda M., Mohamed N. Abd El-Ghany, Salwa A. Hamdi, et al. "Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener." Fermentation 9, no. 8 (2023): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080749.

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D-Tagatose is a low-calorie sugar substitute that has gained increased attention as a functional sweetener owing to its nutraceutical and prebiotic properties. Traditionally, D-tagatose is produced via the enzymatic conversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose by L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI). Nonetheless, the most reported L-AI enzymes are ion-dependent enzymes requiring Mn2+ and/or Co2+ as cofactors for their reactions, which limits their application due to safety and health concerns. Herein, we addressed the facile bioconversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose using a novel recombinant metallic-ions

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14

Khaskheli, Allah Jurio, Muharam Ali, Shahla Baloch, et al. "Regulation of Callus Induction Efficiency in Banana Using Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in combination with Benzylaminopurine." Journal of Horticulture and Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 01 (2024): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.63459/jhas.2024.1.04.

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The regulation of callus induction in banana (Musa spp.) was investigated using plant growth regulators, specifically 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4 D) combined with other growth regulators to enhance callus formation efficiency. Different concentrations of 2,4 D, indole 3 acetic acid (IAA), and benzylaminopurine (BAP) were added to Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium to evaluate their effects on callus induction frequency, initiation time, proliferation efficiency and the number of regenerated calli. Results demonstrated that callus induction was significantly modulated by hormone conc

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15

Li, Zepeng, Runmin Wang, Xiantai Lai, et al. "Enabling Stable Recycling of L-Arabinose Isomerase Through Whole-Cell Immobilization for Efficient and Cost-Effective D-Tagatose Production." Foods 14, no. 9 (2025): 1538. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091538.

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D-tagatose is a functional sweetener with glucose-regulating and prebiotic properties, but its bioproduction from D-galactose faces many limitations, particularly the high production costs. In particular, the current biosynthesis of D-tagatose suffers from thermal instability and the substrate selectivity issues of L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) required to convert D-galactose into D-tagatose. In this study, recombinant Escherichia coli BW25113/pQE-80L-araAF118M/F279I expressing double mutant L-AI was immobilized to enhance its stability and reusability. The optimal conditions for whole-cell cat

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16

Almendariz, F. J., M. Meraz, A. D. Olmos, and O. Monroy. "Phenolic refinery wastewater biodegradation by an expanded granular sludge bed reactor." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 1-2 (2005): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0544.

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Refinery spent caustics (SC) were diluted with sour waters (SW) in a ratio 1:7, neutralized with CO2 (SC/SWCO2) and 83% of H2S was striped during this procedure, remaining an aromatic portion that contained 2123, 2730 and 1379 mg L−1 of phenol, p-cresol and o-cresol, respectively. The mixture was treated anaerobically in an EGSB reactor fed with 1.5 gCOD L−1 d−1, without mineral supplements causing loss of COD removal efficiency that dropped to 23%, methane production ceased and no phenol or cresols were biodegraded. The EGSB experiments were resumed by feeding the reactor with nutrients and p

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17

Shehata, Hoda M., El-Ghany Mohamed N. Abd, Salwa A. Hamdi, et al. "Characterization of a Metallic-Ions-Independent L-Arabinose Isomerase from Endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for Production of D-Tagatose as a Functional Sweetener." Fermentation 9, no. 8 (2023): 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080749.

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D-Tagatose is a low-calorie sugar substitute that has gained increased attention as a functional sweetener owing to its nutraceutical and prebiotic properties. Traditionally, D-tagatose is produced via the enzymatic conversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose by L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI). Nonetheless, the most reported L-AI enzymes are ion-dependent enzymes requiring Mn<sup>2+</sup> and/or Co<sup>2+</sup> as cofactors for their reactions, which limits their application due to safety and health concerns. Herein, we addressed the facile bioconversion of L-galactose to D-tagatose using a novel rec

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18

Castilho Theodoro, José Gabriel, Rone Batista De Oliveira, Marco Antonio Gandolfo, Ana Carolina Souto, Adenilson De Souza Da Silva, and Silvio Douglas Ferreira. "Rainfastness of a 2,4-D + glyphosate mixture on various weed species." Ensaios e Ciência: Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 29, no. 1 (2025): 2–14. https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2025v29n1p2-14.

