Journal articles: 'L-Met'

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Bobrowski, K., and J. Holcman. "Intramolecular three-electron bonds formation in methionyl homopeptides (di-L-Met), (tri-L-Met)." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 28, no. 5-6 (January 1986): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(86)90189-x.

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Attia, Youssef A., Fulvia Bovera, Jinquan Wang, Mohammed A. Al-Harthi, and Woo Kyun Kim. "Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10060973.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets with amino acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and nitrogen excretion of broilers raised under hot climate conditions during the finisher period. In trial 1, broilers from 28 to 49 days of age were fed 18% crude protein (CP) as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with (1) DL-methionine (Met) + L-lysine (Lys), (2) Met + Lys + L-Arginine (Arg), or (3) Met + Lys + L-Valine (Val). In trial 2, broilers from 30 to 45 days of age, were fed an 18% CP diet as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, Arg, Val, L-Isoleucine (Ile) or combination with glycine (Gly) and/or urea as nitrogen sources: (1) Met + Lys, (2) Met + Lys + Arg, (3) Met + Lys + Val, (4) Met + Lys + Ile, (5) Met + Lys + Arg +Val + Ile + Gly, and (6) Met+ Lys + Arg + Val + Ile + Gly + urea. Protein use was improved by feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets as compared to the high-protein diet. Feeding 15% crude protein diet supplemented with only methionine and lysine had no negative effects on carcass yield, CP, total lipids and moisture% of breast meat while decreasing nitrogen excretion by 21%.

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Romanet, Stella, Jörg R. Aschenbach, Robert Pieper, Jürgen Zentek, John K. Htoo, Rose A. Whelan, and Lucia Mastrototaro. "Dietary Supplementation of dl-Methionine Potently Induces Sodium-Dependent l-Methionine Absorption in Porcine Jejunum Ex Vivo." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 7 (May 2, 2020): 1782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa115.

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ABSTRACT Background Methionine is an essential amino acid (AA) with many fundamental roles. Humans often supplement l-Met, whereas dl-Met and dl-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (dl-HMTBA) are more frequently used to supplement livestock. Objectives The study aimed to investigate whether dietary Met source alters the absorptive capacity for Met isomers in the small intestine of piglets. Methods A total of 27 male 10-wk-old piglets in 3 feeding groups received a diet supplemented with 0.21% dl-Met, 0.21% l-Met, or 0.31% dl-HMTBA to meet the Met + cystine requirement. After ≥10 d, absorptive fluxes of d-Met or l-Met were measured at a physiological concentration of 50 μM and a high concentration of 5 mM in duodenum, middle jejunum, and ileum ex vivo. Data were compared by 2-factor ANOVA. Results Across diets, fluxes of both Met isomers at both tested concentrations increased from duodenum to ileum by a factor of ∼2–5.5 (P < 0.05). Pigs supplemented with dl-Met had greater (P < 0.085) absorptive fluxes at 50 μM l-Met (0.50, 2.07, and 3.86 nmol · cm−2 · h−1) and d-Met (0.62, 1.41, and 1.19 nmol · cm−2 · h−1) than did pigs supplemented with dl-HMTBA (l-Met: 0.28, 0.76, and 1.08 nmol · cm−2 · h−1; d-Met: 0.34, 0.58, and 0.64 nmol · cm−2 · h−1) in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, respectively. Only in jejunum of dl-Met-fed pigs, fluxes at 50 μM l-Met were reduced by the omission of luminal Na+ (from 3.27 to 0.86 nmol · cm−2 · h−1; P < 0.05) and by a cocktail of 22 luminal AAs (to 1.05 nmol · cm−2 · h−1; P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary supplementation of dl-Met increases the efficiency of l-Met and d-Met absorption at physiologically relevant luminal Met concentrations along the small intestine of pigs, including a very prominent induction of an Na+-dependent transport system with preference for l-Met in the mid-jejunum. Dietary supplementation with dl-Met could be a promising tool to improve the absorption of Met and other AAs.

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Tung, Robert C., and Stephen L. Thornton. "Characteristics of Laboratory Confirmed Ethylene Glycol and Methanol Exposures Reported to a Regional Poison Control Center." Kansas Journal of Medicine 11, no. 3 (January 15, 2019): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.v11i3.8693.

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Introduction. Ethylene glycol (EG) and methanol (MET) exposuresare rare but can cause significant morbidity and mortality.Though frequently treated similarly, EG and MET exposures havecharacteristics that are not well differentiated in the literature. Wesought to describe the clinical characteristics of EG and MET exposures,confirmed with quantitative serum levels. Methods. An IRB-approved retrospective review of the Universityof Kansas Health System Poison Control Center database from July2005 to July 2015 identified all EG/MET exposures evaluated ata health care facility. Initial measurements were EG/MET levels,serum pH, serum creatinine, anion gap, serum ethanol level, maxanion gap, max osmolar gap, therapy performed (hemodialysis,fomepizole, ethanol) and death. Results. The search identified 75 cases, with 59 cases having onlydetectable EG levels and 15 cases having only detectable MET levels.The average EG level was 126 mg/dL (range 5 - 834). The averagedetectable methanol level was 78 mg/dL (range 5 - 396). The averagemaximum anion gap of the EG positive group was 20 mEq/L (range8 - 35). The average maximum anion gap of the MET positive groupwas 14 mEq/L (range 6 - 34). One death was reported in the EG positivegroup, with an initial level of 266 mg/dL. Conclusions. In this study of EG/MET exposures, EG exposureswere more common than MET exposures, but they had similardemographics, laboratory findings, and interventions. Continuedstudies are warranted to characterize these uncommon exposuresfurther. Kans J Med 2018;11(3):67-69.

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Hlaváček, Jan, Jana Pírková, Miroslava Žertová, Jan Pospíšek, Lenka Maletínská, and Jiřina Slaninová. "Cholecystokinin Heptapeptide Analogues with Multiple Modification in Peptide Chain." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 11 (1993): 2761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932761.

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Using solid phase synthesis we prepared the cholecystokinin fragment Boc-CCK-7 (Boc-Tyr(SO3-Na+)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2) Ia and its seven analogues Ib - Ih. In the analogues Ib and Ic the Met residue in the carboxyterminal part of the molecule was substituted for L- or D-Phe Me3. In the analogues Id and Ie with Phe residue substituted by L- or D-Phe Me3 the Neo was inserted in the place of this Met residue and in the analogues If and Ig, an addition to PheMe3 substitution in the carboxyterminus, both Met residues were replaced for Neo. This dual substitution for Met residues was also applied in the analogue Ih with coded Phe residue in the C-terminus.

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Rasch, Ilka, Solvig Görs, Armin Tuchscherer, John K. Htoo, Björn Kuhla, and Cornelia C. Metges. "Substitution of Dietary Sulfur Amino Acids by DL-2-hydroxy-4-Methylthiobutyric Acid Increases Remethylation and Decreases Transsulfuration in Weaned Piglets." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 432–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy296.

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ABSTRACT Background DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid (DL-HMTBA), an L-methionine (L-Met) hydroxyl analogue, has been suggested to be a dietary L-Met source. How dietary DL-HMTBA compared with L-Met affects whole-body L-Met kinetics in growing individuals is unknown. Objectives We determined to what extent DL-HMTBA supplementation of an L-Met–deficient diet affects whole-body L-Met and L-cysteine (L-Cys) kinetics, protein synthesis (PS), and the L-Met incorporation rate in liver protein (L-MetInc) compared with L-Met and DL-Met supplementation in a piglet model. Methods Forty-five, 28-d-old weaned piglets (male, German Landrace) were allocated to 4 dietary groups: L-Met-deficient diet [Control: 69% of recommended L-Met plus L-Cys supply; 0.22% standardized ileal digestible (SID) L-Met; 0.27% SID L-Cys; n = 12] and Control diet supplemented equimolarly to 100% of recommended intake with either L-Met (n = 12; LMET), DL-Met (n = 11; DLMET), or DL-HMTBA (n = 10; DLHMTBA). At 47 d of age, the piglets were infused with L-[1-13C; methyl-2H3]-Met and [3,3-2H2]-Cys to determine the kinetics and PS rates. Plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, hepatic mRNA abundances of L-Met cycle and transsulfuration (TS) enzymes, and L-MetInc were measured. Results During feed deprivation, L-Met kinetics did not differ between groups, and were ≤3 times higher in the fed state (P < 0.01). Remethylation (RM) was 31% and 45% higher in DLHMTBA than in DLMET and Control pigs, respectively, and the RM:transmethylation (TM) ratio was 50% higher in DLHMTBA than in LMET (P < 0.05). Furthermore, TS and the TS:TM ratio were 32% lower in DLHMTBA than in LMET (P < 0.05). L-MetInc was 42% lower in DLMET and DLHMTBA than in L-Met-deficient Control pigs, whereas plasma AA and hepatic mRNA abundances were similar among DL-HMTBA–, L-Met–, and DL-Met–supplemented pigs. Conclusions In piglets, DL-HMTBA compared with L-Met and DL-Met supplementation increases RM and reduces the TS rate to conserve L-Met, but all 3 Met isomers support growth at a comparable rate.

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Ullrich, Cristina, Marion Langeheine, Ralph Brehm, Venja Taube, Mercedes Rosillo Galera, Karl Rohn, Johanna Popp, and Christian Visscher. "Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2019): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110984.

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Sustainably produced poultry meat with consideration of animal health poses a challenge for broiler production. Low protein diets with high amounts of synthetic amino acids (AAs) like methionine (Met) are the consequence. In a five-week feeding trial, 360 broilers (Ross 308) assigned to four feeding groups were offered protein-reduced complete diets (starter: 20% crude protein (CP); grower: 18.5% CP; finisher: 17.5% CP), supplemented with essential AAs. The “MHA” group received DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA; trade name: MHA®), groups “L” and “DL” the respective Met source in equivalent concentrations each exceeding the nutritional recommendations. “R-MHA” (“R” for “reduced”) received the minimum required level (using MHA as Met source). Performance exceeded performance goals without differences between the groups. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) amounted to 1.35. The carcass/body weight ratio of R-MHA was significantly lower (0.782) compared to DL (0.808) and L (0.809). Breast meat of R-MHA contained significantly more fat (144 g/kg dry matter (DM)) compared to L (104 g/kg DM) and significantly lower CP content (R-MHA: 838 g/kg DM; L: 875 g/kg DM). The results indicated possible improvement in slaughter yield by protein-reduced diets supplemented with L-Met, thus recommending further research focusing on the Met influence.

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Dupuis, Liliane, C. Linda Saunderson, Antoine Puigserver, and Patrick Brachet. "Oxidation of methionine and 2-hydroxy 4-methylthiobutanoic acid stereoisomers in chicken tissues." British Journal of Nutrition 62, no. 1 (July 1989): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890008.

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Oxidation of dl-2-hydroxy 4-methylthiobutanoic acid (dl-HMB), dl-methionine (dl-MET) and l-methionine (l-MET) in chicken tissue homogenates was compared using 1-14C-labelled tracers. The pattern of oxidation of the substrates was similar at both low (0.7 mm) and high (20 mm) concentrations. The rate of conversion to 2-keto 4-methylthiobutanoic acid (KMB) was highest for dl-MET and lowest for l-MET in kidney, liver and intestinal mucosa. In breast muscle, rates for dl-MET and l-MET were similar at 0.7 mm, but dl-HMB showed the highest rate at 20 mm. Kidney contained the highest specific activity for oxidation of all three substrates. Raising the pH of liver and kidney homogenates from 7.5 to 8.6 increased the oxidation of dl-MET, exclusively. Experiments with inhibitors of D-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.6) and L-2-hydroxy acid oxidase (EC 1.1.3.15) suggested that d- and l-HMB were stereospecifically oxidized by the enzymes. KMB stimulated l-MET oxidation in kidney yet inhibited l-MET oxidation in liver homogenates. The effect of KMB on dl-MET and dl-HMB oxidation also varied between tissues. Amino-oxyacetate inhibited l-MET oxidation completely and dl-MET and dl-HMB oxidation almost completely in both kidney and liver. L-Cycloserine was less potent than amino-oxyacetate and decreased l-MET oxidation more in kidney than in liver. It can be calculated from the results that, at low substrate concentrations, the liver contributes principally to the whole body oxidation of both dl-HMB and dl-MET. At high (greater than physiological) concentrations, dl-HMB would be oxidized principally in skeletal muscle. At all concentrations, l-MET would be converted to KMB mainly in the muscle.

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Selimović, Enisa, Biljana Petrović, Dragan Čcanović, Živadin D. Bugarčić, and Jovana Bogojeski. "Kinetic Studies on the Reactions of [(TLtBu)PtCl]+ and [Pt(tpdm)Cl]+ Complexes with Some Thiols and Thioethers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 5 (2013): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12218.

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Substitution reactions of the complexes [(TLtBu)PtCl]+ and [Pt(tpdm)Cl]+, where TLtBu = 2,6-bis[(1,3-di-tert-butylimidazolin-2-imino)methyl]pyridine and tpdm = terpyridinedimethane, with nucleophiles: S-methyl-L-cysteine (S-Met-L-Cys), L-cysteine (L-Cys), glutathione (GSH) and L-methionine (L-Met) were studied in aqueous 0.1 M NaClO4 solution in the presence of 10 mM NaCl using variable-temperature UV-vis spectrophotometry. The higher reactivity of the complex with the tpdm ligand could be attributed to the influence of the bulkiness of the tert-butyl-groups from the [(TLtBu)PtCl]+ complex. The order of reactivity of the studied ligands is: S-Met-L-Cys > L-Met > GSH > L-Cys. The thioethers (S-Met-L-Cys and L-Met) are more reactive than the thiols (GSH and L-Cys). This order of reactivity is in relation with their electron properties and structures. The negative values reported for the entropy of activation confirmed the associative mode.

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Storch, K. J., D. A. Wagner, J. F. Burke, and V. R. Young. "[1-13C; methyl-2H3]methionine kinetics in humans: methionine conservation and cystine sparing." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 258, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): E790—E798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.5.e790.

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Methionine (Met) conservation in healthy young adult men (4/diet group) was explored by supplying one of the following three L-amino acid based diets: 1) adequate Met but no cystine; 2) neither Met nor cystine; or 3) no Met but cystine supplementation. After 5 days, subjects received a continuous intravenous infusion of L-[1-13C; methyl-2H3]Met for 5 h while the diet was given as small isocaloric isonitrogenous meals. Estimates were made of rates of Met incorporation into protein synthesis (S) and release from body proteins (B), transmethylation (TM), remethylation of homocysteine (RM), and transsulfuration (TS). For the adequate Met diet, the rates were S = 24 +/- 2, B = 18 +/- 1, TM = 12.4 +/- 1.7, RM = 4.7 +/- 1.1, and TS = 7.6 +/- 0.6 (SE) mumol.kg-1.h-1. The sulfur amino acid-devoid diet significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced S, TM, RM, and TS. Supplementation of this diet with cystine reduced Met oxidation (P = 0.05). Therefore, two loci are quantitatively important regulatory points in Met conservation in vivo: 1) the distribution of Met between the pathways of protein anabolism and TM (Met locus) and 2) the distribution of homocysteine between RM and TS (homocysteine locus).

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Skvortsova, T. Yu, Zh I. Savintceva, D. V. Zakhs, R. V. Tyurin, A. F. Gurchin, A. I. Kholyavin, and T. N. Trofimova. "Comparison of amino acid radiotracers L-[methyl-¹¹ C]methionine and О-2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine for PET/CT imaging of cerebral gliomas." Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy 12, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2079-5343-2021-12-1-49-58.

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Introduction. The radiotracer L-[methyl-11C]methionine (Met) has long been considered the tracer of choice in CNS tumors diagnosis using positron emission tomography, combined with computed tomography (PET/CT). However, there are more and more logistic arguments for the introduction of fluorinated amino acids into diagnostics, in particular, O-2-[18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET), for which our institute has developed its own method of radiochemical synthesis. The aim of the study was to compare amino acid radiotracers L-[methyl-11C]methionine (Met) and O-2-[18F]fluoroethyl-L-tyrosine (FET) in the imaging of cerebral gliomasusing PET/CT. Materials and methods. PET/CT studies using Met and FET were performed in 36 patients (15 men and 21 women) aged 28 to 73 years with suspected intracerebral tumor before surgery of biopsy. Pathohistologicalstudy verified gliomas(n-31) or other tumors (n=3), inflammatory process (n=2). The analysis of results included visual comparison of images, calculation of the tumor-to-brainratio (TBR) and metabolic tumor volume for Met and PET. Results. Visual and quantitative analysis of the scans revealed that tumor uptake pattern of FET was similar to those of Met. No significant differences were found in the TBR of both radiotracers in tumors of different grades of malignancy. A strong significant correlation (r=0,9) was revealed between the TBR of Met and FET in gliomas. There were no significant differences between tumor metabolic volumes when using the same cutoff values for both radiotracers. The ROC analysis established the same diagnostic value of Met and FET in differentiating low and high grade gliomas (area under curve 0,884 and 0,881, respectively). Conclusion. Amino acid radiotracers provide comparable diagnostic information in preoperative imaging of gliomas using PET/CT, which makes it possible to recommend FET as an adequate alternative to Met for PET centers without on-site cyclotron.

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Tufarelli, Vincenzo, Hooman Mehrzad-Gilmalek, Mehrdad Bouyeh, Ali Qotbi, Hossein Amouei, Alireza Seidavi, Erwin Paz, and Vito Laudadio. "Effect of Different Levels of L-carnitine and Excess Lysine-Methionine on Broiler Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Blood Constituents, Immunity and Triiodothyronine Hormone." Agriculture 10, no. 4 (April 24, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10040138.