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Environmental factors such as rainfall occurring soon after herbicide spraying can decrease weed control efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of simulated rain on the rainfastness of an herbicide mixture composed of 2,4-D + glyphosate, used to control Amaranthus spp., Commelina benghalensis, and Glycine max L. Merril soybean at two developmental stages. The herbicides used were dimethylamine salt (DMA806 BR® 670 g L-1) and glyphosate potassium salt (Roundup Transorb R®, 480 g L-1). The mixture was sprayed using a TTI11002 nozzles (300 kPa) at an application rate o

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19

Sandjiry, DIOP, Mbodj NDIAYE Madické, DIALLO Ibrahima, and SENE Babacar. "Technical efficiency of sanio millet intensification practices in the Kolda and Sédhiou regions." African scientific journal Vol 3, N°11 (2022): 243. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6537452.

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<strong>Résumé</strong> L’objectif de cet article est de montrer l’efficience technique des pratiques d’intensification dans les régions de Kolda et de Sédhiou à partir de la méthode des Analyses de Frontières   Stochastiques (SFA). Les résultats de l’étude montrent d’abord que les pratiques des semences améliorées et des engrais chimiques ou organiques procurent plus d’efficience technique avec un niveau de 62,99% et de 56,88%. Ensuite, l’application des pratiques d

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20

Zheng, Guo Chen, Zhu Jun Tian, Jian Zheng Li, et al. "The Performance Characteristics of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Fermentation System." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.347.

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A anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with an effective volume of 28.7 L was adopted, and the hydrogen production efficiency was investigated with diluted molasses as the substrate. Using a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic activated sludge, the ABR was start-up with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and 35°C. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was gradually increased from 500 mg/L to 6000 mg/L after a 63-day operation, the ABR kept a steady state. The increase of influent COD concentration, from 6000 mg/L to 8000 mg/L stage by stage, had the remarkable changes on t

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Ibidon, Firmin AKPO, Djromahuton DOHOU Modeste, and HOUESSINGBE Zachée. "Off-season onion production in North Benin: An analysis of technical efficiency through the stochastic approach." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 14 (2022): 142. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7248517.

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<strong>Résumé </strong> Bien que le Bénin dispose d’un potentiel agricole non négligeable, la production nationale d’oignon ne parvient pas encore à couvrir la demande de la population. Cette incapacité de la filière à répondre aux besoins intérieurs est imputable en partie à l’inefficacité dans l'utilisation des ressources productives. Afin d’examiner l’efficacité technique de la production d’oignon au Nord-Bénin, une enquête de terrain a ét&e

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22

Diaz, Mónica R., Javier Araneda, Andrea Osses, Jaime Orellana, and José A. Gallardo. "Efficiency of Salicornia neei to Treat Aquaculture Effluent from a Hypersaline and Artificial Wetland." Agriculture 10, no. 12 (2020): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120621.

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In this study, we evaluated the potential of Salicornia neei, a halophyte plant native to South America, to treat saline effluents with simulated concentration of ammonium-N (Amm) and nitrate-N (Nit) in a similar manner to land-based marine aquaculture effluents. Plants were cultivated for 74 days in drainage lysimeters under three treatments of seawater fertilized with: (1) Nit + Amm, (2) Nit, or (3) without fertilizer (Control). Over five repetitions, nitrogen removal efficiency (RE) was high in both treatments (Nit + Amm = 89.6% ± 1.0%; Nit 88.8% ± 0.9%), whereas the nitrogen removal rate (

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23

Zou, Run, Yi Zhang, Jinxiang Liu, et al. "Effect of a Taper Intake Port on the Combustion Characteristics of a Small-Scale Rotary Engine." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315809.

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Taper intake ports are effective in improving the charging efficiency of small-scale rotary engines (REs), but it is unclear how their structural parameters affect the in-cylinder flow field and combustion characteristics. For this reason, the effects of the diameter-length ratio (D/L) of an intake port on the in-cylinder flow field and combustion characteristics of a small-scale RE were numerically investigated by utilizing a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The results showed that the in-cylinder pressure of the RE did not follow a simple single-directional trend w

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24

Hijazi, Rayane Mustafa, Jihane Rahbani Mounsef, and Hadi Youssef Kanaan. "Comparison of Light Intensity Effect on Microalgal Growth in Cactus-like and Cylindrical Photo Bioreactors." Processes 12, no. 8 (2024): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081664.