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The influence of dietary L-carnitine and lysine (Lys)-methionine (Met) levels on productive performance, haematology and triiodothyronine hormone levels of broilers was investigated. Dietary treatments included different L-carnitine (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and Lys-Met (0%, 10% and 20% over National Research Council (NRC) (1994) recommendation levels), under a 3 × 3 factorial design arrangement. From the findings, the body weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by dietary treatments in the different growing stages. Conversely, carcass yield and organs did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, whereas meat-cuts varied significantly when broilers were fed experimental diets. Moreover, the dietary inclusion of the highest levels of amino-acids (L-carnitine (100 mg/kg) and Lys-Met (+20%)) produced a reduction (p < 0.05) of blood uric acid, also leading to the highest triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the combination of extra levels of L-carnitine associated with Lys-Met positively influenced the performance traits in broiler chickens.

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Jeon, Seung-Woo, Jay Ronel Conejos, Jungeun Kim, Min-Jeong Kim, Jeong-Eun Lee, Baek-Seok Lee, Jin-Seung Park, Jun-Ok Moon, Jae-Sung Lee, and Hong-Gu Lee. "Supplementing conjugated and non-conjugated L-methionine and acetate alters expression patterns of CSN2, proteins and metabolites related to protein synthesis in bovine mammary cells." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 1 (February 2020): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029919000979.

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AbstractThe experiments reported in this research paper aimed to determine the effect of supplementing different forms of L-methionine (L-Met) and acetate on protein synthesis in immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells). Treatments were Control, L-Met, conjugated L-Met and acetate (CMA), and non-conjugated L-Met and Acetate (NMA). Protein synthesis mechanism was determined by omics method. NMA group had the highest protein content in the media and CSN2 mRNA expression levels (P < 0.05). The number of upregulated and downregulated proteins observed were 39 and 77 in L-Met group, 62 and 80 in CMA group and 50 and 81 in NMA group from 448 proteins, respectively (P < 0.05). L-Met, NMA and CMA treatments stimulated pathways related to protein and energy metabolism (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis also revealed that L-Met, CMA and NMA treatments resulted in increases of several metabolites (P < 0.05). In conclusion, NMA treatment increased protein concentration and expression level of CSN2 mRNA in MAC-T cells compared to control as well as L-Met and CMA treatments through increased expression of milk protein synthesis-related genes and production of the proteins and metabolites involved in energy and protein synthesis pathways.

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Ju, Chuanli, Dongdong Kong, Yuree Lee, Gege Ge, Yanan Song, Jiawen Liu, and June M. Kwak. "Methionine synthase 1 provides methionine for activation of the GLR3.5 Ca2+ channel and regulation of germination in Arabidopsis." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz431.

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Abstract Seed germination is a developmental process regulated by numerous internal and external cues. Our previous studies have shown that calcium influx mediated by the Arabidopsis glutamate receptor homolog 3.5 (AtGLR3.5) modulates the expression of the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4) transcription factor during germination and that L-methionine (L-Met) activates AtGLR3.1/3.5 Ca2+ channels in guard cells. However, it is not known whether L-Met participates in regulation of germination and what cellular mechanism is responsible for Met production during germination. Here, we describe Arabidopsis methionine synthase 1 (AtMS1), which acts in the final step of Met biosynthesis, synthesizes the Met required for the activation of AtGLR3.5 Ca2+ channels whose expression is up-regulated during germination, leading to the regulation of seed germination. We show that exogenous L-Met promotes germination in an AtGRL3.5-dependent manner. We also demonstrate that L-Met directly regulates the AtGLR3.5-mediated increase in cytosolic Ca2+ level in seedlings. We provide pharmacological and genetic evidence that Met synthesized via AtMS1 acts upstream of the AtGLR3.5-mediated Ca2+ signal and regulates the expression of ABI4, a major regulator in the abscisic acid response in seeds. Overall, our results link AtMS1, L-Met, the AtGLR3.5 Ca2+ channel, Ca2+ signals, and ABI4, and shed light on the physiological role and molecular mechanism of L-Met in germination.

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Liu, Y., L. Liu, H. Shi, J. G. Greger, K. D. Jackson, P. Marty-Ethgen, T. M. Gilmer, and A. Martin. "cMET expression in HER2+ MBC patients with first-line lapatinib (L) treatment." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.1073.

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1073 Background: Overexpression of MET correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer (Garcia et al., 2007) and is a factor associated with decreased sensitivity to L in HER2+ breast tumor cell lines in vitro (Liu et al., submitted). To test whether MET expression was associated with resistance to L in the clinic we evaluated baseline tumor MET expression levels and clinical outcome to L in 64 patients who participated in the EGF20009 trial of monotherapy L as first-line treatment in HER2+ advanced or MBC. Methods: RNA was extracted from FFPE tumors and MET and HER-2 gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR (Response Genetics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA). The correlation between expression levels of MET, HER2, and clinical outcome (overall response and progression free survival) was performed using JMP software. Results: A trend towards an association with increased MET expression and decreased response (p < 0.054) was observed.. Patients with high HER2 and low MET gene expression had the longest PFS (median difference = ∼9 weeks) compared to patients with low HER2 and high MET gene expression (p < 0.0038). Conclusions: These data support investigating a combination study of L and GSK1363089, a multi-kinase MET inhibitor, in HER2+ BC patients with high MET gene expression. [Table: see text]

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Chen, Qiong, Feng-Qi Zhao, Yifei Ren, Jialiang Han, Jianxin Liu, Yang Li, and Hongyun Liu. "Parenterally Delivered Methionyl-Methionine Dipeptide During Pregnancy Enhances Mammogenesis and Lactation Performance Over Free Methionine by Activating PI3K-AKT Signaling in Methionine-Deficient Mice." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 5 (January 31, 2020): 1186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa005.

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ABSTRACT Background Pregnancy-induced hypoaminoacidemia, l-methionine (Met) included, disturbs embryogenesis and may also affect breast function. Supplementation with the dipeptide l-methionyl-Met (Met-Met) may improve lactation performance. Objective We compared the effects of supplemental Met or Met-Met during pregnancy on mammogenesis and lactogenesis and investigated underlying mechanisms. Methods In experiment 1, 9-wk-old ICR mice (n = 72, ∼30 g) were divided into 3 groups. During the first 17 days of pregnancy (DP), the Control group was fed a diet with Met (8.2 g/kg) and saline was intraperitoneally injected, the Met group was fed a Met-devoid diet and 35% of the Met (92-mmo l Met) as contained in the Control diet was intraperitoneally injected, and the Met-Met group was fed the same diet and 70-mmo l Met plus 11-mmo l Met-Met was intraperitoneally injected. All animals were fed the Control diet after DP17 and during lactation. Mammogenesis, lactogenesis, transcriptome at DP17, and milk performance during lactation were examined. In experiment 2, 9-wk-old ICR mice (n = 55, ∼30 g) at DP0 were injected through the teat with adeno-associated virus for overexpression/inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (Pik3r1), divided into the Control, Met, and Met-Met groups and received the same treatment as experiment 1 to examine mammogenesis and lactogenesis at DP17. Results In experiment 1, compared with the Met group, the Met-Met group showed higher (P < 0.05) mammary epithelium percentage (42%) and αS1-casein expression (84%) at DP17, milk yield (34%) and energy concentrations (8.7%) during lactation; transcriptomic analysis illustrated activated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in the mammary glands of the Met-Met group (P-adj < 0.001). In experiment 2, overexpression of Pik3r1 enhanced (P < 0.05) the protective effect of Met-Met over Met on mammogenesis and β-casein expression. Conclusion Met-Met is more effective than Met in promoting mammogenesis and lactogenesis mainly by activation of PI3K-AKT signaling in Met-deficient mice.

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Cavicchioni, Giorgio, Anna Fraulini, Sofia Falzarano, and Susanna Spisani. "Structure–activity relationship of for-l-Met l-Leu-l-Phe-OMe analogues in human neutrophils." Bioorganic Chemistry 34, no. 5 (October 2006): 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2006.07.001.

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DUGAS, H., M. LAROCHE, M. PTAK, and H. LABBÉ. "Synthesis, biological activity, conformational analysis by NMR and molecular modeling of N-formyl-L-Met-L-Pro-L-Phe-OMe, a praline analogue of the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-Met-L-Leu-L-Phe-OH." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 41, no. 6 (January 12, 2009): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1993.tb00482.x.

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BARDI, R., A. M. PIAZZESI, C. TONIOLO, P. ANTONY RAJ, S. RAGHOTHAMA, and P. BALARAM. "Solid state and solution conformation of Boc-L-Met-Aib-L-Phe-OMe." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 27, no. 3 (January 12, 2009): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1986.tb01815.x.

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Yang, Zhongyue, Md Shamimul Hasan, John K. Htoo, Derris D. Burnett, Jean M. Feugang, Mark A. Crenshaw, and Shengfa F. Liao. "Effects of dietary supplementation of l-methionine vs. dl-methionine on performance, plasma concentrations of free amino acids and other metabolites, and myogenesis gene expression in young growing pigs." Translational Animal Science 3, no. 1 (September 27, 2018): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy109.

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Abstract Methionine (Met), the second or third limiting amino acid (AA) in typical swine diets, plays important roles in promoting swine health and growth, especially, muscle growth. Whereas dl-Met products have been used in swine industry for many years, l-Met products have been developed recently. This research was conducted to study the effects of supplemental l-Met or dl-Met on nutrient metabolism, muscle gene expression, and growth performance of pigs. Twenty crossbred young barrows (initial body weight [BW] 21.2 ± 2.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 20 individual pens and two dietary treatments according to a completely randomized design with pigs serving as the experiment unit (n = 10). Two corn and soybean meal-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were formulated to meet or exceed the recommended requirements for energy, AA, and other nutrients (NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th ed. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; AMINODat 5.0). Crystalline l-Met and dl-Met were supplemented to diets 1 and 2 (both at 0.13%, as-fed basis), respectively. After 4 wk of an ad libitum feeding trial, BW and feed intake were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analyses of plasma AA and metabolite concentrations. The longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for analysis of myogenesis gene expression. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test. There were no differences (P = 0.56 to 0.94) in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed the two experimental diets and no differences between diets were observed in plasma free AA concentrations. No differences were observed between pigs fed the two diets in expression of mRNA for eight myogenesis-related genes, which were myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, myogenic factors 5, muscle regulatory factor 4 (a.k.a. myogenic factors 6), and myocyte enhancer factors 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D. In conclusion, results of this experiment indicate that the bioefficacy of l-Met is not different from that of dl-Met, which is likely because of an efficient conversion of d-Met to l-Met by pigs.

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Htoo, John K., John Mathai, Laia Blavi, Yanhong Liu, Caroline González-Vega, and Hans H. Stein. "210 Effects of D-methionine compared with L-methionine on N retention, gut morphology and antioxidant status of weaned pigs." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.130.

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Abstract A N-balance study was conducted to compare the effect of D-methionine (D-Met) or L-methionine (L-Met) supplementation on N balance, gut morphology and antioxidant status of weaned pigs. Fifty-six weaned barrows (10.5 ± 1.2 kg initial BW) were allotted to 7 diets in 2 blocks. A Met-deficient basal diet (BD; 0.24% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Met) but adequate in other AA, was supplemented with 3 graded levels (0.036, 0.072, and 0.108%) of D-Met or L-Met. After a 7-d adaptation, feces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 d to determine N balance. At the completion of the experiment, blood samples were collected from all pigs. Pigs fed the BD and pigs fed the highest level of SID Met (0.34%) of both Met sources were euthanized and tissue samples from liver, kidney, muscle (longissimus dorsi), duodenal and jejunal mucosa were collected. N retention as % of N intake increased (P < 0.001; 67, 72, 73, 74, 71, 74, 74%, respectively) by graded supplemental level of D-Met or L-Met. However, there was no interaction between Met source and supplemental level for all N-balance metrics. Using a slope-ratio regression, the bioavailability of D-Met relative to L-Met was 100.1% (95% confidence intervals: 85-116%) based on N retention (% of N intake). Villus height and crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum were not affected by Met sources. Pigs fed the D-Met diet had a greater (P < 0.05) total glutathione concentration in liver (4.9 vs. 1.5 µM) vs. BD. However, total antioxidant capacity and concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in liver, muscle or plasma samples were not different among treatments. Supplementation with D-Met increased glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney (878 vs. 413 and 229 mU/mL; P < 0.05) compared with BD or L-Met diet, however, activity of glutathione reductase in liver and kidney were not affected by treatments. These data indicate that D-Met and L-Met are equally efficient to support N retention, intestinal morphology and oxidative status in weaned pigs.

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Zhan, X. A., H. F. Wang, D. Yuan, Y. X. Wang, and F. Zhu. "Comparison of different forms of dietary selenium supplementation on gene expression of cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase, selenoprotein P, and selenoprotein W in broilers ." Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 12 (November 27, 2014): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7797-cjas.

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Effects of different forms of dietary selenium (Se) supplementation on gene expression of cytoplasmic thioredoxin reductase (TrxR1), selenoprotein P (SelP), and selenoprotein W (SelW) in broilers were investigated. A total of six hundred Ross 308 broilers (1-day-old) with similar body weight were randomly divided into three groups, each of which included 5 replicates of 40 birds. These three treatments received the same basal diet with only background Se level of 0.04 mg Se/kg, supplemented with 0.15 mg Se/kg as sodium selenite (SS) or l-selenomethionine (l-Se-Met) or d-selenomethionine (d-Se-Met) for 42 days. The SS supplemented diet increased TrxR1 activity in liver (P < 0.01) and kidney (P < 0.01) as well as SelP concentration in serum (P < 0.05) and liver (P < 0.01) more than the d-Se-Met supplemented diet. The addition of SS also highly increased liver (P < 0.01) and kidney (P < 0.01) TrxR1 activities of broilers in comparison with broilers fed l-Se-Met diet. In addition, liver TrxR1 activity in l-Se-Met group was higher than that in d-Se-Met group (P < 0.05). Liver and kidney mRNA levels of TrxR1 and SelP as well as breast muscle SelW mRNA level were significantly increased by l- and d-Se-Met supplementation in comparison with SS supplementation (P < 0.01), while the d-Se-Met group showed more effective (P < 0.01) than the l-Se-Met group in increasing the mRNA levels of TrxR1 and SelP in liver and kidney. Therefore, dietary l-Se-Met and d-Se-Met supplementation could improve mRNA levels of different selenoproteins studied and reduce amounts of TrxR1 and SelP in broilers compared with SS. Besides, l-Se-Met is more effective than d-Se-Met in raising TrxR1 activity and decreasing mRNA abundance of TrxR1 and SelP in broilers.  

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Martín-Venegas, Raquel, M. José Rodríguez-Lagunas, Yves Mercier, Pierre-André Geraert, and Ruth Ferrer. "Effect of pH on l- and d-methionine uptake across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 296, no. 3 (March 2009): C632—C638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00478.2008.

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The transport systems involved in intestinal methionine (Met) absorption are described as Na+-dependent and Na+-independent mechanisms. However, since recent studies have suggested the importance of the H+ gradient as a driving force for intestinal nutrient absorption, the aim of the present work was to test whether Met transport across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells is affected by extracellular pH. The results show that l- and d-Met uptake was increased by lowering extracellular pH from 7.4 to 5.5, in both the presence and absence of Na+. Cis-inhibition experiments revealed that inhibition of l-Met transport by 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) or l-lysine (l-Lys) was higher at a pH of 5.5. Moreover, the BCH-insensitive component was not affected by pH, whereas the l-Lys-insensitive component was increased by lowering extracellular pH, thus suggesting the participation of system L. The contribution of another mechanism, sensitive to both BCH and l-Lys, was also considered. The inhibition obtained with taurine (Tau) was also higher at a pH of 5.5, thus suggesting the involvement of system B0,+ on pH-stimulated component. As for d-Met uptake, the results showed higher inhibition with l-Lys and Tau at a pH of 5.5 and no effect on the l-Lys- or Tau-insensitive component. In conclusion, Met transport across the apical membrane of Caco-2 cells is increased by low extracellular pH as the result of the stimulation of two transport systems functionally identified with systems L and B0,+ for l-Met and with system B0,+ for d-Met.

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Vicens, Margarita, Amparo Caubet, and Virtudes Moreno. "Interaction of Pd(II) and Pt(II) Amino Acid Complexes With Dinucleotides." Metal-Based Drugs 4, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mbd.1997.43.

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The interaction of the dinucleotides d(ApG) and d(ApA) with [Pd(aa)Cl2], where aa = L- or D-histidine or the methyl ester of L-histidine, and with [Pt(Met)Cl2], where Met = L-methionine was studied by H1 and C13 NMR and CD measurements. In the case of the L-histidine and L-histidineOMe, the reaction with d(ApG) appeared to give the bifunctional adducts Pd(L-Histidine)N1(1)N7(2) and Pd(L-HisOMe)N1(1)N7(2), but the behavior with D-histidine suggested the formation of the monofunctional adduct Pd(D-His)N7(2). The reaction of L-histidine with d(ApA) seemed to form the bimetallic adduct (L-His)PdN7(1)N7(2)Pd(L-His). The Pt(II)-L-methionine complex in both reactions with d(ApG) and d(ApA) seemed to yield mainly adducts Pt(L-Met)N7(1)N7(2) but the existence of adducts Pt(L-Met)N1(1)N7(2) cannot be ruled out.

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Jacob, R. H., M. F. D'Antuono, G. M. Smith, D. W. Pethick, and R. D. Warner. "Effect of lamb age and electrical stimulation on the colour stability of fresh lamb meat." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 4 (2007): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06126.