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Improving photobioreactor performance for microalgae cultivation has been the aim of many researchers over the past few years. One of the primary challenges associated with existing photobioreactors is light penetration. An effective photobioreactor design should maximize light penetration, ensuring uniform illumination throughout the reactor. This study aims to assess the impact of light intensity on microalgal growth from the perspective of energy efficiency and productivity in two photobioreactors. A novel cactus-like and a cylindrical photobioreactor were designed and fabricated using thre

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Hussain, M. Iftikhar, and Manuel J. Reigosa. "Seedling growth, leaf water status and signature of stable carbon isotopes in C3 perennials exposed to natural phytochemicals." Australian Journal of Botany 60, no. 8 (2012): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt12072.

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In the present study, we evaluated the seedling growth, water status and signature of stable carbon isotopes in C3 perennial species exposed to natural phytochemicals. Three perennial species, cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), were grown for 30 days in perlite, watered with Hoagland solution and exposed to the phytochemicals benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) and cinnamic acid (CA) at 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM concentrations. BOA markedly decreased the leaf and root fresh weights of D. glomerata and L. perenne in a concentration-

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Menon Jr, L., M. A. F. dos Santos, and C. Anteneodo. "Random-search efficiency in a bounded interval with spatially heterogeneous diffusion coefficient." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2023, no. 12 (2023): 123203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ad0a92.

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Abstract We consider random walkers searching for a target in a bounded 1D heterogeneous environment, in the interval [ 0 , L ] , where diffusion is described by a space-dependent diffusion coefficient D(x). Boundary conditions are absorbing at the position of the target (set at x = 0) and reflecting at the border x = L. We calculate and compare the estimates of efficiency ε 1 = ⟨ 1 / t ⟩ and ε 2 = 1 / ⟨ t ⟩ . In the Stratonovich framework of the multiplicative random process, both measures are analytically calculated for arbitrary D(x). For other interpretations of the stochastic integrals (e

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Chen, Wu, Yaxin Yin, and Yan Liu. "Numerical Analysis and Optimization of Secondary Flow Channels in a PEMFC Cooling Plate." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 13, no. 4 (2025): 764. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040764.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) offer a promising zero-emission power solution for maritime transportation, yet thermal management remains challenging due to localized overheating and non-uniform temperature distribution. To address the trade-off between pressure drop and thermal performance in marine PEMFC cooling plates, this study developed and systematically evaluated six flow channel configurations through CFD simulations. Parametric analysis coupled with orthogonal experimental design was employed to explore the effects of secondary flow channel number (N), angle (α), width

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Amiri, Fatemeh, Mansooreh Dehghani, Zeinab Amiri, Saeed Yousefinejad, and Aboolfazl Azhdarpoor. "Photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from aqueous solutions by Ag3PO4/TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light: kinetic and thermodynamic studies." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 12 (2021): 3110–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.193.

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Abstract Between the countless chemical substances applied in agriculture, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide is considered as a toxic and carcinogenic pollutant which is difficult to remove from water due to its biological and chemical stability and high solubility. The goal of this study was photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-D, using Ag3PO4/TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light. The Ag3PO4/TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FESEM and EDS analysis to investigate its crystal structure and elemental compounds. The effect of operating parameters such as pH, contact t

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TCHAYE, Fatokou Kokou, and Koffi YOVO. "Efficience des exploitations avicoles au Togo : quel impact sur la compétitivité ?" African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 20 (2023): 106. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393015.

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<strong>Résumé </strong> Cet article met en avant la variation de la compétitivité entre différentes exploitations avicoles dans un contexte économique libéralisé. L'analyse de l'efficacité propre à chaque exploitation peut éclairer les moyens d'améliorer la compétitivité du secteur. L'objectif est d'évaluer l'efficacité des exploitations avicoles au Togo. En utilisant des données de 405 producteurs choisis aléatoirement dans trois zones agro&eac

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Torreele, Els, Ad van Der Sluiszen, and Johan Verreth. "The effect of dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance in fingerlings of the african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in relation to dietary lipid." British Journal of Nutrition 69, no. 1 (1993): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19930030.

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The effect of dietary L-carnitine on the growth and growth efficiency of African catifish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings was investigated. Six dietary levels of L-carnitine, varying from the conrol level (about 125 mg/kg) to 3920 mg/kg, were each tested at two dietary lipid levels (96 and 155 g/kg). The diets were isonitrogenous and were fed to thirty-six experimental groups of 100 fish weighing 5 g at a feeding level of 25·2 g/kg live weight(w)0.8 per d, during 18 d. The average final weight varied from 19·1 to 28·0 g. At a dietary lipid level of 96 g/kg the metabolic growth

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Jia, Xiaoning, Yanfeng Li, Lincheng Zhou, Yanli Yue, Gang Xie, and Lijun Fan. "Treatment on low carbon-to-nitrogen micro-polluted water by layered biological aerated filter with floating and sunken media." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 12 (2013): 2613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.511.