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The aim of this experiment was to compare the effects of electrical stimulation and lamb age on the retail colour stability of lamb meat. Poll Dorset Merino crossbred lambs that were 5 months (‘suckers’, SU) and 12 months (‘carryovers’, CO) finished on the same green annual pasture were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Half of the carcasses in each age group (10) were either electrically stimulated (ES) or not stimulated (NES) post-dressing with a commercial high voltage electrical stimulation system. Luminescence (L), hue angle (indication of redness), chroma (intensity), and oxy/met (a measure of browning) values were measured at 0 h (0 days), 21 h (0.86 days), 93 h (3.88 days), and 166 h (6.91 days) after meat had been cut 1 day after slaughter, over wrapped, and put under simulated retail display conditions. Three muscles, m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL), m. gluteus medias (GM), and m. rectus femoris (RF), were measured in this way. A linear mixed model was used to fit a repeated-measurements model to the light measurements of L, hue angle, chroma, and oxy/met. Oxy/met rate of change was compared by fitting splines to predict the time required for oxy/met to reach an arbitrary benchmark value of 3. Colour and rate of colour change during display were affected by both age class and electrical stimulation but these effects depended on the muscle. The LL was the darkest (lowest L) and reddest (lowest hue angle), whilst RF was the most stable in colour (lowest rate of change for oxy/met) of the 3 muscles tested. Age class had a greater effect on oxy/met rate of change for the LL and GM compared with RF. Oxy/met of LL changed more rapidly for CO than SU lambs. ES increased the time for oxy/met to reach 3 in RF and GM for SU only but did so for both age groups in LL. ES decreased this time in RF and GM for CO. CO meat contained a higher concentration of myoglobin than SU meat. Negative effects of electrical stimulation on colour stability are more likely to occur in older lambs and in the GM and RF rather than in the LL.

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Chung, T. K., and D. H. Baker. "Utilization of methionine isomers and analogs by the pig." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 72, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas92-024.

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A total of 72 pigs averaging 9.6 ± 1.4 kg were used to evaluate the efficacy of supplemental L-methionine (Met), D-Met, DL-Met and DL-methionine hydroxy analog free acid (DL-HMB) when added to a Met-deficient feather meal-corn-soybean meal-dried whey diet. Growth performance was similar for all diets containing isomolar levels of Met isomers and analogs, and the pigs utilized L-Met, D-Met, DL-Met and DL-HMB with the same molar efficiency. Key words: Pigs, methionine isomers and analogs, growth performance

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Mahalingam, Devalingam, Hanni Salih, Christos Fountzilas, Joel Michalek, John Sarantopoulos, Paromita Datta, Ofelia Romero, et al. "Metformin to treat prostate cancer (PCa) and prevent metabolic syndrome associated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT): Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of metformin in non-diabetic men initiating ADT for advanced PCa." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e16502-e16502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e16502.

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e16502 Background: ADT results in metabolic syndrome, characterized by hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and obesity. The hyperinsulinemia may result in ADT resistance; therefore preventing metabolic syndrome could have a therapeutic impact on PCa. In diabetes, metformin (MET) decreases glucose & insulin by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. There is preclinical evidence for additional antineoplastic activity due to mTOR inhibition secondary to AMPK activation. Methods: Men with biochemical relapse or advanced PCa due to receive ADT were randomized 1:1 in a double blind manner to MET (500mg TID) or placebo (P). Subjects required normal oral glucose tolerance test at baseline, with fasting serum insulin/glucose, PSA, MET, weight and waist circumference (WC) monitored at baseline, week 12 and 28. The primary endpoint of study was the metabolic consequences of MET vs P. Secondary endpoints were PSA response and PBMC analysis of downstream target of mTOR, phospho-S6 kinase. Results: 36 men were randomized to MET or P, mean age 68.4; biochemical failure (n = 15) & metastatic disease (n = 21). Mean weight, WC and insulin at baseline in MET cohort was 187 lbs, 41.14 cm and 10.03 mIU/L respectively, and 177.65 lbs, 40.52 cm and 8.02 mIU/L in P cohort. An increase in mean weight, WC and insulin levels was seen in both cohorts. At wk 12 and 28, no statistical difference in weight, WC and insulin was observe in either cohort. 4 men randomized to MET had undetectable serum drug levels despite drug-diary suggesting compliance; excluding them did not result in significant metabolic change. Assessing efficacy, 50% in MET and 53.3% in P cohort achieved undetectable PSA at wk 28; difference not statistically significant. PBMC analysis demonstrated variable down-regulation of phospho-S6 kinase in the metformin cohort. Conclusions: This study detected no impact of MET addition to ADT on the risk of metabolic syndrome and no additional anti-tumor effects. Control of hyperinsulinemia related to diabetes by MET does not necessarily imply MET has a similar action on hyperinsulinemia due to ADT. Clinical trial information: NCT02620423.

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Deng, Qi Hui, and Ai Nong Yu. "Influence of pH on the Antioxidative Activity of Maillard Reaction Products Generation from Model Reaction of L-Ascorbic Acid and L-Lysine/L-Methionine." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.397.

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Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were prepared by heating the solution containing L-ascorbic acid (ASA)and L-lysine (Lys)/ L-methionine (Met) adjusted to various pHs (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) at 140±2°C for 2 h. The browning, intermediate products, reducing power and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity reached a maximum with initial pH 5.0 (P < 0.05). Thereafter, slightly differences with initial pH of 7.0 and 8.0 were found. An increase in Ferrous ion chelating activity of MRPs derived from ASA-Lys/ Met model systems, as measured by absorbance at 562 nm, was observed as the initial pH increased (P < 0.05). In general , antioxidative activity of ASA-Lys/ Met MRPs was coincidental with the browning development and the formation of intermediate products.

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Gao, Sheng-Li. "Thermodynamics of the coordination compound Zn(Met)(NO3)2·1/2H2O(s) (Met = l-α-methionine)." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 110, no. 2 (September 8, 2011): 937–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1828-7.

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Caetano, Raphael P., Luan S. Santos, John K. Htoo, Alini M. Veira, Welex C. Silva, Jaqueline P. Gobi, Alicia Z. Fraga, Paulo H. R. F. Campos, Nei A. A. Barbosa, and Luciano Hauschild. "119 Bioavailability of L-Methionine in comparison to DL-Methionine for nitrogen retention of weaned and growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.122.

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Abstract Two nitrogen (N) balance studies were conducted to compare the relative bioavailability (RBV) of L-Met with DL-Met as Met sources in young pigs. In each experiment, 42 barrows (PIC; initial BW in Exp. 1: 10.7 kg and Exp. 2: 20.5 kg) were allotted to 7 experimental diets with 6 pigs per treatment. The basal diets (diet 1) were formulated based on corn and soybean meal being deficient in Met, but adequate for the other AA (Exp. 1: 0.24% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Met; 0.53% SID Met + Cys; 1.30% SID Lys; Exp 2: 0.23% SID Met; 0.47% SID Met + Cys; 1.15% SID Lys). Three graded levels of DL-Met and L-Met (0.03, 0.06 and 0.09%) were supplemented to the basal diet on top to create diets 2 to 7 for both studies. In Exp.1, N retention (% of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with supplementation with both Met sources. The slope-ratio regression estimated the RBV of 106% [95% confidence interval (CI): 39 to 173%] for N retention (% of absorbed) on an equi-molar basis. In Exp. 2, N retained (g/d), N retention (% of N intake and % of N absorbed) increased linearly (P < 0.05) by supplementing with both Met sources. There was no effect of Met sources on all N balance parameters in both studies. The slope-ratio estimated the RBV of 89% (95% CI: -28 to 206%) for N retained (g/d), 95% (95% CI: 13 to 177%) for N retention (% of N intake) and 94% (95% CI: 20 to 167%) for N retention (% of N absorbed), respectively on an equi-molar basis. In conclusion, the 95% CI for the RBV of L-Met covers 100%, indicating the RBV of L-Met is not different from that of DL-Met as a Met source for weaned and growing pigs.

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Jacinto-Hernández, Carmen, Guillermo Carrillo-Castañeda, and Albino Campos-Escuerdo. "Caracterización de cuatro variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) por sus cualidades físicas y nutricionales. I. Aspectos metodológicos." Agronomía Mesoamericana 7, no. 2 (June 2, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v7i2.24756.

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Seeds of four bean varieties: BAT 104, Bayo Río Grande, Canario 107 and Jamapa were studied with the objective of characterize them by the analysis of protein content, L-tryptophan (L-trp) and available L-methionine (L-met) as well as technological qualities. Preliminar tests on the L-met and L-trp content were performed in soluble protein in aqueous extracts of NaCl, acetic acid and ethanol using microbiological and spectrometrical methods. Bayo Río Grande with the longest cooking time (98 minutes) showedthe largest proportion of coat weight (11.4); Bayo Río Grande, BAT 104 and Jamapa showed small seed size. BAT 104 was the variety in which the highest total protein content was found (27.3 %) while Bayo Río Grande had the lowest (23.3 %). The average content of both aminoacids from the four varieties was higher in the saline extracts (43 % L-met and 92 % L-trp). Therefore, the subsequent analysis were only performed on the saline extracts of the materials. The cultivars Bayo Río Grande and Canario 107 showed the highest amount of L-met and L-trp respectively.

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Mendham, Andrew P., Brian S. Potter, Rex A. Palmer, Trevor J. Dines, John C. Mitchell, Robert Withnall, and Babur Z. Chowdhry. "Vibrational spectra and crystal structure of the di-amino acid peptide cyclo(L -Met-L -Met): comparison of experimental data and DFT calculations." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 41, no. 2 (October 6, 2009): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.2426.

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Stansfield, S. C., and F. J. Cunningham. "Modulation by endogenous opioid peptides of the secretion of LHRH from cockerel (Gallus domesticus) mediobasal hypothalamic tissue." Journal of Endocrinology 114, no. 1 (July 1987): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1140103.

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ABSTRACT An in-vitro superfusion system was used to study the effects of the endogenous opioid peptides [Met]-enkephalin (and its long-lasting analogue [d-Ala2, Met]-enkephalinamide), [Leu]-enkephalin and β-endorphin and of the opiate antagonist naloxone, on the secretion of LHRH from the mediobasal hypothalamus of the cockerel. The effects of the compounds on both basal release of LHRH and on release stimulated by a depolarizing pulse of increased extra-cellular potassium ion (64 mmol/l) were investigated. None of the endogenous opioid peptides altered basal release of LHRH; however, both [Met]-enkephalin (10 μmol/l) and [d-Ala2,Met]-enkephalinamide (1 μmol/l) significantly (P<0·05) reduced the response to depolarization. Neither [Leu]-enkephalin nor β-endorphin (0·1–10 μmol/l) were effective. Naloxone (1 μmol/l) administered alone significantly (P<0·05) increased basal release of LHRH and abolished the inhibitory effects of [Met]-enkephalin and [d-Ala2,Met]-enkephalinamide on depolarization-induced release. These results suggest that the endogenous opioid peptides exert a tonic inhibitory influence on LHRH secretion by the mediobasal hypothalamus of the cockerel. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 103–110

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Grider, J. R. "Interplay of somatostatin, opioid, and GABA neurons in the regulation of the peristaltic reflex." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 267, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): G696—G701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1994.267.4.g696.

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The interplay of somatostatin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and opioid neurons in the regulation of the descending relaxation phase of peristalsis was examined in isolated rat colonic segments. Release of somatostatin, GABA, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and L-[3H]citrulline [coproduct and index of nitric oxide (NO) production] increased, and release of Met-enkephalin decreased, during descending relaxation. Somatostatin antiserum (1:50) inhibited GABA and L-[3H]citrulline and reversed Met-enkephalin from decrease below to increase above basal level; exogenous somatostatin had the opposite effect. Bicuculline (GABAA antagonist) inhibited L-[3H]citrulline, had no effect on somatostatin, and reversed Met-enkephalin from decrease below to increase above basal level; exogenous GABA had the opposite effect. Naloxone increased GABA and L-[3H]citrulline but had no effect on somatostatin; exogenous Met-enkephalin had the opposite effect. In all instances the changes in L-[3H]citrulline paralleled those previously obtained with VIP. The results are consistent with the operation of a circuit in which somatostatin neurons inhibit the activity of opioid neurons, causing a decrease in Met-enkephalin. The decrease in Met-enkephalin initiated by somatostatin is accentuated by a reciprocal inhibitory pathway linking GABA and opioid neurons. The decrease in Met-enkephalin eliminates the inhibitory influence of opioid neurons on VIP/NO neurons and leads to increase in VIP, NO, and descending relaxation.

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Zhang, Xiuzhen, Dan Xu, Ping Xu, Shufen Yang, Qingmei Zhang, Yan Wu, and Fengyi Yuan. "Metformin improves glycemic variability in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an open-label randomized control trial." Endocrine Connections 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1045–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-21-0146.

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Introduction Metformin has been demonstrated to enhance cardioprotective benefits in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Although glycemic variability (GV) is associated with increased risk of CVD in diabetes, there is a scarcity of research evaluating the effect of metformin on GV in T1DM. Objectives In the present study, the effects of adjuvant metformin therapy on GV and metabolic control in T1DM were explored. Patients and methods A total of 65 adults with T1DM were enrolled and subjected to physical examination, fasting laboratory tests, and continuous glucose monitoring, and subsequently randomized 1:1 to 3 months of 1000–2000 mg metformin daily add-on insulin (MET group, n = 34) or insulin (non-MET group, n = 31). After, baseline measurements were repeated. Results The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions was substantially reduced in MET group, compared with non-MET group (–1.58 (–3.35, 0.31) mmol/L vs 1.36 (–1.12, 2.24) mmol/L, P = 0.004). In parallel, the largest amplitude of glycemic excursions (–2.83 (–5.47, –0.06) mmol/L vs 0.45 (–1.29, 4.48) mmol/L, P = 0.004), the s.d. of blood glucose (–0.85 (–1.51, 0.01) mmol/L vs –0.14 (–0.68, 1.21) mmol/L, P = 0.015), and the coefficient of variation (–6.66 (–15.00, 1.50)% vs –1.60 (–6.28, 11.71)%, P = 0.012) all demonstrated improvement in the MET group, compared with the non-MET group. Significant reduction in insulin dose, BMI, and body weight was observed in patients in MET, not those in non-MET group. Conclusion Additional metformin therapy improved GV in adults with T1DM, as well as improving body composition and reducing insulin requirement. Hence, metformin as an adjunctive therapy has potential prospects in reducing the CVD risk in patients with T1DM in the long term.

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Shi, Tengrui, Jianxi Song, Guanying You, Yujie Yang, Qiong Liu, and Nan Li. "The Function of Selenium in Central Nervous System: Lessons from MsrB1 Knockout Mouse Models." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051372.

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MsrB1 used to be named selenoprotein R, for it was first identified as a selenocysteine containing protein by searching for the selenocysteine insert sequence (SECIS) in the human genome. Later, it was found that MsrB1 is homologous to PilB in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which is a methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr), specifically reducing L-methionine sulfoxide (L-Met-O) in proteins. In humans and mice, four members constitute the Msr family, which are MsrA, MsrB1, MsrB2, and MsrB3. MsrA can reduce free or protein-containing L-Met-O (S), whereas MsrBs can only function on the L-Met-O (R) epimer in proteins. Though there are isomerases existent that could transfer L-Met-O (S) to L-Met-O (R) and vice-versa, the loss of Msr individually results in different phenotypes in mice models. These observations indicate that the function of one Msr cannot be totally complemented by another. Among the mammalian Msrs, MsrB1 is the only selenocysteine-containing protein, and we recently found that loss of MsrB1 perturbs the synaptic plasticity in mice, along with the astrogliosis in their brains. In this review, we summarized the effects resulting from Msr deficiency and the bioactivity of selenium in the central nervous system, especially those that we learned from the MsrB1 knockout mouse model. We hope it will be helpful in better understanding how the trace element selenium participates in the reduction of L-Met-O and becomes involved in neurobiology.

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Miyake, Keisuke, Takeshi Fujimori, Yasunori Toyota, Daisuke Ogawa, Tetsuhiro Hatakeyama, Masanobu Okauchi, Masahiko Kawanishi, and Takashi Tamiya. "NI-08 Utility of multiple positron emission tomography tracers in the diagnosis of brain tumors according to the 2016 World Health Organization classification." Neuro-Oncology Advances 2, Supplement_3 (November 1, 2020): ii13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdaa143.056.

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Abstract Objective: Magnetic resonance imaging alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis and therapy outcomes in brain tumors. We herein examined the utility of positron emission tomography (PET) studies for diagnosis in brain tumors. Methods: Between April 2009 and June 2020, 320 patients with central nervous diseases, including 140, 65, 52, 52, and 11 patients with glioma, metastatic brain tumor, malignant lymphoma, meningioma, and demyelinating disease, respectively, underwent PET studies (FDG, MET, FLT, and FMISO) in our department. Lesion/normal (L/N) ratios for FDG, MET, and FLT and lesion/blood ratio (L/B ratio) for FMISO were compared. The glioma subtypes were compared based on the 2016 World Health Organization classification (IDH-mut, Codel, IDH-wt, GBM), and metastatic brain tumors, malignant lymphomas, meningiomas, and demyelinating diseases were compared with GBM. Results: In glioma, the cutoff MET L/N ratios to distinguish between IDH-mut and Codel, IDH-mut and GBM, Codel and GBM, and IDH-wt and GBM were 3.61, 4.42, 4.92, and 4.33, respectively, and the cutoff FLT L/N ratios to distinguish between IDH-mut and IDH-wt, IDH-mut and GBM, Codel and GBM, and IDH-wt and GBM were 3.43, 6.46, 3.39, and 7.56, respectively. The cutoff FDG and MET L/N ratios between metastatic brain tumors and GBM were 2.27 and 4.89; the cutoff FDG L/N and FMISO L/B ratios between malignant lymphoma and GBM were 4.68 and 2.13; and the cutoff FDG and MET L/N ratios between meningioma and GBM were 1.58 and 4.36. Demyelinating disease and GBM were distinguishable by FDG, MET, and FLT L/N ratios of 2.29, 3.32, and 5.85, and FMISO L/B ratio of 1.68. Conclusion: Four PET tracers were required to differentiate glioma subtypes. FDG and MET are useful for distinguishing GBM from metastatic brain tumor, malignant lymphoma, and meningioma, whereas accumulation was lower for all four PET tracers in demyelinating diseases than in GBM.