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In order to improve the TN removal efficiency on low carbon-to-nitrogen micro-polluted water, in this study, a layered biological aerated filter (L-BAF) was built. The results showed that the removal efficiency for CODMn, NH3-N, and TN was 71.6–90.3%, 99.8–99.9%, and 57.8–65.7%, respectively, when the C/N ratio was kept at 3 and the volumetric flow rate was 0.072 m3 d−1. The L-BAF could improve the TN removal efficiency by about 20% compared to a traditional process. The L-BAF and traditional process removal efficiency for NH3-N and CODMn were similar. The kinetic performance of the L-BAF indi

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Ortiz, Angy L., Graham S. Collier, Dawn M. Marin, et al. "The effects of heavy atoms on the exciton diffusion properties in photoactive thin films of tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrins." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 6 (2015): 1243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc02232g.

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The exciton diffusion coefficient (D) and exciton diffusion length (L<sub>D</sub>) for three tetrakis(4-carbomethoxyphenyl)porphyrins were obtained by fitting the quenching efficiency and PL lifetime to a 3D exciton Monte Carlo ediffusion model.

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Remus, Aline, Vinicius Souza, Dolores I. Batonon-Alavo, Friedrich Rouffineau, Ermias Kebreab, and Candido Pomar. "252 Efficiency of Utilization of Methionine for Weight Gain in Weaning Pigs is not Affected by Methionine Source: A Meta-Analysis." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (2022): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.222.

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Abstract Methionine is an essential dietary amino acid that can be supplied in different chemical forms: DL-methionine, L-methionine, and OH-methionine. It has been hypothesized that L-methionine might be used with greater efficacy for average daily gain (ADG) in weaning pigs due to their decreased enzymatic capacity to convert the other methionine forms. This study aimed to compare DL-methionine, L-methionine, and OH-methionine efficiency of utilization for ADG in weaned pigs through meta-analysis.The systematic review resulted in 2,167 papers screened for the title and abstract, with 24 pape

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Yuan, Qiupeng, Lei Wang, Guangxiang Xie, et al. "Evaluation of the Energy Consumption and Fractal Characteristics of Different Length-Diameter Ratios of Coal under Dynamic Impact." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155498.

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Coal samples having the same diameter (50 mm) and different length-diameter ratios (l/d), i.e., 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 were tested under dynamic uniaxial impact compression using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) experimental system. This study evaluates: (a) The effects of l/d on the energy consumption law and fractal characteristics of coal crushing; (b) The effects of l/d and stress balance on energy dissipation; (c) The effects of l/d and energy consumption density on the fractal characteristics of coal crushing. The findings under different l/d are as follows: (1

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Kumar, Vipin, Vijay Singh, Michael L. Flessner, Joseph Haymaker, Mark S. Reiter, and Steven B. Mirsky. "Cover crop termination options and application of remote sensing for evaluating termination efficiency." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (2023): e0284529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284529.

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Efficient termination of cover crops is an important component of cover crop management. Information on termination efficiency can help in devising management plans but estimating herbicide efficacy is a tedious task and potential remote sensing technologies and vegetative indices (VIs) have not been explored for this purpose. This study was designed to evaluate potential herbicide options for the termination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), and to correlate different VIs with visible terminati

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Hu, Shuyang, Qiuyan Shuai, Yulong Lin, Yan Fu, and Meng Li. "Chiral Fe _x Cu _y Se nanoparticles as peroxidase mimics for colorimetric detection of 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine enantiomers." Nanotechnology 33, no. 13 (2022): 135503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac4306.

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Abstract L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (L-dopa) is the most widely used drug in Parkinson’s disease treatment. However, development of cost-effective and high-throughput sensors to accurate enantioselective discrimination of L-dopa and D-dopa remains challenging to date. Herein, on the basis of the peroxidase-mimic activity of chiral Fe x Cu y Se nanoparticles, we demonstrated a novel colorimetric sensor for determination of chiral dopa. The surface chiral ligand, L/D-histidine (L/D-His), endowed the nanozymes with enantioselectivity in catalyzing the oxidation of dopa enantiomers. According t

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Maeng, Min-Soo, Jung-Seop Byun, Hyo-Jin Park, and Gwy-Am Shin. "Optimum Operating Conditions of Drinking Water Treatment System for Fluoride Removal using High Adsorption Bone Char." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 11 (2020): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.11.520.

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Objectives : Bone char is used in many eastern countries in Africa to remove high levels of fluoride from groundwater. However, due to the low adsorption efficiency of bone char, it is necessary to replace bone char frequently, which cause significant burden to the people in those areas. In this study, we developed a water treatment system to remove high level of fluoride in groundwater using a high efficiency bone char.Methods : In order to make a high efficiency bone char, cow bones were washed, dried and cut into small pieces. Then the bones were burned for 1, 3 and 5 hours at 350, 450 and

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Khan, Farah, Mohammad Zain Khan, Shams Qamar Usmani, and Suhail Sabir. "Biodegradation of phenol by aerobic granulation technology." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 2 (2009): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.863.

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High organic load and fluctuation in organic load in terms of total phenols is fed into a SBR of higher height and diameter ratio (H/D 20) and operated at 4 h cycle basis with a volumetric exchange ratio of 50% resulting in a constant HRT of 8 h. Successful cultivation of aerobic granules was achieved. Aerobic granulation technology system withstands the inhibitory effect as well as fluctuation of organic load and a better efficiency as compared to traditional activated sludge process. Maximum phenol concentration of 650 mg l−1 is treated efficiently in 4 h which is equal to an organic load of

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Abdurahman, N. H., Y. M. Rosli, N. H. Azhari, and Hayder A. Bari. "The potential of ultrasonic membrane anaerobic systems in treating slaughterhouse wastewater." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 3 (2015): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.107.

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Direct discharge of slaughterhouse wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS) and biochemical oxygen demand. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted membrane anaerobic system was used as a novel method for treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Six steady states were achieved, using concentrations of 7,800–13,620 mg/l for mixed liquor suspended solids and 5,359–11,424 mg/l for mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). Kinetic equations were used to describe the kinetics of treatment at organic loading rates of 3

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Kim, S. J., and P. Y. Yang. "Two-stage entrapped mixed microbial cell process for simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen for rural domestic sewage application." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0765.

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A two-stage entrapped mixed microbial cell (2SEMMC) process which separates nitrification and denitrification phases by the installation of the anoxic and oxic EMMC reactors packed with EMMC carriers was operated with 6, 4, 3, and 2 hours of hydraulic retention time (HRT) using simulated domestic wastewater. The activated sludge was immobilized using cellulose acetate for the EMMC carriers. Similar soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) removal efficiencies of 90-97% were observed for all HRTs (SCOD loading rate of 0.84-2.30 g/L/d) applied. In order to achieve more than 80 % of TN removal effic

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Liu, Hong, Min Yi Zhou, Cheng Wu Yi, Yan Sheng Du, Hui Juan Wang, and Tian Yin. "Study on the Experiment of Ion Transport Properties in Single Area Double Vortexes Plate ESP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.717.

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This paper explores the effect of factors on the ion concentration ne in single area double vortexes plate ESP. For example, the distance L between the export and the discharge electrode, applied electric field voltage U, the interval of collecting plates d, gas velocity υ, etc. Then the experimental results and data has been analyzed, and it is concluded that ne becomes maximum under the circumstance of U=18kV, L=100mm, d=100mm, υ=4m/s. The increasing charge capacity of fine particles can improve charging efficiency, and enhance the particles velocity and removal efficiency so as to provide a

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Petrovic, Aleksandra, and Marjana Simonic. "The efficiency of a membrane bioreactor in drinking water denitrification." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 21, no. 2 (2015): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq131129026p.

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The membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was investigated regarding its nitrate removal capacity from drinking water. The performance of a pilot-scale MBR was tested, depending on the operational parameters, using sucrose as a carbon source. Drinking water from the source was introduced into the reactor in order to study the influence of flow-rate on the nitrate removal and denitrification efficiency of drinking water. The content of the nitrate was around 70 mg/L and the C/N ratio was 3:1. Nitrate removal efficiencies above 90% were obtained by flow-rates lower than 4.8 L/h. The specific denitrif

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Kumar, Gopalakrishnan, and Chiu-Yue Lin. "Biogenic Hydrogen Conversion of De-Oiled Jatropha Waste via Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor Operation: Process Performance, Microbial Insights, andCO2Reduction Efficiency." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/946503.