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Podstawka, Edyta, Yukihiro Ozaki, and Leonard M. Proniewicz. "Part III: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Amino Acids and Their Homodipeptide Monolayers Deposited onto Colloidal Gold Surface." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 12 (December 2005): 1516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370205775142520.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra were measured for monolayers of various amino acids: L-methionine (Met), L-cysteine (Cys), L-glycine (Gly), L-leucine (Leu), L-phenylalanine (Phe), and L-proline (Pro) and their homodipeptides (Met-Met, Cys-Cys, Gly-Gly, Leu-Leu, Phe-Phe, and Pro-Pro) deposited onto a colloidal gold surface. Orientation of amino acids and their homodipeptides, as well as specific-competitive interactions of their functional groups with the gold surface, were predicted by detailed spectral analysis of the obtained SERS spectra. The analysis performed allowed us to propose a particular surface geometry for each amino acid and homodipeptide on the gold surface. In addition, we compared the structures of these molecules adsorbed on colloidal gold and silver surfaces.

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Zuo, Fangrui, Qiongyao Gu, Shengqing Li, Hongkui Wei, and Jian Peng. "Effects of Different Methionine Sources on Methionine Metabolism in the IPEC-J2 Cells." BioMed Research International 2019 (July 16, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5464906.

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As one of the essential amino acids, methionine (Met) plays an important role in biological events such as methylation and antioxidant properties besides its function in protein synthesis. Different Met sources have been used in animal production, but their effects on Met metabolic pathways are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different Met sources (L-Met, DL-Met, DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA), and DL-methionyl-DL-methionine (DL-MM)) on the metabolism of Met in small intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) and the contents of extracellular Met sources. The results showed that concentrations of intracellular Met, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and the ratio of SAM to SAH in the DL-HMTBA group were significantly lower than that in other Met source groups, while the content of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) was significantly higher. Moreover, the mRNA levels of MAT2A, AHcy, CBS, MTHFR, and MTR in the DL-HMTBA group were significantly higher than those in other Met source groups. Further study showed that the total content of extracellular Met sources was highest in the DL-HMTBA group, followed by DL-MM group, followed by L-Met and DL-Met groups. These results demonstrated that DL-HMTBA mainly affects the transmethylation and remethylation of Met and it can promote the trans-sulfur metabolism of Met when compared with other Met sources. In addition, most DL-HMTBA and a small amount of DL-MM can escape the intestinal first-pass metabolism and then provide more extracellular Met sources than L-Met and DL-Met. Therefore, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of Met sources in livestock.

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Rehman, Abd Ur, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad M. Husnain, Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Ayman E. Taha, Shaaban S. Elnesr, Mervat A. Abdel-Latif, Sarah I. Othman, and Ahmed A. Allam. "Growth Performance of Broilers as Influenced by Different Levels and Sources of Methionine Plus Cysteine." Animals 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9121056.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the utilization of methionine from DL-methionine (DL-Met) and L-methionine (L-Met) with different levels of dietary methionine plus cystine (Met + Cyst) in broilers. The experimental diets were formulated by using three levels of Met + Cyst, i.e., 74%, 77% and 80% of digestible lysine. Met + Cyst was provided either from DL-Met or L-Met. A total of 450 day-old broilers were divided into six groups (five replicates of 15 birds each) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement under completely randomized design. Weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was determined. At the end of the experiment (35 days), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics and serum homocysteine. Results indicate that the combined effect of L-Met and DL-Met significantly affected (p < 0.05) the WG in the starter period and FI in the finisher period. Neither source nor level of methionine influenced (p > 0.05) the FI, WG and FCR of broilers during the starter, finisher or overall phase of growth. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine did not influence (p > 0.05) the feed intake, weight gain and FCR during the overall phase of growth. Source of methionine had no (p > 0.05) effect on carcass characteristics. Methionine levels had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on carcass weight, chest weight and thigh weight. The interaction between sources and levels of methionine had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the liver weight. The sources of methionine had significant (p < 0.05) effects on the liver and heart weight, while methionine levels significantly influenced (p < 0.05) the liver and gizzard weight. Finally, it was concluded that if DL-Met and L-Met are included in feed at a standard level, they are equally effective as a source of methionine for broilers.

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Djuran, Milo I., and Snezana U. Milinkovic´. "1H N.M.R. investigations of the selective intramolecular migration of a platinum(II) complex from methionine sulfur to imidazole N 1 in N-acetylated L-methionyl-L-histidine." Australian Journal of Chemistry 53, no. 8 (2000): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch00065.

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Reactions of two platinum(II) complexes [Pt(dien)Cl]+ and [Pt(Gly-Met-S,N,N´)Cl], in which dien is diethylenetriamine and Gly-Met is the dipeptide glycyl-L-methionine coordinated through the sulfur and two nitrogen atoms, with N-acetylated dipeptide L-methionyl-L-histidine (MeCO-Met-His) have been studied by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. All reactions were carried out in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pD 7.4 and at room temperature. In the initial stages of the reactions both platinum(II) complexes form a kinetically favoured platinum–peptide complex with unidentate coordination of MeCO-Met-His through the sulfur atom of the methionine residue. In the second stages of the reaction an intramolecular migration of a [Pt(dien)]2+ unit from the sulfur to the nitrogen atom of imidazole has been observed. This migration reaction is very slow and strongly selective to the N 1 atom of the imidazole ring of the histidine side chain. No migration of the platinum(II) complex was observed in the reaction between [Pt(Gly-Met-S,N,N´)Cl] and the dipeptide MeCO-Met-His. It was found that the latter complex, with a more sterically hindered Gly-Met ligand, reacts more slowly with thioether-containing molecules than [Pt(dien)Cl]+ and forms a more stable platinum–sulfur bond. This study is an important step in the development of new platinum(II) complexes for selective covalent modification of peptides and proteins.

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Fulczyk, Agnieszka, Eliza Łata, Ewa Talik, Teresa Kowalska, and Mieczysław Sajewicz. "Impact of D2O on peptidization of l-proline." Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis 128, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-019-01681-y.

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Abstract This is our follow-up study carried out in an order to collect experimental evidence regarding the impact of heavy water (D2O) on the spontaneous oscillatory peptidization of l-proline (l-Pro). Our earlier studies have been focused on the two sulfur-containing proteinogenic α-amino acids, i.e., l-cysteine (l-Cys) and l-methionine (l-Met), and it seemed interesting to assess the effect induced by D2O on one more proteinogenic α-amino acid, i.e., l-Pro. It needs to be added that unlike l-Met, but similar to l-Cys, the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro dissolved in the organic-aqueous solvent characterizes with the circadian rhythm. As analytical techniques, we used high-performance liquid chromatography with the evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD), mass spectrometry (MS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and turbidimetry. The obtained results can in certain sense be viewed as analogous to those earlier reported for l-Cys and l-Met by demonstrating that heavy water considerably hampers the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro. However, an unexpected observation was also made than unlike the cases with l-Cys and l-Met, the observed hampering effect of D2O on the oscillatory peptidization of l-Pro is not monotonously dependent on the concentration of D2O in the system, but it is the strongest pronounced for 10% (v/v) D2O in the employed binary methanol–water solvent (with the investigated proportions of D2O in this solvent changing from 0 to 30%). Although we have no rational explanation for this striking effect, we believe that it should not pass unnoticed and therefore it is emphasized in this study. Maybe this firm quantitative result will prove an inspiration for future researchers interested in getting a deeper insight into the role of D2O in life processes, and more specifically in the kinetic and the mechanistic aspects thereof.

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GAVUZZO, ENRICO, FERNANDO MAZZA, GIORGIO POCHETTI, and ANGELO SCATTURIN. "Crystal structure, conformation, and potential energy calculations the chemotactic peptide N- formyl-l-Met-l-Leu-l-Phe-OMe." International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 34, no. 5 (January 12, 2009): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1989.tb00710.x.

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Wu, Yongbao, Jing Tang, Junting Cao, Bo Zhang, Ying Chen, Ming Xie, Zhengkui Zhou, and Shuisheng Hou. "Effect of Dietary L-Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Plasma Parameters of Starter Pekin Ducks at Different Dietary Energy Levels." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010144.

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A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influences of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and methionine (Met) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical parameters of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 600 one-day-old male Pekin ducklings were randomly assigned to 12 groups (six replicates each group and eight ducks per replicate) in a 2 × 6 two-factor arrangement. The basal Met levels of two basal diets (11.54 and 12.52 MJ/kg ME) were 0.31 and 0.29%, respectively. The crystalline L-Met was supplemented to yield six diets according to different supplemental levels (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25%). The results showed that the body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) were increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary Met levels. Dietary ME levels changed from 11.54 to 12.52 MJ/kg increased the BW and ADG (p < 0.05) as well as decreased the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio (p < 0.05). As the dietary Met level increased, leg muscle yield increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, increasing the dietary ME level decreased the leg muscle yield (p = 0.0024) and increased abdominal fat (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) in plasma were decreased (p < 0.05) when the ME levels of diets changed from 11.54 to 12.52 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, the plasma TCHO and HDLC concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) as dietary Met levels increased. Based on the linear-broken line model, the dietary Met requirement of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age for optimal ADG were 0.362% (0.052% supplemental L-Met) at 11.54 MJ ME/kg and 0.468% (0.178% supplemental L-Met) at 12.52 MJ ME/kg, respectively, when crystal L-Met was supplemented to formulate the diets. This suggested that the Met requirement of starter Pekin ducks was affected by dietary ME levels. The data potentially provide theoretical support for the utilization of crystalline L-Met in duck production.