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We report the semicontinuous, direct (anaerobic sequencing batch reactor operation) hydrogen fermentation of de-oiled jatropha waste (DJW). The effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) was studied and results show that the stable and peak hydrogen production rate of 1.48 L/L*d and hydrogen yield of 8.7 mL H2/g volatile solid added were attained when the reactor was operated at HRT 2 days (d) with a DJW concentration of 200 g/L, temperature 55°C, and pH 6.5. Reduced HRT enhanced the production performance until 1.75 d. Further reduction has lowered the process efficiency in terms of biogas prod

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Sheng, Hong Jiang, Jian Dong Mao, and Xue Sheng Li. "Analysis of Influence of Beam Expender Parameters on Coupling Efficiency of Single Mode Fiber Used in Lidar." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.339.

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Based on theoretical analysis, the beam expender used in all fiber lidar with a coupling efficiency of single mode fiber (SMF) is investigated. Some numerical computations are carried out and following results are obtained. For all fiber lidar in order to get the maximum coupling efficiency on SMF, the relationship between the distance d, ranged from the secondary to primary lens of the beam expender, and the laser waist spot location l, which is at a distance from the secondary lens of beam expender are obtained. And also the relationship between l and the measurable bandwidth is analyzed. Un

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Bakhshi, Zeinab, Ghasem Najafpour, Neya Navayi, Esmaeel Kariminezhad, Roya Pishgar, and Nafise Moosavi. "Recovery of UAPB from high organic load during startup for phenolic wastewater treatment." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2011): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq110428037b.

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Biodegradation of synthetic wastewater containing phenol by upflow anaerobic packed bed reactor (UAPB) was studied in this work. The reactor was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h and under mesophilic (30?1?C) conditions. The startup operation was conducted for 150 days; split into 4 phases. The phenol concentration was stepwise increased. The concentration of phenol in phases 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 100, 400, 700 and 1000 mg/l, respectively. In phase 1, the reactor reached steady state conditions on the 8th day with a phenol removal efficiency and biogas production rate of 96.8%

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Ageeva, Aleksandra A., Alexander B. Doktorov, Nikolay E. Polyakov, and Tatyana V. Leshina. "Chiral Linked Systems as a Model for Understanding D-Amino Acids Influence on the Structure and Properties of Amyloid Peptides." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063060.

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In this review, we provide an illustration of the idea discussed in the literature of using model compounds to study the effect of substitution of L- for D-amino acid residues in amyloid peptides. The need for modeling is due to the inability to study highly disordered peptides by traditional methods (high-field NMR, X-ray). At the same time, the appearance of such peptides, where L-amino acids are partially replaced by D-analogs is one of the main causes of Alzheimer’s disease. The review presents examples of the use diastereomers with L-/D-tryptophan in model process—photoinduced electron tr

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Wilson, Patrick C., Ted Whitwell, and Steven J. Klaine. "Toxicity, Uptake, and Distribution of Simazine in Canna hybrida `King Humbert': Implications for Phytoremediation." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 484e—485. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.484e.

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This research focuses on the potential use of Canna hybrida `King Humbert' for removing simazine from contaminated water generated at golf courses and ornamental nurseries. Because of simazine's herbicidal activity, it is important for levels in solution not to exceed plant tolerance levels. Tolerance levels for C. hybrida were determined by dosing plants for 7 d with 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg simazine/L nutrient media. Measurements of 7-d fresh mass production and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) were taken. Simazine uptake and distribution within the plant was determined by do

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Miao, Peiyu, Qiang Wang, Kexin Ren, et al. "Construction of Efficient Multienzyme Cascade Reactions for D-Tagatose Biosynthesis from D-Fructose." Fermentation 11, no. 3 (2025): 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation11030139.

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D-tagatose is an ideal sucrose substitute with potential applications in food and healthcare. The combined catalysis of polyphosphate kinase (PPK), fructose kinase (FRK), D-tagatose-6-phosphate 3-differential anisomerase (FbaA) and phytase provides a low-cost and convenient pathway for the biosynthesis of D-tagatose from D-fructose; however, there is still a problem of low catalytic efficiency that needs to be solved urgently. Therefore, this study enhanced the biosynthesis of D-tagatose by optimizing the expression levels of PPK, FRK and FbaA in a polycistronic system and knocking out the gen

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Jeena, M. T., Seokyoung Lee, Ayan Kumar Barui, et al. "Intra-mitochondrial self-assembly to overcome the intracellular enzymatic degradation of l-peptides." Chemical Communications 56, no. 46 (2020): 6265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc02029j.

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Tomita, Yasuo, and Tatsuya Ikeda. "Higher luminous efficiency of cold cathode fluorescent lamp for L. C. D. back lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 81, Appendix (1997): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.81.appendix_230.

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