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Wu, Yongbao, Jing Tang, Junting Cao, Bo Zhang, Ying Chen, Ming Xie, Zhengkui Zhou, and Shuisheng Hou. "Effect of Dietary L-Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Plasma Parameters of Starter Pekin Ducks at Different Dietary Energy Levels." Animals 11, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11010144.

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A 2 × 6 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influences of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) and methionine (Met) levels on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma biochemical parameters of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 600 one-day-old male Pekin ducklings were randomly assigned to 12 groups (six replicates each group and eight ducks per replicate) in a 2 × 6 two-factor arrangement. The basal Met levels of two basal diets (11.54 and 12.52 MJ/kg ME) were 0.31 and 0.29%, respectively. The crystalline L-Met was supplemented to yield six diets according to different supplemental levels (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25%). The results showed that the body weight (BW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) were increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary Met levels. Dietary ME levels changed from 11.54 to 12.52 MJ/kg increased the BW and ADG (p < 0.05) as well as decreased the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio (p < 0.05). As the dietary Met level increased, leg muscle yield increased (p < 0.05). Conversely, increasing the dietary ME level decreased the leg muscle yield (p = 0.0024) and increased abdominal fat (p < 0.001). Meanwhile, the concentrations of total cholesterol (TCHO), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) in plasma were decreased (p < 0.05) when the ME levels of diets changed from 11.54 to 12.52 MJ/kg. Meanwhile, the plasma TCHO and HDLC concentrations decreased (p < 0.05) as dietary Met levels increased. Based on the linear-broken line model, the dietary Met requirement of starter Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age for optimal ADG were 0.362% (0.052% supplemental L-Met) at 11.54 MJ ME/kg and 0.468% (0.178% supplemental L-Met) at 12.52 MJ ME/kg, respectively, when crystal L-Met was supplemented to formulate the diets. This suggested that the Met requirement of starter Pekin ducks was affected by dietary ME levels. The data potentially provide theoretical support for the utilization of crystalline L-Met in duck production.

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Jiang, Shi-Guang, Neng-Xia Pan, Meng-Jie Chen, Xiu-Qi Wang, Hui-Chao Yan, and Chun-Qi Gao. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation with dl-Methionine and dl-Methionyl-dl-Methionine in Breeding Pigeons on the Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Squabs." Antioxidants 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8100435.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with dl-methionine (dl-Met) and dl-methionyl-dl-methionine (dl-Met-Met) in breeding pigeons on the carcass characteristics, meat quality and antioxidant activity of squabs. A total of 324 pairs of breeding pigeons were selected and allotted to 9 treatments in a completely randomized design, and the birds were fed dietary treatments for 45 d, including a Met-deficient basal diet (BD, crude protein = 15%, Met = 0.25%) and BD + 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45%, or 0.60% dl-Met or dl-Met-Met diets. Compared with the diet fed to the BD group, dietary dl-Met or dl-Met-Met supplementation effectively increased the carcass yield, semieviscerated yield, eviscerated yield, breast muscle yield, thigh muscle yield, a* value, catalase activity, total superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione peroxidase activity, but decreased the L* value, malonaldehyde concentration, drip loss and cooking loss of squabs (p < 0.05). The relative bioavailability values of dl-Met-Met relative to those of dl-Met were 467% and 376% based on carcass yield and breast muscle yield, respectively (p < 0.001). Moreover, dl-Met-Met was more effective than dl-Met in decreasing the drip loss and improving the antioxidant activity of the breast and thigh muscles of squabs (p < 0.05). As a source of Met, dl-Met-Met, rather than dl-Met, was more beneficial to squabs.

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Gearheart, R. A. "Use of Constructed Wetlands to Treat Domestic Wastewater, City of Arcata, California." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1992): 1625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0606.

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This paper summarizes 10 years of experience applying oxidation pond effluent to constructed wetlands in Arcata, California. The first five years (1980-1986) was spent experimenting with 6×66 metre constructed wetland mesocosm. The second five years involved fullscale analysis of 2.8 hectares and 12 hectares effluent receiving marshes. Experience to date has verified the capability of constructed wetlands to reliably and effectively meet advanced secondary water quality standards. Effluent BOD and suspended solids concentrations of 30 and 30 mg/l respectively can be met ninety percent of the time with weekly samples; fecal coliform levels of 20 CFU/100 can be met 90 percent of the time. Total inorganic nitrogen levels of 5 can be met in the growing season at 12 mg/l in the non-growing season. Design criteriaaregiven for BOD, SS, coliform, and TIN removal for a temperature range of 6 to 20°C. Experience gained to date on the construction details, vegetation planting, and operational consideration is also summarized in the paper.

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Martínez-Aguilar, Yordan, Román Rodríguez-Bertot, Cesar Betancur-Hurtado, Dairon Más-Toro, Carlos Olmo-González, and Manuel Valdivié-Navarro. "Dietary Supplementation of Increasing Levels of DLMethionine and L-Lysine in Hypoproteic Diets for Laying Hens Improves Productivity and Egg Quality." CIENCIA Y AGRICULTURA 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01228420.4109.

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<p>To evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of DL-methionine and L-lysine in hypoprotein diets on productivity and egg quality, a total of 240 White Leghorn laying hens (Hybrid L-33) of 26 weeks during laying peak period were placed for 49 days, according to completely randomized design with four treatments and 10 repetitions. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (no amino acid supplementation) (T0) and supplementation of 0.03% DL-Met and 0.04% L-Lys (T1); 0.06% DL-Met and 0.08% L-Lys (T2) and 0.09% DL-Met and 0.12% L-Lys (T3). At 26 and 33 weeks of age, 30 eggs per treatment were collected to determine internal and external egg quality parameters.</p><p>The experiment diets did not affect the viability and feed intake. Supplementation of essential amino acids, especially the T3 improved egg weight (54.30 to 58.30 g), laying rate (76.89 to 85.45%) and mass conversion (2.52 to 2.11 kg/kg) (P<0.05). At 33 week, the albumin height (7.21 to 8.23 mm), Haugh units (86.70 to 91.15) (P<0.05) and shell surface (67.10 to 69.20 cm2) increased by the effect of supplementation of DL-Met and L-Lys. The results allow recommending the dietary supplementation of 0.09% DL-Met and 0.12% L-Lys in hypoprotein diets to improve productivity and egg quality in laying hens.</p>

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Kokaze, Akatsuki, Mamoru Ishikawa, Naomi Matsunaga, Kanae Karita, Masao Yoshida, Hirotaka Ochiai, Takako Shirasawa, et al. "NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit-2 237 Leu/Met Polymorphism Influences the Association of Coffee Consumption with Serum Chloride Levels in Male Japanese Health Checkup Examinees: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Analysis." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (September 20, 2018): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101344.

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Background: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism has been shown to modify the association of coffee consumption with the risk of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormal glucose tolerance, and low serum chloride levels have been shown to be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism influences the association of coffee consumption with serum chloride levels in male Japanese health checkup examinees. Methods: From among individuals visiting the hospital for a regular medical checkup, 402 men (mean age ± standard deviation, 53.9 ± 7.8 years) were selected for inclusion in the study. After ND2-237 Leu/Met genotyping, we conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study to examine the combined association of ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism and coffee consumption with serum electrolyte levels. Results: After adjusting for age, body mass index, habitual smoking, alcohol consumption, green tea consumption, and antihypertensive medication, coffee consumption significantly increased serum chloride levels (p for trend = 0.001) in men with the ND2-237Leu genotype. After these adjustments, the odds ratios (ORs) for low levels of serum chloride, defined as <100 mEq/L, were found to be dependent on coffee consumption (p for trend = 0.001). In addition, the OR for low levels of serum chloride was significantly lower in men with the ND2-237Leu genotype who consumed ≥4 compared with <1 cup of coffee per day (OR = 0.096, 95% confidence interval = 0.010–0.934; p = 0.044). However, neither serum chloride levels nor risk of low levels of serum chloride appeared to be dependent on coffee consumption. Conclusions: The results suggest that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modifies the association of coffee consumption with serum chloride levels in middle-aged Japanese men.

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Al-Maythalony, Bassem A., Mohamed I. M. Wazeer, Anvarhusein A. Isab, and Saeed Ahmad. "A study of [Au(ethylenediamine)Cl2]Cl interaction with L-methionine and DL-seleno-methionine by1H and13C NMR spectroscopy." Spectroscopy 24, no. 5 (2010): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/827107.

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The interaction of [Au(en)Cl2]Cl with L-methionine (Met) and DL-seleno-methionine (Se-Met) was carried out in D2O solution at ∼pH 3.8.13C NMR spectra were interpreted by comparison with the spectra recorded after the reaction of Met or Se-Met with HAuCl4and also after oxidation by H2O2. Reactions of [Au(en)Cl2]Cl with Met and Se-Met were found to proceed through the exchange of chloride ligands from complex with Met or Se-Met. Gold(III) reduction takes place during the reaction andenligand was released from [Au(en)Cl2]Cl complex.

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Journal articles on the topic 'L-Met'

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